CN107258357A - A kind of tree-like and its pruning method of suitable Xinjiang dense planting jujube garden transformation - Google Patents
A kind of tree-like and its pruning method of suitable Xinjiang dense planting jujube garden transformation Download PDFInfo
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- CN107258357A CN107258357A CN201710569508.7A CN201710569508A CN107258357A CN 107258357 A CN107258357 A CN 107258357A CN 201710569508 A CN201710569508 A CN 201710569508A CN 107258357 A CN107258357 A CN 107258357A
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- jujube
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of tree-like and its pruning method of suitable Xinjiang dense planting jujube garden transformation, belong to agriculture and garden technical field.Jujube tree tree-shaped is designed as：The 2.5m of the height of tree 1.8, does high 40~45cm, along central authorities leader's 18~20 Secondary Branchs of dry spiral distribution straggly, points 3 layers raw, 6~7 Secondary Branchs of first layer, length retains 7~9 and saves, 70~80 ° or natural crotch angle；7~8 Secondary Branchs of the second layer, length retains 8~9 and saved, 80~90 ° of crotch angle；4~5 Secondary Branchs of third layer, length retains 5~6 and saved, 100~110 ° of crotch angle；25~35cm of interlamellar spacing, tree crown shows as layer-stepping cylinder, and the big top in bottom is small.The present invention is crown by reducing, and solves Xinjiang superelevation dense planting jujube garden into the bad problem of ventilation and penetrating light occurred after age；Spatial result is made full use of, result jujube number of share of stock amount is added, the problem of solving to move outside jujube tree setting fruit position；Simplify pruning technique, reduce labor cost；Implement mechanization management for Xinjiang dense planting jujube garden and provide suitable tree-like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agriculture and garden technical field, and in particular to a kind of suitable Xinjiang dense planting jujube garden transformation tree-like and its
Pruning method.
Background technology
Jujube as most national characters fruit, with higher edibility, Xinjiang red dates bright, thin skin meat
Skin, mouthfeel is soft fragrant and sweet, and nutritive value is protruded, and is extensively welcome by the jujube consumer group, thus has the good market competitiveness
And development prospect, wherein, the Outstanding Quality of Xinjiang jun dates, relative to like product, its fruit shape is big, thin skin, meat are thick, taste and sweet mouthfeel
Mellow, its vitamin C, protein, content of mineral substances are above like product, are described as " Chinese first jujube ", and grey jujube is because of its morning
The formation of phase yield is proportionate with branch amount, is suitable for planting culture, therefore Xinjiang jun dates and grey jujube turn into Xinjiang dense planting jujube garden
Preferred kind.
In recent years, in order to meet the market demand, Xinjiang promotes the fast development of jujube industry, jujube tree using live building techniques
Planting density is big, general seeding row spacing 0.5-1.0m~1.5-2.0m, and the effective strain of mu is up to more than 660~888 strains, mostly using coronule
Dredge layer shape Training system and coordinate and deeplys prune means control tree crown, lignifying jujube hangs many, and early yield height, fruit is big；But coronule
The tree-like orchard for applying in general to 2 × 3m of seeding row spacing of layer shape is dredged, therefore, with the increase of the jujube tree age of tree, the serious closing of jujube garden, light
According to deficiency, improper ventilation is not only difficult to manage, and causes to move outside setting fruit position, and fruit quality declines, the reduction of yield amplification,
Disease and dehiscent fruit phenomenon occur seriously, and economic benefit declines year by year, has had a strong impact on the enthusiasm of jujube agriculture；At present, it is big in production
Problem above is solved by the way of intermediate cutting using in the ranks, between strain more, but also there are many jujube agricultures not grudge intermediate cutting jujube tree, is just employed thin
Except the method that center is done solves lighting issues, it is relatively low fundamentally to solve yield, the problem of fruit quality declines；
The conventional tree structure of current jujube cultivation has coronule to dredge layer shape, happy shape, natural globular model, spindle and cylinder
Shape；Wherein, the thin layer shape structure of coronule is that have obvious center to do, and does high 50 cm, and full tree stays 5~6, major branch, divided two layers
On Zhe Sheng centers are dry.3~4, first layer major branch, 70 degree or so of base angle.2, second layer major branch, 60 degree or so of base angle.Major branch
On do not cultivate side shoot, directly raw fruit-bearing shoot cluster, 70~80 centimetres of spacing；Spindle tree structure is to do high 50~60cm, tree
High 2.5~3.0 meters of m, the dry uniform spiral from bottom to top in center arranges 10~15 skeleton branches, and major branch is not stratified, no side shoot, major branch
It is upper it is direct it is raw in, sprig group.The distance between two neighboring major branch is 30 cms, 80 degree or so of major branch base angle；It is natural
Globular model tree structure is raw 6~7 major branches straggly in central backbone, not stratified, growth naturally obliquely upward.Each master
On branch raw 4~6 side shoots, be mutually staggered between side shoot, be allowed to be uniformly distributed；Happy shape tree structure is to do high 60-80cm,
Tree body non-stop layer leader is dry, on trunk raw 3~4 major branches, 40~50 ° of major branch spreading angle configures 3~4 on each major branch
Side shoot.Cylindrical tree structure feature is to do high 40cm, and plant height 2.2m, trunk is kept upright, direct cultivation results branch on trunk
Group, without obvious major branch, complete stool has 17~22 branch groups, completes shaping within 2 years.
