CN109041983A - The cultural method of the soft seed pomegranate in Tunisia - Google Patents
The cultural method of the soft seed pomegranate in Tunisia Download PDFInfo
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- CN109041983A CN109041983A CN201810676003.5A CN201810676003A CN109041983A CN 109041983 A CN109041983 A CN 109041983A CN 201810676003 A CN201810676003 A CN 201810676003A CN 109041983 A CN109041983 A CN 109041983A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/10—Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of cultural methods of the soft seed pomegranate in Tunisia comprising following steps: the selection in 1. fields；2. plant；3. rational close planting；4. soil fertilizer and water management；5. pruning；6. flower and fruit management；7. preventing physiological fallen fruit；8. preventing dehiscent fruit；9. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.By this cultural method, high yield, big fruit, insect-pest, anti-fruit-cracking is achieved the purpose that, have been conducive to promote at home；And convenient for the chewing to pomegranate seed, achievees the purpose that absorption and utilize pomegranate seed nutrition.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to modern agriculture fields, and in particular to a kind of cultural method of the soft seed pomegranate in Tunisia.
Background technique
Pomegranate (latin name: Punica granatum L.) deciduous tree or shrub；Dan Ye, usually to raw or fasciation, nothing
Stipule.Flower basidixed or nearly basidixed, single raw or several fasciations or composition cyme, nearly bell, sliver 5-9, petal 5-9 wrinkle more
Pleat, imbricate arrangement；Ovule is most.Berry is spherical, and top harbors calyx lobes, and pericarp is thick；Seed is most, the nearly ball of berry
Shape, the fruit mature period 9-10 month.Exosper meat is translucent, succulence；Endotesta keratin.Nature and flavor are sweet, sour and astringent, warm, have desinsection, receive
It holds back, puckery intestines, stop dysentery and other effects.Pomegranate fruit is full of nutrition, and Vitamin C content is higher by one or two times than apple, pears.Chinese cultivated
The history of pomegranate is tracked to Han dynasty, and recording according to Lu Gong is that Zhang Qian is introduced from the Western Regions.There is cultivation in Chinese north and south, with Anhui, river
The ground such as Soviet Union, Henan cultivated area is larger, and cultivates some more good kinds.Wherein Anhui Huaiyuan County be Chinese pomegranate it
Township, " Huaiyuan pomegranate " are national geography sign protection product.Traditional Chinese culture regards pomegranate as mascot, sees it as more sons, more blessings
Symbol.
The Balkan Peninsula to Iran and its neighbouring area is originated in, there is plantation in global temperate zone and the torrid zone.Chinese three rivers
Also a large amount of wild ancient pomegranate groups are distributed on the barren hill for examining even river two sides in height above sea level 1700-3000 meters of basin.Chinese north and south
There is cultivation, larger with the ground such as Jiangsu, Henan cultivated area, and cultivate some more good kinds, the wherein crystal in Jiangsu
Pomegranate and fruitlet pomegranate are all preferable kinds.
American researcher reports, peony juice of my pomegranate welcomed by the people, in tester under lab
And when carrying out experimental study on the body of mouse, discovery can resist cancer cell.
In domestic medicine, the major function of pomegranate is as follows:
1. pomegranate leaf: astringing to arrest diarrhea；Kill worm in angle.Main diarrhea；Variolar carbuncle；Impetigo；Traumatic injury.
2. granatum: relieving diarrhea with astringents；Hemostasis；Expelling parasite；Dysentery；Discharging fresh blood stool；Metrorrhagia and metrostaxis；Leukorrhagia；Pest.Main nosebleed epistaxis；Middle ear
It is scorching；Wound hemorrhage；Irregular menstruation；It is red to collapse leukorrhea；Toothache；It spits blood；Chronic diarrhea；Protracted dysentery；Hematochezia；Rectal prolapse；Spermatorrhoea；Metrorrhagia and metrostaxis；Leukorrhagia；Worm
Product abdominal pain；Scabies.
3. pomegranate flower: controlling nosebleed epistaxis, tympanitis, wound hemorrhage.
" 1. classification is herbal ": controlling haematemesis, irregular menstruation is red to collapse leukorrhea.Burn is ground, and sesame oil tune applies.
" 2. Fujian traditional herbal medicine ": controlling dentalgia, decocting is for tea informal dress.
" 3. wild medicine is planted figure and is said ": controlling middle ear inflammation, prevent from suppurating.
4. pomegranate root: desinsection, puckery intestines, stop-band.Control roundworm, tapeworm, chronic diarrhea, protracted dysentery, leukorrhea with reddish discharge.
