CN103340100A - Method for planting red jujubes in alpine region - Google Patents
Method for planting red jujubes in alpine region Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN103340100A CN103340100A CN2013102331288A CN201310233128A CN103340100A CN 103340100 A CN103340100 A CN 103340100A CN 2013102331288 A CN2013102331288 A CN 2013102331288A CN 201310233128 A CN201310233128 A CN 201310233128A CN 103340100 A CN103340100 A CN 103340100A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- water
- soil
- days
- grafting
- fertilizer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Landscapes
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for planting red jujubes, and particularly relates to a method for planting the red jujubes in the north alpine region. The aim of building a direct-seeding red jujube garden is achieved mainly through sowing and seedling raising of tree stacks, variety choice and field management of grafting, grafting of jujube trees, and field management and overwintering management of nursery stocks. According to the method for planting the red jujubes, red jujube industrialization production can be achieved in the north alpine region like Sinkiang and northern Sinkiang regions, in the grafting year, people can harvest the fresh red jujubes of 150-250 kg/mu and obtain a large number of high-quality grafting nursery stocks, the red jujube industry can be developed in a large-scale mode, the north alpine region where the red jujubes can not be planted can also conduct planting, and the method is rapid in effect and high in yield. Particularly, sunlight in the north alpine region is abundant in summer, the temperature difference between day and night is large so as to be beneficial to accumulating carbohydrate, and therefore the produced red jujubes are good in quality and high in yield.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of plant growing technology, specifically a kind of
The red date plantation, particularly a kind of in the northThe method of high and cold area plantation red date.
Technical background
Jujube tree (Ziziphus ju jubaMill) belong to the Rhamnaceae jujube, cultivation history is long in China, is that the master in many places plants economic tree.
Red date nutrient is abundant, not only can eat raw, and can make and do and processing, still good health-care food.Because of the economic worth height, the selling market is wide both at home and abroad, is successively introduced a fine variety ground such as Japan, Korea, the U.S., Philippine, India, Thailand, is a kind of seeds that welcome by common people.
But jujube cultivation is subjected to the restriction of geographical and weather, special winter, the absolute minimum air temperature must not be lower than-23 ℃, the high and cold area northern vast as Xinjiang, because winter often occurring-30～-40 ℃ low temperature, all do not have the record of plantation jujube tree in history, particularly on China's cultivation history, never cross 43 ° of lines of north latitude.
Therefore, a kind of can the high and cold area plantation jujube tree method to the north of 43 ° of China's north latitude just arising at the historic moment.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of method at high and cold area plantation red date, particularly adopt live method of building garden plantation red date at 43 ° of high and cold area to the north of the line of north latitude.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is: the employing seeding method is cultivated rootstock seedling and is sowed the mode of connecing and cultivate the jujube tree seedling to build the jujube garden.
The sowing of rootstock seedling: the used stock seed of grafting mainly is the seed of wild jujube or garden, Keshen jujube, requires maturity good, full seed; Kind benevolence after the seed broken shell, percentage of damage is lower than 5%, free from admixture.
By 220～260cm, spacing in the rows 90～120cm at the field seeding and seedling raising: year accumulated temperature 3500 is selected in the field
0The zone that C is above, require soil salt content below 0.3%, subterranean water level below one meter, physical features should smooth, fertile soil, irrigation and drainage easily the plot of sandy loam or silt as the field, even 2～3 tons of the farmyard manures that became thoroughly decomposed that spread fertilizer over the fields per mu, it is thin to plough deeply back leveling cake, with a broadcast mode sowing, 2～3 in every cave.
Above-mentioned seeding and seedling raising preferably adopts drip irrigation mulching film planting mode, can adopt under the film and sow, and also can adopt program request on the film.
Sowing time generally April early and middle ten days carry out, mainly in small, broken bits soil arrangement because being the plastic film mulch drip irrigation, do not consider soil moisture content, sowing depth 3～5cm, 0.6～1.0 kilogram every mu of sowing kind of benevolence amount.According to sowing ground soil moisture content, carry out under-film drip irrigation after generally broadcasting immediately.
The field management of stock: Jujube7 days begin to emerge after the seedling sowing drip irrigation, measure seedling in 10 days greatly, two week tidy seedlings output.From emerging, under the film program request in time put the seedling grave mound, program request will notice that dialling soil emerges on the film.
When nursery stock grows 5～6 true leaves, can be in conjunction with fertigation, 10～15 kilograms of every mu of consumptions, whole growth phase fertilising 2～3 times is used nitrogenous fertilizer preceding 1～2 time, and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is used 2～3 times in the back.
In order to keep a full stand of seedings and to eliminate weeds, reduce and throw worker's launch-work, along with the weather sweltering heat, further press mulch film, seal hole, a large amount of weeds are burnt to death in mulch film.
Long during to the 10cm left and right sides when height of seedling, to the wide row of plastic film mulch not, with the machinery shallow plowing seedling final singling in the ranks of going forward side by side of loosening the soil, a young plant is stayed in every cave, pinches during to 60～70cm when nursery stock length, makes the acceleration girth growth.
