CN103109715A - Simplified tree form reforming method suitable for high-density jujube orchard - Google Patents
Simplified tree form reforming method suitable for high-density jujube orchard Download PDFInfo
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Disclosed is a simplified tree form reforming method suitable for a high-density jujube orchard. Since the grafting year of direct seeding and orchard building or the planting year, by about five-year continuous reforming, a jujube head form tree is formed with tree height of 2.5-3.5 meters, branch spreading of 1-1.5 meters, central trunk bending upwards, and 10-20 bending horizontally stretching fruiting branch groups directly inserted on the central trunk. The reforming method is suitable for wide-row dense-planting high-density jujube orchards (tree row space is 0.5-1.5m*3-4.5m), and simple in reforming. The reformed trees are slim and high, the branches are well-spaced without crossing, large row space can be guaranteed under high-density conditions, good ventilation and light permeability are achieved, high and stable yield and good quality are guaranteed, mechanical operation is facilitated, manpower for cutting is saved by more than 80%, and the problems that the high-density jujube orchard is prone to closing, complex to manage and the like are solved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of tree-like shaping methods of simplification that is suitable for high density jujube garden.
Background technology
Planting density is high with its morning of yielding positive results, early high-yield, yield per unit area, quality better, but convenient management, be conducive to mechanization, new varieties and recover output comparatively fast and the unique advantage such as economic utilization soil more, become the main trend of domestic and international Fruit Trees Development.Since reform and opening-up, the Planting density of large fruit trees such as apple, pears development is very fast, and has obtained very significant economic and social benefit on producing.On the other hand, along with the significantly rising of labor cost in recent years, laborsaving saving of labor's simplification cultivation is imperative.
Jujube tree (
Ziziphus jujubaMill.) be the important fruit tree that originates in China.Due to strong stress resistance, early bearing get bumper crops, be of high nutritive value, of many uses, can take into account the characteristics such as economy and ecological benefits, be subject to local government and peasant's common welcome, husky alkali nonirrigated farmland district is developed rapidly on the mountain.At present, the jujube cultivation area has reached nearly 3,000 ten thousand mu, 5,000,000 tons of annual productions, and the Main Economic that becomes the first dry fruit tree variety of China and more than 2,000 ten thousand peasants is originated.In recent years, emerging jujube district such as new development jujube district, particularly Xinjiang etc., the high density jujube garden of the every mu of 100-500 strain of planting (seeding row spacing 0.5-1.5 rice * 3-4.5 rice) becomes Developing mainstream.
High density jujube garden early yield is high, but easily canopy appears, illumination is bad, and the tree-like and shaping methods that adapts must be arranged.Simultaneously, the new situations that significantly rise for adapting to labor cost, the simplification that is suitable for high density jujube garden and laborsaving saving of labor in the urgent need to exploitation is tree-like.Yet traditional jujube tree is tree-like, and is as bigger than normal in evacuating the tree bodies such as laminarity, happy shape, natural globular model, is not suitable with the new situations of current high-density planting.And jujube tree has very unique growth result habit, is suitable for tree-like can not the indiscriminately imitating on jujube tree such as slender spindle like of the fruit tree planting cultures such as apple.The growth characteristic of jujube tree branch and title and general fruit tree a great difference arranged, the effect of the elongated shoot of fruit tree and fruit-bearing shoot cluster as the jujube head has concurrently, strong but Secondary Branch top naturally withered, the no longer extension then of its primary tiller uniaxial extension ability; The jujube thigh is equivalent to the bearing basal shoot of general fruit tree, but extremely cripetura, year increment only has the 1-2 millimeter; Jujube hangs the fruit bearing shoot that is equivalent to general fruit tree, but thin and delicate sagging, naturally comes off after autumn.In addition, jujube tree is compared with general fruit tree, likes very that light, branch are hard, to prune reaction more blunt.Therefore, the high density that is suitable for the jujube tree characteristics must be set up as early as possible tree-like.
