CN104082048A - Red date continuous high-yield planting method - Google Patents
Red date continuous high-yield planting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104082048A CN104082048A CN201410353331.3A CN201410353331A CN104082048A CN 104082048 A CN104082048 A CN 104082048A CN 201410353331 A CN201410353331 A CN 201410353331A CN 104082048 A CN104082048 A CN 104082048A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a red date continuous high-yield planting method. The method includes the steps of cultivating rootstock seedlings, grafting scions of the target species to the rootstock, pruning the grafted date trees, and managing the date garden after the date trees are pruned. In the technical scheme, direct-sowing grafting and densely-planting garden constructing are adopted, the density of young growth in the earlier stage is increased, the seedling hardening period is omitted for the nursery stock, topping fruit promoting is conducted for the immature stage, the seedling stage high yield is achieved, and direct-sowing grafting and densely-planting garden constructing are created. During constructed garden pruning from earlier-stage dense planting to high-yield tree cultivating, mainly, permanent trees and temporary trees are determined, the permanent trees are pruned and cultivated into high-yield trees in the sixth year after grafting, and the temporary trees are mainly made to abundantly bear fruits and are intermediately cut. During management after garden constructing, trees are fixed, topping and bud picking are continuously conducted on date top branches, only date hanging branches are left, vegetative growth is promoted to be converted into reproductive growth, and meanwhile girdling and other measures are taken, and the date garden is high in quality and yield.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural field, be specifically related to the implantation methods of the lasting high yield of a kind of red date.
Background technology
Jujube tree belongs to Rhamnaceae jujube, and that cultivates in China is with a long history, is the main cultivation economic tree in many places.The foundation in tradition jujube garden all realizes by tree planting, and because nursery stock price is high, plantation is taken a lot of work, the garden of building of planting seedlings is exactly to plant according to the final seeding row spacing of Cheng Yuan, is also 2m × 4m compared with dense planting Zao garden seeding row spacing, i.e. every mu of 83 strains.This tree planting mode, early stage strain number few, again through seedling-slowing stage, the measure of the short fruit of the pinching of not taking to pinch for making to grow into forest early, the several years ago receipts of planting are like this really less, benefit is low or there is no a benefit; Trees after growing into forest are not taked again fixing tree-like promotion nutrition conversion results measure, fail high yield, therefore affect the enthusiasm of peasant planting jujube tree always.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention is just to provide the implantation methods of the lasting high yield of a kind of red date, and it can realize jujube garden high yield in the short time, and the high-quality of being convenient to red date plantation develops in a healthy way, and realizes scale industrialization.
For achieving the above object, the present invention has adopted following technical scheme:
Red date continues an implantation methods for high yield, and it comprises following operating procedure:
S1: cultivate rootstock seedling;
S2: by the scion grafting of object kind to stock;
S3: grafting jujube tree is carried out to pruning;
S4: jujube tree is pruned shaping Hou Duizao garden and manages.
Concrete operation scheme is:
S1: the cultivation of rootstock seedling
S11: the sowing of rootstock seedling
Select that subterranean water level 1.0m is following, the loam of pH value 6.5～8.5 ground or sandy loam be as planting site, mu is executed 2～3 tons of fertilizers through becoming thoroughly decomposed.Two kinds of patterns after growing into forest according to the garden of building: seeding row spacing 2 × 4m and 2m × 3m, determine sowing seeding row spacing.The employing wide-and narrow-row duplicate rows pattern sowing of seeding row spacing 2 × 4m, i.e. wide line-spacing 1.2m, narrow row is apart from 0.8m, spacing in the rows 0.5m; The employing single line mode sowing of 2m × 3m, line-spacing 1.5m, spacing in the rows 0.5m.Stock seed is wild jujube or Keshen circle jujube, the sowing time in 4 months, the last ten-days period, seeding method is program request on film, touches lower drip irrigation, seeding quantity is every mu of 0.6～1.0kg, 2～3, every cave, sowing depth is advisable with 2～3cm.
S12: the field management of rootstock seedling
After planting just carry out dripping irrigation, continuous water injection 2～3 times, can make seed neatly sprout early, generally broadcasts latter 10 days and starts to emerge, and within 18 days, goes out full stand.Grave mound around seedling in time after emerging, protects jujube seedling, plastics fenestra can be shut again, burns weeds in film to death.When nursery stock grows 5～6 needles, in conjunction with fertigation, every mu of consumption 10～15kg, taking nitrogenous fertilizer as main, impose fertilizer twice with water 7～August again, taking phosphorus potash fertilizer as main.In the time of height of seedling 8～12cm, carry out thinning, 1 strain is stayed in every cave, pinches when high when nursery stock grows to 40～50cm, and thickening growth, in order to grafting in the coming year.Mid or late September cuts off the water, and short its lignification, fills with the water of surviving the winter by the end of October again 1 time.
