CN113133375A - Three-dimensional ecological soft seed pomegranate planting method - Google Patents
Three-dimensional ecological soft seed pomegranate planting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113133375A CN113133375A CN202110441867.0A CN202110441867A CN113133375A CN 113133375 A CN113133375 A CN 113133375A CN 202110441867 A CN202110441867 A CN 202110441867A CN 113133375 A CN113133375 A CN 113133375A
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- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
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- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 21
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- 241000332371 Abutilon x hybridum Species 0.000 claims description 6
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- ZSBXGIUJOOQZMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isomatrine Natural products C1CCC2CN3C(=O)CCCC3C3C2N1CCC3 ZSBXGIUJOOQZMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
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- 230000002528 anti-freeze Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 235000021028 berry Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/90—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N61/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing substances of unknown or undetermined composition, e.g. substances characterised only by the mode of action
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/06—Coniferophyta [gymnosperms], e.g. cypress
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/24—Lauraceae [Laurel family], e.g. laurel, avocado, sassafras, cinnamon or camphor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/36—Rutaceae [Rue family], e.g. lime, orange, lemon, corktree or pricklyash
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
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- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
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Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Natural Medicines & Medicinal Plants (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a three-dimensional ecological soft seed pomegranate planting method, which specifically comprises the following steps: 1) trimming a garden and preparing land, 2) field planting, 3) planting management, and 4) harvesting, the method can ensure good fruit shape and quality consistency, and is favorable for controlling the stability of fruit output; the method also improves the sugar content of the fruits, reduces the acid content and effectively improves the vitamin C content, and the method can also effectively improve the survival rate of plants planted in the same year and reduce the incidence rate of diseases and insect pests.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of planting, in particular to a method for planting stereoscopic ecological soft-seed pomegranates.
Background
Pomegranate is a berry, and has gorgeous fruit color, crystal-clear grain, sweet and juicy taste, cool and refreshing taste and high nutritive value. The pomegranate has a flowering period of several months, is red like fire, is bright outside, is unique in wind, can integrate eating and ornamental value, and is wide in adaptability, strong in disease resistance and easy to cultivate. Therefore, pomegranate is a popular fruit tree variety at present.
At present, the seed pomegranate planted by the existing planting technology generally has low fruit yield, the stone fruit is unstable, for example, the sizes of the fruits inside and outside and above and below the plant are different, even some fruits have sour taste and have the defect of poor flavor;
at present, in the planting process of the existing pomegranate trees, in the first years of pomegranate planting, in order to utilize space and sunlight to a greater extent, crops such as corn, potatoes and the like are generally interplanted among rows for planting the pomegranate trees so as to improve the land utilization rate and nutrients, but because the existing interplanting technology is imperfect and the interplanted varieties are unreasonable, the interplanting technology of the pomegranate trees does not have good ecological benefit and economic benefit, and even wins for nourishment with the pomegranate trees, so that the problem of quality reduction of the pomegranate trees occurs.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a three-dimensional ecological soft seed pomegranate planting method.
The scheme of the invention is as follows:
a three-dimensional ecological soft seed pomegranate planting method specifically comprises the following steps:
1) the method comprises the following steps of (1) repairing a garden and preparing a land, wherein a fertile soil with better illumination and irrigation conditions is preferably selected for the planting land, the selected land is arranged in autumn of the previous year, the land is subjected to deep ploughing, a biological sterilizing agent is sprayed, then deep ploughing is carried out for the second time with great care, a biological organic fertilizer is sprayed after the deep ploughing is finished, auxiliary protective particles are added, the land is leveled, a protective film is covered, a maintenance culture solution is sprayed on the protective film every other month, and then the protective film is covered until the planting is finished;
2) planting, planting soft-seed pomegranates in march of the next year, planting according to the south and north directions, and digging planting holes according to the plant rows by 3 multiplied by 7 m; selecting high-quality strong seedlings with complete root systems, placing the strong seedlings into planting holes, stretching the root systems gently, treading on solid water for root fixing after planting, sealing tree trays, carrying out fine tillage on the planting ground, which is 0.2-0.35 m away from the periphery of the soft-seed pomegranate seedlings, after the soft-seed pomegranate seedlings are rooted for 5-10 days, excavating breeding holes, wherein the row spacing of the breeding holes is 10-30 cm, the row spacing of the breeding holes is 70-80 cm, placing woven rattan baskets in the breeding holes, filling soil and fertilizers in the woven rattan baskets, planting mint seedlings in the woven rattan baskets, and watering the mint seedlings; planting buckwheat 15-20 days after the mint seedlings are planted, deeply digging a planting ditch between two lines of mint seedlings, wherein the depth of the planting ditch is 4-5 cm, watering soil at the bottom of the planting ditch to enable the water content of the soil to be more than or equal to 25%, then fertilizing, sowing buckwheat, and directly covering soil to bury the planting ditch; ridging is carried out on two sides of the planting ditch, and the height of each ridge is 15-20 cm;
3) planting management, namely regularly trimming soft-seed pomegranates, managing fertilizer and water, managing flowers and fruits, carrying out heat preservation treatment at the temperature lower than-5 ℃ in winter, and preventing and treating diseases; after the mint and the buckwheat are sown, the emergence of seedlings is 30-40 days, and organic fertilizer liquid is applied to each mu;
4) harvesting, namely harvesting soft-seed pomegranates, mint and buckwheat in a conventional mode, performing reseeding according to the step 2) after harvesting the mint, reserving stubbles of the harvested buckwheat until spring beginning in the next year, performing deep ploughing and cleaning, and performing reseeding according to the step 2).
According to a preferable technical scheme, the biological sterilizing agent comprises 4-5 parts of parasitic loranthus, 4-5 parts of pine twigs, 4-5 parts of dictamnus dasycarpus, 1-3 parts of cassia twig, 8-12 parts of cynanchum paniculatum, 3-5 parts of a disinfectant, 10-25 parts of a matrine extract and 150-190 parts of water.
As a preferred technical scheme, the auxiliary protection particle material comprises 8-12 parts of diatomite, 3-8 parts of animal protein fiber, 30-50 parts of sandy loam and 15-25 parts of sludge by mixing.
According to the preferable technical scheme, the maintenance culture solution comprises 60-70 parts of microorganism nutrient solution, 10-14 parts of soil probiotics, 20-30 parts of humic acid and 10-14 parts of sucrase.
