CN104604615A - Tree shape cultivation method for winter jujube tree - Google Patents
Tree shape cultivation method for winter jujube tree Download PDFInfo
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- CN104604615A CN104604615A CN201310535794.7A CN201310535794A CN104604615A CN 104604615 A CN104604615 A CN 104604615A CN 201310535794 A CN201310535794 A CN 201310535794A CN 104604615 A CN104604615 A CN 104604615A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a tree shape cultivation method for a winter jujube tree. The tree shape is designed as follows: the short wall shaped tree has one central trunk of 50 cm tall and 2-3 layers of main branches; each layer contains two main branches, and the two main branches parallel extend in the opposite directions; the angles formed by the main branches and the central trunk are 75-85 degrees; a plurality of fruit bearing branch groups are kept in empty spaces at two sides of the main branches; the fruit bearing branch groups are perpendicular to the extending direction of the main branches and form an angle of 70-80 degrees with the central trunk; the fruit bearing branch groups are 50-60 cm long, and the tree height is 2.5 m, which facilitates picking; tree shape forming is completed in 2-3 years, and the planting row spacing is (1.5-2)*(2-3) meters. The tree shape in the invention has a low tree height and a reduced crown depth, so that drug spraying for pest control becomes easy and drug liquid is easy to spray to the top and internal of the tree crown, thereby improving the pest control effect.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agriculture field, especially a kind of winter jujube jujube tree tree-like cultural method.
Background technology
Jujube tree is a kind of fruit tree of longevity, happiness light, and vegetative period is long, and fruiting period is long, and general grafting just had certain output, century-old veteran result in the same old way after 3 years.In the vegetative period that this is very long, the pruning of jujube tree branch just seems very important.
Winter jujube, has another name called Zhanhua winter jujube, northern Shandong winter jujube, large in fruit, subcircular; Mean fruit weight 14g, the heavy 23.2g of maximum fruit, size is more neat; Pericarp is thin and crisp, ember, and the tender and crisp juice of pulp is many, extremely sweet, somewhat tart flavour and the pungent taste of grass, without slag, eat sugar content 40% raw, edible rate 96.9%, quality extremely goes up, and fruit late September enters the white ripe phase, mid-October full maturity, picking time is long, large in tree body, tree crown is opened a business, and send out principal stresses medium, branches and leaves are closeer, developmental branch puce, more smooth, acupuncture is degenerated, spend little and many, fruit-setting rate is general, and need carry out band girdle at the florescence can high yield.Adaptability is comparatively strong, all can growth result preferably on clay, sandy soil and light saline land, and 3 annual bearings after field planting, output is medium.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to improve the trimming method of a kind of winter jujube jujube tree, to improve the efficiency and extermination of disease and insect pest effect that Zizyphus jujuba Mill manually plucks.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
Winter jujube jujube tree a tree-like cultural method, step is as follows:
(1) the trunk height of jujube tree controls at 2.8-3.4 meters, determines limb height 90 centimetres;
(2) to be tree-likely designed to: short wall shape is tree-like establishes dry high 50cm, 1 center is had to do, layer 2-3 major branch, every layer raw 2 major branches, 2 major branches are that rightabout direct motion is to extension, the angle that major branch and center are done is 75-85 degree, the position had living space in the both sides of major branch leave fruit-bearing shoot cluster several, fruit-bearing shoot cluster and row are to vertical, and the angle dry with center is 70-80 degree, fruit bearing shoot group leader 50-60cm, the height of tree is at 2.5m, be beneficial to pluck, 2-3 completes shaping, and being suitable for this tree-like seeding row spacing of planting is (1.5-2) ╳ (2-3) rice;
The dry upper spiral in ⑶ center is uniformly distributed 20 little major branches, little major branch spacing 22 centimetres, and little major branch extends with the angle of about 78 degree;
(4) below every mu of field planting 90 strain; After jujube tree field planting, when jujube tree diameter reaches 2.8-3.5 cm, tree-likely surely to do in relevant position by cultivated, fixed dry after the 2nd year, branch of selecting and remain from shaping strip;
(5) stay branch to prune;
(6) select and remain when to stay a growing upright, strong branch is done central authorities leader and is done, 3-4 little major branches of selecting and remain under it, and all the other branches are thinning out;
(7) determine the 2nd year after doing, the jujube head of the dry elongated shoot in center of being used as, 80-120 centimeters cutting backs on the 1st branch, 4-6 Secondary Branchs are stayed under clip, if Secondary Branch is healthy and strong, when rugosity is more than 1.5 centimetres, base portion 1-2 jujube stock cutting backs can be stayed, utilize the main bud on jujube stock to sprout and cultivate major branch, as Secondary Branch is thin and delicate, when rugosity is below 1.5 centimetres, can remove from base portion, the main bud germinating on trunk is utilized to cultivate major branch, after field planting, the dry secateurs that extends in the 3rd Nian center stays 40-60 centimetres, 2-3 Secondary Branchs are stayed under clip, Secondary Branch processing method same the previous year, shaping can be cultivated through 4 years like this after surely dry.