1. " Bie Lu ": treating roundworm, very little white.
" 2. detailed outline ": only puckery dysentery leukorrhagia.
3. Shanghai Common Chinese Herbal Medicine: expelling parasite, convergence.Control roundworm, tapeworm, kidney stone, diabetes, chyluria.
It in view of numerous benefits of pomegranate, is needed in conjunction with the differentiation business development of domestic economy crops, we are from prominent
Soft seed pomegranate has been introduced in Nice, but is one put in face of us since how the water and soil of two countries, climate reasons can reach high yield
A problem.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to propose to a kind of cultural methods of the soft seed pomegranate in Tunisia, to achieve the effect that high yield.
In order to realize that the above technical purpose, the present invention are achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of cultural method of the soft seed pomegranate in Tunisia comprising following steps:
1. the selection in field
Pomegranate is intolerant tree species, is suitable for warm weather conditions；Field selects 1300-1700m of height above sea level, year samming 14 DEG C~19
DEG C, 18.5 DEG C~39 DEG C of growth period temperature, 10 DEG C -14.2 DEG C of dormant period mean temperature, -3 DEG C of absolute minimum temperature, year precipitation
Measure 600~1000mm；Soil layer is deep loose, and pH value control is in 6.5-7.5, in the ranks even cloth gutter, and draining is good, rich in having
Machine matter；It has a good transport service, water condition is good, the sufficient leeward plot on the sunny side of illumination；Soil is with sandy loam, oily sandy soil or by changing
Soil, flood land and canyonside become silted up preferably in good mountainous region；The mountainous region gradient should be less than 20 degree；Pacifically level of ground water should not be high in flood land
In 2m；
2. plant
(1) cuttage cultivating seedling is transplanted
Two Ji Junke of spring, autumn is carried out, and site preparation digs cave before transplanting, and uses sufficient base manure；Density: 500 centimetre * 300 of mountainous region garden distance between rows and hills
~400 centimetres, 500 centimetres * 400 centimetres of level land garden；General third annual bearing；Rhizosphere sprout tillers transplanting has been dug into together with root system
It can；
(2) the soft seed pomegranate transplanting in Tunisia
General nutritious alms bowl nursery and cuttage transplantation of seedlings；The former transplants seedling band bowl-entering soil in 4~May of solar calendar, and cuttage is such as
It is allocated and transported through other places, the time is longer, should reveal in clear water after branch impregnates 2 one 3 days immediately and plant again；If seedlings are transplanted, answered before cultivation
Superfluous branch is cut off, main branch stays 4~5 centimetres of skill forks.The fall planting time can carry out after fallen leaves；
The soft seed pomegranate plant in Tunisia preferably uses north and south row to sharp ventilation and penetrating light, by fast rapid-result garden requirement, every 1/15 hectare can
200 plants are planted, single plant line-spacing is 150 centimetres * 200 centimetres；Group planting seeding row spacing is 300 centimetres * 350 centimetres, every 1/15 hectare 66
Clump, 3 plants every clump, triangular in shape, southern two north one, 70 centimetres of strain spacing, cave is 60 centimetres or so deep, and 50 centimetres of diameter or so, before plant
10 kilograms of well-rotted farmyard manures are applied in every cave, and are transplanted again with 3~5 centimetres of earthing thickness after cave scholar mixing, and blinding is steady and sure, sprinkles profoundly water；It
When non-irrigated, rewater after a week 1 time；
3. rational close planting
Transplant seeding row spacing 2m × 4m or 2m × 3m, north and south row to；Deep, each 1m of width planting pit is dug by seeding row spacing before planting；It applies in every cave
Farmyard manure 40-50kg and 1kg compound fertilizer backfills after mixing with surface soil, and subsoil is inserted upper layer 10~15cm above ground level；12
The plant last ten-days period to the mid-January moon；Select root system complete, the strong sprout of no disease and pests harm；Nursery stock is planted by the original depth into unfolding root
System, having peace of mind fills permeable, with plastic film overlay tree disk；60~70cm of heading height；1 water was poured every 15~20 days, company pours 2-
3 times；
4. soil fertilizer and water management
Annual winter ploughs deeply soil；Hillside or the soil deep tillage 50-60cm for relatively gluing weight；The deep sandy soil of soil layer is ploughed deeply
30~40cm；Growing season carries out multiple tillage and weeding；Full garden shallow plowing in time after early spring soil thaws, to keep soil moisture, mentions
High soil temperature promotes root system activity；Summer and autumn carries out deep intertillage, prevents soil moisture excessive and poor aeration；
Treelet, firstfruits tree in the ranks can between make beans, potato, melon and various vegetables and medicinal material；Between to reserve tree when making
Disk；
Urea 100g, mid-May, early July and late August Zhu Shi compound fertilizer 150g are applied in the strain of in early March, the 1st after field planting；3