As a preferable technical scheme, the step 3) of pruning the soft-seed pomegranate comprises the steps of preserving all branches and leaves in the first year, cultivating trees and roots, and promoting growth, wherein pruning is not needed; in the second year, shaping and pruning the young trees, wherein 1-2 main branches can be cultured in each pomegranate tree; and (3) initial fruiting of fruit trees: culturing nutrient branches with proper positions and strong growth vigor on two sides of a main branch into lateral branches or fruiting branch groups, thinning or modifying bare-grown branches and tiller shoots into fruiting branch groups, slowly releasing the nutrient branches with moderate growth vigor to promote flowering and fruiting, slightly retracting and rejuvenating perennial branches with weak growth vigor, and mainly trimming and thinning; the method comprises the following steps of (1) updating fruiting branch groups of trees in full bearing period, properly retracting branch groups with overlong branch shafts and reduced fruiting capacity and side branches with weak growth vigor, thinning and removing dry insect branches, weak branches, slender branches and sprout tillers, culturing robust fruiting branch groups mainly comprising medium and small branches, leaving spring tips in key points, leaving summer tips in proper points, and erasing autumn tips;
the fertilizer water management in the step 3) comprises base fertilizer, additional fertilizer in a growth period and water, wherein the organic fertilizer in the base fertilizer is mainly used as an organic fertilizer, a balanced compound fertilizer and a medium trace element fertilizer are used as auxiliary materials, and the base fertilizer is deeply turned over and applied after leaves fall; before the first blossom, the additional fertilizer in the growing period is mainly nitrogen fertilizer, and the biological stimulant can be directly applied by spraying the phosphorus fertilizer in a proper matching way, so that the flower buds are promoted to grow regularly, and the fruit setting rate is improved; in the second time from the flowering season to the young fruit expansion period, nitrogen and phosphorus are mainly used, potassium fertilizer and medium and trace amounts of calcium, magnesium, boron and the like are applied, and foliar fertilizer is sprayed for 1-2 times, so that the fruit setting rate is improved, and the fruit expansion is promoted; in the fruit maturation period for the third time, the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is mainly used, and foliage fertilizer is sprayed for 1-2 times, so that the coloring and the expansion of the fruits can be promoted, the flower bud differentiation is promoted, and the cold-resistant overwintering capability of the tree body is improved; the water supplement comprises the steps of spraying water after fertilization every time, watering frozen water once after defoliation in autumn before soil freezing, and watering water once before germination in spring; in the growing period, according to the weather condition and the growth condition of the soft seed pomegranate tree body, the water balance is kept, and drought and waterlogging are prevented;
the flower and fruit management in the step 3) comprises flower promoting, flower thinning, fruit thinning and fruit preservation, and when flower promoting is flower buds appearing initially, the flower promoting effect on girdling/girdling of fruit skeleton branches is good; in rainy areas in south, paclobutrazol can be sprayed after leaf spreading in spring, although the fruit setting rate is slightly reduced, the number of complete flowers is obviously increased, and finally the fruit setting number is increased; the thinning flower is soft seed pomegranate flower with large amount and can be divided into cylindrical flower and bell flower, and the cylindrical flower is normal flower and is mostly appeared in the first stubble flower; the bell-shaped flowers are incomplete flowers, most of the bell-shaped flowers appear in the 3 rd-batch flowers, the fruits cannot be grown, and the bell-shaped flowers should be removed in time at the initial flowering stage; the fruit preservation is to spray fertilizer on the leaf surface of the flowering phase, pollinate artificially and release bees; spraying a mixture of 10-20 mg/L gibberellin and a foliar fertilizer in a flowering stage and a young fruit stage; the fruit thinning adopts a method of reserving flowers and fruits with more heads, selecting and reserving secondary fruits and thinning and removing tertiary fruits; removing pest and disease damage, double fruits, small fruits, late flowers and fruits, small fruits and the like in time; besides the prevention of the timely medication, the management of daily fertilization, watering and pruning is required.
According to the preferable technical scheme, the organic fertilizer liquid comprises 10-20 kg of sterilized excrement water and 1-2 kg of urea mixed with 100-200 kg of water.
As a preferable technical scheme, in the heat preservation treatment in the step 3), the trunk of the soft seed pomegranate is coated with the cold-proof protection liquid, then the trunk of the soft seed pomegranate is wrapped with the heat preservation layer, and the ground of the soft seed pomegranate is paved with the heat preservation film.
As a preferred technical scheme, the cold-proof protection liquid comprises paraffin, vegetable oil, polybutene, potassium fulvate, citric acid, ginger extract, edible gum, short fibers, nano titanium dioxide and fermented tea leaves.
According to the preferable technical scheme, the feeding ratio of the paraffin, the vegetable oil, the polybutene, the potassium fulvate, the citric acid, the ginger extract, the edible gum, the short fibers, the nano titanium dioxide and the fermented tea leaves is 3-6: 10-12: 1-2: 3-5: 1-5: 3-7: 15-24: 30-55: 14-18: 1-2.
As a preferred technical scheme, the heat-insulating layer is a linen heat-insulating layer.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the method for planting the stereoscopic ecological soft-seed pomegranates specifically comprises the following steps:
1) the method comprises the following steps of (1) repairing a garden and preparing a land, wherein a fertile soil with better illumination and irrigation conditions is preferably selected for the planting land, the selected land is arranged in autumn of the previous year, the land is subjected to deep ploughing, a biological sterilizing agent is sprayed, then deep ploughing is carried out for the second time with great care, a biological organic fertilizer is sprayed after the deep ploughing is finished, auxiliary protective particles are added, the land is leveled, a protective film is covered, a maintenance culture solution is sprayed on the protective film every other month, and then the protective film is covered until the planting is finished;
2) planting, planting soft-seed pomegranates in march of the next year, planting according to the south and north directions, and digging planting holes according to the plant rows by 3 multiplied by 7 m; selecting high-quality strong seedlings with complete root systems, placing the strong seedlings into planting holes, stretching the root systems gently, treading on solid water for root fixing after planting, sealing tree trays, carrying out fine tillage on the planting ground, which is 0.2-0.35 m away from the periphery of the soft-seed pomegranate seedlings, after the soft-seed pomegranate seedlings are rooted for 5-10 days, excavating breeding holes, wherein the row spacing of the breeding holes is 10-30 cm, the row spacing of the breeding holes is 70-80 cm, placing woven rattan baskets in the breeding holes, filling soil and fertilizers in the woven rattan baskets, planting mint seedlings in the woven rattan baskets, and watering the mint seedlings; planting buckwheat 15-20 days after the mint seedlings are planted, deeply digging a planting ditch between two lines of mint seedlings, wherein the depth of the planting ditch is 4-5 cm, watering soil at the bottom of the planting ditch to enable the water content of the soil to be more than or equal to 25%, then fertilizing, sowing buckwheat, and directly covering soil to bury the planting ditch; ridging is carried out on two sides of the planting ditch, and the height of each ridge is 15-20 cm;
3) planting management, namely regularly trimming soft-seed pomegranates, managing fertilizer and water, managing flowers and fruits, carrying out heat preservation treatment at the temperature lower than-5 ℃ in winter, and preventing and treating diseases; after the mint and the buckwheat are sown, the emergence of seedlings is 30-40 days, and organic fertilizer liquid is applied to each mu;
4) harvesting, namely harvesting soft-seed pomegranates, mint and buckwheat in a conventional mode, performing reseeding according to the step 2) after harvesting the mint, reserving stubbles of the harvested buckwheat until spring beginning in the next year, performing deep ploughing and cleaning, and performing reseeding according to the step 2).
THE ADVANTAGES OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
The method can ensure the high consistency of the shape and the quality of the fruits, and is beneficial to controlling the stability of the fruit output; the method of the invention also has the functions of promoting the growth and development of plants, strengthening the plants, improving the yield and quality of fruits, improving the sugar content of the fruits, reducing the acid content and effectively improving the vitamin C content, and can also effectively improve the survival rate of plants planted in the same year, and reduce the incidence rate of diseases and insect pests.
According to the three-dimensional cultivation method, habits and required conditions of the soft seed pomegranate, the buckwheat and the mint at corresponding growth stages are fully utilized under the condition of following the planting characteristics of the soft seed pomegranate, the soft seed pomegranate has the characteristics of high survival rate and fast growth, although the soft seed pomegranate needs to be planted for 2-3 years earlier to bear fruits and the economic benefit is slow to take effect, the pomegranate tree can provide good light shading effect for the buckwheat and the mint, and the buckwheat and the mint can effectively inhibit plant diseases and insect pests, so that the pomegranate tree is prevented from being invaded by the plant diseases and insect pests, and a mutual and mutual benefit relationship is formed; and the root secretion of buckwheat can play the effect of good prevention and control to pomegranate root rot to the root system of buckwheat has good heat preservation effect, can effectually keep warm to pomegranate planting soil, and the smell that mint gived off can expel the borer etc. in addition, and the suppression insect pest takes place, has formed good ecology, has improved economic benefits.