Because the simplification that lacks adaptation jujube tree high-density planting is tree-like, much the jujubes garden canopy just occurs as a result about 3-5, and yield and quality descends rapidly.This patent is according to the growth result characteristics of jujube tree, the planting cultures such as slender spindle like with reference to fruit trees such as apples are tree-like, invented a kind of shaping methods that is suitable for high density jujube garden (seeding row spacing 0.5-1.5 rice * 3-4.5 rice), simple, 5 years left and right Quick-formings.
Summary of the invention
The present invention has set up a kind of simplification shaping methods that is suitable for high density jujube garden.
The present invention solves that its technical problem adopts
Technical schemeBe: from live grafting of building the garden then or plant (planting after cutting strunk) then, according to the growth result characteristics of jujube tree and tree-like with reference to the planting cultures such as slender spindle like of the fruit trees such as apple, continuous shaping by about 5 years is cultivated, form height of tree 2.5-3.5 rice, branch exhibition 1-1.5 rice, the center is done upwards crooked, the center is done and direct to be given birth to 10-20 the fruit-bearing shoot cluster (jujube head) that bent flat is stretched, and is suitable for high density jujube garden (seeding row spacing 0.5-1.5 rice * 3-4.5 rice) and the jujube capitiform of mechanized operation tree-like.
Of the present invention
Particular content, namely be suitable for the tree-like concrete shaping methods of the simplification in high density jujube garden as follows:
(1) plant after (cutting strunk is planted) or lively build First Year after the grafting of garden, in the winter time in distance ground 60-80 centimeters to the dried cutting back that carries out in center, cutting back rear center does a uppermost Secondary Branch and stays 1-2 joint, its lower 2-4 Secondary Branch to stay 1-3 joint cutting back, stimulates the main bud that is remained on the cutting back Secondary Branch to sprout;
(2) Second Year, during summer pruning, center described in (1) is done the new jujube head that sends after the Secondary Branch cutting back of one of the top, select a upright and healthy and strong new jujube head to remain as the dried elongated shoot in center, the new jujube head that sends on its lower 2-4 Secondary Branch respectively selects the large and healthy and strong new jujube head of a spreading angle to remain as ground floor fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot, all do not remove from base portion as the every other new jujube head of elongated shoot, what fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot spreading angle did not reach 70 degree adjusts to spreading angle the 70-110 degree during its semi-lignified; During winter pruning, in distance ground 100-150 centimeters, the dried elongated shoot in center is carried out cutting back, Secondary Branch of its topmost keeps 1-2 joint cutting back, its lower 2-4 Secondary Branch stays 1-3 joint cutting back and carves bud on the top of Secondary Branch, and ground floor fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot stays 30-50 centimetre having export-oriented Secondary Branch place to carry out cutting back and this extroversion Secondary Branch is stayed 1-2 joint cutting back;
(3) the 3rd years, during summer pruning, to the new jujube head that sends after the Secondary Branch cutting back of one of the top of dried elongated shoot, center described in (2), selecting a upright and healthy and strong new jujube head to remain continues as the dried elongated shoot in center, the new jujube head that sends on its lower 2-4 Secondary Branch respectively selects the large and healthy and strong new jujube head of a spreading angle to remain as second layer fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot, the new jujube head that ground floor fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot sends on Secondary Branch is foremost selected the large and healthy and strong new jujube head of a spreading angle to remain to continue as ground floor fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot, all new jujube heads as elongated shoot are not all removed from base portion, what each fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot spreading angle did not reach 70 degree adjusts to spreading angle the 70-110 degree during its semi-lignified, during winter pruning, in distance ground 150-200 centimeters, the dried elongated shoot in center is carried out cutting back, Secondary Branch of its topmost keeps 1-2 joint cutting back, its lower 2-4 Secondary Branch stays 1-3 joint cutting back and carves bud on the top of Secondary Branch, second layer fruit-bearing shoot cluster stays 30-50 centimetre having export-oriented Secondary Branch place to carry out cutting back and this extroversion Secondary Branch is stayed 1-2 joint cutting back, and ground floor fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot stays 60-100 centimetre to carry out cutting back,