The last ten-days period to the mid-September moon added 0.3%~0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate to spray leaf 1 time every 15 days with 0.3% urea；Root after 2nd year
Locate to dig the cyclic annular dressing furrow of depth 50em, width 60cm according to dripping in tree crown outer rim tree vigo(u)r and the yield annual autumn 9-10 month, agriculture is applied in strain
Family fertilizer 30-50kg；Mid-February, urea 250-300g was applied in strain, thanked to Hua Houzhushi compound fertilizer 250-350g, and sulphur is applied in late May strain
Sour potassium 200-300g；Full-bloom stage sprays 0.3% urea and adds 0.2% borax to improve fruit-setting rate, and Xie Huahou sprayed 1 time every 15 days
0.3% urea adds 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, even spray 3~4 times；
It pours water before annual spring rudiment, promotes neat rudiment, Spring-shoot growth and flower bud development, time urgent；Full-bloom stage
Later it pours water in conjunction with top dressing, promotion young fruit expands and bud differentiation；It pours water before fruit picking, promotes bud differentiation and fruit to increase, be
Next year high yield lays the foundation；Pomegranate tree is afraid of flood, and rainy season is it is noted that drainage waterlogging prevention；Level land Pomegranate Garden drainage trenching drains in time；It is low
Zanjon high ridge orchard establishment can be used in plot of land, can not only drain, but also can lowering of watertable；Mountainous region Pomegranate Garden will carry out water and soil conservation, do
To energy accumulation of energy row；
5. pruning
It is tree-like to use natural open centre shape；High 60cm is done, high 1.5-2m is set, the angle of 3 major branches is 60 degree；Match on each major branch
3~4 side shoots are set, complete set shares 9-12 side shoot, main, configuration 20 or so on side shoot large and medium-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster；Treelet
Trimming mainly expands tree crown as early as possible, cultivates skeleton；Branch cutting back is extended to the periphery of master, side shoot when winter cuts, cuts and stays 40-50em；
Vertical branch, overstocked branch, crossing branch etc. are removed, in favor of ventilation and penetrating light；Summer cuts to improve tree body ventilation and penetrating light condition, improves fruit
For the purpose of quality and promotion bud differentiation；Remove competitive branch, the branch of excessive growth, the back branch on major branch；The young sprout for having space is carried out
The tip is turned round in pinching, and no space removes in time；Band girdle, girdling are carried out to promote flower_bud formation and fruit growth to prosperous branch；Bearing-age tree
Weak branch is dredged when winter cuts and stays enriching shoot, removes close crowded branch, the useless branch of excessive growth, crossing branch, sick branch, keeps having more effective knot in hat
Fruit position；To perennial descending branch, thin and delicate tediously long branch and aging fruit-bearing shoot cluster in being preced with, good bifurcation is retracted to, and pay attention to lifting
Branches of tall trees brilliance degree, enhances its growth potential；
6. flower and fruit management
To improve fruit-setting rate, the urea of full-bloom stage spray 0.3% adds 0.2% borax；Trumpet flower and tubular flower can be recognized after buddingging
When, horn-like flower is removed as early as possible, was dredged 1 time every 10 days, and dredges and removes all the 3rd batch of flowers, carries out fruit thinning, Mei Gehua after physiological fallen fruit
Sequence stays 1 fruit, fruit spacing 25em, leaf-fruit ratio 40:1；Thorax and middle lower layer will stay more in tree crown dredges less, and tree crown periphery and upper layer are dredged more
It stays less；Wang Shu is stayed more, weak tree stays less；Lower ghlory flower stays more, and back fruit stays less or do not stay；Late May once sterilizes young fruit spray, kills
After worm agent, fruit bagging is carried out；Early September, fruit remove fruit bag, promote colouring when closely mature；
7. preventing physiological fallen fruit
The soft seed pomegranate in Tunisia respectively sprays 1 time 0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, then favorably in squaring period, young fruit period and fruit color phase
In preventing physiological fallen fruit, increase fruit colour and sugar content, improves fruit quality；
8. preventing dehiscent fruit
Pericarpium granati and pomegranate seed are asynchronous to late growth, and later period fruit expands rapidly, and the pericarp later period is due to growth speed
Degree is not caught up with and pericarp aging, ductility are bad；It is squirted by blade face, pericarpium granati supplementing calcium element is given, to reach anti-crack arrest
Fruit；
9. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
Main diseases and insect pests have pomegranate dry rot, early defoliation disease, dead-arm, pomegranate dichocrocis punctiferalis, parasa consocia, small heart-eating peach worm；Winter
Season removes sick branch, deadwood, fallen leaves, and concentration is burnt, and the lime sulfur of 3-5 ° of Be is sprayed, to eliminate wintering pest；1 is sprayed before blooming
The lime sulfur of secondary 3-5 ° of Be；Per half a month sprays the biological pesticide of a preventing disease and pest later.