Detailed Description
In order to make up for the above deficiencies, the invention provides a three-dimensional ecological soft seed pomegranate planting method to solve the problems in the background art.
A three-dimensional ecological soft seed pomegranate planting method specifically comprises the following steps:
1) the method comprises the following steps of (1) repairing a garden and preparing a land, wherein a fertile soil with better illumination and irrigation conditions is preferably selected for the planting land, the selected land is arranged in autumn of the previous year, the land is subjected to deep ploughing, a biological sterilizing agent is sprayed, then deep ploughing is carried out for the second time with great care, a biological organic fertilizer is sprayed after the deep ploughing is finished, auxiliary protective particles are added, the land is leveled, a protective film is covered, a maintenance culture solution is sprayed on the protective film every other month, and then the protective film is covered until the planting is finished;
2) planting, planting soft-seed pomegranates in march of the next year, planting according to the south and north directions, and digging planting holes according to the plant rows by 3 multiplied by 7 m; selecting high-quality strong seedlings with complete root systems, placing the strong seedlings into planting holes, stretching the root systems gently, treading on solid water for root fixing after planting, sealing tree trays, carrying out fine tillage on the planting ground, which is 0.2-0.35 m away from the periphery of the soft-seed pomegranate seedlings, after the soft-seed pomegranate seedlings are rooted for 5-10 days, excavating breeding holes, wherein the row spacing of the breeding holes is 10-30 cm, the row spacing of the breeding holes is 70-80 cm, placing woven rattan baskets in the breeding holes, filling soil and fertilizers in the woven rattan baskets, planting mint seedlings in the woven rattan baskets, and watering the mint seedlings; planting buckwheat 15-20 days after the mint seedlings are planted, deeply digging a planting ditch between two lines of mint seedlings, wherein the depth of the planting ditch is 4-5 cm, watering soil at the bottom of the planting ditch to enable the water content of the soil to be more than or equal to 25%, then fertilizing, sowing buckwheat, and directly covering soil to bury the planting ditch; ridging is carried out on two sides of the planting ditch, and the height of each ridge is 15-20 cm;
3) planting management, namely regularly trimming soft-seed pomegranates, managing fertilizer and water, managing flowers and fruits, carrying out heat preservation treatment at the temperature lower than-5 ℃ in winter, and preventing and treating diseases; after the mint and the buckwheat are sown, the emergence of seedlings is 30-40 days, and organic fertilizer liquid is applied to each mu;
4) harvesting, namely harvesting soft-seed pomegranates, mint and buckwheat in a conventional mode, performing reseeding according to the step 2) after harvesting the mint, reserving stubbles of the harvested buckwheat until spring beginning in the next year, performing deep ploughing and cleaning, and performing reseeding according to the step 2).
The biological sterilizing agent comprises 4-5 parts of parasitic loranthus, 4-5 parts of pine branches, 4-5 parts of dictamnus dasycarpus, 1-3 parts of cassia twig, 8-12 parts of cynanchum paniculatum, 3-5 parts of a disinfectant, 10-25 parts of a matrine extract and 150-190 parts of water.
The auxiliary protection particle material comprises 8-12 parts of diatomite, 3-8 parts of animal protein fiber, 30-50 parts of sandy soil and 15-25 parts of silt.
The maintenance culture solution comprises 60-70 parts of microorganism nutrient solution, 10-14 parts of soil probiotics, 20-30 parts of humic acid and 10-14 parts of sucrase.
The step 3) of pruning the soft-seed pomegranate comprises the following steps of in the first year, keeping all branches and leaves, cultivating trees and roots, and promoting growth, wherein pruning is not needed; in the second year, shaping and pruning the young trees, wherein 1-2 main branches can be cultured in each pomegranate tree; and (3) initial fruiting of fruit trees: culturing nutrient branches with proper positions and strong growth vigor on two sides of a main branch into lateral branches or fruiting branch groups, thinning or modifying bare-grown branches and tiller shoots into fruiting branch groups, slowly releasing the nutrient branches with moderate growth vigor to promote flowering and fruiting, slightly retracting and rejuvenating perennial branches with weak growth vigor, and mainly trimming and thinning; the method comprises the following steps of (1) updating fruiting branch groups of trees in full bearing period, properly retracting branch groups with overlong branch shafts and reduced fruiting capacity and side branches with weak growth vigor, thinning and removing dry insect branches, weak branches, slender branches and sprout tillers, culturing robust fruiting branch groups mainly comprising medium and small branches, leaving spring tips in key points, leaving summer tips in proper points, and erasing autumn tips;
the fertilizer water management in the step 3) comprises base fertilizer, additional fertilizer in a growth period and water, wherein the organic fertilizer in the base fertilizer is mainly used as an organic fertilizer, a balanced compound fertilizer and a medium trace element fertilizer are used as auxiliary materials, and the base fertilizer is deeply turned over and applied after leaves fall; before the first blossom, the additional fertilizer in the growing period is mainly nitrogen fertilizer, and the biological stimulant can be directly applied by spraying the phosphorus fertilizer in a proper matching way, so that the flower buds are promoted to grow regularly, and the fruit setting rate is improved; in the second time from the flowering season to the young fruit expansion period, nitrogen and phosphorus are mainly used, potassium fertilizer and medium and trace amounts of calcium, magnesium, boron and the like are applied, and foliar fertilizer is sprayed for 1-2 times, so that the fruit setting rate is improved, and the fruit expansion is promoted; in the fruit maturation period for the third time, the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is mainly used, and foliage fertilizer is sprayed for 1-2 times, so that the coloring and the expansion of the fruits can be promoted, the flower bud differentiation is promoted, and the cold-resistant overwintering capability of the tree body is improved; the water supplement comprises the steps of spraying water after fertilization every time, watering frozen water once after defoliation in autumn before soil freezing, and watering water once before germination in spring; in the growing period, according to the weather condition and the growth condition of the soft seed pomegranate tree body, the water balance is kept, and drought and waterlogging are prevented;
the flower and fruit management in the step 3) comprises flower promoting, flower thinning, fruit thinning and fruit preservation, and when flower promoting is flower buds appearing initially, the flower promoting effect on girdling/girdling of fruit skeleton branches is good; in rainy areas in south, paclobutrazol can be sprayed after leaf spreading in spring, although the fruit setting rate is slightly reduced, the number of complete flowers is obviously increased, and finally the fruit setting number is increased; the thinning flower is soft seed pomegranate flower with large amount and can be divided into cylindrical flower and bell flower, and the cylindrical flower is normal flower and is mostly appeared in the first stubble flower; the bell-shaped flowers are incomplete flowers, most of the bell-shaped flowers appear in the 3 rd-batch flowers, the fruits cannot be grown, and the bell-shaped flowers should be removed in time at the initial flowering stage; the fruit preservation is to spray fertilizer on the leaf surface of the flowering phase, pollinate artificially and release bees; spraying a mixture of 10-20 mg/L gibberellin and a foliar fertilizer in a flowering stage and a young fruit stage; the fruit thinning adopts a method of reserving flowers and fruits with more heads, selecting and reserving secondary fruits and thinning and removing tertiary fruits; removing pest and disease damage, double fruits, small fruits, late flowers and fruits, small fruits and the like in time; besides the prevention of the timely medication, the management of daily fertilization, watering and pruning is required.
The organic fertilizer liquid comprises 10-20 kg of sterilized excrement water and 1-2 kg of urea mixed with 100-200 kg of water.