Cut off the water mid-September, short its lignification, and mid or late October irritates the water of surviving the winter for 1 time again and can survive the winter.
Utilizing above-mentioned 1 year living rootstock seedling to sow the mode that connects cultivates nursery stock and builds the jujube garden.
The grafting of nursery stock:During spring in next year stock rudiment (by the end of April or at the beginning of 5 months), give birth to for promoting that the neat speed of bud is told in scion after the grafting, give and irritate a water in the ground.
Poured water back 3～5 days, 1～5cm wipes out stock in the place on distance ground, weed a garden, selection has that cold resistance is strong, sprouting power is strong behind the stump, coppice shoot is bloomed then, result morning, pear and date-printing blocks, the Zanhuang jujube that yielding ability is strong, the shortcake that do not fall, July aquatic foods or the annotinous branch of fine horse jujube as the grafting scion: the annotinous branch of getting above-mentioned kind in autumn the previous year is made into scion and seals with wax the back storage, in the method grafting near the ground that adopt scion grafting 1 year beginning of spring, it is solid the interface bondage with Polypropylence Sheet to connect the back.
During spring in next year stock rudiment, irritate one time water, after pouring water 3～5 days, 1～5cm cuts off at the place as stock on distance ground, selection has that cold resistance is strong, sprouting power is strong behind the stump, coppice shoot is bloomed then, result morning, pear and date-printing blocks, the Zanhuang jujube that yielding ability is strong, the shortcake that do not fall, July aquatic foods or fine horse jujube.
The field management of nursery stock: after the grafting 15 days, scion is rudiment substantially all, at this moment can carry out watering after the grafting, and rudiment is erased to stock simultaneously, gave birth to promote grafting bud speed.Like this, watered water one time every 8～12 days after the grafting, continuous 3～4 times; Erase the stock bud simultaneously, loosen the soil in conjunction with after watering in good time, water the whole year 7～10 times, loosen the soil 3～4 times, execute drip irrigation fertilizer in conjunction with watering therebetween, 15～20 kilograms of every mu of consumptions are used nitrogenous fertilizer preceding 1～2 time vegetative period 2～3 times, and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is used 2～3 times in the back.
When nursery stock grows tall 60～70cm, pinch, bear fruit to promote to bloom.
Surviving the winter of nursery stock: when late autumn, nursery stock was fallen leaves, water water one time to the field, when the field soil property is not glued digging tool, at the conical mound of tree base training 30～50cm height, survive the winter with winter protection, live red date of the present invention garden is namely built up.
The sowing of above-mentioned rootstock seedling preferably adopts the line-spacing of 110～130cm, the spacing in the rows of 30～40cm to sow, dig seedling when connecing the back seedling overwintering of cultivating in 1 year earlier sowing, and then seal soil to hibernate: namely after watering to the field, when the field soil property is not glued digging tool, take to dig delegation, dig the pattern of two strains every a strain every delegation, the part nursery stock is shifted out the field; The line-spacing of last nursery stock is between 220～260cm in the field, and spacing in the rows has had soil and space between 90～120cm.
Therefore because the jujube seedling can not be survived the winter by open country in the North SinKiang, be stored in the cellar after the above-mentioned nursery stock of digging out being wiped out side shoot, to sell as commercial seedling the coming year.
The capable alternate pattern sowing of width is preferably adopted in the sowing of above-mentioned rootstock seedling, namely adopts wide every trade apart from 160～180cm, narrow row line-spacing 60～80cm, and the pattern of spacing in the rows 30～40cm is sowed.
Jujube tree management after 1 year is as follows:
After 1 year spring, soil thawed, generally at the early and middle ten days in April, will bury soil and dig and to open, in conjunction with spreading manuer in holes or fertilizer of ditch spread, and wipe out the limb that mound is freezed to death outward.
Except sprouting and pinching: the season of growth after reaching after the plant rudiment in May, can keep 1～3 coppice shoot, and the branch that will in time erase and partly be sprouted by stock, prevent from influencing the growth of grafted branch.Be nourishing and growing of control plant, increase reproductive growth to the needs of nutrient, promote to bloom, setting and precocity, the full-bloom stage in what in June, the last ten-days period to pinch to the major branch of sprouting strain; On August, the middle ten days fruit expanding period pinch to side shoot.
Pour water: will in time irritate rudiment water at the beginning of 4 months, and execute drip irrigation fertilizer with water, early June irritate to be contained flower water in early stage, irritates young fruit August and expands water, in case because arid causes fruit drop, output decline is poured water 7～10 the whole year.Cut off the water to the last ten-days period in September, short its lignification strengthens cold tolerance; When soil reaches suitable soil moisture content, can earth up and survive the winter, no longer carry out winter irrigation after the ridging of tree base.