Preferably, between the step 1 and step 2 the following steps are included:
Sapling breeding:
Soft seed pomegranate can be bred with the methods of sowing, cuttage, press strip, plant division, grafting in Tunisia, but be produced upper general common
Vegetative propagation, i.e. cutting propagation；Method is to be selected in high yield before germination in 2~March of spring and set the annual healthy and strong, ash of interior thorax clip
White branch, 30 centimetres of every segment length, for oblique cutting on whole good seedbed, embedded depth is 20 centimetres or so, covers fine earth having peace of mind and is watered with
Water pays attention to moisturizing, can take root soon, cultivates 1 year, second year transplanting；
The utility model has the advantages that having achieved the purpose that high yield, big fruit, insect-pest, anti-fruit-cracking by this cultural method, being conducive at home
It promotes；And convenient for the chewing to pomegranate seed, achievees the purpose that absorption and utilize pomegranate seed nutrition.
Specific embodiment
A kind of cultural method of the soft seed pomegranate in Tunisia comprising following steps:
1. the selection in field
Pomegranate is intolerant tree species, is suitable for warm weather conditions；Field selects 1300-1700m of height above sea level, year samming 14 DEG C~19
DEG C, 18.5 DEG C~39 DEG C of growth period temperature, 10 DEG C -14.2 DEG C of dormant period mean temperature, -3 DEG C of absolute minimum temperature, year precipitation
Measure 600~1000mm；Soil layer is deep loose, and pH value control is in 6.5-7.5, in the ranks even cloth gutter, and draining is good, rich in having
Machine matter；It has a good transport service, water condition is good, the sufficient leeward plot on the sunny side of illumination；Soil is with sandy loam, oily sandy soil or by changing
Soil, flood land and canyonside become silted up preferably in good mountainous region；The mountainous region gradient should be less than 20 degree.Pacifically level of ground water should not be high in flood land
In 2m.
2. sapling breeds
Soft seed pomegranate can be bred with the methods of sowing, cuttage, press strip, plant division, grafting in Tunisia, but be produced upper general common
Vegetative propagation, i.e. cutting propagation.Method is to be selected in high yield before germination in 2~March of spring and set the annual healthy and strong, ash of interior thorax clip
White branch, 30 centimetres of every segment length, for oblique cutting on whole good seedbed, embedded depth is 20 centimetres or so, covers fine earth having peace of mind and is watered with
Water pays attention to moisturizing, can take root soon, cultivates 1 year, second year transplanting.
3. plant
(1) cuttage cultivating seedling is transplanted
Two Ji Junke of spring, autumn is carried out.Site preparation digs cave before transplanting, and uses sufficient base manure.Density: 500 centimetre * 300 of mountainous region garden distance between rows and hills
~400 centimetres, 500 centimetres * 400 centimetres of level land garden.General third annual bearing.Rhizosphere sprout tillers transplanting has been dug into together with root system
It can.
(2) the soft seed pomegranate transplanting in big fruit Tunisia
General nutritious alms bowl nursery and cuttage transplantation of seedlings.The former transplants seedling band bowl-entering soil in 4~May of solar calendar, and cuttage is such as
It is allocated and transported through other places, the time is longer, should reveal in clear water after branch impregnates 2 one 3 days immediately and plant again.If seedlings are transplanted, answered before cultivation
Superfluous branch is cut off, main branch stays 4~5 centimetres of skill forks.The fall planting time can carry out after fallen leaves.