And in the step 3), the thermal insulation treatment is to coat a cold-proof protective solution on the trunk of the soft seed pomegranate, then wrap a thermal insulation layer on the trunk of the soft seed pomegranate, and lay a thermal insulation film on the ground of the soft seed pomegranate.
The cold-proof protection liquid comprises paraffin, vegetable oil, polybutene, potassium fulvate, citric acid, ginger extract, edible gum, short fibers, nano titanium dioxide and fermented tea residues.
The feeding ratio of the paraffin, the vegetable oil, the polybutene, the potassium fulvate, the citric acid, the ginger extract, the edible gum, the short fibers, the nano titanium dioxide and the fermented tea residues is 3-6: 10-12: 1-2: 3-5: 1-5: 3-7: 15-24: 30-55: 14-18: 1-2.
The heat-insulating layer is a linen heat-insulating layer.
In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with the specific embodiments.
Example 1:
1) the method comprises the following steps of (1) repairing a garden and preparing a land, wherein a fertile soil with better illumination and irrigation conditions is preferably selected for the planting land, the selected land is arranged in autumn of the previous year, the land is subjected to deep ploughing, a biological sterilizing agent is sprayed, then deep ploughing is carried out for the second time with great care, a biological organic fertilizer is sprayed after the deep ploughing is finished, auxiliary protective particles are added, the land is leveled, a protective film is covered, a maintenance culture solution is sprayed on the protective film every other month, and then the protective film is covered until the planting is finished;
2) planting, planting soft-seed pomegranates in march of the next year, planting according to the south and north directions, and digging planting holes according to the plant rows by 3 multiplied by 7 m; selecting high-quality strong seedlings with complete root systems, placing the strong seedlings into planting holes, stretching the root systems gently, treading on solid water for root fixing after planting, sealing tree trays, carrying out fine tillage on the planting ground, which is 0.2-0.35 m away from the periphery of the soft-seed pomegranate seedlings, after the soft-seed pomegranate seedlings are rooted for 5-10 days, excavating breeding holes, wherein the row spacing of the breeding holes is 10-30 cm, the row spacing of the breeding holes is 70-80 cm, placing woven rattan baskets in the breeding holes, filling soil and fertilizers in the woven rattan baskets, planting mint seedlings in the woven rattan baskets, and watering the mint seedlings; planting buckwheat 15-20 days after the mint seedlings are planted, deeply digging a planting ditch between two lines of mint seedlings, wherein the depth of the planting ditch is 4-5 cm, watering soil at the bottom of the planting ditch to enable the water content of the soil to be more than or equal to 25%, then fertilizing, sowing buckwheat, and directly covering soil to bury the planting ditch; ridging is carried out on two sides of the planting ditch, and the height of each ridge is 15-20 cm;
3) planting management, namely regularly trimming soft-seed pomegranates, managing fertilizer and water, managing flowers and fruits, carrying out heat preservation treatment at the temperature lower than-5 ℃ in winter, and preventing and treating diseases; after the mint and the buckwheat are sown, the emergence of seedlings is 30-40 days, and organic fertilizer liquid is applied to each mu;
4) harvesting, namely harvesting soft-seed pomegranates, mint and buckwheat in a conventional mode, performing reseeding according to the step 2) after harvesting the mint, reserving stubbles of the harvested buckwheat until spring beginning in the next year, performing deep ploughing and cleaning, and performing reseeding according to the step 2).
The biological sterilizing agent comprises 4 parts of parasitic loranthus, 4 parts of pine branches, 4 parts of dictamnus dasycarpus, 1 part of cassia twig, 8 parts of cynanchum paniculatum, 3 parts of disinfectant, 10 parts of matrine extract and 150 parts of water.
The auxiliary protection particle material comprises 8 parts of diatomite, 3 parts of animal protein fiber, sandy loam and sludge which are mixed.
The maintenance culture solution comprises 60 parts of microbial nutrient solution, 10 parts of soil probiotics, 20 parts of humic acid and 10 parts of sucrase.
The step 3) of pruning the soft-seed pomegranate comprises the following steps of in the first year, keeping all branches and leaves, cultivating trees and roots, and promoting growth, wherein pruning is not needed; in the second year, shaping and pruning the young trees, wherein 1-2 main branches can be cultured in each pomegranate tree; and (3) initial fruiting of fruit trees: culturing nutrient branches with proper positions and strong growth vigor on two sides of a main branch into lateral branches or fruiting branch groups, thinning or modifying bare-grown branches and tiller shoots into fruiting branch groups, slowly releasing the nutrient branches with moderate growth vigor to promote flowering and fruiting, slightly retracting and rejuvenating perennial branches with weak growth vigor, and mainly trimming and thinning; the method comprises the following steps of (1) updating fruiting branch groups of trees in full bearing period, properly retracting branch groups with overlong branch shafts and reduced fruiting capacity and side branches with weak growth vigor, thinning and removing dry insect branches, weak branches, slender branches and sprout tillers, culturing robust fruiting branch groups mainly comprising medium and small branches, leaving spring tips in key points, leaving summer tips in proper points, and erasing autumn tips;
the fertilizer water management in the step 3) comprises base fertilizer, additional fertilizer in a growth period and water, wherein the organic fertilizer in the base fertilizer is mainly used as an organic fertilizer, a balanced compound fertilizer and a medium trace element fertilizer are used as auxiliary materials, and the base fertilizer is deeply turned over and applied after leaves fall; before the first blossom, the additional fertilizer in the growing period is mainly nitrogen fertilizer, and the biological stimulant can be directly applied by spraying the phosphorus fertilizer in a proper matching way, so that the flower buds are promoted to grow regularly, and the fruit setting rate is improved; in the second time from the flowering season to the young fruit expansion period, nitrogen and phosphorus are mainly used, potassium fertilizer and medium and trace amounts of calcium, magnesium, boron and the like are applied, and foliar fertilizer is sprayed for 1-2 times, so that the fruit setting rate is improved, and the fruit expansion is promoted; in the fruit maturation period for the third time, the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is mainly used, and foliage fertilizer is sprayed for 1-2 times, so that the coloring and the expansion of the fruits can be promoted, the flower bud differentiation is promoted, and the cold-resistant overwintering capability of the tree body is improved; the water supplement comprises the steps of spraying water after fertilization every time, watering frozen water once after defoliation in autumn before soil freezing, and watering water once before germination in spring; in the growing period, according to the weather condition and the growth condition of the soft seed pomegranate tree body, the water balance is kept, and drought and waterlogging are prevented;
the flower and fruit management in the step 3) comprises flower promoting, flower thinning, fruit thinning and fruit preservation, and when flower promoting is flower buds appearing initially, the flower promoting effect on girdling/girdling of fruit skeleton branches is good; in rainy areas in south, paclobutrazol can be sprayed after leaf spreading in spring, although the fruit setting rate is slightly reduced, the number of complete flowers is obviously increased, and finally the fruit setting number is increased; the thinning flower is soft seed pomegranate flower with large amount and can be divided into cylindrical flower and bell flower, and the cylindrical flower is normal flower and is mostly appeared in the first stubble flower; the bell-shaped flowers are incomplete flowers, most of the bell-shaped flowers appear in the 3 rd-batch flowers, the fruits cannot be grown, and the bell-shaped flowers should be removed in time at the initial flowering stage; the fruit preservation is to spray fertilizer on the leaf surface of the flowering phase, pollinate artificially and release bees; spraying a mixture of 10-20 mg/L gibberellin and a foliar fertilizer in a flowering stage and a young fruit stage; the fruit thinning adopts a method of reserving flowers and fruits with more heads, selecting and reserving secondary fruits and thinning and removing tertiary fruits; removing pest and disease damage, double fruits, small fruits, late flowers and fruits, small fruits and the like in time; besides the prevention of the timely medication, the management of daily fertilization, watering and pruning is required.