The cylindrical shaping technique of existing jujube tree is mainly used in interiorly, and using young age planting stock as the base of shaping culture
Plinth, mainly for newly-built jujube garden, kind is " the crisp honey of volt ", and its Secondary Branch is shorter and smaller compared with trunk, and unreal in reforming process
Apply drawing branch means and carve bud technology, in do upper helical arrangement 17~22 fruit-bearing shoot clusters present horizontal growth, length and
Rugosity is similar, and tree crown is cylinder, causes strong up and weak down phenomenon；Therefore provide it is a kind of be suitable for Xinjiang dense planting jujube garden transformation
Jujube tree tree structure and pruning method become the task of top priority.
The content of the invention
The invention aims to overcome the problems of the prior art, there is provided a kind of suitable Xinjiang dense planting jujube garden transformation
Tree-like and its pruning method, the improvement cylinder for being suitable for the transformation of closing jujube garden is tree-like, under the conditions of existing planting density is kept,
Tree-like, neither intermediate cutting jujube tree, the problem of jujube garden ventilation and penetrating light is solved again, and contribute to jujube garden mechanization pipe are transformed in interlacing
Reason, saving of labor cost-saving.
It is tree-like that a kind of suitable Xinjiang dense planting jujube garden of the present invention is transformed, and jujube tree tree-shaped is designed as：Jujube tree tree-shaped is designed as：
Height of tree 1.8-2.5m, does high 40~45cm, along central authorities leader's 18~20 Secondary Branchs of dry spiral distribution straggly, points 3 layers it is raw,
6~7 Secondary Branchs of first layer, length retains 7~9 and saved, 70~80 ° of crotch angle；7~8 Secondary Branchs of the second layer, length retains
8~9 sections, 80~90 ° of crotch angle；4~5 Secondary Branchs of third layer, length retains 5~6 and saved, 100~110 ° of crotch angle；Layer
25~35cm of spacing, tree crown shows as layer-stepping cylinder, and the big top in bottom is small.