S2: the grafting of nursery stock
In the spring in next year, when stock rudiment, fill with one time water, to improve graft survival rate and amount of growth.While doing on land for building, just wipe out the above part of stock ground 10cm simultaneously, remove residual branch, weeds in grafting ground, only surplus rootstock seedling stake to be grafted.After carrying out these work, just start to carry out grafting, more early better.Scion variety used is the object kind in Jian Zao garden, can be dry product kind processed, eats kind or fresh and dried dual-purpose kind etc. raw, in the time of the beginning of spring, seals with wax and makes.When grafting, will select scion thickness and stock to match, thickness can not make alignment on one side for the moment as far as possible.In management after grafting, get hold of several key links, grafting is after 10 days, and stock can send wild jujube coppice spout, erase in time, carries out vegetative period 2～3 times, to promote grafting bud to sprout.Grafting will be poured water after 10 days in time, 1 month 3～4 times, pours water the whole year 7～10 times.Execute drip irrigation fertilizer in conjunction with pouring water, mu consumption 15～20kg, annual 2～3 times, early stage, nitrogen took, later stage phosphorus potash fertilizer.
Cultivate and carried out trimming and finishing realization after grafting start whole growth cycle from the garden of founding a capital always high-quality and efficient.
S3: pruning
S31: grafting pruning then
After seedling grafting, in the time that high (trunk) grows into 60～70cm, pinch, pinching when side shoot (Secondary Branch) grows to 50～60cm, with Accelerate bloom result; Individual plant becomes around trunk the cylindrical tree-like of raw 6～7 side shoots, and forest land begins to take shape dense planting jujube garden in early stage.The resulting schema of getting bumper crops the early stage of two kinds of garden building methods forms: i.e. wide-and narrow-row duplicate rows pattern, and wide line-spacing 1.2m, narrow row is apart from 0.8m, spacing in the rows 0.5m; Single line mode, line-spacing 1.5m, spacing in the rows 0.5m.Every mu is respectively 1332 strains and 888 strains, this density be all respectively plant seedlings the garden of building (because of tree planting cost high, can only be by the seeding row spacing field planting of final one-tenth garden) 16 times of density with 8 times, and without the restraining the growth of seedlings phase again premenstruum (premenstrua) short result pruning, thereby reach the object that continues at the very start high yield.
S32: the pruning of 2 years raw jujube trees
Pruning in the 2nd year is mainly the bud picking of constantly pinching, and does not allow high growth and tree crown expansion, only allows large result make to set base portion and increase thick and Secondary Branch is strong, the tree-like and woods shape of maintenance First Year.
S33: the pruning of 3 years raw jujube trees and intermediate cutting
The beginning of spring, become seeding row spacing 2m × 4m or 2m × 3mZao garden as target finally to build garden, determine permanent row (initial stage duplicate rows pattern be to determine a line every three row, single line mode be to determine a line every a line) and row in permanent strain, available red paint marks, and all strains in the interim strain in permanent row and interim row are all interim strains.Intermediate cutting falls the interim strain of each 1 strain in permanent strain both sides, and the spacing in the rows in the permanent row of two-mode all becomes 1m, and interim row is not moving.
Cultivation task is: permanent strain is pruned out to the tree-like and result of high yield early stage, later by the tree-like high yield always of getting bumper crops.To interim strain, in several years that exist, be mainly that the jujube head-germ of constantly erasing only stays jujube to hang bud, make its large result, remove year by year later.
The cultivation of permanent strain accordingly, that the Secondary Branch that retains trunk top (can promote that the major branch blastogenesis of bottom is long, lower same), in the shaping band of its lower about 30cm, select three Secondary Branchs that orientation is different, at 2nd～3 jujube thigh place cutting backs, germination stimulation is taken out the long thick shoot that increases, and the season of growth, other rudiment was with going out with erasing except giving over to that major branch cultivates.In the time that major branch grows to 7～9 Secondary Branchs, carry out pinching, after pinching, the Secondary Branch of top is in outward direction, can assort like this three major branches of ground floor.
S34: the intermediate cutting of 4 years raw jujube trees and pruning
Intermediate cutting: the disposable removing of interim strain in permanent row, and a line of being disposed to adjacent permanent row early stage for duplicate rows pattern time is gone temporarily.
Pruning to permanent strain: wipe out the Secondary Branch that top is stayed, short its axillary bud sprouting is branched out, pinching in the time that shoot grows to 7 Secondary Branchs.To the pruning of major branch, be to wipe out outward from 2 centimetres, second jujube thigh of top Secondary Branch, short its rudiment is branched out again, pinching in the time that shoot grows to 5～6 Secondary Branchs.Adjust a major branch angle and direction with drawing, support method simultaneously, require between three major branches angle 120 ° of left and right, the dry angle of major branch and central authorities is not more than 65 °.