The organic fertilizer liquid comprises 10kg of sterilized excrement water and 1kg of urea mixed with 100kg of water.
And in the step 3), the thermal insulation treatment is to coat a cold-proof protective solution on the trunk of the soft seed pomegranate, then wrap a thermal insulation layer on the trunk of the soft seed pomegranate, and lay a thermal insulation film on the ground of the soft seed pomegranate.
The cold-proof protection liquid comprises paraffin, vegetable oil, polybutene, potassium fulvate, citric acid, ginger extract, edible gum, short fibers, nano titanium dioxide and fermented tea residues.
The feed ratio of the paraffin, the vegetable oil, the polybutene, the potassium fulvate, the citric acid, the ginger extract, the edible gum, the short fiber, the nano titanium dioxide and the fermented tea residue is 3: 10: 1:3: 1: 3: 15: 30:14:1.
The heat-insulating layer is a linen heat-insulating layer.
Example 2:
1) the method comprises the following steps of (1) repairing a garden and preparing a land, wherein a fertile soil with better illumination and irrigation conditions is preferably selected for the planting land, the selected land is arranged in autumn of the previous year, the land is subjected to deep ploughing, a biological sterilizing agent is sprayed, then deep ploughing is carried out for the second time with great care, a biological organic fertilizer is sprayed after the deep ploughing is finished, auxiliary protective particles are added, the land is leveled, a protective film is covered, a maintenance culture solution is sprayed on the protective film every other month, and then the protective film is covered until the planting is finished;
2) planting, planting soft-seed pomegranates in march of the next year, planting according to the south and north directions, and digging planting holes according to the plant rows by 3 multiplied by 7 m; selecting high-quality strong seedlings with complete root systems, placing the strong seedlings into planting holes, stretching the root systems gently, treading on solid water for root fixing after planting, sealing tree trays, carrying out fine tillage on the planting ground, which is 0.2-0.35 m away from the periphery of the soft-seed pomegranate seedlings, after the soft-seed pomegranate seedlings are rooted for 5-10 days, excavating breeding holes, wherein the row spacing of the breeding holes is 10-30 cm, the row spacing of the breeding holes is 70-80 cm, placing woven rattan baskets in the breeding holes, filling soil and fertilizers in the woven rattan baskets, planting mint seedlings in the woven rattan baskets, and watering the mint seedlings; planting buckwheat 15-20 days after the mint seedlings are planted, deeply digging a planting ditch between two lines of mint seedlings, wherein the depth of the planting ditch is 4-5 cm, watering soil at the bottom of the planting ditch to enable the water content of the soil to be more than or equal to 25%, then fertilizing, sowing buckwheat, and directly covering soil to bury the planting ditch; ridging is carried out on two sides of the planting ditch, and the height of each ridge is 15-20 cm;
3) planting management, namely regularly trimming soft-seed pomegranates, managing fertilizer and water, managing flowers and fruits, carrying out heat preservation treatment at the temperature lower than-5 ℃ in winter, and preventing and treating diseases; after the mint and the buckwheat are sown, the emergence of seedlings is 30-40 days, and organic fertilizer liquid is applied to each mu;
4) harvesting, namely harvesting soft-seed pomegranates, mint and buckwheat in a conventional mode, performing reseeding according to the step 2) after harvesting the mint, reserving stubbles of the harvested buckwheat until spring beginning in the next year, performing deep ploughing and cleaning, and performing reseeding according to the step 2).
The biological sterilizing agent comprises 5 parts of parasitic loranthus, 5 parts of pine branches, 5 parts of dictamnus dasycarpus, 3 parts of cassia twig, 12 parts of cynanchum paniculatum, 5 parts of disinfectant, 25 parts of matrine extract and 190 parts of water.
The auxiliary protection particle material comprises 12 parts of diatomite, 8 parts of animal protein fiber, 50 parts of sandy soil and 25 parts of sludge which are mixed together.
The maintenance culture solution comprises 70 parts of microorganism nutrient solution, 14 parts of soil probiotics, 30 parts of humic acid and 14 parts of sucrase.
The step 3) of pruning the soft-seed pomegranate comprises the following steps of in the first year, keeping all branches and leaves, cultivating trees and roots, and promoting growth, wherein pruning is not needed; in the second year, shaping and pruning the young trees, wherein 1-2 main branches can be cultured in each pomegranate tree; and (3) initial fruiting of fruit trees: culturing nutrient branches with proper positions and strong growth vigor on two sides of a main branch into lateral branches or fruiting branch groups, thinning or modifying bare-grown branches and tiller shoots into fruiting branch groups, slowly releasing the nutrient branches with moderate growth vigor to promote flowering and fruiting, slightly retracting and rejuvenating perennial branches with weak growth vigor, and mainly trimming and thinning; the method comprises the following steps of (1) updating fruiting branch groups of trees in full bearing period, properly retracting branch groups with overlong branch shafts and reduced fruiting capacity and side branches with weak growth vigor, thinning and removing dry insect branches, weak branches, slender branches and sprout tillers, culturing robust fruiting branch groups mainly comprising medium and small branches, leaving spring tips in key points, leaving summer tips in proper points, and erasing autumn tips;
the fertilizer water management in the step 3) comprises base fertilizer, additional fertilizer in a growth period and water, wherein the organic fertilizer in the base fertilizer is mainly used as an organic fertilizer, a balanced compound fertilizer and a medium trace element fertilizer are used as auxiliary materials, and the base fertilizer is deeply turned over and applied after leaves fall; before the first blossom, the additional fertilizer in the growing period is mainly nitrogen fertilizer, and the biological stimulant can be directly applied by spraying the phosphorus fertilizer in a proper matching way, so that the flower buds are promoted to grow regularly, and the fruit setting rate is improved; in the second time from the flowering season to the young fruit expansion period, nitrogen and phosphorus are mainly used, potassium fertilizer and medium and trace amounts of calcium, magnesium, boron and the like are applied, and foliar fertilizer is sprayed for 1-2 times, so that the fruit setting rate is improved, and the fruit expansion is promoted; in the fruit maturation period for the third time, the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is mainly used, and foliage fertilizer is sprayed for 1-2 times, so that the coloring and the expansion of the fruits can be promoted, the flower bud differentiation is promoted, and the cold-resistant overwintering capability of the tree body is improved; the water supplement comprises the steps of spraying water after fertilization every time, watering frozen water once after defoliation in autumn before soil freezing, and watering water once before germination in spring; in the growing period, according to the weather condition and the growth condition of the soft seed pomegranate tree body, the water balance is kept, and drought and waterlogging are prevented;
the flower and fruit management in the step 3) comprises flower promoting, flower thinning, fruit thinning and fruit preservation, and when flower promoting is flower buds appearing initially, the flower promoting effect on girdling/girdling of fruit skeleton branches is good; in rainy areas in south, paclobutrazol can be sprayed after leaf spreading in spring, although the fruit setting rate is slightly reduced, the number of complete flowers is obviously increased, and finally the fruit setting number is increased; the thinning flower is soft seed pomegranate flower with large amount and can be divided into cylindrical flower and bell flower, and the cylindrical flower is normal flower and is mostly appeared in the first stubble flower; the bell-shaped flowers are incomplete flowers, most of the bell-shaped flowers appear in the 3 rd-batch flowers, the fruits cannot be grown, and the bell-shaped flowers should be removed in time at the initial flowering stage; the fruit preservation is to spray fertilizer on the leaf surface of the flowering phase, pollinate artificially and release bees; spraying a mixture of 10-20 mg/L gibberellin and a foliar fertilizer in a flowering stage and a young fruit stage; the fruit thinning adopts a method of reserving flowers and fruits with more heads, selecting and reserving secondary fruits and thinning and removing tertiary fruits; removing pest and disease damage, double fruits, small fruits, late flowers and fruits, small fruits and the like in time; besides the prevention of the timely medication, the management of daily fertilization, watering and pruning is required.