(4) the 4th years, during summer pruning, to the new jujube head that sends after the Secondary Branch cutting back of one of the top of dried elongated shoot, center described in (3), selecting a upright and healthy and strong new jujube head to remain continues as the dried elongated shoot in center, the new jujube head that sends on its lower 2-4 Secondary Branch respectively selects the large and healthy and strong new jujube head of a spreading angle to remain as three-layered node fruit branch group elongated shoot, the new jujube head that second layer fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot sends on Secondary Branch is foremost respectively selected the large and healthy and strong new jujube head of a spreading angle to remain to continue as second layer fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot, all new jujube heads as elongated shoot are not all removed from base portion, what each fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot spreading angle did not reach 70 degree adjusts to spreading angle the 70-110 degree during its semi-lignified, during winter pruning, in distance ground 200-280 centimeters, the dried elongated shoot in center is carried out cutting back, Secondary Branch of its topmost keeps 1-2 joint cutting back, its lower 2-4 Secondary Branch stays 1-3 joint cutting back and carves bud on the top of Secondary Branch, three-layered node fruit branch group elongated shoot stays 30-50 centimetre having export-oriented Secondary Branch place to carry out cutting back and this extroversion Secondary Branch is stayed 1-2 joint cutting back, second layer fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot stays 60-100 centimetre to carry out cutting back, and the ground floor fruit-bearing shoot cluster is no longer done Shape correction,
(5) the 5th years, during summer pruning, to the new jujube head that sends after the Secondary Branch cutting back of one of the top of dried elongated shoot, center described in (4), selecting a upright and healthy and strong new jujube head to remain continues as the dried elongated shoot in center, the new jujube head that sends on its lower 2-4 Secondary Branch respectively selects the large and healthy and strong new jujube head of a spreading angle to remain as the 4th layer of fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot, the new jujube head that three-layered node fruit branch group elongated shoot sends on Secondary Branch is foremost respectively selected the large and healthy and strong new jujube head of a spreading angle to remain to continue as three-layered node fruit branch group elongated shoot, all new jujube heads as elongated shoot are not all removed from base portion, each fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot spreading angle do not reach 70 degree during its semi-lignified with angle adjustment to the 70-110 degree, during winter pruning, in distance ground 250-350 centimeters, the dried elongated shoot in center is carried out cutting back, under section, 2-4 Secondary Branch stays 1-3 joint cutting back and carves bud on the top of Secondary Branch, the 4th layer of fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot stays 30-50 centimetre having export-oriented Secondary Branch place to carry out cutting back and this extroversion Secondary Branch is stayed 1-2 joint cutting back, three-layered node fruit branch group elongated shoot stays 60-100 centimetre to carry out cutting back, and ground floor and second layer fruit-bearing shoot cluster are no longer done Shape correction,
After (6) five years, basically no longer carry out shaping, only remove the new jujube head of unnecessary non-elongated shoot, the renewal that in time bounces back of bud or too weak fruit-bearing shoot cluster is emitted in too sturdy beginning in a large number, keep height of tree 2.5-3.5 rice, branch exhibition 1-1.5 rice, center do crooked upwards, the center does that upper direct to give birth to the jujube capitiform that 10-20 bent flat stretch fruit-bearing shoot cluster tree-like.
Patent of the present invention
Beneficial effect is,This shaping methods is suitable for the high density jujube garden (seeding row spacing 0.5-1.5 rice * 3-4.5 rice) of wide row dense planting, the shaping process is simple, after being shaped about 5 years, the tree body is tall and thin, be similar to a upright date head, in picturesque disorderly between branch do not intersect, can keep roomy space in the ranks under conditions of high density, ventilation and penetrating light is good, and tree body size controllability is strong, easily keeps high yield, stable yields and high-quality, be convenient to mechanized application, spray medicine, weeding, the operation such as gather, final-period management is easy, prunes recruitment and can save more than 80%, and the holistic management recruitment can be saved more than 60%.Can effectively solve existing tree-like be not suitable for high density jujube garden, easily occur closing, complex management, can not continue degradation problem under high and stable yield and quality.