A kind of tree-like pruning method of suitable Xinjiang dense planting jujube garden transformation of the present invention, including following key step：S1、
The pruning of First Year：After earth's surface 15cm cutting strunks, treat that jujube head is sprouted, select and remain the strong jujube head of apical growth gesture as center
The dry extension branch of leader, all jujube heads are erased in time under it, the dry upper reservation Secondary Branch 6~7 of central authorities leader, nethermost Secondary Branch
Apart from 40~45cm of ground, pinching when the dry upper Secondary Branch of central authorities leader grows to 7~9 section, 6~7 Secondary Branchs of reservation are protected
Nature growth is held, and to draw branch, other branch, support branch method to promote Secondary Branch crotch angle up to 70~80 °, forms first layer fruitful branch
Group, if First Year tree vigo(u)r is weaker, reduces the Secondary Branch quantity left and taken；
S2, Second Year pruning：When spring trims, wipe out central authorities leader and do the 1st, top Secondary Branch, inspire new jujube
Head, newborn jujube head growth is to 8~9 section pinching, and the dry upper newborn Secondary Branchs of reservation 7~8 of central authorities leader, each Secondary Branch regards growing way
Retain 8~9 and save pinching, and to draw branch, other branch, support branch method to promote Secondary Branch to be in horizontal growth, to form second layer fruitful branch
Group, the nethermost Secondary Branch of the second layer is apart from the uppermost 25~35cm of fruit-bearing shoot cluster of first layer；What the previous year was formed is secondary
Branch is slow to put motionless, and the jujube head for all sproutings of erasing in time, and the healthy and strong semi-lignified jujube of culture is hung；
S3, the pruning of the 3rd year：When spring trims, wipe out central authorities leader and do the 1st, top Secondary Branch, continue to inspire
New jujube head, newborn jujube head growth is to 5~6 section pinching, and the dry upper newborn Secondary Branchs of reservation 4~5 of central authorities leader, each Secondary Branch is protected
5~6 section pinching are stayed, equally to draw branch, other branch, support branch method to promote Secondary Branch crotch angle up to 100~110 °, third layer are formed
Fruit-bearing shoot cluster, the nethermost Secondary Branch of third layer is apart from the uppermost 25~35cm of fruit-bearing shoot cluster of the second layer, to first layer, second
The Secondary Branch that layer is formed, which delays, puts motionless, and the jujube head for all sproutings of erasing in time, continues the healthy and strong semi-lignified jujube of culture and hangs, complete
Into the shaping of the 3rd year；
S4, the bearing capacity according to fruit-bearing shoot cluster, every 5~6 years update once, first layer, the second layer, third layer it is secondary
Branch updates respectively year by year.
Preferably, a kind of tree-like pruning method of suitable Xinjiang dense planting jujube garden transformation, close suitable for the grey jujube in Xinjiang and fine horse jujube
Plant jujube garden transformation.
Preferably, a kind of tree-like pruning method of suitable Xinjiang dense planting jujube garden transformation can be used for the live jujube garden of wild jujube, transfer
Connect and start shaping then.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：1) it is crown by reducing, solve Xinjiang superelevation dense planting jujube
Garden is into the bad problem of ventilation and penetrating light occurred after age；2) spatial result is made full use of, result jujube number of share of stock amount is added, jujube tree is solved
The problem of being moved outside setting fruit position；3) simplify pruning technique, reduce labor cost；4) machinery is implemented for Xinjiang dense planting jujube garden
Change management and provide suitable tree-like.
Brief description of the drawings：
Fig. 1 is the tree structure schematic diagram of transformation in continuous 3 years, and the left side is the improved tree structure schematic diagram of First Year,
Centre is the improved tree structure schematic diagram of Second Year, and the right is the 3rd year improved tree structure schematic diagram.
Embodiment
1 pair of embodiment of the invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, it is to be understood that the guarantor of the present invention
Shield scope is not limited by embodiment.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are not having
The every other embodiment obtained on the premise of making creative work, belongs to the scope of protection of the invention.
Embodiment 1
It is tree-like that a kind of suitable Xinjiang dense planting jujube garden of the present invention is transformed, it is characterised in that jujube tree tree-shaped is designed as：Jujube tree
Tree-shaped is designed as：Height of tree 1.8-2.5m, does high 40~45cm, secondary along the dry spiral distribution 18~20 straggly of central authorities leader
Branch, points 3 layers raw, 6~7 Secondary Branchs of first layer, length retains 7~9 and saves, 70~80 ° or natural crotch angle；The second layer 7
~8 Secondary Branchs, length retains 8~9 and saved, 80~90 ° of crotch angle；4~5 Secondary Branchs of third layer, length retains 5~6 and saved,
100~110 ° of crotch angle；25~35cm of interlamellar spacing, tree crown shows as layer-stepping cylinder, and the big top in bottom is small.