The organic fertilizer liquid comprises 20kg of sterilized excrement water and 2kg of urea mixed with 200kg of water.
And in the step 3), the thermal insulation treatment is to coat a cold-proof protective solution on the trunk of the soft seed pomegranate, then wrap a thermal insulation layer on the trunk of the soft seed pomegranate, and lay a thermal insulation film on the ground of the soft seed pomegranate.
The cold-proof protection liquid comprises paraffin, vegetable oil, polybutene, potassium fulvate, citric acid, ginger extract, edible gum, short fibers, nano titanium dioxide and fermented tea residues.
The feed ratio of the paraffin, the vegetable oil, the polybutene, the potassium fulvate, the citric acid, the ginger extract, the edible gum, the short fiber, the nano titanium dioxide and the fermented tea residue is 6: 12: 2:5: 5: 7: 24: 55:18:2.
The heat-insulating layer is a linen heat-insulating layer.
Example 3:
1) the method comprises the following steps of (1) repairing a garden and preparing a land, wherein a fertile soil with better illumination and irrigation conditions is preferably selected for the planting land, the selected land is arranged in autumn of the previous year, the land is subjected to deep ploughing, a biological sterilizing agent is sprayed, then deep ploughing is carried out for the second time with great care, a biological organic fertilizer is sprayed after the deep ploughing is finished, auxiliary protective particles are added, the land is leveled, a protective film is covered, a maintenance culture solution is sprayed on the protective film every other month, and then the protective film is covered until the planting is finished;
2) planting, planting soft-seed pomegranates in march of the next year, planting according to the south and north directions, and digging planting holes according to the plant rows by 3 multiplied by 7 m; selecting high-quality strong seedlings with complete root systems, placing the strong seedlings into planting holes, stretching the root systems gently, treading on solid water for root fixing after planting, sealing tree trays, carrying out fine tillage on the planting ground, which is 0.2-0.35 m away from the periphery of the soft-seed pomegranate seedlings, after the soft-seed pomegranate seedlings are rooted for 5-10 days, excavating breeding holes, wherein the row spacing of the breeding holes is 10-30 cm, the row spacing of the breeding holes is 70-80 cm, placing woven rattan baskets in the breeding holes, filling soil and fertilizers in the woven rattan baskets, planting mint seedlings in the woven rattan baskets, and watering the mint seedlings; planting buckwheat 15-20 days after the mint seedlings are planted, deeply digging a planting ditch between two lines of mint seedlings, wherein the depth of the planting ditch is 4-5 cm, watering soil at the bottom of the planting ditch to enable the water content of the soil to be more than or equal to 25%, then fertilizing, sowing buckwheat, and directly covering soil to bury the planting ditch; ridging is carried out on two sides of the planting ditch, and the height of each ridge is 15-20 cm;
3) planting management, namely regularly trimming soft-seed pomegranates, managing fertilizer and water, managing flowers and fruits, carrying out heat preservation treatment at the temperature lower than-5 ℃ in winter, and preventing and treating diseases; after the mint and the buckwheat are sown, the emergence of seedlings is 30-40 days, and organic fertilizer liquid is applied to each mu;
4) harvesting, namely harvesting soft-seed pomegranates, mint and buckwheat in a conventional mode, performing reseeding according to the step 2) after harvesting the mint, reserving stubbles of the harvested buckwheat until spring beginning in the next year, performing deep ploughing and cleaning, and performing reseeding according to the step 2).
The biological sterilizing agent comprises 4 parts of parasitic loranthus, 5 parts of pine branches, 4 parts of dictamnus dasycarpus, 2 parts of cassia twig, 10 parts of cynanchum paniculatum, 4 parts of disinfectant, 20 parts of matrine extract and 170 parts of water.
The auxiliary protection particle material comprises 10 parts of diatomite, 6 parts of animal protein fiber, 40 parts of sandy soil and 20 parts of sludge which are mixed.
The maintenance culture solution comprises 65 parts of microorganism nutrient solution, 12 parts of soil probiotics, 25 parts of humic acid and 12 parts of sucrase.
The step 3) of pruning the soft-seed pomegranate comprises the following steps of in the first year, keeping all branches and leaves, cultivating trees and roots, and promoting growth, wherein pruning is not needed; in the second year, shaping and pruning the young trees, wherein 1-2 main branches can be cultured in each pomegranate tree; and (3) initial fruiting of fruit trees: culturing nutrient branches with proper positions and strong growth vigor on two sides of a main branch into lateral branches or fruiting branch groups, thinning or modifying bare-grown branches and tiller shoots into fruiting branch groups, slowly releasing the nutrient branches with moderate growth vigor to promote flowering and fruiting, slightly retracting and rejuvenating perennial branches with weak growth vigor, and mainly trimming and thinning; the method comprises the following steps of (1) updating fruiting branch groups of trees in full bearing period, properly retracting branch groups with overlong branch shafts and reduced fruiting capacity and side branches with weak growth vigor, thinning and removing dry insect branches, weak branches, slender branches and sprout tillers, culturing robust fruiting branch groups mainly comprising medium and small branches, leaving spring tips in key points, leaving summer tips in proper points, and erasing autumn tips;
the fertilizer water management in the step 3) comprises base fertilizer, additional fertilizer in a growth period and water, wherein the organic fertilizer in the base fertilizer is mainly used as an organic fertilizer, a balanced compound fertilizer and a medium trace element fertilizer are used as auxiliary materials, and the base fertilizer is deeply turned over and applied after leaves fall; before the first blossom, the additional fertilizer in the growing period is mainly nitrogen fertilizer, and the biological stimulant can be directly applied by spraying the phosphorus fertilizer in a proper matching way, so that the flower buds are promoted to grow regularly, and the fruit setting rate is improved; in the second time from the flowering season to the young fruit expansion period, nitrogen and phosphorus are mainly used, potassium fertilizer and medium and trace amounts of calcium, magnesium, boron and the like are applied, and foliar fertilizer is sprayed for 1-2 times, so that the fruit setting rate is improved, and the fruit expansion is promoted; in the fruit maturation period for the third time, the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is mainly used, and foliage fertilizer is sprayed for 1-2 times, so that the coloring and the expansion of the fruits can be promoted, the flower bud differentiation is promoted, and the cold-resistant overwintering capability of the tree body is improved; the water supplement comprises the steps of spraying water after fertilization every time, watering frozen water once after defoliation in autumn before soil freezing, and watering water once before germination in spring; in the growing period, according to the weather condition and the growth condition of the soft seed pomegranate tree body, the water balance is kept, and drought and waterlogging are prevented;
the flower and fruit management in the step 3) comprises flower promoting, flower thinning, fruit thinning and fruit preservation, and when flower promoting is flower buds appearing initially, the flower promoting effect on girdling/girdling of fruit skeleton branches is good; in rainy areas in south, paclobutrazol can be sprayed after leaf spreading in spring, although the fruit setting rate is slightly reduced, the number of complete flowers is obviously increased, and finally the fruit setting number is increased; the thinning flower is soft seed pomegranate flower with large amount and can be divided into cylindrical flower and bell flower, and the cylindrical flower is normal flower and is mostly appeared in the first stubble flower; the bell-shaped flowers are incomplete flowers, most of the bell-shaped flowers appear in the 3 rd-batch flowers, the fruits cannot be grown, and the bell-shaped flowers should be removed in time at the initial flowering stage; the fruit preservation is to spray fertilizer on the leaf surface of the flowering phase, pollinate artificially and release bees; spraying a mixture of 10-20 mg/L gibberellin and a foliar fertilizer in a flowering stage and a young fruit stage; the fruit thinning adopts a method of reserving flowers and fruits with more heads, selecting and reserving secondary fruits and thinning and removing tertiary fruits; removing pest and disease damage, double fruits, small fruits, late flowers and fruits, small fruits and the like in time; besides the prevention of the timely medication, the management of daily fertilization, watering and pruning is required.