The big soft seed pomegranate plant in fruit Tunisia preferably use north and south row to, with sharp ventilation and penetrating light, by fast short-term training garden requirement, every 1/
15 hectares can plant 200 plants, and single plant line-spacing is 150 centimetres * 200 centimetres；Group planting seeding row spacing be 300 centimetres * 350 centimetres, every 1/
15 hectares 66 clumps, 3 plants every clump, triangular in shape, southern two north one, 70 centimetres of strain spacing, cave is 60 centimetres or so deep, 50 centimetres of left sides of diameter
The right side, 10 kilograms of well-rotted farmyard manures are applied in every cave before planting, and are transplanted again with 3~5 centimetres of earthing thickness after cave scholar mixing, and blinding is steady and sure, pours
It is permeable.When its drought, rewater 1 time after a week
4. rational close planting
Transplant seeding row spacing 2m × 4m or 2m × 3m, north and south row to.Deep, each 1m of width planting pit is dug by seeding row spacing before planting.It applies in every cave
Farmyard manure 40-50kg and 1kg compound fertilizer backfills after mixing with surface soil, and subsoil is inserted upper layer 10~15cm above ground level.12
The plant last ten-days period to the mid-January moon.Select root system complete, the strong sprout of no disease and pests harm.Nursery stock is planted by the original depth into unfolding root
System, having peace of mind fills permeable, with plastic film overlay tree disk.60~70cm of heading height.1 water was poured every 15~20 days, company pours 2-
3 times.
5. soil fertilizer and water management
Annual winter ploughs deeply soil.Hillside or the soil deep tillage 50-60cm for relatively gluing weight；The deep sandy soil of soil layer is ploughed deeply
30~40cm.Growing season carries out multiple tillage and weeding.Full garden shallow plowing in time after early spring soil thaws, to keep soil moisture, mentions
High soil temperature promotes root system activity.Summer and autumn carries out deep intertillage, prevents soil moisture excessive and poor aeration.
Treelet, firstfruits tree in the ranks can between make beans, potato, melon and various vegetables and medicinal material.Between to reserve when making
Set disk.
Urea 100g, mid-May, early July and late August Zhu Shi compound fertilizer are applied in the strain of in early March, the 1st after field planting
150g；Late March added 0.3%~0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate to spray leaf 1 time every 15 days to mid-September with 0.3% urea.2nd year
Locate to dig the cyclic annular dressing furrow of depth 50em, width 60cm according to dripping in tree crown outer rim tree vigo(u)r and the yield annual autumn 9-10 month later,
Farmyard manure 30-50kg is applied in strain；Mid-February, urea 250-300g was applied in strain, thanked Hua Houzhushi compound fertilizer 250-350g, late May
Potassium sulfate 200-300g is applied in strain.Full-bloom stage sprays 0.3% urea and adds 0.2% borax to improve fruit-setting rate, and Xie Huahou was sprayed every 15 days
1 0.3% urea adds 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, even spray 3~4 times.
It pours water before annual spring rudiment, promotes neat rudiment, Spring-shoot growth and flower bud development, time urgent.It contains
Florescence is poured water later in conjunction with top dressing, and promotion young fruit expands and bud differentiation.It pours water before fruit picking, bud differentiation and fruit is promoted to increase
Greatly, it lays the foundation for next year high yield.Pomegranate tree is afraid of flood, and rainy season is it is noted that drainage waterlogging prevention.Level land Pomegranate Garden drainage trenching is arranged in time
Water；Zanjon high ridge orchard establishment can be used in low plot of land, can not only drain, but also can lowering of watertable；Mountainous region Pomegranate Garden will carry out water and soil guarantor
It holds, accomplishing can accumulation of energy row.
6. pruning
It is tree-like to use natural open centre shape.High 60cm is done, high 1.5-2m is set, the angle of 3 major branches is 60 degree.Match on each major branch
3~4 side shoots are set, complete set shares 9-12 side shoot, main, configuration 20 or so on side shoot large and medium-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster.Treelet
Trimming mainly expands tree crown as early as possible, cultivates skeleton.Branch cutting back is extended to the periphery of master, side shoot when winter cuts, cuts and stays 40-50em；
Vertical branch, overstocked branch, crossing branch etc. are removed, in favor of ventilation and penetrating light.Summer cuts to improve tree body ventilation and penetrating light condition, improves fruit
For the purpose of quality and promotion bud differentiation.Remove competitive branch, the branch of excessive growth, the back branch on major branch；The young sprout for having space is carried out
The tip is turned round in pinching, and no space removes in time；Band girdle, girdling are carried out to promote flower_bud formation and fruit growth to prosperous branch.Bearing-age tree
Weak branch is dredged when winter cuts and stays enriching shoot, removes close crowded branch, the useless branch of excessive growth, crossing branch, sick branch, keeps having more effective knot in hat
Fruit position；To perennial descending branch, thin and delicate tediously long branch and aging fruit-bearing shoot cluster in being preced with, good bifurcation is retracted to, and pay attention to lifting
Branches of tall trees brilliance degree, enhances its growth potential.