And, describedly stay branch to prune other the newborn jujube heads doing upper growth to center to stay 50-60cm to cut to cut, be trained auxiliary support branch, auxiliary support branch with capable to vertical, the angle dry with center is 70-80 degree, carries out pinching to not having the newborn jujube head of growing space when Second Year rudiment in spring; Draw branch to the raw jujube head in the side that major branch is sprouted, the angle dry with center is 70-80 degree, cut to lengthen at 50-60cm, to be trained fruit-bearing shoot cluster.
The invention solves winter jujube tool to have the following advantages:
1, the jujube tree that the present invention prunes reduces tree height, can climb tree during artificial hand getting, to avoid in the process of climbing tree by the danger that jujube tree scolus is stabbed, reduces harvesting operating risk.The design of crown depth can reach tree crown central authorities with the arm of people and be as the criterion, and has taken into full account the convenience of handwork, has improve operating efficiency.
2, jujube tree of the present invention tree-like reduces the height of tree, reduces crown depth, makes the spray medicine operation during extermination of disease and insect pest become easy, easily makes liquid be sprayed onto tree crown top and interior thorax, improve diseases and pests controlling effect.
3, jujube tree of the present invention is tree-like short and small, is suitable for dense planting, is conducive to the early high-yield realizing Zizyphus jujuba Mill cultivation.
4, the crown depth after the present invention's pruning is little, and uniform illumination in tree crown, Zizyphus jujuba Mill fruit quality is high.
5, the tree-like tree crown after the present invention's pruning is little, is shaped fast, reduces the working strength that pruning waits item operation.
6, the tree-like tree crown after the present invention's pruning follows to forming neat hedge wall-like, is conducive to the operation of small-sized machine in the ranks.
Embodiment
Below by specific embodiment, the invention will be further described, and following examples are descriptive, is not determinate, can not limit protection scope of the present invention with this.
Winter jujube jujube tree a tree-like cultural method, step is as follows:
(1) the trunk height of jujube tree controls at 2.8-3.4 meters, determines limb height 90 centimetres;
(2) to be tree-likely designed to: short wall shape is tree-like establishes dry high 50cm, 1 center is had to do, layer 2-3 major branch, every layer raw 2 major branches, 2 major branches are that rightabout direct motion is to extension, the angle that major branch and center are done is 75-85 degree, the position had living space in the both sides of major branch leave fruit-bearing shoot cluster several, fruit-bearing shoot cluster and row are to vertical, and the angle dry with center is 70-80 degree, fruit bearing shoot group leader 50-60cm, the height of tree is at 2.5m, be beneficial to pluck, 2-3 completes shaping, and being suitable for this tree-like seeding row spacing of planting is (1.5-2) ╳ (2-3) rice.