Fertilising: after the jujube seedling is planted and survived, execute fertilizer then twice, best organic fertilizer, the first time is the last ten-days period or the beginning of June initial bloom stage in may; For the second time on August, the middle ten days young fruit expanding stage, take ditch spread or spread manuer in holes, apart from 25～30 centimetres of tree bodies, execute 5～7 kilograms of fertilizer that become thoroughly decomposed at every turn.
Later on the tree body fertilizing amount of growing up increases, and in conjunction with digging spring when opening ridging, spreads manuer in holes or the ditch organic fertilizer 20～30 kilograms of every strain fertilisings.In addition, florescence mid-June imposes chemical fertilizer again one time, grows with the reproductive growth animated period to nutrient demand to supplement the nutrients; On August, impose fertilizer the middle ten days again one time, night soil preferably satisfying the fruit expanding stage to a large amount of needs of nutrition, thereby increases output, improves quality.
Inserted link support branch: when 30～40 centimetres high of coppice shoots, to insert branch aside and tie up rope firmly sprouting individual plant, prevent windbreak.On August, will carry out inserted link to the heavy fruit branch of load support the middle ten days, prevents that great success from breaking branch.
The protection of surviving the winter: present antifreeze surviving the winter, the easiest, economic, effective way are to adopt the foundation ridging.Be about to shoot ground trunk and bury soil, but can not cut driedly, mound requires to reach 40 centimetres high at least, is conical, and steady and sure, and mound and tree backbone portion will be in conjunction with closely.The ridging time looks and arrives winter sooner or later, and to bury the soil time roughly the same with grape, i.e. the first tenday period of a month in the last ten-days period in October to November.Take off soil spring in next year.
Utilize method plantation development red date of the present invention, can make northern high and cold area, realize red date industrialization production as the Xinjiang Condition in North Xinjiang, grafting can be gathered in the crops bright jujube 150～250kg/ mu then, and can obtain a large amount of high-quality grafting nursery stocks.
Want area, South Sinkiang, Xinjiang to use method of the present invention then can accelerate the development of red date plantation industry greatly, survival rate can be by 30%～60% bringing up to more than 90% in the past, more than the fresh fruit of the grafting per mu yield then 200kg, the bright jujube of per mu yield in the 2nd year～4 years can reach more than 500～1000kg.
The present invention is by carrying out the method that red date is planted at northern high and cold area by the live garden of building; can large-scale development red date industry; the northern high and cold area that can not plant red date of making over also can be planted; and instant effect, output height; particularly northern high and cold area sunshine in summer is abundant, day and night temperature is big; be beneficial to very much the accumulation of sugar, therefore the red date quality of producing very high.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:Changji, Shihezi, Kuitun, Yi Li, Bole's year accumulated temperature 3500 in the Xinjiang Condition in North Xinjiang
0C is above plants the cotton region, selects soil salt content below 0.3%, and subterranean water level is below one meter, irrigates easily sandy loam or loam ground as planting site.
Selection has that cold resistance is strong, sprouting power is strong behind the stump, coppice shoot is bloomed then, result morning, pear and date-printing blocks, the Zanhuang jujube that yielding ability is strong, the shortcake that do not fall, July aquatic foods, fine horse jujube annotinous branch as the grafting scion.
The method of soil preparation that planting site is implemented: select to have a good transport service and surrounding enviroment are pollution-free, physical features should smooth, fertile soil, irrigation and drainage are the plot of sandy loam or silt easily, and even 2～3 tons of the farmyard manures that became thoroughly decomposed that spread fertilizer over the fields per mu are ploughed deeply back leveling cake and carefully waited to broadcast.
The stock seed treatment: the used stock seed of grafting red date is the wild jujube seed.Get that maturity is good, the kind benevolence after the broken shell of full seed seed, percentage of damage is lower than 5%, free from admixture.
Sowing: the sowing time carried out in early April～the middle ten days, press the pattern of the capable alternate and under-film drip irrigation pattern of width, wide every trade is apart from 150cm, narrow row line-spacing 70cm, spacing in the rows 30～40cm, 2～3 seeds in every cave, plastic mulching is on two narrow rows, every film can be broadcast two row, carries out under-film drip irrigation after generally broadcasting immediately.Specifically can use the mode of sowing under program request on the film or the film to sow.Adopt to sow under the film and will note after emerging, in time putting seedling, with anti-scald seedling.Preferably adopt on the film point broadcast mode to sow during establishing in large scale.
Carry out field management in accordance with the following methods:
Began to emerge in 7 days after the sowing drip irrigation, measured seedling, tidy seedlings output about two weeks in 10 days greatly.From emerging, that sows under the film will in time put the seedling grave mound, and program request will notice that dialling soil emerges on the film.
When nursery stock grows 5～6 true leaves, can be in conjunction with executing drip irrigation fertilizer, 10～15 kilograms of every mu of consumptions are used nitrogenous fertilizer preceding 1～2 time vegetative period 2～3 times, and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is used 2～3 times in the back.
In order to keep a full stand of seedings and to eliminate weeds, reduce and throw worker's launch-work, along with the weather sweltering heat, further press mulch film, seal hole, a large amount of weeds are burnt to death in mulch film.