Description of drawings
The biennial tree shaping of Fig. 2 schematic diagram, the cutting back position when in figure, tangent line is winter pruning
Fig. 3 gave birth to tree shaping schematic diagram, the cutting back position when in figure, tangent line is winter pruning in 3 years
Fig. 4 gave birth to tree shaping schematic diagram, the cutting back position when in figure, tangent line is winter pruning in 4 years
Fig. 5 gave birth to tree shaping schematic diagram, the cutting back position when in figure, tangent line is winter pruning in 5 years
Fig. 6 completes tree-like after shaping
Embodiment
Live jujube tree of building the garden, in then winter after grafting, to the dried cutting back that carries out in center, cutting back rear center does topmost that a Secondary Branch stays 1 joint, its lower 3 Secondary Branchs to stay 2 joint cutting backs in distance ground 60 centimeters.Second Year, during summer pruning, the new jujube head that sends on the dried Secondary Branch topmost in the center of selecting and remain is as the dried elongated shoot in center, the new jujube head that sends on its lower 3 Secondary Branchs respectively selects the large and healthy and strong new jujube head of a spreading angle to remain as ground floor fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot, to all not remove as other new jujube heads of elongated shoot on tree, the spreading angle of fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot is adjusted to 90 degree; During winter pruning, in distance ground 100 centimeters, the dried elongated shoot in center is carried out cutting back, Secondary Branch of its topmost keeps 1 joint cutting back, its lower 3 Secondary Branchs stay 2 joint cutting backs and carve bud on the top of Secondary Branch, and ground floor fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot stays 30 centimetres of left and right having export-oriented Secondary Branch place to carry out cutting back and this extroversion Secondary Branch is stayed 1 joint cutting back.the 3rd year, during summer pruning, the new jujube head that sends on the Secondary Branch of dried elongated shoot the top, center is remained continue as the dried elongated shoot in center, the new jujube head that sends on its lower 3 Secondary Branchs respectively selects the large and healthy and strong new jujube head of a spreading angle to remain as second layer fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot, the new jujube head that ground floor fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot sends on Secondary Branch is foremost respectively selected the large and healthy and strong new jujube head of a spreading angle to remain to continue as ground floor fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot, other are not all removed from base portion as all new jujube heads of elongated shoot, each fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot is adjusted to spreading angle 90 degree during semi-lignified, during winter pruning, in distance ground 150 centimeters, the dried elongated shoot in center is carried out cutting back, Secondary Branch of its topmost keeps 1 joint cutting back, its lower 3 Secondary Branchs stay 2 joint cutting backs and carve bud on the top of Secondary Branch, second layer fruit-bearing shoot cluster stays 30 centimetres of left and right having export-oriented Secondary Branch place to carry out cutting back and this extroversion Secondary Branch is stayed 1 joint cutting back, and ground floor fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot stays 60 centimetres to carry out short circuit.the 4th year, during summer pruning, the new jujube head that sends on the Secondary Branch of dried elongated shoot the top, center is remained continue as the dried elongated shoot in center, the new jujube head that sends on its lower 3 Secondary Branchs respectively selects the large and healthy and strong new jujube head of a spreading angle to remain as three-layered node fruit branch group elongated shoot, the new jujube head that second layer fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot sends on Secondary Branch is foremost respectively selected the large and healthy and strong new jujube head of a spreading angle to remain to continue as second layer fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot, other are not all removed from base portion as all new jujube heads of elongated shoot, each fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot is adjusted to spreading angle 90 degree during its semi-lignified, during winter pruning, in distance ground 200 centimeters, the dried elongated shoot in center is carried out cutting back, Secondary Branch of its topmost keeps 1 joint cutting back and cuts off, its lower 3 Secondary Branchs stay 2 joint cutting backs and carve bud on the top of Secondary