The organic fertilizer liquid comprises 15kg of sterilized excrement water and 1kg of urea mixed with 150kg of water.
And in the step 3), the thermal insulation treatment is to coat a cold-proof protective solution on the trunk of the soft seed pomegranate, then wrap a thermal insulation layer on the trunk of the soft seed pomegranate, and lay a thermal insulation film on the ground of the soft seed pomegranate.
The cold-proof protection liquid comprises paraffin, vegetable oil, polybutene, potassium fulvate, citric acid, ginger extract, edible gum, short fibers, nano titanium dioxide and fermented tea residues.
The feed ratio of the paraffin, the vegetable oil, the polybutene, the potassium fulvate, the citric acid, the ginger extract, the edible gum, the short fiber, the nano titanium dioxide and the fermented tea residue is 5: 11: 1:3: 1: 3: 15: 30:16:1.
The heat-insulating layer is a linen heat-insulating layer.
Control test
In 7 adjacent planting lands with the same area in the same area, the soft-seed pomegranates planted in the examples 1, 2 and 3 are compared with a blank group, a control group 1, a control group 2 and a control group 3. Selecting soft-seed punica granatum seedlings;
wherein the blank group is planted according to the prior art by selecting the land and planting: the growing environment with sufficient illumination and warm climate is selected, and the position where the soil is loose and fertile, the leeward and sunny and the irrigation water source is convenient is preferably selected when the garden is built.
Planting time and variety selection: the soft-seed pomegranate is carried out in spring, the soft-seed pomegranate is thawed in soil in spring and carried out in the period of the germination period of fruit trees, and when pomegranate seedlings are purchased, healthy seedlings with good quality and no diseases are carefully selected. Soil treatment and planting: before planting, the garden soil needs to be treated to a certain degree. The planting distance is kept at 2 meters, the row spacing is about 3 to 4 meters, a planting hole with the length, width and height of 60 centimeters is dug before planting, 40 to 50 kilograms of decomposed farmyard manure is applied into the planting hole, a proper amount of compound fertilizer is matched, and the farmyard manure is mixed with garden soil and then backfilled into the hole.
Management of pomegranate trees: the problems of fertilization, watering and pruning of pomegranate trees are mainly described. Firstly, in the aspect of fertilizer, the fertilizer requirement is small in the young pomegranate tree stage, and the young pomegranate tree is promoted to grow mainly by nitrogen fertilizer in the period. After the fruit trees enter the full bearing period, the fertilizer demand begins to increase, reasonable topdressing needs to be paid attention at this time, and 200 g of compound fertilizer can be topdressed on each plant in the spring germination period every year. After the pomegranate tree enters the flowering period, 300 g of urea and about 250 g of potassium sulfate are respectively applied to each plant. After the fruit trees enter the fruit expansion period, the phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is applied to promote the fruit expansion. In addition, before soil is frozen in autumn every year, about 30 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer is applied to each plant, and 500 g of calcium superphosphate is used as a base fertilizer in a matching manner.
Control group 1 the soft seed pomegranate was planted according to the procedure of example 1, but the mint and buckwheat were not planted; the control group 2 planted soft seed pomegranate according to the procedure of example 1, the planting of mint and buckwheat was changed to the planting of garlic and wild aconite, and the control group 3 planted soft seed pomegranate according to the procedure of example 1, but the treatment of heat preservation at a temperature lower than-5 ℃ in winter was not performed, but the treatment of spraying antifreeze solution was performed.
TABLE 1 high-yield of the example group, the control group and the blank group
As can be seen from Table 1, the average yield of the individuals of the example group was 1.9 times that of the individuals of the blank group and 1.3 times that of the control group;
the average weight of the fruits of the example group is more than 2.5 times of the average weight of the single fruits of the blank group, and is more than 1.3 times of the average weight of the fruits of the control group;
the maximum single fruit weight of the example group is more than 2.5 times of the maximum single fruit weight of the blank group, and is more than 1.3 times of the maximum single fruit weight of the control group;
in the examples, the average single plant fruit setting rate is higher than that of the blank group by more than 21.3 percent and higher than that of the control group by 10.9 percent.
Table 2 shows the fruit quality at high yield of the example group, the control group and the blank group
As can be seen from Table 2, the average edible rate of the example group is higher than that of the blank group by more than 19.8 percent and higher than that of the control group by more than 2 percent;
the average gravy rate of the test group is higher than that of the blank group by more than 15.2 percent and is higher than that of the control group by more than 1.3 percent;
the average sugar content of the examples is higher than that of the blank group and the control group respectively, the acid content of the examples is lower than that of the blank group and the control group, and particularly, the vitamin C content is obviously improved for the fruits in the examples.
TABLE 3 survival rate of planting of Tunisia soft-seed pomegranate and disease and pest situation in the same year in the example group, the control group and the blank group
| Survival rate (%) | Incidence (%) | Incidence of insect attack (%) | |
| Example 1 | 99.6 | 1.2 | 0.7 |
| Example 2 | 99.1 | 1.4 | 0.6 |
| Example 3 | 99.2 | 1.6 | 0.8 |
| Blank group | 85 | 15.6 | 8.6 |
| Control group 1 | 93.6 | 8.6 | 5.1 |
| Control group 2 | 93.8 | 7.4 | 4.6 |
| Control group 3 | 91.8 | 1.9 | 1.3 |
In table 3, incidence is the number of diseased strains/total number of strains; the incidence of insect pest is the number of plants suffered from insect pest/total number of plants.
As can be seen from Table 3, the example using the planting method of the present invention has a high survival rate, the incidence of diseases of the example groups is lower than the incidence of diseases of the control group and the blank group, and the incidence of insect pests of the example groups is lower than the incidence of insect pests of the control group and the blank group.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (10)
1. The three-dimensional ecological soft-seed pomegranate planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) the method comprises the following steps of (1) repairing a garden and preparing a land, wherein a fertile soil with better illumination and irrigation conditions is preferably selected for the planting land, the selected land is arranged in autumn of the previous year, the land is subjected to deep ploughing, a biological sterilizing agent is sprayed, then deep ploughing is carried out for the second time with great care, a biological organic fertilizer is sprayed after the deep ploughing is finished, auxiliary protective particles are added, the land is leveled, a protective film is covered, a maintenance culture solution is sprayed on the protective film every other month, and then the protective film is covered until the planting is finished;
2) planting, planting soft-seed pomegranates in march of the next year, planting according to the south and north directions, and digging planting holes according to the plant rows by 3 multiplied by 7 m; selecting high-quality strong seedlings with complete root systems, placing the strong seedlings into planting holes, stretching the root systems gently, treading on solid water for root fixing after planting, sealing tree trays, carrying out fine tillage on the planting ground, which is 0.2-0.35 m away from the periphery of the soft-seed pomegranate seedlings, after the soft-seed pomegranate seedlings are rooted for 5-10 days, excavating breeding holes, wherein the row spacing of the breeding holes is 10-30 cm, the row spacing of the breeding holes is 70-80 cm, placing woven rattan baskets in the breeding holes, filling soil and fertilizers in the woven rattan baskets, planting mint seedlings in the woven rattan baskets, and watering the mint seedlings; planting buckwheat 15-20 days after the mint seedlings are planted, deeply digging a planting ditch between two lines of mint seedlings, wherein the depth of the planting ditch is 4-5 cm, watering soil at the bottom of the planting ditch to enable the water content of the soil to be more than or equal to 25%, then fertilizing, sowing buckwheat, and directly covering soil to bury the planting ditch; ridging is carried out on two sides of the planting ditch, and the height of each ridge is 15-20 cm;
3) planting management, namely regularly trimming soft-seed pomegranates, managing fertilizer and water, managing flowers and fruits, carrying out heat preservation treatment at the temperature lower than-5 ℃ in winter, and preventing and treating diseases; after the mint and the buckwheat are sown, the emergence of seedlings is 30-40 days, and organic fertilizer liquid is applied to each mu;
4) harvesting, namely harvesting soft-seed pomegranates, mint and buckwheat in a conventional mode, performing reseeding according to the step 2) after harvesting the mint, reserving stubbles of the harvested buckwheat until spring beginning in the next year, performing deep ploughing and cleaning, and performing reseeding according to the step 2).