S35: the intermediate cutting of 5 years raw jujube trees and pruning
Intermediate cutting: to the disposable whole intermediate cuttings of interim row.
Pruning to permanent strain: select three Secondary Branchs (being distributed in the horizontal space of ground floor major branch) that orientation is different under the Secondary Branch of top in the shaping band of about 30cm, at 2nd～3 jujube thigh place cutting backs, germination stimulation is taken out the long thick shoot that increases, turn out three major branches of the second layer (the concrete practice is identical with cultivation ground floor branch), the Secondary Branch more than following ground floor major branch of second layer major branch is erased entirely.On ground floor major branch, respectively select a Secondary Branch that direction is consistent at the 3rd jujube thigh place cutting back, short its pinching while growing to 4～6 Secondary Branchs of branching out, turns out first side shoot.
S36: the pruning of 6 years raw jujube trees
Wipe out the Secondary Branch that permanent strain top is stayed, short its axillary bud sprouting is branched out, pinching in the time that shoot grows to 3～5 Secondary Branchs, and no longer short its rudiment of cutting back is branched out.At the opposite of ground floor major branch side shoot cutting back Secondary Branch, turn out second and take turns side shoot; On second layer major branch, respectively select a Secondary Branch that direction is consistent to turn out the side shoot of second layer major branch at the 3rd jujube thigh place cutting back.Cultivating permanent strain becomes high yield and tree-likely completes: jujube tree coronule is dredged a layer shape, three layers of pagoda shape, plant height 1.8～2.3m, hat 2.0～2.5m, 6, major branch, 8～9 of side shoots.
Grafting jujube tree is pruned to the management method after being shaped:
S4: the management after jujube tree is shaped:
S41: prune and local updating
Prune: jujube tree has become to get bumper crops tree-like, substantially fixing through the pruning of 6 years.Annual winter pruning from now on just removes in tree crown between thorax and each layer branch group uprightly, intersection, overlapping and withered branch, thoroughly removes a large amount of lignification jujubes and hangs.Transport outside woods, clear garden is clean.Pruning task mainly concentrates on summer, is mainly constantly erase jujube head, jujube thigh main bud and do not cultivate the newborn branch of object, and not allowing branches out expands hat; Keep jujube here and hang bud, short its nourished and grown and is converted into reproductive growth, grows lignification jujube and hangs, and bears the fruit of a large amount of good quality and high outputs.
Branch group is cultivated and is upgraded: jujube tree high yield tree-like fixing after, be mainly to hang result by jujube thigh pumping jujube on Secondary Branch.Though the jujube thigh life-span can reach 15～20 years, and it is strong to hang many abilities with 4～8 years raw jujubes of light soy sauce, so before the raw decline in 5～7 years of jujube thigh, return the Secondary Branch that crouches raw jujube thigh, stimulate rear portion jujube thigh to bear new jujube head, on new jujube head, produce new jujube thigh, to reach the object of renewal.So the cycle carries out, and accomplishes to upgrade in time and cultivates in time, maintains tree vigo(u)r, extends the high yield time limit, realizes long-term good quality and high output.
S42: pour water
Xinjiang drought and water shortage, irrigates and uses water saving measures, and a year irrigation quantity will remain on 400～500m
3, and get hold of several critical periods, i.e. rudiment water in early stage, rudiment water, florescence water, young fruit expand water, the arid water of sky heat in 7～August.In Winter In Xinjiang is very long, notes strengthening the sufficient water of surviving the winter of filling.Be also noted that, As time goes on, jujube tree grows up, and root system is pricked dark, expanded range, changes juvenile stage along tree row a line drip irrigation, is tree row both sides, edge two row drip irrigations; On filling amount and number of times, in the situation that ensureing that annual feedwater index is constant, strengthen each irrigation volume, reduce annual frequency of irrigation, the water that becomes that the adapts to jujube tree root system development growth fertilizer that becomes, makes root system can prick dark and expand extensively, expands and absorbs nutrition scope and be increased in the Xinjiang cold resistance in severe winter.
S43: fertilising
Make full use of the advantage of the Xinjiang large province of herding, many organic fertilizers, apply every mu of 2～3t as base manure in late October to the November of receiving after jujube.The season of growth particularly will impose chemical fertilizer at budding period, flowering stage and young fruit expanding stage, every mu of 50～80kg, and early stage, the middle and later periods was taking phosphorus potash fertilizer as main taking nitrogenous fertilizer as main.Jujube garden, Southern Xinjiang often lacks some trace elements, the in the situation that of boron deficiency or zinc, can spray continuously 0.2% borax 3～4 times at the florescence, or impose the each 0.5～1.0kg of zinc sulphate, imposes 7～10d interval time 2 times.
S44: other flower and fruit protecting measures
For improving percentage of fertile fruit and amount of growth, can carry out twice girdling at initial bloom stage and full-bloom stage, and meanwhile spray the gibberellin of a 15～20ppm.