When height of seedling length arrives the 10cm left and right sides, to not having the wide row of plastic film mulch, loosen the soil with the machinery shallow plowing.When carrying out the thinning final singling, make every cave only stay a young plant.
When nursery stock grows to 60～70cm, pinch, make the acceleration girth growth.
Cut off the water mid-September, short its lignification.Mid or late October is irritated the water of surviving the winter again 1 time.
The garden is built in grafting: the spring in next year is by the end of April or at the beginning of 5 months during the stock rudiment, for neat fast the giving birth to of bud told in scion after promoting grafting, give and irritate time water in the ground, poured water back general 3～5 days, when treating that soil moisture content is suitable, 1～5cm wipes out at the place stock top trunk branch and weeds a garden on distance ground, brings the off-the-shelf scion of sealing with wax, adopt the method grafting near the ground of scion grafting, it is solid the interface bondage with Polypropylence Sheet to connect the back.
Nursery stock management: after the grafting 15 days, scion substantially all during rudiment, can be carried out watering after the grafting, and rudiment is erased to stock simultaneously, gives birth to promote grafting bud speed.Like this, watered water one time every 8～15 days after the grafting, continuous 3～4 times; Smear the stock bud 2～3 times.Loosen the soil in conjunction with after watering in good time, water the whole year 7～10 times, loosen the soil 3～4 times, namely whenever water 2～3 yew soil once, execute drip irrigation fertilizer 2～3 times in vegetative period in conjunction with watering, 15～20 kilograms of every mu of consumptions are used nitrogenous fertilizer preceding 1～2 time, and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is used 2～3 times in the back.
It is really short to pinch: when nursery stock grows tall 60～70cm, pinch, bear fruit to promote to bloom.
Survive the winter: when late autumn, nursery stock was fallen leaves, water time water, when treating that soil moisture content is suitable with giving the garden, take to dig delegation every delegation, dig two strains every a strain, the part nursery stock is shifted out the field, wipe out side shoot in case of necessity, the nursery stock that shifts out the field is stored in the cellar survives the winter, can be used as commercial seedling the coming year and sell.Last nursery stock line-spacing is between 2.0～2.5 meters in the field, and spacing in the rows is between 0.9～1.1 meter, and soil and space have been arranged, and can not cut driedly, and at the high conical mound of tree base training 30～50cm, winter protection is survived the winter.
Live red date garden is namely built up.
It is as follows to sow the management that connects after second:
Take off soil spring: after 1 year spring, soil thawed, the general the first tenday period of a month in April or the middle ten days can will bury the soil plane and open, and in conjunction with spreading manuer in holes or fertilizer of ditch spread.Check and wipe out the outer limb of being freezed to death of mound.
Pour water: will in time irritate rudiment water at the beginning of 4 months, and execute drip irrigation fertilizer with water.Note having irritated Sheng water (early June) in flower early stage and young fruit and expand water (August), in case because arid because reproductive growth is is only nourished and grown to the needs contention of moisture, and causes fruit drop, output decline is poured water 7～10 the whole year.Cut off the water to the last ten-days period in September, short its lignification strengthens cold tolerance; Reach soil and close moisture in the soil, survive the winter in order to ridging.No longer carry out winter irrigation.
Fertilising: after the jujube seedling is planted and survived, execute fertilizer then twice, best organic fertilizer, the first time is the last ten-days period or the beginning of June initial bloom stage in may; For the second time on August, the middle ten days young fruit expanding stage, take ditch spread or spread manuer in holes, apart from 25～30 centimetres of tree bodies, execute 5～7 kilograms of fertilizer that become thoroughly decomposed at every turn.
Later on the tree body fertilizing amount of growing up increases, and in conjunction with digging spring when opening ridging, spreads manuer in holes or the ditch organic fertilizer 20～30 kilograms of every strain fertilisings.In addition, florescence mid-June can impose chemical fertilizer again one time, grows with the reproductive growth animated period to nutrient demand to supplement the nutrients; On August, impose fertilizer the middle ten days again one time, night soil preferably satisfying the fruit expanding stage to a large amount of needs of nutrition, thereby increases output, improves quality.
Except sprouting and pinching: the season of growth after reaching after the plant rudiment in May, can keep 1～3 coppice shoot, and the branch that will in time find and erase and partly sprouted by stock, prevent from influencing the growth of grafting strain.Be nourishing and growing of control plant, increase reproductive growth to the needs of nutrient, promote to bloom, setting and precocity, the full-bloom stage in what in June, the last ten-days period to pinch to the major branch of sprouting strain; On August, the middle ten days fruit expanding stage pinches to side shoot.
Inserted link support branch: when 30～40 centimetres high of coppice shoots, will insert branch aside and tie up rope firmly sprouting individual plant, prevent windbreak.On August, will carry out inserted link to the heavier fruit branch of load support the middle ten days, prevents that fruit from breaking branch.