2. The method for planting the stereoscopic ecological soft-seed pomegranates according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the biological sterilizing agent comprises 4-5 parts of parasitic loranthus, 4-5 parts of pine branches, 4-5 parts of dictamnus dasycarpus, 1-3 parts of cassia twig, 8-12 parts of cynanchum paniculatum, 3-5 parts of a disinfectant, 10-25 parts of a matrine extract and 150-190 parts of water.
3. The method for planting the stereoscopic ecological soft-seed pomegranates according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the auxiliary protection particle material comprises 8-12 parts of diatomite, 3-8 parts of animal protein fiber, 30-50 parts of sandy soil and 15-25 parts of silt.
4. The method for planting the stereoscopic ecological soft-seed pomegranates according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the maintenance culture solution comprises 60-70 parts of microorganism nutrient solution, 10-14 parts of soil probiotics, 20-30 parts of humic acid and 10-14 parts of sucrase.
5. The method for planting the stereoscopic ecological soft-seed pomegranates according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the step 3) of pruning the soft-seed pomegranate comprises the following steps of in the first year, keeping all branches and leaves, cultivating trees and roots, and promoting growth, wherein pruning is not needed; in the second year, shaping and pruning the young trees, wherein 1-2 main branches can be cultured in each pomegranate tree; and (3) initial fruiting of fruit trees: culturing nutrient branches with proper positions and strong growth vigor on two sides of a main branch into lateral branches or fruiting branch groups, thinning or modifying bare-grown branches and tiller shoots into fruiting branch groups, slowly releasing the nutrient branches with moderate growth vigor to promote flowering and fruiting, slightly retracting and rejuvenating perennial branches with weak growth vigor, and mainly trimming and thinning; the method comprises the following steps of (1) updating fruiting branch groups of trees in full bearing period, properly retracting branch groups with overlong branch shafts and reduced fruiting capacity and side branches with weak growth vigor, thinning and removing dry insect branches, weak branches, slender branches and sprout tillers, culturing robust fruiting branch groups mainly comprising medium and small branches, leaving spring tips in key points, leaving summer tips in proper points, and erasing autumn tips;
the fertilizer water management in the step 3) comprises base fertilizer, additional fertilizer in a growth period and water, wherein the organic fertilizer in the base fertilizer is mainly used as an organic fertilizer, a balanced compound fertilizer and a medium trace element fertilizer are used as auxiliary materials, and the base fertilizer is deeply turned over and applied after leaves fall; before the first blossom, the additional fertilizer in the growing period is mainly nitrogen fertilizer, and the biological stimulant can be directly applied by spraying the phosphorus fertilizer in a proper matching way, so that the flower buds are promoted to grow regularly, and the fruit setting rate is improved; in the second time from the flowering season to the young fruit expansion period, nitrogen and phosphorus are mainly used, potassium fertilizer and medium and trace amounts of calcium, magnesium, boron and the like are applied, and foliar fertilizer is sprayed for 1-2 times, so that the fruit setting rate is improved, and the fruit expansion is promoted; in the fruit maturation period for the third time, the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is mainly used, and foliage fertilizer is sprayed for 1-2 times, so that the coloring and the expansion of the fruits can be promoted, the flower bud differentiation is promoted, and the cold-resistant overwintering capability of the tree body is improved; the water supplement comprises the steps of spraying water after fertilization every time, watering frozen water once after defoliation in autumn before soil freezing, and watering water once before germination in spring; in the growing period, according to the weather condition and the growth condition of the soft seed pomegranate tree body, the water balance is kept, and drought and waterlogging are prevented;
the flower and fruit management in the step 3) comprises flower promoting, flower thinning, fruit thinning and fruit preservation, and when flower promoting is flower buds appearing initially, the flower promoting effect on girdling/girdling of fruit skeleton branches is good; in rainy areas in south, paclobutrazol can be sprayed after leaf spreading in spring, although the fruit setting rate is slightly reduced, the number of complete flowers is obviously increased, and finally the fruit setting number is increased; the thinning flower is soft seed pomegranate flower with large amount and can be divided into cylindrical flower and bell flower, and the cylindrical flower is normal flower and is mostly appeared in the first stubble flower; the bell-shaped flowers are incomplete flowers, most of the bell-shaped flowers appear in the 3 rd-batch flowers, the fruits cannot be grown, and the bell-shaped flowers should be removed in time at the initial flowering stage; the fruit preservation is to spray fertilizer on the leaf surface of the flowering phase, pollinate artificially and release bees; spraying a mixture of 10-20 mg/L gibberellin and a foliar fertilizer in a flowering stage and a young fruit stage; the fruit thinning adopts a method of reserving flowers and fruits with more heads, selecting and reserving secondary fruits and thinning and removing tertiary fruits; removing pest and disease damage, double fruits, small fruits, late flowers and fruits, small fruits and the like in time; besides the prevention of the timely medication, the management of daily fertilization, watering and pruning is required.
6. The method for planting the stereoscopic ecological soft-seed pomegranates according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the organic fertilizer liquid comprises 10-20 kg of sterilized excrement water and 1-2 kg of urea mixed with 100-200 kg of water.
7. The method for planting the stereoscopic ecological soft-seed pomegranates according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and in the step 3), the thermal insulation treatment is to coat a cold-proof protective solution on the trunk of the soft seed pomegranate, then wrap a thermal insulation layer on the trunk of the soft seed pomegranate, and lay a thermal insulation film on the ground of the soft seed pomegranate.
8. The method for planting the stereoscopic ecological soft-seed pomegranates according to claim 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the cold-proof protection liquid comprises paraffin, vegetable oil, polybutene, potassium fulvate, citric acid, ginger extract, edible gum, short fibers, nano titanium dioxide and fermented tea residues.
9. The method for planting stereoscopic ecological soft-seed pomegranates according to claim 8, wherein: the feeding ratio of the paraffin, the vegetable oil, the polybutene, the potassium fulvate, the citric acid, the ginger extract, the edible gum, the short fibers, the nano titanium dioxide and the fermented tea residues is 3-6: 10-12: 1-2: 3-5: 1-5: 3-7: 15-24: 30-55: 14-18: 1-2.
10. The method for planting the stereoscopic ecological soft-seed pomegranates according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the heat-insulating layer is a linen heat-insulating layer.
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