S45: the jujube garden extermination of disease and insect pest
The public measures of a, prevention and control damage by disease and insect
Get bumper crops when tree-like in strict accordance with cultivating permanent strain after grafting, the constantly requirement of the interim strain of intermediate cutting, 3rd～5 years after grafting are complete to interim strain intermediate cutting, make in woods density suitable, ventilation and penetrating light, Health of Tree growth.
Prevent trouble before it happens, no matter be occur and damage by disease and insect does not occur, dry branches and fallen leaves and decayed fruit are removed after taking without exception to receive jujube in Dui Zao garden, transport to woods and destroy outward, cut off damage by disease and insect place and the route of transmission of hiding oneself of surviving the winter.Behind Qing Wanzao garden, before jujube tree rudiment with after rudiment, spray respectively 3～5 Baume degrees lime sulfurs and 0.2～0.3 Baume degrees lime sulfur for twice, with sterilization, kill mite and desinsection.
B, damage by disease and insect to normal generation, the measure of the chemical control that notices the suggestion of a new development:
Jujube cecidomyiia: 3000～4000 times of liquid of the decis with 2.5% or 20% fenvalerate, or 2000～3000 times of liquid of children's urine that go out spray elimination.
Two spotted spider mite: spray in time 20% speed and catch and kill 1500 times of liquid or kill 2500～3000 times of liquid of mite profit, or 3000 times of liquid of 15% Avermectin, all mite class is had to good control efficiency.
Jujube black spot: spray 800 times of 70% thiophanate methyl.
In technique scheme, take live grafting dense planting to build garden, increase young growth density in early stage, make nursery stock without the restraining the growth of seedlings phase, children's phase pinches again really short, thereby obtains high yield in seedling stage, has innovated live grafting dense planting and has built garden.Meanwhile determine the permanent strain tree-like cultivation of getting bumper crops, through several years, permanent strain is cultivated and is shaped, complete to interim strain intermediate cutting, jujube garden is built up.In the management of Cheng Yuanhou, fixing tree-like, constantly to jujube head branch, the bud picking of pinching only stays jujube to hang, and impelling nourishes and grows is transformed into reproductive growth, takes the measures such as girdling simultaneously, jujube garden good quality and high output.Realize the live garden of building, with regard to dense planting high yield, cultivate high yield by pruning tree-like early stage, and Cheng Yuanhou continues the more target of high yield, promotes the development of Xinjiang red dates industry.The present invention builds the technical measures of the lasting high yield of garden pruning by the live grafting dense planting of scientific and normal red date, make red date plantation realize fast high yield, so that the good quality and high output of red date plantation develops in a healthy way, realizes scale industrialization.If not according to early stage provided by the invention density and trimming method, do not reach the object of high yield good harvest at the very start; If not along with orderly intermediate cutting is implemented in the growth of trees, can cause closing environmental change in woods, damage by disease and insect seriously occurs, and can not obtain and continue more high yield.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is dense planting in the early stage jujube garden result figure that utilizes the present invention to set up;
Fig. 2 is the jujube pie diagram of receiving after jujube;
Fig. 3 prunes the high yield jujube garden that permanent strain is built up in the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the high yield arborescence of receiving after jujube.
Embodiment
In order to make objects and advantages of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is specifically described.Should be appreciated that following word is only in order to describe one or more concrete embodiments of the present invention, the protection domain of the concrete request of the present invention is not strictly limited.
Production and Construction Corps of Xinjiang group in the Alar Area at edge, Upper Reaches of Tarim River desert, bought in the past a large amount of red date nursery stocks and plants seedlings and build garden from mouth, and price, survival rate are low, and nursery stock is rare again through the restraining the growth of seedlings phase, several years ago without income, built garden speed slow.Within 2006, combine innovation and development mode with universities and colleges, scientific research institutions, implement the live garden of building, build garden from sowing stock seed grafting dense planting and just carry out pruning, realize good quality and high output from start to finish.
The live garden of building: broadcast stock seed, select that subterranean water level 1.0m is following, the sandy loam of pH value 6.5～8.5 is as planting site, mu is executed 3 tons of sheep excrement barnyard manure, builds garden sowing wild jujube seed behind whole complete ground according to two kinds of patterns.It is 2m × 4m that the first is built up seeding row spacing behind jujube garden, adopts the sowing of wide-and narrow-row duplicate rows pattern, i.e. wide line-spacing 1.2m, and narrow row is apart from 0.8m, spacing in the rows 0.5m.It two is to build up jujube garden seeding row spacing 2m × 3m, adopts single line mode sowing, line-spacing 1.5m, spacing in the rows 0.5m.Seed is wild jujube, and the sowing time, seeding method was program request on film in mid-April, and seeding quantity is every mu of 0.6kg, 2～3, every cave, and sowing depth 2～2.5cm, irrigation method is for touching lower drip irrigation.
