CN102487777A - Multi-main-branch open center tree shape of pear tree and pruning method for pear tree - Google Patents
Multi-main-branch open center tree shape of pear tree and pruning method for pear tree Download PDFInfo
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- CN102487777A CN102487777A CN2011104545102A CN201110454510A CN102487777A CN 102487777 A CN102487777 A CN 102487777A CN 2011104545102 A CN2011104545102 A CN 2011104545102A CN 201110454510 A CN201110454510 A CN 201110454510A CN 102487777 A CN102487777 A CN 102487777A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-main-branch open center tree shape of a pear tree, and belongs to the field of pruning of fruit trees. The trunk height of the tree shape is 0.7 to 0.9 meter, the central trunk height is 1.7 to 1.9 meters, 7 to 9 main branches are uniformly grown on the central trunk, and medium and small branch groups are directly grown on the main branches; the angle between each main branch and the central trunk is 70 to 80 degrees; and the thickness of a leaf curtain is 1.8 to 2.3 meters, and the height of the tree is 2.2 to 2.7 meters. The intervals of the medium branch groups on the main branches are 50 to 70 centimeters, and the intervals of the small branch groups are 10 to 20 centimeters. The tree shape has the advantages of simplicity and convenience in pruning, quickness in formation, earliness in fruiting, convenience in management, good ventilation and light transmission conditions and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of tree-like and shaping and trimming method, the happy tree-like and shaping and trimming method of the many major branches of especially a kind of pear tree.
Background technology
The tree-like of fruit tree is the important content of fruit growing, and tree-like structure is very big to the output and the quality influence of the control of the tree vigo(u)r of the management difficulty or ease in orchard, fruit tree, damage by disease and insect, fruit.At present, pear tree adopted in producing tree-like mainly be that trunk is dredged a layer shape, postponed happy shape, dredges layer shape etc. happily.
(1) trunk is dredged a layer shape. do highly 60～80 centimetres, have tangible center and do, 6～8 on the total major branch of full tree, divides 3～4 layers be arranged in centers dried on; 2 major branches of 3～4 major branch second layers of ground floor, the 3rd layer of 1～2 major branch, the 4th layer of 1～2 major branch, ground floor major branch are being close to gives birth to, and distance is not more than 40 centimetres in the layer; The interfloor distance of second layer major branch and ground floor major branch is 80～110 centimetres, about 60 centimetres of the 3rd layer of major branch and second layer major branch spacings; The 4th layer of major branch is apart from continuing about 50 centimetres on three layers of major branch, and it is overlapping that the adjacent two layers major branch is avoided up and down.Side shoot quantity on each layer major branch is different with level because of kind, is principle not make skeleton branch too sparse.This tree-like growth characteristics that meet most of pears kinds, pruning rate is lighter, and it is very fast to be shaped, and the result is morning, and output is higher.
(2) postpone happy shape.Identical with the thin layer of trunk shape during the treelet shaping, entering falls head happily more than the 6th, seven major branches after the full bearing period.This tree-like except that having the advantage that trunk dredges layer shape, can control tree crown after happy and continue upwards development, help improving the illumination condition in the hat, can control by force effectively under a little less than.The extremely strong kinds of dryness such as Chi pears, the crisp pears in brown mountain are suitable for this tree-like.
(3) a happy thin layer shape.Cry " three come out boldly " again, do not have the center to do, by direct mitogenetic three major branches in trunk top, the major branch vertical angle is the 30-35 degree.Three major branch growing ways are strong; On each major branch to the hat outside 6～7 side shoots of skew back cloth estranged, be arranged in 4～5 layers.Ground floor side shoot (each major branch stays one) is with 60～80 centimetres on trunk, and every layer of each major branch stays two side shoots more than the second layer.About 70～80 centimetres of 1～2 layer interlamellar spacing, more than the distance of each layer successively decrease 10 centimetres.3～5 the secondary side shoots of selecting and remain again on each side shoot.Happy dredge a layer shape and have that skeleton is firm, ventilation and penetrating light good, output is high, be suitable for advantage such as dense planting.Growth potential is strong, the kind of major branch growing upright is used this tree-like very favourable.Shortcoming is that the treelet pruning is tree-like heavy than other, and it is later to get into fruiting period.