Branch, three-layered node fruit branch group stays 30 centimetres having export-oriented Secondary Branch place to carry out cutting back and this extroversion Secondary Branch is stayed 1 joint cutting back, and second layer fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot stays 60 centimetres to carry out cutting back.the 5th year, during summer pruning, the new jujube head that sends on the Secondary Branch of dried elongated shoot the top, center is remained continue as the dried elongated shoot in center, the new jujube head that sends on its lower 3 Secondary Branchs respectively selects the large and healthy and strong new jujube head of a spreading angle to remain as the 4th layer of fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot, the new jujube head that three-layered node fruit branch group elongated shoot sends on Secondary Branch is foremost respectively selected the large and healthy and strong new jujube head of a spreading angle to remain to continue as three-layered node fruit branch group elongated shoot, other are not all removed from base portion as all new jujube heads of elongated shoot, each fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot is adjusted to spreading angle 90 degree during its semi-lignified, during winter pruning, in distance ground 250 centimeters, the dried elongated shoot in center is carried out cutting back, its lower 2 Secondary Branchs stay 2 joint cutting backs and carve bud on the top of Secondary Branch, the 4th layer of fruit-bearing shoot cluster stays 30 centimetres having export-oriented Secondary Branch place to carry out cutting back and this extroversion Secondary Branch is stayed 1 joint cutting back, and three-layered node fruit branch group elongated shoot stays 60 centimetres to carry out cutting back.After 5 years, form the height of tree 2.5 1 meter of meter, exhibition, center do crooked upwards, that upper direct jujube capitiform of giving birth to the fruit-bearing shoot cluster that 11 bent flat stretch is done at the center is tree-like, basically keep tree-like, only remove the new jujube head of unnecessary non-elongated shoot, the renewal that in time bounces back of bud or too weak fruit-bearing shoot cluster is emitted in too sturdy beginning in a large number.
Claims (1)
1. tree-like shaping methods of simplification that is suitable for high density jujube garden is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
(1) plant after or lively build First Year after the grafting of garden, in the winter time in distance ground 60-80 centimeters to the dried cutting back that carries out in center, cutting back rear center does topmost that a Secondary Branch stays 1-2 joint, its lower 2-4 Secondary Branch to stay 1-3 to save cutting back;
(2) Second Year, during summer pruning, the new jujube head that sends after the Secondary Branch cutting back of one of the top is done at (1) described center selects a upright and healthy and strong new jujube head to remain as the dried elongated shoot in center, the new jujube head that sends after its lower 2-4 Secondary Branch cutting back respectively selects the large and healthy and strong new jujube head of a spreading angle to remain as ground floor fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot, all do not remove from base portion as the every other new jujube head of elongated shoot, the fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot is adjusted to spreading angle the 70-110 degree during its semi-lignified; During winter pruning, in distance ground 100-150 centimeters, the dried elongated shoot in center is carried out cutting back, Secondary Branch of its topmost keeps 1-2 joint cutting back, its lower 2-4 Secondary Branch stays 1-3 joint cutting back and carves bud on the top of Secondary Branch, and ground floor fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot stays 30-50 centimetre having export-oriented Secondary Branch place to carry out cutting back and this extroversion Secondary Branch is stayed 1-2 joint cutting back;
(3) the 3rd years, during summer pruning, selecting a upright and healthy and strong new jujube head to remain to the new jujube head that sends after the Secondary Branch cutting back of one of the top of dried elongated shoot, (2) described center continues as the dried elongated shoot in center, the new jujube head that sends on its lower 2-4 Secondary Branch respectively selects the large and healthy and strong new jujube head of a spreading angle to remain as second layer fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot, the new jujube head that ground floor fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot sends on Secondary Branch is foremost selected the large and healthy and strong new jujube head of a spreading angle to remain to continue as ground floor fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot, all