Embodiment 2
To the grey jujube dense planting jujube garden in Xinjiang, line-spacing is that 1.5~2m carries out jujube garden transformation；
S1, First Year pruning：After earth's surface 15cm cutting strunks, treat that jujube head is sprouted, select and remain apical growth gesture strong
Jujube head is as the dry extension branch of central authorities leader, and all jujube heads are erased in time under it, the dry upper reservation Secondary Branch 6~7 of central authorities leader, most
Following Secondary Branch is apart from 40~45cm of ground, pinching when the dry upper Secondary Branch of central authorities leader grows to 7~9 section, reservation 6~
7 Secondary Branchs keep nature growth, and to draw branch, other branch, support branch method to promote Secondary Branch crotch angle up to 70~80 °, are formed
First layer fruit-bearing shoot cluster, if First Year tree vigo(u)r is weaker, reduces the Secondary Branch quantity left and taken；
S2, Second Year pruning：When spring trims, wipe out central authorities leader and do the 1st, top Secondary Branch, inspire new jujube
Head, newborn jujube head growth is to 8~9 section pinching, and the dry upper newborn Secondary Branchs of reservation 7~8 of central authorities leader, each Secondary Branch regards growing way
Retain 8~9 and save pinching, and to draw branch, other branch, support branch method to promote Secondary Branch to be in horizontal growth, to form second layer fruitful branch
Group, the nethermost Secondary Branch of the second layer is apart from the uppermost 25~35cm of fruit-bearing shoot cluster of first layer；What the previous year was formed is secondary
Branch is slow to put motionless, and the jujube head for all sproutings of erasing in time, and the healthy and strong semi-lignified jujube of culture is hung；
S3, the pruning of the 3rd year：When spring trims, wipe out central authorities leader and do the 1st, top Secondary Branch, continue to inspire
New jujube head, newborn jujube head growth is to 5~6 section pinching, and the dry upper newborn Secondary Branchs of reservation 4~5 of central authorities leader, each Secondary Branch is protected
5~6 section pinching are stayed, equally to draw branch, other branch, support branch method to promote Secondary Branch crotch angle up to 100~110 °, third layer are formed
Fruit-bearing shoot cluster, the nethermost Secondary Branch of third layer is apart from the uppermost 25~35cm of fruit-bearing shoot cluster of the second layer, to first layer, second
The Secondary Branch that layer is formed, which delays, puts motionless, and the jujube head for all sproutings of erasing in time, continues the healthy and strong semi-lignified jujube of culture and hangs, complete
Into the shaping of the 3rd year；
S4, the bearing capacity according to fruit-bearing shoot cluster, every 5~6 years update once, first layer, the second layer, third layer it is secondary
Branch updates respectively year by year.
Using the method for embodiment 2 to the tree-like pruning of jujube tree, improved tree structure is compact, crown to be thin and tall
Shape, compared with the coronule before transformation dredges layer shape, horizontal direction takes up space reduction 18.9%, and vertical direction takes up space increase
23.6%, in 7~August part jujube tree tree crown, lower section intensity of illumination is respectively increased in 16.9% and 71.9%, jujube garden row and forms 30
~70cm ventilation strips；
Secondary Branch quantity before improved tree-like relatively transformation improves 20.8%, and Secondary Branch joint number averagely improves 72.34%,
Complete stool jujube number of share of stock amount improves 138.84%, and tree body middle and lower part result quantities account for 40%, and tree crown middle and lower part result quantities are only accounted for before transformation
10%；
The tree-like comparison left and taken due to Secondary Branch before transformation is short, and nutrition nutrient is excessively concentrated, and several times a year sprouts jujube head,
And hung with lignifying jujube based on result, in the reduction jujube stock life-span, need update once within 3~4 years；
Improved tree-like Secondary Branch quantity is more, and the section position of each Secondary Branch is more, and crotch angle is big, and nutrition disperses, and one
As jujube head sprout 1~2 time, only needed to erase in time every year whole jujube heads branches, and result is hung with semi-lignified or deciduous jujube
Based on, the jujube stock yield life-span can maintain 5~6 years, can update once within 5~6 years, save labor.
Further, a kind of tree-like pruning method of suitable Xinjiang dense planting jujube garden transformation, suitable for the grey jujube in Xinjiang and fine horse jujube
Dense planting jujube garden is transformed.
Further, a kind of tree-like pruning method of suitable Xinjiang dense planting jujube garden transformation can be used for the live jujube garden of wild jujube,
Grafting starts shaping then.
, but those skilled in the art once know basic creation although preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described
Property concept, then can make other change and modification to these embodiments.So, appended claims are intended to be construed to include excellent
Select embodiment and fall into having altered and changing for the scope of the invention.