The dry upper spiral in ⑶ center is uniformly distributed 20 little major branches, little major branch spacing 22 centimetres, and little major branch extends with the angle of about 78 degree;
(4) below every mu of field planting 90 strain; After jujube tree field planting, when jujube tree diameter reaches 2.8-3.5 cm, tree-likely surely to do in relevant position by cultivated, fixed dry after the 2nd year, branch of selecting and remain from shaping strip;
(5) stay branch to prune, other the newborn jujube heads doing upper growth to center stay 50-60cm to cut and cut, be trained auxiliary support branch, and auxiliary support branch and row are to vertical, and the angle done with center is 70-80 degree, carry out pinching to not having the newborn jujube head of growing space when Second Year rudiment in spring; Draw branch to the raw jujube head in the side that major branch is sprouted, the angle dry with center is 70-80 degree, cut to lengthen at 50-60cm, to be trained fruit-bearing shoot cluster.
(6) select and remain when to stay a growing upright, strong branch is done central authorities leader and is done, 3-4 little major branches of selecting and remain under it, and all the other branches are thinning out;
(7) determine the 2nd year after doing, the jujube head of the dry elongated shoot in center of being used as, 80-120 centimeters cutting backs on the 1st branch, stay 4-6 Secondary Branchs under clip, if Secondary Branch is healthy and strong, when rugosity is more than 1.5 centimetres, base portion 1-2 jujube stock cutting backs can be stayed, utilize the main bud on jujube stock to sprout and cultivate major branch, as Secondary Branch is thin and delicate, when rugosity is below 1.5 centimetres, can remove from base portion, utilize the main bud germinating on trunk to cultivate major branch.After field planting, the dry secateurs that extends in the 3rd Nian center stays 40-60 centimetres, stays 2-3 Secondary Branchs under clip, Secondary Branch processing method same the previous year, can cultivate shaping like this after surely dry through 4 years.
Note the growing way that support center is dry, maintenance center is dry absolute growth vigor, as too fast in major branch head growth, stretch long time, can by the excessively strong suitable cutting back of jujube head or pinching, Developing restraint, prevents interior thorax inanition.During the happy shape shaping of two major branch, the developmental branch of both direction of selecting and remain under clip after calmly doing better (with row to becoming vertical direction) makes major branch, major branch keeps 50 degree of angles to extend, the side foreign side of each major branch raw 1-2 side shoots, fruit-bearing shoot cluster even raw around master branch, when cultivating master branch, Secondary Branch processing method.
The jujube tree pruning technique of Different age group is different.
1, treelet prunes the object mainly fixed tree crown done and control to be formed easy printing opacity, generally butt pruning should be carried out the grafting of north life in 5 years, just can send about 10 branches in two years, per unit area yield can reach about 7.5 kilograms, treelet does fixed dry high in notched jujube area surely, general below 1.5 meters, Chun Zaolingan higher primary school is advisable in 1 meter.
2, fruiting period tree-pruning object strengthens skeleton branch, cultivates new jujube head, supplements new jujube stock, expands result area, overlapping branch between simultaneously should noting when pruning dredging, intersects branch, overstocked branch, sick branch etc., moderate to keep being preced with interior branch density.Fruiting Ability declines after life in 8 years, and fruit-bearing shoot cluster will be rotated renewals, and the method for renewal generally retracts to the renewal jujube head place of location-appropriate, with new generation always.Generally can bounce back 30 centimetres to 50 centimetres, the overweight output that can affect then.
3, aging that the output that the pruning of veteran refers generally to more than 80 years obviously declines tree, decides heavy, medium and light according to the upper number of living jujube stock of tree and upgrades, and amputates 2/3 of branch total length respectively, l/2, l/3, stops then opening first simultaneously.
4, to the large tree never pruned, mainly maximum height limit, selected skeleton branch, because of tree because branch is pruned, reaches ventilation and penetrating light in hat, prevents the object of moving outside result.