7. flower and fruit management
To improve fruit-setting rate, the urea of full-bloom stage spray 0.3% adds 0.2% borax.It can recognize trumpet flower (not exclusively after buddingging
Flower) and when tubular flower (complete flower), horn-like flower is removed as early as possible, it was dredged 1 time every 10 days, and dredge and remove the 3rd batch of flowers of whole.Physiology is fallen
Fruit thinning is carried out after fruit, each inflorescence stays 1 fruit, fruit spacing 25em, leaf-fruit ratio 40:1.Thorax and middle lower layer will stay few more in tree crown
It dredges, tree crown periphery and upper layer are dredged more and stayed less；Wang Shu is stayed more, weak tree stays less；Lower ghlory flower stays more, and back fruit stays less or do not stay.5 below the moon
After ten days sprays primary sterilization, insecticide to young fruit, fruit bagging is carried out.Early September, fruit remove fruit bag, promote colouring when closely mature.
8. preventing physiological fallen fruit
The big soft seed pomegranate in fruit Tunisia respectively sprays 1 time 0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, then in squaring period, young fruit period and fruit color phase
Be conducive to prevent physiological fallen fruit, increase fruit colour and sugar content, improves fruit quality.
9. preventing dehiscent fruit
Pericarpium granati and pomegranate seed are asynchronous to late growth, and later period fruit expands rapidly, and the pericarp later period is due to growth speed
Degree is not caught up with and pericarp aging, ductility are bad.Reason is exactly that pericarp lacks calcium constituent among these.Therefore we should give pomegranate
Fruit tree supplementing calcium element.Method is exactly to be squirted by blade face, gives pericarpium granati supplementing calcium element.
10. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
Main diseases and insect pests have pomegranate dry rot, early defoliation disease, dead-arm, pomegranate dichocrocis punctiferalis, parasa consocia, small heart-eating peach worm.Winter
Season removes sick branch, deadwood, fallen leaves, and concentration is burnt, and the lime sulfur of 3-5 ° of Be is sprayed, to eliminate wintering pest.1 is sprayed before blooming
The lime sulfur of secondary 3-5 ° of Be.Per half a month sprays the biological pesticide of a preventing disease and pest later.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of cultural method of the soft seed pomegranate in Tunisia, it is characterised in that: this method comprises the following steps:
1) selection in field
Pomegranate is intolerant tree species, is suitable for warm weather conditions；Field selects 1300-1700m of height above sea level, year samming 14 DEG C~19
DEG C, 18.5 DEG C~39 DEG C of growth period temperature, 10 DEG C -14.2 DEG C of dormant period mean temperature, -3 DEG C of absolute minimum temperature, year precipitation
Measure 600~1000mm；Soil layer is deep loose, and pH value control is in 6.5-7.5, in the ranks even cloth gutter, and draining is good, rich in having
Machine matter；It has a good transport service, water condition is good, the sufficient leeward plot on the sunny side of illumination；Soil chooses sandy loam, oily sandy soil or process
Become silted up soil, flood land and canyonside in the mountainous region of improvement；The mountainous region gradient should be less than 20 degree；Pacifically level of ground water is not higher than in flood land
2m；
2) it transplants
2.1) cuttage cultivating seedling is transplanted
Two Ji Junke of spring, autumn is carried out, and site preparation digs cave before transplanting, and uses sufficient base manure；Density: 500 centimetre * 300 of mountainous region garden distance between rows and hills
~400 centimetres, 500 centimetres * 400 centimetres of level land garden；General third annual bearing；Rhizosphere sprout tillers transplanting has been dug into together with root system
It can；
2.2) the soft seed pomegranate transplanting in Tunisia
General nutritious alms bowl nursery and cuttage transplantation of seedlings；The former transplants seedling band bowl-entering soil in 4~May of solar calendar, and cuttage is such as
It is allocated and transported through other places, the time is longer, reveals after branch impregnates 2 one 3 days in clear water plant again immediately；If seedlings are transplanted, cut off before cultivation
Superfluous branch, main branch stay 4~5 centimetres of skill forks；
The fall planting time carries out after fallen leaves；
The soft seed pomegranate plant in Tunisia is using north and south row to sharp ventilation and penetrating light, by fast rapid-result garden requirement, every 1/15 hectare can be planted
200 plants, single plant line-spacing is 150 centimetres * 200 centimetres；Group planting seeding row spacing be 300 centimetres * 350 centimetres, every 1/15 hectare 66 clumps,
3 plants every clump, triangular in shape, southern two north one, 70 centimetres of strain spacing, cave is 60 centimetres or so deep, and 50 centimetres of diameter or so, every cave before planting
