CN115039620B - Pruning method for promoting jujube tree branch forming force - Google Patents
Pruning method for promoting jujube tree branch forming force Download PDFInfo
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- CN115039620B CN115039620B CN202210588642.2A CN202210588642A CN115039620B CN 115039620 B CN115039620 B CN 115039620B CN 202210588642 A CN202210588642 A CN 202210588642A CN 115039620 B CN115039620 B CN 115039620B
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- 244000126002 Ziziphus vulgaris Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 235000008529 Ziziphus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 241001247821 Ziziphus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000005059 dormancy Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 abstract description 16
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 5
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 4
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003275 diaphysis Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000003631 expected effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003716 rejuvenation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009105 vegetative growth Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G3/00—Cutting implements specially adapted for horticultural purposes; Delimbing standing trees
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a pruning method for promoting the branch forming force of a jujube tree, belonging to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation. The trimming method comprises two cutting and girdling; the two-strand chopping includes: selecting main branches or secondary branches to be promoted to sprout, reserving two jujube strands from the base, shearing off the branches above the second jujube strand, and reserving the two jujube strands; the girdling comprises: and (3) cutting a circle above the trunk where the base parts of the two short cut main branches or secondary branches are positioned. The jujube tree plants are treated in a two-strand cutting and girdling mode, so that the germination rate can be increased to a greater extent than that of a common single girdling mode, and the branch forming force is improved; the existence of weak branches can be reduced, the tree shape can be optimized, and the management is simplified; the tree body can be uniformly and fully irradiated after one to two years of cultivation, the consistency of the quality of fruits is improved, and standardized production is facilitated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, and particularly relates to a pruning method for promoting the branch forming force of a jujube tree.
Background
Jujube is a special fruit tree with China original products and international competitive advantage. Since the 80 s of the 20 th century, high-yield cultivation techniques matched with main cultivars have been developed and promoted. Currently, the jujube industry is in a transition from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture. Along with the transformation of jujube industry, the labor-saving, safe, high-quality and high-efficiency light simplified cultivation technology is gradually replacing the old cultivation technology system. Fine seeds are selected, reasonable tree forms are adopted, light and simplified management is realized, and the method is important content for labor-saving and efficient cultivation of jujube trees.
In jujube tree cultivation, usually in the young tree shaping stage, backbone branches and few branches are cultivated by utilizing short cut; in the later stage, the jujube head germination is promoted by adopting a girdling mode to weaken the influence of weak branch forming force on the jujube tree. But different varieties have different growth characteristics, and the matched pruning technology can also have different shapes. For example, the jujube tree variety 'moonlight', which belongs to early-maturing fresh food seeds, is discovered in the production process, and continuously grows along with the 'moonlight', and shows the characteristics of weak branch forming force and strong dryness, and even the phenomenon of irregular main branches occurs. The shaping mode of the front-back matching adopted in the prior art can promote the germination of the jujube heads to a certain extent, but cannot achieve the expected effect to culture a plurality of diaphysis. The 'moonlight' is weak in branch forming force, so that strong main branches cannot sprout secondary branches or secondary branches cannot sprout any more in the growing process, backbone branches weaken fruiting-free branches, the whole branches are overgrown, nutrition is consumed, and no fruiting phenomenon exists. Therefore, it is necessary to promote the germination of new jujube head branches of the weak-branch-forming jujube tree such as 'moonlight' by a more effective shaping and pruning method, so as to realize updating and rejuvenation, improve the yield, more efficiently utilize nutrition generated by the tree body, form a reasonable tree shape and facilitate labor-saving management.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention aims to provide a pruning method for promoting the branch forming force of the jujube tree, promoting the germination of adventitious buds, forming jujube head branches, improving tree shape and improving yield.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
A pruning method for promoting the branch forming force of jujube tree comprises two strands of short cuts and girdling;
the two-strand chopping includes: selecting main branches or secondary branches to be promoted to sprout, reserving two jujube strands from the base, shearing off the branches above the second jujube strand, and reserving the two jujube strands;
The girdling comprises: and (3) cutting a circle above the trunk where the base parts of the two short cut main branches or secondary branches are positioned.
Preferably, the jujube tree is weak in branch forming force, strong main branches cannot sprout secondary branches or secondary branches cannot sprout any more in the growing process, and backbone branches weaken jujube trees without fruiting branches.
More preferably, the jujube tree is a 3-5 year old sapling.
Preferably, the two cuts are made before the jujube tree is un-dormant and not germinated in spring.
Preferably, the cut branch is a branch of more than 1cm above the second jujube strand.
Preferably, the girdling part is 1-2cm above the trunk where the base of the two short main branches or secondary branches is located.
Preferably, the girdling depth is to the xylem.