The protection of surviving the winter: antifreeze the surviving the winter after 1 year, the easiest, economical, effectively way is to adopt the foundation ridging.Be about to shoot ground trunk and bury soil, but can not cut driedly, mound requires to reach 40 centimetres high at least, is conical, and steady and sure, and mound and tree backbone portion will be in conjunction with closely.The ridging time looks and arrives winter sooner or later, and to bury the soil time roughly the same with grape, i.e. the first tenday period of a month in the last ten-days period in October to November.Take off soil spring in next year.
Embodiment 2: beginning in 2006, implement in area tests such as 150 of the Xinjiang Academy of Land Reclamation ﹠. Cultivation that is positioned at Shihezi Area of Xinjiang and agricultural eight teachers, this area is to the north of China's north latitude 43 degree, and general winter in time, the absolute minimum air temperature subzero 30
0C～35
0C, extreme value is subzero 39
0C even lower never has the record of planting the jujube tree success in history; 180～220 millimeters of this area's annual precipitations, 1500～2300 millimeters of evaporation discharge belong to irrigation farming.
During jujube tree, at first the soil has been carried out super finishing in plantation: 4 tons in mu organic fertilizer material, spread even, plough deeply, rake, cut.The debugging cotton planter makes wide line-spacing 1.5m, and narrow row is apart from 0.7m; Spacing in the rows 30～40cm, 2～3 of every cave seeding quantitys.Sowing time is in early April, use the superior sowing all-in-one of pipe-laying ﹠ film mulching, use the wild jujube seed, do not mix other batchings, utilize 2 wide mulch films of 1.25 meters (once sowing 4 row), sower is once finished multi-mode operations such as punching sowing (or sowing under the film), fenestra grave mound, suppression on the shaping of film bed, pipe-laying ﹠ film mulching, film limit earthing, the film.Carry out dripping irrigation under the film after broadcasting immediately.Owing to touch down drip irrigation, it is neat to emerge, and carries out final singling when treating height of seedling 10～15cm, and 1 strain is stayed in every cave.Annual dripping irrigation number of times 9～12 times, and in vegetative period, use 3 chemical fertilizer with irrigating coupling, each mu 5kg.Pinch during height of seedling 70cm comprehensively, make the sturdy wait grafting in bottom.
Early and middle ten days was given and was prepared to irritate time water in the grafting ground April spring in next year, and applied fertilizer with water.During mid or late April stock rudiment, wipe out the unlapped limb of freezing to death of the above snow deposit of ground 5～10cm, and weed with a hoe, carry out abundant grafting and prepare.
The off-the-shelf scion of sealing with wax is used in grafting, kind is pear and date-printing blocks, Zanhuang jujube, the shortcake that do not fall, July aquatic foods or fine horse jujube.Grafting method adopts scion grafting near the ground.At this moment substantially all rudiments of 2 weeks scion after the grafting have been carried out watering after the grafting, and rudiment is erased to stock simultaneously, give birth to promote grafting bud speed.Tens days 1 water after the scion rudiment, continuous 3～4 times; Stock bud picking 2～3 times., water the whole year 9～10 times, to loosen the soil 3～4 times, execute 3 changes vegetative period in conjunction with watering inferior, 5～8 kilograms of mu consumptions.
When nursery stock grows tall 70cm, pinch at the beginning of 7 months by the end of June, promoting blooms bears fruit.Under this intensive farming, the bright jujube 210kg of per mu yield.
In order to survive the winter with native winter protection, when late autumn, nursery stock was fallen leaves, in the suitable ground of soil moisture content, dig delegation every delegation, dig two strains every a strain, last nursery stock seeding row spacing is (0.9～1.1) rice * (2.0～2.5) rice, at this moment can be at the high conical mound of tree base training 40cm, winter protection is survived the winter, and live red date garden is namely built up.The nursery stock of digging out or be used for building the garden, or be stored in the cellar and sell as commercial seedling the coming year.
To building up the management in jujube garden:
Fertilising: spreaded manuer in holes or the ditch organic fertilizer 20～30 kilograms of every strain fertilisings in conjunction with digging spring when opening ridging in 1 year.In addition, go up in florescence mid-June and August, the middle ten days fruit expanding stage impose chemical fertilizer one time at Sui Shui again, to satisfy fruit and the expanding stage wilderness demand to nutrition of blooming.
Pour water: general annual pipe water 9～12 times, to note having irritated rudiment water especially, the water of branching out, contain flower water in early stage, young fruit and expand water, fruit growth water.Cut off the water to the last ten-days period in September, short its lignification strengthens cold tolerance; Irritate time water mid-October, makes soil close moisture in the soil, survives the winter in order to ridging.
Except sprouting and pinching: the season of growth after reaching after the plant rudiment in May, can keep 1～3 coppice shoot, and the branch that will in time find and erase and partly sprouted by stock.
For promote to bloom, setting and precocity, the full-bloom stage in annual what in June, the last ten-days period pinches for the major branch of sprouting strain; On August, the middle ten days fruit expanding stage pinches to side shoot.