10 kilograms of well-rotted farmyard manures are applied, and are transplanted again with 3~5 centimetres of earthing thickness after cave scholar mixing, blinding is steady and sure, sprinkles profoundly water；Its drought
When, it rewaters 1 time after a week；
3) rational close planting
Transplant seeding row spacing 2m × 4m or 2m × 3m, north and south row to；Deep, each 1m of width planting pit is dug by seeding row spacing before planting；It applies in every cave
Farmyard manure 40-50kg and 1kg compound fertilizer backfills after mixing with surface soil, and subsoil is inserted upper layer 10~15cm above ground level；12
The plant last ten-days period to the mid-January moon；Select root system complete, the strong sprout of no disease and pests harm；Nursery stock is planted by the original depth into unfolding root
System, having peace of mind fills permeable, with plastic film overlay tree disk；60~70cm of heading height；1 water was poured every 15~20 days, company pours 2-
3 times；
4) soil fertilizer and water management
Annual winter ploughs deeply soil；Hillside or the soil deep tillage 50-60cm for relatively gluing weight；The deep sandy soil of soil layer is ploughed deeply
30~40cm；Growing season carries out multiple tillage and weeding；Full garden shallow plowing in time after early spring soil thaws, to keep soil moisture, mentions
High soil temperature promotes root system activity；Summer and autumn carries out deep intertillage, prevents soil moisture excessive and poor aeration；
Treelet, firstfruits tree make beans, potato, melon and various vegetables and medicinal material between in the ranks；Between to reserve tree disk when making；
Urea 100g, mid-May, early July and late August Zhu Shi compound fertilizer 150g are applied in the strain of in early March, the 1st after field planting；3
The last ten-days period to the mid-September moon added 0.3%~0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate to spray leaf 1 time every 15 days with 0.3% urea；Root after 2nd year
Locate to dig the cyclic annular dressing furrow of depth 50em, width 60cm according to dripping in tree crown outer rim tree vigo(u)r and the yield annual autumn 9-10 month, agriculture is applied in strain
Family fertilizer 30-50kg；Mid-February, urea 250-300g was applied in strain, thanked to Hua Houzhushi compound fertilizer 250-350g, and sulphur is applied in late May strain
Sour potassium 200-300g；Full-bloom stage sprays 0.3% urea and adds 0.2% borax to improve fruit-setting rate, and Xie Huahou sprayed 1 time every 15 days
0.3% urea adds 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, even spray 3~4 times；
It pours water before annual spring rudiment, promotes neat rudiment, Spring-shoot growth and flower bud development, time urgent；Full-bloom stage
Later it pours water in conjunction with top dressing, promotion young fruit expands and bud differentiation；It pours water before fruit picking, promotes bud differentiation and fruit to increase, be
Next year high yield lays the foundation；Pomegranate tree is afraid of flood, and rainy season is it is noted that drainage waterlogging prevention；Level land Pomegranate Garden drainage trenching drains in time；It is low
Plot of land uses zanjon high ridge orchard establishment, can not only drain, but also can lowering of watertable；Mountainous region Pomegranate Garden will carry out water and soil conservation, accomplish
It can accumulation of energy row；
5) pruning
It is tree-like to use natural open centre shape；High 60cm is done, high 1.5-2m is set, the angle of 3 major branches is 60 degree；Match on each major branch
3~4 side shoots are set, complete set shares 9-12 side shoot, main, configuration 20 or so on side shoot large and medium-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster；Treelet
Trimming mainly expands tree crown as early as possible, cultivates skeleton；Branch cutting back is extended to the periphery of master, side shoot when winter cuts, cuts and stays 40-50em；
Vertical branch, overstocked branch, crossing branch etc. are removed, in favor of ventilation and penetrating light；Summer cuts to improve tree body ventilation and penetrating light condition, improves fruit
For the purpose of quality and promotion bud differentiation；Remove competitive branch, the branch of excessive growth, the back branch on major branch；The young sprout for having space is carried out
The tip is turned round in pinching, and no space removes in time；Band girdle, girdling are carried out to promote flower_bud formation and fruit growth to prosperous branch；Bearing-age tree
Weak branch is dredged when winter cuts and stays enriching shoot, removes close crowded branch, the useless branch of excessive growth, crossing branch, sick branch, keeps having more effective knot in hat
Fruit position；To perennial descending branch, thin and delicate tediously long branch and aging fruit-bearing shoot cluster in being preced with, good bifurcation is retracted to, and pay attention to lifting