Jujube tree answers Attention question in pruning: prune and from local production practices, must suit measures to local conditions, because carrying out with setting suiting measures to different conditions, will combine simultaneously, just can achieve the goal with water and fertilizer management and other measures.When pruning in addition produce large wound and will protect, prevent damage by disease and insect from invading.
Claims (2)
1. the winter jujube jujube tree a tree-like cultural method, it is characterized in that: step is as follows:
(1) the trunk height of jujube tree controls at 2.8-3.4 meters, determines limb height 90 centimetres;
(2) to be tree-likely designed to: short wall shape is tree-like establishes dry high 50cm, 1 center is had to do, layer 2-3 major branch, every layer raw 2 major branches, 2 major branches are that rightabout direct motion is to extension, the angle that major branch and center are done is 75-85 degree, the position had living space in the both sides of major branch leave fruit-bearing shoot cluster several, fruit-bearing shoot cluster and row are to vertical, and the angle dry with center is 70-80 degree, fruit bearing shoot group leader 50-60cm, the height of tree is at 2.5m, be beneficial to pluck, 2-3 completes shaping, and being suitable for this tree-like seeding row spacing of planting is (1.5-2) ╳ (2-3) rice;
The dry upper spiral in ⑶ center is uniformly distributed 20 little major branches, little major branch spacing 22 centimetres, and little major branch extends with the angle of about 78 degree;
(4) below every mu of field planting 90 strain; After jujube tree field planting, when jujube tree diameter reaches 2.8-3.5 cm, tree-likely surely to do in relevant position by cultivated, fixed dry after the 2nd year, branch of selecting and remain from shaping strip;
(5) stay branch to prune;
(6) select and remain when to stay a growing upright, strong branch is done central authorities leader and is done, 3-4 little major branches of selecting and remain under it, and all the other branches are thinning out;
(7) determine the 2nd year after doing, the jujube head of the dry elongated shoot in center of being used as, 80-120 centimeters cutting backs on the 1st branch, 4-6 Secondary Branchs are stayed under clip, if Secondary Branch is healthy and strong, when rugosity is more than 1.5 centimetres, base portion 1-2 jujube stock cutting backs can be stayed, utilize the main bud on jujube stock to sprout and cultivate major branch, as Secondary Branch is thin and delicate, when rugosity is below 1.5 centimetres, can remove from base portion, the main bud germinating on trunk is utilized to cultivate major branch, after field planting, the dry secateurs that extends in the 3rd Nian center stays 40-60 centimetres, 2-3 Secondary Branchs are stayed under clip, Secondary Branch processing method same the previous year, shaping can be cultivated through 4 years like this after surely dry.
2. winter according to claim 1 jujube jujube tree tree-like cultural method, it is characterized in that: described in stay branch to prune other the newborn jujube heads doing upper growth to center to stay 50-60cm to cut to cut, be trained auxiliary support branch, auxiliary support branch and row are to vertical, the angle dry with center is 70-80 degree, carries out pinching to not having the newborn jujube head of growing space when Second Year rudiment in spring; Draw branch to the raw jujube head in the side that major branch is sprouted, the angle dry with center is 70-80 degree, cut to lengthen at 50-60cm, to be trained fruit-bearing shoot cluster.