Field management, after planting just carries out dripping irrigation, continuous water injection 2～3 times in first quarter moon.After broadcasting, within 9～10 days, start to emerge, in 20 days, go out full stand.Just grave mound compacting plastics fenestra around seedling in time after emerging.When nursery stock grows 5～6 needles, in conjunction with fertigation, every mu of consumption 10kg, taking nitrogenous fertilizer as main, impose fertilizer twice with water 7～August again, and every mu of 15kg, taking phosphorus potash fertilizer as main.In the time of height of seedling 10cm, carry out thinning, 1 strain is stayed in every cave.When growing to 40cm, nursery stock pinches when high, thickening growth.Mid or late September cuts off the water, and short its lignification, fills with the water of surviving the winter again 1 time at the beginning of by the end of October or 11 months.
The grafting of nursery stock: in the spring in next year, seal with wax after selecting fine horse jujube and grey jujube annotinous branch to cut and do scion.In the time of stock rudiment, fill with time water, and wipe out the above part of stock ground 10cm, remove residual branch, weeds in grafting ground, only surplus rootstock seedling stake to be grafted.When grafting, will select scion thickness and stock to match, thickness can not make alignment on one side for the moment as far as possible.
Management after grafting: grafting is after 10 days, the coppice spout that the stock of erasing in time sends, vegetative period 2～3 times.Grafting starts dripping irrigation in 10～12 days, 1 month 3 times, pours water the whole year 11 times.Execute drip irrigation fertilizer in conjunction with pouring water, mu consumption 20kg, annual 3 times, nitrogenous fertilizer in earlier stage, later stage phosphorus potash fertilizer.After having grown, nursery stock is live built dense planting jujube garden.
Pruning:
Grafting is built up behind dense planting jujube garden, with regard to pruning, controls height and tree-like, makes its large result and tree base portion increase thick.The 3rd year spring after grafting, according to becoming garden seeding row spacing to determine permanent strain and interim strain, is that to cultivate high yield tree-like and take into account result to pruning the early stage of permanent strain, be exactly according to mode in early stage to the pruning of interim strain, control crown height and make its large result, and along with the tree-like expansion of permanent strain, constantly intermediate cutting is complete.Thereby realization starts whole growth cycle from the garden of founding a capital always high-quality and efficient.
Grafting pruning then:
In the time that grafting grows tall 70cm, pinch, pinching when side shoot (Secondary Branch) grows to 50～60cm (getting sizes values according to line-spacing size), with Accelerate bloom result; Individual plant becomes around trunk the cylindrical tree-like of 6～7 side shoots, and forest land begins to take shape dense planting jujube garden in early stage.The resulting schema of getting bumper crops the early stage of two kinds of garden building methods forms: i.e. wide-and narrow-row duplicate rows pattern, and wide line-spacing 1.2m, narrow row is apart from 0.8m, spacing in the rows 0.5m; Single line mode, line-spacing 1.5m, spacing in the rows 0.5m.Every mu is respectively 1332 strains and 888 strains, this density be respectively plant seedlings the garden of building (because of tree planting cost high, can only be by the seeding row spacing field planting of final one-tenth garden) 16 times of density with 8 times, and urge again the pruning of result premenstruum (premenstrua) without the restraining the growth of seedlings phase, thereby reach the object that continues at the very start high yield, the fresh jujube 210～320kg of per mu yield then.
The pruning of 2 years raw jujube trees:
Pruning in the 2nd year is mainly the bud picking of constantly pinching, and does not allow high growth and tree crown expansion, only allows large result make to set base portion and increase thick and Secondary Branch is strong, the tree-like and woods shape of maintenance First Year (figure mono-: autumn result shape; Figure bis-: receive tree-like after jujube).
The intermediate cutting of 3 years raw jujube trees and pruning
Intermediate cutting: become seeding row spacing 2m × 4m and 2m × 3mZao garden as target finally to build garden the beginning of spring, determine permanent row (initial stage duplicate rows pattern be to determine a line every three row, single line mode be to determine a line every a line) and row in permanent strain, permanent strain can mark with red paint.First intermediate cutting falls the interim strain of each 1 strain in permanent strain both sides, and the spacing in the rows in the permanent row of two-mode all becomes 1m, and interim row is not moving.
Prune: to the pruning of permanent strain, that the Secondary Branch that retains trunk top (can promote that the major branch blastogenesis of bottom is long, lower same), in the shaping band of its lower about 30cm, select three Secondary Branchs that orientation is different, at 2nd～3 jujube thigh place cutting backs, stimulate that rudiment pumping shoot is long to be increased slightly, the season of growth, other rudiment was with going out with erasing except giving over to that major branch cultivates.In the time that major branch grows to 7～9 Secondary Branchs, carry out pinching, after pinching, the Secondary Branch of top is in outward direction.Can assort like this three major branches of ground floor.