(4) the canopy rack is tree-like: the theatre that is applicable to 4m-5m * 6m-7m density.Design feature is: do high 50cm-60cm, on the trunk give birth to 4 major branches, major branch is to four jiaos of stretching, extension, base angle is 50 degree, haunch is 70 degree, directly on the major branch gives birth to branch and organizes, and draws and ties up on rack, the canopy net is apart from about the 2.0m of ground, netting twine constitutes 50cm * 50cm grid.The cultivation of canopy rack; Tree crown expansion is fast, be shaped early, early stage leaf area total amount is big, the branch availability is high, tree vigo(u)r is stable, the fruit bearing shoot group is cultivated easily, good, the fruit produced of illumination condition is evenly big in the tree crown; Fruit quality is good, output is high, but frame material cost is high.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides the many major branches of a kind of pear tree happy tree-like and shaping and trimming method, of the present inventionly tree-likely has that the ventilation and penetrating light condition is good, advantages such as fast, the result of being shaped morning, convenient management, fruit quality better.
The technical scheme that the present invention taked is:
The many major branches of a kind of pear tree are tree-like happily, do high 0.7-0.9 rice, and central backbone 1.7-1.9 rice evenly on the central backbone is given birth to 7-9 major branch, directly on the major branch give birth to medium-sized and small-sized and organize; The angle of major branch and central backbone is the 70-80 degree; Leaf curtain thickness 1.8-2.3 rice, height of tree 2.2-2.7 rice.
Wherein, medium-sized branch group is 50-70 centimetre at interval on the major branch, 10-20 centimetre at interval of small-sized branch group.
The tree-like planting density that is applicable to of the present invention is the coronule or the middle hat dense planting pear tree of seeding row spacing 2-4 * 4-5 rice.
The present invention also provides the many major branches of a kind of pear tree happy tree-like shaping and trimming method, comprises the steps:
Pruned in (1) first year: prune fixed doing at 0.8-1.0 rice, 3-5 bud under the clip is carved bud;
Pruned in (2) second years: after 1 year fixed doing, send 2-4 branch under the clip; The center major branch is left and taken 40-50 centimetre carry out cutting back, 4-6 bud under the clip is carved bud; All the other length stay 2-3 full bud to carry out extremely heavy cutting back more than 50 centimetres, and long putting directly cultivated into major branch below 50 centimetres;
Pruned in (3) the 3rd years: after the pruning in 1 year, send 3-5 branch under the clip, the center major branch is left and taken 40-50 centimetre carry out cutting back, 4-6 bud under the clip is carved bud, further cultivate major branch; All the other length stay 2-3 full bud to carry out extremely heavy cutting back more than 50 centimetres, and long putting directly cultivated into major branch below 50 centimetres;
Pruned in (4) the 4th years: major branch quantity is at 8-12 after pruning in 3 years, and the central backbone height is a 1.7-1.9 rice; Remove the interval at the overlapping branch below 20 centimetres, stay the balanced major branch 7-9 of growing way; Central backbone is happy in 1.7-1.9 rice bifurcation; June, 7-9 the major branch that stays drawn branch, draw an angle 70-80 degree, the shaping process is accomplished.
Wherein, medium-sized branch group is 50-70 centimetre at interval on the major branch, 10-20 centimetre at interval of small-sized branch group.
The many major branches of pear tree of the present invention are tree-like happily dredges a layer shape branch amount, PR with trunk, and the result sees table 1.
Happy shape of the many major branches of table 1 pear tree and trunk are dredged layer shape branch amount, PR
Annotate: Shijiazhuang fruit tree research institute pear tree test region, 2 * 5 meters of density seeding row spacings, kind pear, pollinated variety Chinese pear.Visible by table 1, under same planting density and the managerial skills, the happy shape branch of the many major branches of pear tree amount increases fast, and as a result morning time, early yield increases fast, and it is short to get into the high yield time.Two tree-like output, the no significant difference of branch amount after getting into high yield period.It is fast to show that the many major branches of pear tree form shape happily, and the result early gets into time high yield period weak point.
The many major branches of pear tree of the present invention are tree-like happily dredges a layer shape light quantum flux density relatively with trunk, and the result sees table 2.