new jujube heads as elongated shoot are not all removed from base portion, each fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot is adjusted to spreading angle the 70-110 degree during its semi-lignified, during winter pruning, in distance ground 150-200 centimeters, the dried elongated shoot in center is carried out cutting back, Secondary Branch of its topmost keeps 1-2 joint cutting back, its lower 2-4 Secondary Branch stays 1-3 joint cutting back and carves bud on the top of Secondary Branch, second layer fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot stays 30-50 centimetre having export-oriented Secondary Branch place to carry out cutting back and this extroversion Secondary Branch is stayed 1-2 joint cutting back, and ground floor fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot stays 60-100 centimetre to carry out cutting back,
(4) the 4th years, during summer pruning, selecting a upright and healthy and strong new jujube head to remain to the new jujube head that sends after the Secondary Branch cutting back of one of the top of dried elongated shoot, (3) described center continues as the dried elongated shoot in center, the new jujube head that sends on its lower 2-4 Secondary Branch respectively selects the large and healthy and strong new jujube head of a spreading angle to remain as three-layered node fruit branch group elongated shoot, the new jujube head that second layer fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot sends on Secondary Branch is foremost selected the large and healthy and strong new jujube head of a spreading angle to remain to continue as second layer fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot, all new jujube heads as elongated shoot are not all removed from base portion, each fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot is adjusted to spreading angle the 70-110 degree during its semi-lignified, during winter pruning, in distance ground 200-280 centimeters, the dried elongated shoot in center is carried out cutting back, Secondary Branch of its topmost keeps 1-2 joint cutting back, its lower 2-4 Secondary Branch stays 1-3 joint cutting back and carves bud on the top of Secondary Branch, three-layered node fruit branch group elongated shoot stays 30-50 centimetre having export-oriented Secondary Branch place to carry out cutting back and this extroversion Secondary Branch is stayed 1-2 joint cutting back, second layer fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot stays 60-100 centimetre to carry out cutting back, and the ground floor fruit-bearing shoot cluster is no longer done Shape correction,
(5) the 5th years, during summer pruning, selecting a upright and healthy and strong new jujube head to remain to the new jujube head that sends after the Secondary Branch cutting back of one of the top of dried elongated shoot, (4) described center continues as the dried elongated shoot in center, the new jujube head that sends on its lower 2-4 Secondary Branch respectively selects the large and healthy and strong new jujube head of a spreading angle to remain as the 4th layer of fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot, the new jujube head that three-layered node fruit branch group elongated shoot sends on Secondary Branch is foremost selected the large and healthy and strong new jujube head of a spreading angle to remain to continue as three-layered node fruit branch group elongated shoot, all new jujube heads as elongated shoot are not all removed from base portion, each fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot is adjusted to spreading angle the 70-110 degree during its semi-lignified, in distance ground 250-350 centimeters, the dried elongated shoot in center is carried out cutting back during winter pruning, under section, 2-4 Secondary Branch stays 1-3 joint cutting back and carves bud on the top of Secondary Branch, the 4th layer of fruit-bearing shoot cluster elongated shoot stays 30-50 centimetre having export-oriented Secondary Branch place to carry out cutting back and this extroversion Secondary Branch is stayed 1-2 joint cutting back, three-layered node fruit branch group elongated shoot stays 60-100 centimetre to carry out cutting back, and ground floor and second layer fruit-bearing shoot cluster are no longer done Shape correction,
After (6) five years, basically no longer carry out shaping, only remove the new jujube head of unnecessary non-elongated shoot, the renewal that in time bounces back of bud or too weak fruit-bearing shoot cluster is emitted in too sturdy beginning in a large number, keep height of tree 2.5-3.5 rice, branch exhibition 1-1.5 rice, center do crooked upwards, the center does that upper direct to give birth to the jujube capitiform that 10-20 bent flat stretch fruit-bearing shoot cluster tree-like.
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