Inserted link support branch: when 30～40 centimetres high of coppice shoots, will insert branch aside and tie up rope firmly sprouting individual plant, prevent windbreak.On August, will carry out inserted link to the heavy fruit branch of load support the middle ten days, prevents that great success from breaking branch.
The protection of surviving the winter: do not freeze to death for the grafting part that guarantees 20～30cm more than the jujube tree ground, shoot ground trunk is buried soil, but do not cut driedly, mound requires to reach 40 centimetres high at least, is conical, and steady and sure, and mound and tree backbone portion will be in conjunction with closely.The ridging time looks and arrives winter sooner or later, and to bury the soil time roughly the same with grape, i.e. the first tenday period of a month in the last ten-days period in October to November.
Take off soil spring: after 1 year spring, soil thawed (early and middle ten days in April), be about to bury the soil plane and open, in conjunction with spreading manuer in holes or fertilizer of ditch spread.Check and wipe out the jujube tree top limb of freezing to death.
More than 200 kilogram of the bright jujube of grafting per mu yield then entered the full bearing period and reaches 800～1200kg/ mu in 3～4 years.
Embodiment 3: compare with enforcement before, the difference of present embodiment is to adopt line-spacing 1.2m, spacing in the rows 30cm sowing, 2～3 seeds in every cave, in nursery stock when fallen leaves in late autumn, in the suitable ground of soil moisture content, dig delegation every delegation, dig two strains every a strain, last nursery stock seeding row spacing is 0.9 meter * 2.4 meters, survives the winter in the ridging of tree base subsequently, and live red date garden is namely built up.The nursery stock of digging out or be used for building the garden, or be stored in the cellar and sell as commercial seedling the coming year.
Embodiment 4: compare with enforcement before, the difference of present embodiment is to adopt line-spacing 2.2m, spacing in the rows 100cm sowing, and 2～3 seeds in every cave when late autumn, nursery stock was fallen leaves, when soil moisture content is suitable, are directly survived the winter in the ridging of tree base, and live red date garden is namely built up.
Claims (5)
1. method at high and cold area plantation red date is characterized in that main process is as follows:
The sowing of rootstock seedling:As the used stock seed of grafting, adopt drip irrigation mulching film planting mode with wild jujube or garden, Keshen jujube, press line-spacing 220～260cm, spacing in the rows 90～120cm, at the field seeding and seedling raising: year accumulated temperature 3500 is selected in the field
0The zone that C is above, require soil salt content below 0.3%, subterranean water level below one meter, physical features should smooth, fertile soil, irrigation and drainage easily the plot of sandy loam or silt as the field, even 2～3 tons of the farmyard manures that became thoroughly decomposed that spread fertilizer over the fields per mu, it is thin to plough deeply back leveling cake, with the sowing of some broadcast mode, 2～3 in every cave, the sowing time April early and middle ten days carry out, sowing depth 3～5cm after planting carries out under-film drip irrigation immediately;
The field management of stock:When nursery stock grows 5～6 true leaves, in conjunction with fertigation, 10～15 kilograms of every mu of consumptions, whole growth phase fertilising 2～3 times is used nitrogenous fertilizer preceding 1～2 time, and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is used 2～3 times in the back; When height of seedling length to 8～12cm, the shallow plowing seedling final singling in the ranks of going forward side by side of loosening the soil, a young plant is stayed in every cave, pinches during to 60～70cm when nursery stock is long; Cut off the water mid-September, short its lignification, and mid or late October is irritated the water of surviving the winter again 1 time;
The grafting of nursery stock:During spring in next year stock rudiment, irritate one time water, after pouring water 3～5 days, 1～5cm cuts off at the place as stock on distance ground, selection has that cold resistance is strong, sprouting power is strong behind the stump, coppice shoot is bloomed then, result morning, pear and date-printing blocks, the Zanhuang jujube that yielding ability is strong, the shortcake that do not fall, July aquatic foods or fine horse jujube, the annotinous branch of getting above-mentioned kind in autumn the previous year is made into scion and store the back of sealing with wax, in the method grafting near the ground that adopt scion grafting 1 year beginning of spring, it is solid the interface bondage with Polypropylence Sheet to connect the back;
The field management of nursery stock: grafting was carried out watering after the grafting after 10 days, and rudiment is erased to stock simultaneously, to promote grafting bud speed to give birth to, watered one time water, continuous 3～4 times afterwards every 8～15 days, erase the stock bud simultaneously, water the whole year 7～10 times, and execute drip irrigation fertilizer in conjunction with watering, 15～20 kilograms of every mu of consumptions, apply fertilizer 2～3 full vegetative period, uses nitrogenous fertilizer preceding 1～2 time, and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is used 2～3 times in the back, loosen the soil 3～4 times in conjunction with watering simultaneously, namely whenever water 2～3 yew soil once; When nursery stock grows tall 60～70cm, pinch, bear fruit to promote to bloom;
Seedling overwintering: when late autumn, nursery stock was fallen leaves, water water one time to the field, when treating that the field soil property is not glued digging tool, survive the winter with winter protection at the high conical mound of tree base training 30～50cm, namely build up live jujube garden.