Preferably, the pruning further comprises the steps of picking the core of the new jujube head branch to be germinated, and carrying out branch pulling, shaping, pruning and cultivation in the next year to form a new main branch.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a pruning method for promoting the pruning force of jujube trees, which can greatly increase the germination rate and improve the pruning force by treating jujube tree plants in a two-strand cutting and girdling mode compared with a common single girdling mode.
The two-strand cutting and girdling treatment is carried out on the jujube plants with weak branch forming force, so that the existence of weak branches can be reduced, the tree shape is optimized, and the management is simplified.
Through two-strand chopping and girdling treatment, the jujube tree body can be uniformly and fully subjected to light receiving after one to two years of cultivation, the consistency of fruit quality is improved, and standardized production is facilitated.
Drawings
Fig. 1: two-strand cutting and girdling schematic diagrams of the jujube tree.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a pruning method for promoting the branch forming force of a jujube tree, which promotes the germination of adventitious buds of the jujube tree, forms jujube head branches, improves tree shape and improves yield; wherein the two stubs comprise: selecting main branches or secondary branches to be promoted to sprout, reserving two jujube strands from the base, shearing off the branches above the second jujube strand, and reserving the two jujube strands; the girdling comprises: and (3) cutting a circle above the trunk where the base parts of the two short cut main branches or secondary branches are positioned.
The invention preferably selects the jujube tree with weak branch forming force, strong main branches can not sprout secondary branches or secondary branches can not sprout any more in the growing process, and backbone branches weaken jujube trees without bearing branches; more preferably, the jujube tree is a 3-5 year old sapling. The invention mainly aims at pruning young jujube trees with weak branch forming power to increase germination rate, improve branch forming power and optimize tree forms, including but not limited to 'moonlight' and other jujube tree varieties with weak branch forming power.
The invention preferably uses two chopping steps before the jujube tree is released from dormancy in spring and does not germinate, and more preferably uses the last three days of March. In the invention, when two strands are preferably cut, the cutting part is positioned 1cm above the second jujube strand, namely, the branches above the second jujube strand by more than 1cm are cut off, so that the two strands can sprout new jujube heads.
In the invention, preferably, the girdling part is 1-2cm above the trunk where the base part of two short-cut main branches or secondary branches is positioned, and the girdling depth reaches the xylem without damaging the xylem. The girdling can temporarily block the nutrient transportation of the jujube tree, promote the germination of adventitious buds and form jujube head branches.
The pruning method also comprises the steps of picking the head branches of the new jujube to be germinated, pruning and cultivating the new main branches in the next year; it is further preferred that the pinching period is the later stage of vegetative growth of the tree.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Selecting 3-year-old 'moonlight' young date trees with weak branch forming force, and selecting perennial main branches or secondary branches to promote germination before dormancy is released in spring and germination is not carried out; two jujube strands are left from the base of the selected branch, and the upper half part is cut off vertically by a branch shears at a position 1cm above the second jujube strand; then, a circle of cutting is carried out on the position 1cm above the trunk where the base part of the main branch or the secondary branch which is subjected to two-strand cutting is positioned by a cutting knife, and the cutting depth reaches the xylem; and (5) picking the core of the new jujube head branch to sprout, and carrying out branch pulling, pruning and cultivation to form a new main branch next year.
Example 2
Selecting 4-year-old young jujube trees with weak branch forming force, and selecting perennial main branches or secondary branches to promote germination before dormancy is released and germination is not carried out in spring; two jujube strands are left from the base of the selected branch, and the upper half part is cut off vertically by a branch shears at a position 1cm above the second jujube strand; then, a circle of girdling is carried out on the position 1.5cm above the trunk where the base part of the main branch or the secondary branch which is subjected to two-strand girdling is positioned, and the girdling depth reaches the xylem; and (5) picking the core of the new jujube head branch to sprout, and carrying out branch pulling, pruning and cultivation to form a new main branch next year.
Example 3
Selecting a young jujube tree with weak branch forming power and 5 years old, and selecting a main branch or a secondary branch of the jujube tree with the young jujube tree to promote germination before the jujube tree is released from dormancy and does not germinate in spring; two jujube strands are left from the base of the selected branch, and the upper half part is cut off vertically by a branch shears at a position 1cm above the second jujube strand; then, a circle of cutting is carried out on the position 2cm above the trunk where the base part of the main branch or the secondary branch which is subjected to two-strand cutting is positioned by a cutting knife, and the cutting depth reaches the xylem; and (5) picking the core of the new jujube head branch to sprout, and carrying out branch pulling, pruning and cultivation to form a new main branch next year.
Example 4
Influence of pruning method on jujube tree germination condition
In a standardized demonstration garden, 40 'moonlight' 3-5 annual plants with a main trunk and a plurality of main branches are randomly selected and are divided into 4 groups for treatment.