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| CN201310535794.7A CN104604615A (en) | 2013-11-01 | 2013-11-01 | Tree shape cultivation method for winter jujube tree |
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Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106234101A (en) * | 2015-06-13 | 2016-12-21 | 新疆拓普农业股份有限公司 | A kind of many major branches of Kuerle delicious pear coronule evacuate that layering shape is tree-like and pruning technique method |
| CN106386344A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-15 | 刘国利 | Rejuvenation and fruit bearing method for aging fruit bearing jujube trees |
| CN106386369A (en) * | 2016-12-02 | 2017-02-15 | 山西省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Dwarfing and dense planting high-yield tree shape for facility dates |
| CN106804337A (en) * | 2017-03-01 | 2017-06-09 | 苏州梦龙文化旅游发展有限公司 | A kind of winter jujube implantation methods that can naturally reduce the harm of green plant bug silk worm |
| CN107258357A (en) * | 2017-07-13 | 2017-10-20 | 塔里木大学 | A kind of tree-like and its pruning method of suitable Xinjiang dense planting jujube garden transformation |
| CN109691337A (en) * | 2017-10-21 | 2019-04-30 | 镇江市水木年华现代农业科技有限公司 | A kind of trimming that pear and date-printing blocks dense planting is tree-like and its cultural method |
| CN110521480A (en) * | 2019-09-17 | 2019-12-03 | 塔里木大学 | A kind of jujube branch pruning method |
| CN110663386A (en) * | 2019-11-07 | 2020-01-10 | 郝哲 | Method for shaping and trimming protected jujube trees |
| CN112703954A (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2021-04-27 | 沧州市林业科学研究所 | High-quality and high-efficiency cultivation method for winter jujubes |
| CN114868588A (en) * | 2022-04-20 | 2022-08-09 | 新疆农垦科学院 | Pruning method for improving light energy interception rate of jujube tree |
| CN115039620A (en) * | 2022-05-26 | 2022-09-13 | 河北农业大学 | Pruning method for promoting branch forming force of jujube tree |
-
2013
- 2013-11-01 CN CN201310535794.7A patent/CN104604615A/en active Pending
Cited By (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106234101A (en) * | 2015-06-13 | 2016-12-21 | 新疆拓普农业股份有限公司 | A kind of many major branches of Kuerle delicious pear coronule evacuate that layering shape is tree-like and pruning technique method |
| CN106386344B (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2019-12-10 | 刘国利 | Method for rejuvenating and rejuvenating jujube trees with good fruiting effect in aging period |
| CN106386344A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-15 | 刘国利 | Rejuvenation and fruit bearing method for aging fruit bearing jujube trees |
| CN106386369A (en) * | 2016-12-02 | 2017-02-15 | 山西省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Dwarfing and dense planting high-yield tree shape for facility dates |
| CN106804337A (en) * | 2017-03-01 | 2017-06-09 | 苏州梦龙文化旅游发展有限公司 | A kind of winter jujube implantation methods that can naturally reduce the harm of green plant bug silk worm |
| CN107258357A (en) * | 2017-07-13 | 2017-10-20 | 塔里木大学 | A kind of tree-like and its pruning method of suitable Xinjiang dense planting jujube garden transformation |
| CN109691337A (en) * | 2017-10-21 | 2019-04-30 | 镇江市水木年华现代农业科技有限公司 | A kind of trimming that pear and date-printing blocks dense planting is tree-like and its cultural method |
| CN110521480A (en) * | 2019-09-17 | 2019-12-03 | 塔里木大学 | A kind of jujube branch pruning method |
| CN110663386A (en) * | 2019-11-07 | 2020-01-10 | 郝哲 | Method for shaping and trimming protected jujube trees |
| CN110663386B (en) * | 2019-11-07 | 2022-04-19 | 郝哲 | Method for shaping and trimming protected jujube trees |
| CN112703954A (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2021-04-27 | 沧州市林业科学研究所 | High-quality and high-efficiency cultivation method for winter jujubes |
| CN114868588A (en) * | 2022-04-20 | 2022-08-09 | 新疆农垦科学院 | Pruning method for improving light energy interception rate of jujube tree |
| CN114868588B (en) * | 2022-04-20 | 2023-09-12 | 新疆农垦科学院 | Pruning method for improving light energy interception rate of jujube tree |
| CN115039620A (en) * | 2022-05-26 | 2022-09-13 | 河北农业大学 | Pruning method for promoting branch forming force of jujube tree |
| CN115039620B (en) * | 2022-05-26 | 2024-04-26 | 河北农业大学 | Pruning method for promoting jujube tree branch forming force |
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Application publication date: 20150513 |