2. the method at high and cold area plantation red date according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
The sowing of described rootstock seedling adopts the line-spacing of 110～130cm, the spacing in the rows of 30～40cm to sow, when the seedling overwintering of sowing after connecing, dig seedling earlier, and then seal soil to hibernate: namely after watering to the field, when the field soil property is not glued digging tool, take to dig delegation, dig the pattern of two strains every a strain every delegation, the part nursery stock is shifted out the field; The line-spacing of last nursery stock is between 220～250cm in the field, and spacing in the rows has had soil and space between 90～120cm.
3. the method at high and cold area plantation red date according to claim 2 is characterized in that:
The capable alternate pattern sowing of width is adopted in the sowing of described rootstock seedling, namely adopts wide every trade apart from 160～180cm, narrow row line-spacing 60～80cm, and the pattern of spacing in the rows 30～40cm is sowed.
4. according to claim 1,2 or 3 described methods at high and cold area plantation red date, it is characterized in that: the management in field is as follows after 1 year:
Put seedling: after 1 year spring, soil thawed, at the early and middle ten days in April, will bury soil and dig and to open, in conjunction with spreading manuer in holes or fertilizer of ditch spread, and wipe out the limb that mound is freezed to death outward;
Except sprouting and pinching: after the plant rudiment in May and after the season of growth, can keep 1～3 coppice shoot, and the branch that will in time erase and partly be sprouted by stock, the full-bloom stage in what in June, the last ten-days period pinches for the major branch of sprouting strain, on August, the middle ten days fruit expanding period pinch to side shoot;
Pour water and apply fertilizer: will in time irritate rudiment water at the beginning of 4 months, and execute drip irrigation fertilizer with water, early June waters and contains flower water in early stage, water young fruit August and expand water, pour water the whole year 7～10 times, cut off the water to the last ten-days period in September, no longer carry out winter irrigation after setting basic grave mound, in may the last ten-days period～June, the first tenday period of a month, initial bloom stage was executed disposable fertilizer; August the first tenday period of a month～the middle ten days, the young fruit expanding stage was executed disposable fertilizer;
Inserted link support branch: when 30～40 centimetres high of coppice shoots, to insert branch aside to tie up rope firm sprouting individual plant, prevent windbreak, August on, will carry out the inserted link support the middle ten days to the fruit branch that load weighs, and prevents that fruit from breaking branch.
5.
The protection of surviving the winter: the plant after 1 year carries out the root ridging the first tenday period of a month in the last ten-days period in October to November before going into the winter, and mound requires to reach more than 40 centimetres.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2013102331288A CN103340100A (en) | 2013-06-13 | 2013-06-13 | Method for planting red jujubes in alpine region |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2013102331288A CN103340100A (en) | 2013-06-13 | 2013-06-13 | Method for planting red jujubes in alpine region |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN103340100A true CN103340100A (en) | 2013-10-09 |
Family
ID=49274971
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2013102331288A Pending CN103340100A (en) | 2013-06-13 | 2013-06-13 | Method for planting red jujubes in alpine region |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN103340100A (en) |
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104082048A (en) * | 2014-07-23 | 2014-10-08 | 新疆农垦科学院 | Red date continuous high-yield planting method |
| CN104285750A (en) * | 2014-09-30 | 2015-01-21 | 张家港市杨舍镇善港农民专业合作社 | Planting method of golden silk jujube |
| CN104381070A (en) * | 2014-09-12 | 2015-03-04 | 李凤清 | Method for cultivating jujube trees in high-latitude dry and severely cold region |
| CN104396665A (en) * | 2014-10-27 | 2015-03-11 | 强国生 | Organic red date planting method |
| CN104521573A (en) * | 2014-12-11 | 2015-04-22 | 山西省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Jujube tree trunk beheading and top grafting method |
| CN104642047A (en) * | 2015-03-18 | 2015-05-27 | 民勤县天盛农业科技有限公司 | Culture method for high-quality and high-yield sandy Chinese red dates |
| CN106234138A (en) * | 2016-08-18 | 2016-12-21 | 安庆市宝风农业发展有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of Fructus Jujubae tree seedling |
| CN106550849A (en) * | 2016-11-28 | 2017-04-05 | 郝哲 | A kind of live garden building method of Zizyphus jujuba Mill heliogreenhouse |