To the pruning of interim strain, in several years that exist, be mainly that the jujube head-germ of constantly erasing only stays jujube to hang bud, make its large result, remove year by year later.
The intermediate cutting of 4 years raw jujube trees and pruning
Intermediate cutting: to the disposable removing of interim strain in permanent row, and a line of disposing adjacent permanent row early stage for the duplicate rows pattern time is gone temporarily.
Prune: to the pruning of permanent strain, wipe out the Secondary Branch that top is stayed, short its axillary bud sprouting is branched out, pinching in the time that shoot grows to 7 Secondary Branchs.To the pruning of major branch, be to wipe out outward from 2 centimetres, second jujube thigh of top Secondary Branch, short its rudiment is branched out again, pinching in the time that shoot grows to 5～6 Secondary Branchs (5 Secondary Branch pinching of final line-spacing 3m, 6 Secondary Branch pinching of line-spacing 4m).Adjust a major branch angle and direction with drawing, support method simultaneously, require between three major branches angle 120 ° of left and right, the dry angle of major branch and central authorities is not more than 65 °.
To same the 3rd year of the pruning of interim strain.
The intermediate cutting of 5 years raw jujube trees and pruning
Intermediate cutting: to the disposable whole intermediate cuttings of interim row, so far interim strain intermediate cutting is complete.
Pruning to permanent branch: select three Secondary Branchs (being distributed in the horizontal space of ground floor major branch) that orientation is different under the Secondary Branch of top in the shaping band of about 30cm, at 2nd～3 jujube thigh place cutting backs, germination stimulation is taken out the long thick shoot that increases, turn out three major branches of the second layer (the concrete practice is identical with cultivation ground floor branch), the Secondary Branch more than following ground floor major branch of second layer major branch is erased entirely.On ground floor major branch, respectively select a Secondary Branch that direction is consistent at the 3rd jujube thigh place cutting back, short its pinching while growing to 4～6 Secondary Branchs of branching out, turns out first side shoot.
The pruning of 6 years raw jujube trees
Pruning to permanent branch: wipe out the Secondary Branch that top is stayed, short its axillary bud sprouting is branched out, pinching in the time that shoot grows to 3～5 Secondary Branchs, and no longer short its rudiment of cutting back is branched out.Ground floor major branch side shoot in face of 15～20cm place cutting back Secondary Branch, turn out second and take turns side shoot (method with cultivation first round side shoot); On second layer major branch, respectively select a Secondary Branch that direction is consistent to turn out the side shoot (method is with the side shoot of cultivating ground floor major branch) of second layer major branch at the 3rd jujube thigh place cutting back.Like this, the dry logical control growth of pinching in a few years in permanent strain center; Ground floor major branch stimulates by secondary cutting back, and second layer major branch stimulates by cutting back, and the 3rd layer stimulates without cutting back, and cultivating permanent strain becomes that high yield is tree-like completes; Jujube tree coronule is dredged layer shape, three layers of pagoda shape, plant height 2.0m, hat 2.0～2.5m, 6, major branch, 9 of side shoots.
Pruning and management after jujube tree is shaped:
Prune:
To the tree-like pruning of getting bumper crops: jujube tree has become to get bumper crops tree-like, substantially fixing through the pruning of 6 years.That annual winter pruning from now on just removes is upright between thorax and each layer branch group in tree crown, intersection, overlapping and withered branch, thoroughly removes a large amount of lignification jujubes and hangs, and transports outside woods, and garden is clean clearly.Pruning task mainly concentrates on summer, is mainly constantly erase jujube head, jujube thigh main bud and do not cultivate the newborn branch of object, and not allowing branches out expands hat; Only staying jujube to hang allows it yield positive results.Prune like this, short its nourished and grown and is converted into reproductive growth, grows lignification jujube and hangs, and bears the fruit of a large amount of good quality and high outputs, as shown in Fig. 1～4.In the time that labour takes it easy, also jujube is lifted up into row pinching, to reduce bearing fruit of flower in latter stage, promote the growth of early stage fruit.
Branch group renewal pruning: jujube tree is got bumper crops after tree-like fixing is mainly to hang result by jujube thigh pumping jujube on Secondary Branch.Though the jujube thigh life-span can reach 15～20 years, and it is strong to hang many abilities with 4～8 years raw jujubes of light soy sauce, so before the raw decline in 5 years of jujube thigh, return the Secondary Branch that crouches raw jujube thigh, stimulate rear portion jujube thigh to bear new jujube head, on new jujube head, produce new jujube thigh, to reach the object of renewal.So the cycle carries out, and accomplishes to upgrade in time and cultivates in time, maintains tree vigo(u)r, extends the high yield time limit, realizes long-term good quality and high output.