The four groups are respectively subjected to one-strand chopping, one-strand chopping and girdling, two-strand chopping and girdling treatment. 3 main branches of each tree are continuously selected in the middle of the trunk for chopping.
Before the 'moonlight' jujube is released from dormancy in spring and does not germinate (i.e. the last ten days of March), selecting perennial main branches or secondary branches to promote germination for treatment.
The first group leaves a jujube strand at the base of the secondary branch to be processed, and the upper half part is vertically cut off by a branch shear at a position 1cm above the jujube strand (namely, a strand is cut off); the second group is based on one strand of cutting, and a cutting knife is used for cutting a circle at the position 1-2 cm above the trunk where the base part of the main branch or the secondary branch is positioned (namely one strand of cutting and girdling treatment); the third group leaves two jujube strands at the base of the secondary branch to be processed, and cuts off the upper half part vertically by a branch shear at a position 1cm above the second jujube strand (namely two-strand chopping processing); and the fourth group is based on two-strand cutting, and a girdling knife is used for girdling a circle (namely two-strand cutting and girdling treatment) at the position 1-2 cm above the trunk where the base part of the main cutting branch or the secondary cutting branch is positioned.
After the nutritional growth later period of the tree, the jujube head branches are subjected to core picking, after the nutritional growth is finished, the conditions of the newly-grown jujube head branches are investigated, the hair rate of one strand of cutting treatment is 16.67%, the cutting and girdling treatment of one strand of cutting treatment is 30.00%, the cutting and girdling treatment of two strands of cutting treatment is 18.33%, and the cutting and girdling treatment of two strands of cutting treatment is 36.67%; wherein the growth of the new-born date heads is substantially consistent, as shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 jujube tree pruning conditions with different pruning methods
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A pruning method for promoting the branch forming force of jujube trees is characterized by comprising two strands of short cuts and girdling;
the two-strand chopping includes: selecting main branches or secondary branches to be promoted to sprout, reserving two jujube strands from the base, shearing off the branches above the second jujube strand, and reserving the two jujube strands;
The girdling comprises: a circle of cutting is carried out above the trunk where the base parts of the two short cut main branches or secondary branches are positioned;
the jujube tree grows for 3-5 years, the branch forming force is weak, strong main branches cannot sprout secondary branches or secondary branches cannot sprout any more in the growing process, and backbone branches weaken jujube trees without bearing branches;
Two-strand chopping and girdling are carried out before the jujube tree is released from dormancy in spring and does not germinate;
the girdling part is 1-2cm above the trunk where the base parts of two short-cut main branches or secondary branches are positioned;
the jujube tree is a moonlight jujube tree.
2. The pruning method for promoting the branch forming force of jujube trees according to claim 1, wherein the pruned branches are more than 1cm above the second jujube strand.
3. The method of pruning for promoting the branching of a jujube tree according to claim 1, wherein the girdling depth is to the xylem.
4. The pruning method for promoting the branch forming force of the jujube tree according to claim 1, wherein the pruning further comprises the steps of head branch pruning of the new jujube to be germinated, pinching, and pruning to form a new main branch in the next year.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210588642.2A CN115039620B (en) | 2022-05-26 | 2022-05-26 | Pruning method for promoting jujube tree branch forming force |
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| CN202210588642.2A CN115039620B (en) | 2022-05-26 | 2022-05-26 | Pruning method for promoting jujube tree branch forming force |
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| CN115039620A CN115039620A (en) | 2022-09-13 |
| CN115039620B true CN115039620B (en) | 2024-04-26 |
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104082048A (en) * | 2014-07-23 | 2014-10-08 | 新疆农垦科学院 | Red date continuous high-yield planting method |
| CN104604615A (en) * | 2013-11-01 | 2015-05-13 | 天津市蓟县张良苗木种植专业合作社 | Tree shape cultivation method for winter jujube tree |
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| HUE059456T2 (en) * | 2018-04-26 | 2022-11-28 | Feno Soc Consortile A Responsabilita | Growing method of fruit trees and associated tree |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104604615A (en) * | 2013-11-01 | 2015-05-13 | 天津市蓟县张良苗木种植专业合作社 | Tree shape cultivation method for winter jujube tree |
| CN104082048A (en) * | 2014-07-23 | 2014-10-08 | 新疆农垦科学院 | Red date continuous high-yield planting method |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 不同修剪方法对鲁北冬枣盛果期树生长结果的影响;门福柱,郭刚,王学锋,贾立新,刘庆革;落叶果树(第05期);110-12 * |
| 短截二次枝培养骨干枝效果试验;刘廷俊;丁婕;杨玲;祁伟;张勤;顾文;;山西果树(第02期);8,9 * |
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