| CN107347544A (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2017-11-17 | 石河子大学 | A kind of drip irrigation jujube implantation methods |
| CN111615983A (en) * | 2020-05-28 | 2020-09-04 | 李孔 | Planting technology of Mongolian jujube trees |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103070025A (en) * | 2013-01-22 | 2013-05-01 | 新疆农垦科学院 | Jujube tree grafting method |
-
2013
- 2013-06-13 CN CN2013102331288A patent/CN103340100A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103070025A (en) * | 2013-01-22 | 2013-05-01 | 新疆农垦科学院 | Jujube tree grafting method |
Non-Patent Citations (6)
| Title |
|---|
| 侯登武等: "干旱地区穴播酸枣仁嫁接枣树育苗技术研究", 《陕西林业科技》, no. 4, 15 December 2008 (2008-12-15), pages 45 - 48 * |
| 朱春林等: "枣树机械铺膜播种育苗技术", 《林业实用技术》, no. 9, 15 September 2005 (2005-09-15), pages 22 * |
| 王东健等: "红枣机械膜下播种滴灌育苗的方法", 《北方园艺》, no. 4, 29 February 2012 (2012-02-29), pages 47 - 48 * |
| 陈奇凌等: "北疆鲜枣标准化生产技术", 《林业实用技术》, no. 7, 15 July 2011 (2011-07-15), pages 18 - 19 * |
| 陈奇凌等: "高寒区鲜枣设施促早栽培技术", 《北方园艺》, no. 7, 15 April 2011 (2011-04-15), pages 59 - 60 * |
| 马俊华: "直播酸枣嫁接‘哈密大枣’建园技术", 《北方果树》, no. 5, 10 September 2010 (2010-09-10), pages 24 - 25 * |
Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104082048A (en) * | 2014-07-23 | 2014-10-08 | 新疆农垦科学院 | Red date continuous high-yield planting method |
| CN104082048B (en) * | 2014-07-23 | 2016-01-20 | 新疆农垦科学院 | The implantation methods of red date Sustainable high yield |
| CN104381070A (en) * | 2014-09-12 | 2015-03-04 | 李凤清 | Method for cultivating jujube trees in high-latitude dry and severely cold region |
| CN104285750A (en) * | 2014-09-30 | 2015-01-21 | 张家港市杨舍镇善港农民专业合作社 | Planting method of golden silk jujube |
| CN104396665A (en) * | 2014-10-27 | 2015-03-11 | 强国生 | Organic red date planting method |
| CN104521573A (en) * | 2014-12-11 | 2015-04-22 | 山西省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Jujube tree trunk beheading and top grafting method |
| CN104642047A (en) * | 2015-03-18 | 2015-05-27 | 民勤县天盛农业科技有限公司 | Culture method for high-quality and high-yield sandy Chinese red dates |
| CN106234138A (en) * | 2016-08-18 | 2016-12-21 | 安庆市宝风农业发展有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of Fructus Jujubae tree seedling |
| CN107347544A (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2017-11-17 | 石河子大学 | A kind of drip irrigation jujube implantation methods |
| CN106550849A (en) * | 2016-11-28 | 2017-04-05 | 郝哲 | A kind of live garden building method of Zizyphus jujuba Mill heliogreenhouse |
| CN111615983A (en) * | 2020-05-28 | 2020-09-04 | 李孔 | Planting technology of Mongolian jujube trees |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN102613042B (en) | Method for increasing yield of plums | |
| CN103340100A (en) | Method for planting red jujubes in alpine region | |
| CN102067773B (en) | Method for planting eastern hubei No.1 yam | |
| CN101233811B (en) | Corn stubble-remaining ridge side planting method | |
| CN105359784A (en) | Method for high-yield planting of sweet potatoes | |
| CN104429531B (en) | A kind of Camellia sinensis, frame and alfalfa interplanting method | |
| CN103444481A (en) | Method for planting red dates in gobi field of arid region | |
| CN105660102A (en) | Nest sowing seedling reserving and transplanting dual-purpose rape planting method | |
| CN105010068A (en) | Method for cultivating rapid growing and high-yield fruit trees | |
| CN103385078A (en) | Method for cultivating eggplants in spring greenhouse | |
| CN103636391A (en) | Water-saving method for planting millet hybrids in extreme arid area | |
| CN104082026A (en) | Method for interplanting watermelons in sugarcane field | |
| CN106688542A (en) | Fertilizing and simplified planting method based on rape-rice-rice triple cropping system | |
| CN106508586B (en) | A kind of cultivation technique of young age large cherry interplanting Opius dimidiatus Ashmead | |
| CN104054482A (en) | Method for undersowing watermelons in sugar cane field in early spring | |
| CN104584832B (en) | Method for transplanting taxus chinensis seedlings and interplanting corns | |
| CN113951033A (en) | Method for promoting high yield of durian in warm and humid environment | |
| CN104756685A (en) | Black-skin wax gourd cultivation method | |
| CN104186056B (en) | The cultivation method of a kind of ditch stalk ridge culture | |
| CN105052465A (en) | Mint planting method | |
| CN107646339A (en) | A kind of cultural method of cotton | |
| CN105660080A (en) | Large-scale mint cultivation method | |
| CN104380985A (en) | Open-field, high-quality and efficient cultivation technology for lettuce | |
| CN109328894B (en) | Space layout and cultivation method of forage grass for sheep | |
| CN103704092A (en) | Chinese chestnut and winter wheat mechanical stereo-cultivation method capable of allowing once-seeding and twice-harvesting to be conducted every year |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C12 | Rejection of a patent application after its publication | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20131009 |