Management:
Pour water: Xinjiang drought and water shortage, to irrigate and use water saving measures, a year irrigation quantity will remain on 400m
3～450m
3, and filled with water in rudiment early stage, rudiment water, florescence water, young fruit and expanded twice of water, 7～8 water, each 28m
3～32m
3, annual 12 times, the water of surviving the winter for the last time strengthens irrigation volume and reaches 50m
3～60m
3, with spend Xinjiang very long again arid winter.And changing for the 4th year along tree row a line drip irrigation as setting row both sides two row drip irrigations in edge after grafting.On filling amount and number of times, in the situation that ensureing that annual feedwater index is constant, strengthen each irrigation volume to 35m
3～40m
3, reducing annual frequency of irrigation is 9～11 times, adapts to root system and can prick deeply and the cold resistance that expansion is wide and increase is survived the winter.
Fertilising: apply 2t base manure every mu of tree row trench digging in annual late October to November of receiving after jujube.To impose chemical fertilizer at budding period, flowering stage and young fruit expanding stage, every mu of 35kg, early stage, the middle and later periods was taking phosphorus potash fertilizer as main taking nitrogenous fertilizer as main, the night soil that also will pour into good conditionsi.Lack trace element according to plot different, what have sprays 0.2% borax 3 times continuously at the florescence; What have imposes the each 0.75kg of zinc sulphate, 2 times, 10d left and right.
Other flower and fruit protecting measures: for improving percentage of fertile fruit and amount of growth, to planting more than 5 years, leading thread reaches the jujube tree of 8cm, and what initial bloom stage and full-bloom stage carry out twice girdling, and meanwhile spray the gibberellin of a 15～20ppm.
The extermination of disease and insect pest:
A, become behind dense planting jujube garden according to grafting, cultivate permanent strain high yield on one side tree-like, the constantly requirement of the interim strain of intermediate cutting on one side, by step, 3～5 years after grafting are complete to interim strain intermediate cutting, make in woods density suitable, ventilation and penetrating light, Health of Tree growth.Do not cause closing in woods because intermediate cutting is not in place, damage by disease and insect phenomenon is grown in environmental change.
B, for preventing trouble before it happens, at the beginning of by the end of October or 11 months, receive after jujube and take without exception to remove dry branches and fallen leaves and decayed fruit, transport to woods and destroy outward, eliminate disease worm source.
Behind c, Qing Wanzao garden, before the rudiment of what jujube tree with after rudiment, spray respectively 3～5 and 0.2～0.3 Baume degrees lime sulfur for twice, with sterilization, kill mite and desinsection.
To main diseases insect pest, the measure of carrying out chemical control in the time noticing the suggestion of a new development is:
D, jujube cecidomyiia: how to occur in the beginning of spring, in the time finding that there is the jujube cecidomyiia symptom of a trend, spray 2000～3000 times of liquid of children's urine, received good result.
E, two spotted spider mite: how in the time that occur 7～August, spray 20% speed and catch and kill 1500 times of liquid or 3000 times of liquid of 15% Avermectin, all played good control efficiency.
F, jujube black spot: when finding that jujube fruit has had black spot to spray in time 800 times of 70% thiophanate methyl, can prevent and treat preferably.
This group adopts the live grafting dense planting of red date to build the method for the lasting high yield of garden pruning, the fresh jujube 200～300kg of First Year per mu yield of grafting, Second Year 400kg, the 3rd year 600～800kg, after the 4th year, per mu yield reaches 900～1200kg, has realized group's red dates industry healthy and rapid development.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; should be understood that; for those skilled in the art; record after content knowing in the present invention; under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention; can also it be made some equal conversion and be substituted, these convert on an equal basis and substitute and also should be considered as belonging to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. red date continues an implantation methods for high yield, and it comprises following operating procedure:
S1: cultivate rootstock seedling;
S2: by the scion grafting of object kind to stock;
S3: grafting jujube tree is carried out to pruning;
S4: jujube tree is pruned shaping Hou Duizao garden and manages;
In S3, grafting jujube tree is carried out to pruning and comprises following operation:
S31: grafting pruning then
While growing into 60～70cm after seedling grafting, pinch, pinching when side shoot grows to 50～60cm; Individual plant becomes around trunk the cylindrical tree-like of raw 6～7 side shoots, and forest land begins to take shape dense planting jujube garden in early stage, and every mu of cultivation has 888～1332 strain grafting jujube trees;
S32: the pruning of biennial jujube tree
Continue the bud picking of pinching, hinder high growth and tree crown expansion, make grafting jujube tree large result and make to set base portion to increase thick and Secondary Branch is strong, the tree-like and woods shape of maintenance First Year;
S33: the pruning of 3 years raw jujube trees and intermediate cutting