Branches of tall trees brilliance degree, enhances its growth potential；
6) flower and fruit management
To improve fruit-setting rate, the urea of full-bloom stage spray 0.3% adds 0.2% borax；Trumpet flower and tubular flower can be recognized after buddingging
When, horn-like flower is removed as early as possible, was dredged 1 time every 10 days, and dredges and removes all the 3rd batch of flowers, carries out fruit thinning, Mei Gehua after physiological fallen fruit
Sequence stays 1 fruit, fruit spacing 25em, leaf-fruit ratio 40:1；Thorax and middle lower layer will stay more in tree crown dredges less, and tree crown periphery and upper layer are dredged more
It stays less；Wang Shu is stayed more, weak tree stays less；Lower ghlory flower stays more, and back fruit stays less or do not stay；Late May once sterilizes young fruit spray, kills
After worm agent, fruit bagging is carried out；Early September, fruit remove fruit bag, promote colouring when closely mature；
7) physiological fallen fruit is prevented
The soft seed pomegranate in Tunisia respectively sprays 1 time 0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, then favorably in squaring period, young fruit period and fruit color phase
In preventing physiological fallen fruit, increase fruit colour and sugar content, improves fruit quality；
8) dehiscent fruit is prevented
Pericarpium granati and pomegranate seed are asynchronous to late growth, and later period fruit expands rapidly, and the pericarp later period is due to growth speed
Degree is not caught up with and pericarp aging, ductility are bad；It is squirted by blade face, pericarpium granati supplementing calcium element is given, to reach anti-crack arrest
Fruit；
9) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
Main diseases and insect pests have pomegranate dry rot, early defoliation disease, dead-arm, pomegranate dichocrocis punctiferalis, parasa consocia, small heart-eating peach worm；Winter
Season removes sick branch, deadwood, fallen leaves, and concentration is burnt, and the lime sulfur of 3-5 ° of Be is sprayed, to eliminate wintering pest；1 is sprayed before blooming
The lime sulfur of secondary 3-5 ° of Be；Per half a month sprays the biological pesticide of a preventing disease and pest later.
2. the cultural method of the soft seed pomegranate in Tunisia as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step 1 and the described 2nd
Between step the following steps are included:
Sapling breeding:
Soft seed pomegranate can be bred with the methods of sowing, cuttage, press strip, plant division, grafting in Tunisia, but be produced upper general common
Vegetative propagation, i.e. cutting propagation；Method is to be selected in high yield before germination in 2~March of spring and set the annual healthy and strong, ash of interior thorax clip
White branch, 30 centimetres of every segment length, for oblique cutting on whole good seedbed, embedded depth is 20 centimetres or so, covers fine earth having peace of mind and is watered with
Water pays attention to moisturizing, can take root soon, cultivates 1 year, second year transplanting.
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Cited By (6)
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| CN110476690A (en) * | 2019-08-13 | 2019-11-22 | 王和绥 | A kind of Huaiyuan pomegranate cultural method |
| CN110915449A (en) * | 2019-11-22 | 2020-03-27 | 樊江 | Grafting method for soft-seed pomegranate |
| CN111066507A (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2020-04-28 | 石林石海农业产业开发有限公司 | Planting method of soft-seed pomegranate |
| CN112119826A (en) * | 2020-09-27 | 2020-12-25 | 河南农业大学 | Winter planting method for Tuniss soft-seed pomegranate |
| CN113133375A (en) * | 2021-04-23 | 2021-07-20 | 大理义荣农业科技有限公司 | Three-dimensional ecological soft seed pomegranate planting method |
| CN116391549A (en) * | 2023-06-09 | 2023-07-07 | 海南省丹若农业有限责任公司 | Method for preventing and treating solar disease of tropical soft-seed pomegranates |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110476690A (en) * | 2019-08-13 | 2019-11-22 | 王和绥 | A kind of Huaiyuan pomegranate cultural method |
| CN110915449A (en) * | 2019-11-22 | 2020-03-27 | 樊江 | Grafting method for soft-seed pomegranate |
| CN111066507A (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2020-04-28 | 石林石海农业产业开发有限公司 | Planting method of soft-seed pomegranate |
| CN112119826A (en) * | 2020-09-27 | 2020-12-25 | 河南农业大学 | Winter planting method for Tuniss soft-seed pomegranate |
| CN112119826B (en) * | 2020-09-27 | 2022-04-19 | 河南农业大学 | Winter planting method for Tuniss soft-seed pomegranate |
| CN113133375A (en) * | 2021-04-23 | 2021-07-20 | 大理义荣农业科技有限公司 | Three-dimensional ecological soft seed pomegranate planting method |
| CN116391549A (en) * | 2023-06-09 | 2023-07-07 | 海南省丹若农业有限责任公司 | Method for preventing and treating solar disease of tropical soft-seed pomegranates |
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