Those skilled in the art can to the present invention carry out it is various change and modification without departing from the present invention spirit and
Scope.So, if these modifications and variations of the present invention belong within the scope of the claims in the present invention and its equivalent technologies,
Then the present invention is also intended to comprising including these changes and modification.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of suitable Xinjiang dense planting jujube garden transformation is tree-like, it is characterised in that jujube tree tree-shaped is designed as：1.8~2.5m of the height of tree,
Do high 40~45cm, along central authorities leader's 18~20 Secondary Branchs of dry spiral distribution straggly, points 3 layers raw, first layer 6~7
Secondary Branch, length retains 7~9 and saved, 70~80 ° of crotch angle；7~8 Secondary Branchs of the second layer, length retains 8~9 and saved, branch
80~90 ° of angle；4~5 Secondary Branchs of third layer, length retains 5~6 and saved, 100~110 ° of crotch angle；Interlamellar spacing 25~
35cm, tree crown shows as layer-stepping cylinder, and the big top in bottom is small.
2. a kind of tree-like pruning method of suitable Xinjiang dense planting jujube garden transformation, it is characterised in that including following key step：
S1, First Year pruning：After earth's surface 15cm cutting strunks, treat that jujube head is sprouted, select and remain the strong jujube head of apical growth gesture
As the dry extension branch of central authorities leader, all jujube heads are erased in time under it, the dry upper reservation Secondary Branch 6~7 of central authorities leader, bottom
Secondary Branch apart from 40~45cm of ground, pinching, 6~7 of reservation when the dry upper Secondary Branch of central authorities leader grows to 7~9 section
Secondary Branch keeps nature growth, and to draw branch, other branch, support branch method to promote Secondary Branch crotch angle up to 70~80 °, forms first
Layer fruit-bearing shoot cluster, if First Year tree vigo(u)r is weaker, reduces the Secondary Branch quantity left and taken；
S2, Second Year pruning：When spring trims, wipe out central authorities leader and do the 1st, top Secondary Branch, inspire new jujube head,
Newborn jujube head growth is to 8~9 section pinching, and the dry upper newborn Secondary Branchs of reservation 7~8 of central authorities leader, each Secondary Branch is protected regarding growing way
8~9 section pinching are stayed, and to draw branch, other branch, support branch method to promote Secondary Branch to be in horizontal growth, to form second layer fruit-bearing shoot cluster,
The nethermost Secondary Branch of the second layer is apart from the uppermost 25~35cm of fruit-bearing shoot cluster of first layer；The Secondary Branch that the previous year is formed is delayed
Put motionless, and the jujube head for all sproutings of erasing in time, cultivate healthy and strong semi-lignified jujube and hang；
S3, the pruning of the 3rd year：When spring trims, wipe out central authorities leader and do the 1st, top Secondary Branch, continue to inspire new jujube
Head, newborn jujube head growth is to 5~6 section pinching, and the dry upper newborn Secondary Branchs of reservation 4~5 of central authorities leader, each Secondary Branch retains 5
~6 section pinching, equally to draw branch, other branch, support branch method to promote Secondary Branch crotch angle up to 100~110 °, form third layer knot
Fruit branch group, the nethermost Secondary Branch of third layer is apart from the uppermost 25~35cm of fruit-bearing shoot cluster of the second layer, to first layer, the second layer
The Secondary Branch of formation is slow to put motionless, and the jujube head for all sproutings of erasing in time, and the semi-lignified jujube for continuing to cultivate stalwartness hangs, completed
The shaping of the 3rd year；
S4, the bearing capacity according to fruit-bearing shoot cluster, every 5~6 years update once, first layer, the second layer, third layer Secondary Branch by
Year updates respectively.
3. the tree-like pruning method of a kind of suitable Xinjiang dense planting jujube garden transformation as claimed in claim 2, suitable for the grey jujube in Xinjiang
With the transformation of fine horse jujube dense planting jujube garden.
4. a kind of tree-like pruning method of suitable Xinjiang dense planting jujube garden transformation as claimed in claim 2, live suitable for wild jujube
Jujube garden, grafting starts shaping then.
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| CN109168845A (en) * | 2018-08-06 | 2019-01-11 | 山东省果树研究所 | Pear trees shape and shaping methods based on tree management balance |
| CN110036816A (en) * | 2019-05-16 | 2019-07-23 | 新疆林科院经济林研究所 | The tree-like shaping and trimming method of intercropping mode column |
| CN110521480A (en) * | 2019-09-17 | 2019-12-03 | 塔里木大学 | A kind of jujube branch pruning method |
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| CN110521480A (en) * | 2019-09-17 | 2019-12-03 | 塔里木大学 | A kind of jujube branch pruning method |
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| CN107258357B (en) | 2021-07-20 |
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