In the beginning of spring, become seeding row spacing 2m × 4m or 2m × 3mZao garden as target finally to build garden, determines the permanent strain in permanent row, interim row the permanent row of mark, and intermediate cutting falls the interim strain of each 1 strain in permanent strain both sides, makes the spacing in the rows in permanent row be 1m, and interim row is moving;
The Secondary Branch that retains trunk top for permanent strain is selected three Secondary Branchs that orientation is different in the shaping band of its lower about 30cm, at 2nd～3 jujube thigh place cutting backs, germination stimulation is taken out the long thick shoot that increases, and the season of growth, other rudiment was with going out with erasing except giving over to that major branch cultivates.In the time that major branch grows to 7～9 Secondary Branchs, carry out pinching, after pinching, the Secondary Branch of top is in outward direction; In several years that exist, be mainly that the jujube head-germ of constantly erasing only stays jujube to hang bud for interim strain, make its large result, remove year by year later;
S34: the intermediate cutting of 4 years raw jujube trees and pruning
Intermediate cutting: the disposable removing of interim strain in permanent row, and a line of being disposed to adjacent permanent row early stage for duplicate rows pattern time is gone temporarily;
Pruning to permanent strain: wipe out the Secondary Branch that top is stayed, short its axillary bud sprouting is branched out, pinching in the time that shoot grows to 7 Secondary Branchs; To the pruning of major branch, be to wipe out outward from 2 centimetres, second jujube thigh of top Secondary Branch, short its rudiment is branched out again, pinching in the time that shoot grows to 5～6 Secondary Branchs;
S35: the intermediate cutting of 5 years raw jujube trees and pruning
Intermediate cutting: to the disposable whole intermediate cuttings of interim row;
Pruning to permanent strain: select three Secondary Branchs that orientation is different under the Secondary Branch of top in the shaping band of about 30cm, at 2nd～3 jujube thigh place cutting backs, germination stimulation is taken out the long thick shoot that increases, turn out three major branches of the second layer, the Secondary Branch more than following ground floor major branch of second layer major branch is erased entirely, on ground floor major branch, respectively select a Secondary Branch that direction is consistent at the 3rd jujube thigh place cutting back, short its pinching while growing to 4～6 Secondary Branchs of branching out, turns out first side shoot;
S36: the pruning of 6 years raw jujube trees
Wipe out the Secondary Branch that permanent strain top is stayed, short its axillary bud sprouting is branched out, pinching in the time that shoot grows to 3～5 Secondary Branchs, and no longer short its rudiment of cutting back is branched out, and cultivating permanent strain, to become high yield tree-like.
2. red date according to claim 1 continues the implantation methods of high yield, it is characterized in that, the concrete operations of cultivating rootstock seedling in S1 are:
S11: the sowing of rootstock seedling:
Select that subterranean water level 1.0m is following, the loam of pH value 6.5～8.5 ground or sandy loam be as planting site, mu is executed 2～3 tons of fertilizers through becoming thoroughly decomposed, mode decision sowing seeding row spacing after growing into forest according to the garden of building, stock seed is wild jujube or Keshen circle jujube, sowing time in 4 months, the last ten-days period, seeding quantity is every mu of 0.6～1.0kg, 2～3, every cave, and sowing depth is 2～3cm;
S12: the field management of rootstock seedling
After planting just carry out dripping irrigation, continuous water injection 2～3 times, grave mound around seedling in time after emerging, when nursery stock grows 5～6 needles, in conjunction with fertigation, every mu of consumption 10～15kg, taking nitrogenous fertilizer as main, impose fertilizer twice with water 7～August again, taking phosphorus potash fertilizer as main, in the time of height of seedling 8～12cm, carry out thinning, 1 strain is stayed in every cave, pinches when high when nursery stock grows to 40～50cm, thickening growth, in order to grafting in the coming year, mid or late September cuts off the water, short its lignification, fills with the water of surviving the winter by the end of October again 1 time.
3. red date according to claim 1 continues the implantation methods of high yield, it is characterized in that, the concrete operations of S2 are: the spring in next year, when stock rudiment, fill with water one time, when dry on land for building, just wipe out the above part of stock ground 10cm, grafting scion in rootstock seedling stake, the coppice spout that will erase in time on stock after grafting, carries out 2～3 vegetative period, grafting will be poured water after 10 days in time, 1 month 3～4 times, pour water the whole year 7～10 times, and execute drip irrigation fertilizer in conjunction with pouring water, mu consumption 15～20kg, annual 2～3 times, early stage, nitrogen took, later stage phosphorus potash fertilizer.
4. continue the implantation methods of high yield according to the red date described in claim 1 or 2 or 3, it is characterized in that, in S34 for the pruning of permanent strain: adjust a major branch angle and direction with drawing, support a method, require between three major branches angle 120 ° of left and right, the dry angle of major branch and central authorities is not more than 65 °.
5. the implantation methods that continues high yield according to the red date described in claim 1 or 2 or 3, is characterized in that, prunes postforming jujube tree and is three layers of pagoda shape, plant height 1.8～2.3m, hat 2.0～2.5m, 6, major branch, 8～9 of side shoots in S36.
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