Happy shape of the many major branches of table 2 pear tree and trunk are dredged relatively μ mol (m of layer shape light quantum flux density
2S)
-1
| Tree-like | Label direct projection | Label scattering | Label summation | Hat direct projection down | Hat scattering down | Hat is summation down | Tree crown is intercepted and captured |
| The happy shape of many major branches | 46.32 | 6.83 | 53.15 | 21.56 | 2.86 | 24.42 | 28.73 |
| Trunk is dredged layer shape | 46.32 | 6.83 | 53.15 | 15.33 | 2.07 | 17.40 | 35.75 |
Annotate: Shijiazhuang fruit tree research institute pear tree test region, 3 * 5 meters of density seeding row spacings, kind yellow hat worn by a Taoist priest pears, pollinated variety Xizi, a famous beauty in the late Spring and Autumn Period is green, age of tree life in 12 years.Adopt instrument WinsCanopy2004a Canopy Analyzer to measure, above data are 5 strain mean values.On June 2nd, 2011
By visible in the table 2, under same planting density and the managerial skills, the happy tree-like tree crown of the many major branches of pear tree is intercepted and captured the light quantum flux density and is dredged layer shape less than trunk; Show that the happy tree-like ventilation and penetrating light of the many major branches of pear tree is good; Invalid blade is few in the tree crown, and tree body photosynthetic efficiency is high, helps improving fruit quality.
The many major branches of pear tree of the present invention are tree-like happily dredges a layer shape fruit soluble solids content relatively with trunk, and the result sees table 3.
Happy shape of the many major branches of table 3 pear tree and trunk are dredged layer shape fruit soluble solids content relatively
| Tree-like | Mean fruit weight (g) | Average fruit soluble solids content % | The average hardness of fruit (kg/cm3) |
| The happy shape of many major branches | 283.0 | 12.03 | 8.47 |
| Trunk is dredged layer shape | 275.9 | 11.86 | 8.34 |
Annotate: Shijiazhuang fruit tree research institute pear tree test region, 3 * 5 meters of density seeding row spacings, kind yellow hat worn by a Taoist priest pears, pollinated variety Xizi, a famous beauty in the late Spring and Autumn Period is green, age of tree life in 12 years.Above data are 5 strain mean values.On August 18th, 2011
By visible in the table 3; Under same planting density and the managerial skills; The happy tree-like fruit soluble solids content of the many major branches of pear tree, fruit single fruit weight, the hardness of fruit all are higher than trunk and dredge layer shape, show the happy tree-like fruit quality that improves of the many major branches of pear tree, are beneficial to produce high retaining fruit.
Adopt the beneficial effect that technique scheme produced to be:
1. tree-like shaping of the present invention is fast, it is easy to prune, the result early, high yield.
2, tree-like tree height degree of the present invention is low, spray medicine, pruning, flower thinning, fruit thinning, the bagging of convenient tree body, management such as gather.
3, be not equipped with side shoot and large-scale branch group on the tree-like major branch of the present invention, the leaf curtain is thinner simultaneously, and the ventilation and penetrating light condition is good, and fruit quality is good, is fit to produce high-grade fruit.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Nursery stock is selected: select for use the base portion rugosity more than 1 centimetre, height of seedling is at the high-quality pear seedling more than 1 meter, and sprout is full, and 0.2 centimetre of thick root is more than 3, and fibrous root is flourishing.
Field planting: dig the square tree well of 0.8-1 rice in advance, about 100 jin in every hole organic fertilizer base fertilizer.The field planting degree of depth is advisable with the nursery stock production degree of depth, and it is real to water depositing in water after field planting is good.Planting density is the coronule or the shaping of middle hat dense planting pear tree of seeding row spacing 2-4 * 4-5 rice.
Pruned in (1) first year: prune fixed doing at 0.8-1.0 rice, 3-5 bud under the clip is carved bud;
Pruned in (2) second years: after 1 year fixed doing, send 2-4 branch under the clip; The center major branch is left and taken 40-50 centimetre carry out cutting back, 4-6 bud under the clip is carved bud; All the other length stay 2-3 full bud to carry out extremely heavy cutting back more than 50 centimetres, and long putting directly cultivated into major branch below 50 centimetres;
Pruned in (3) the 3rd years: after the pruning in 1 year, send 3-5 branch under the clip, the center major branch is left and taken 40-50 centimetre carry out cutting back, 4-6 bud under the clip is carved bud, further cultivate major branch; All the other length stay 2-3 full bud to carry out extremely heavy cutting back more than 50 centimetres, and long putting directly cultivated into major branch below 50 centimetres;
Pruned in (4) the 4th years: major branch quantity is removed the interval at the overlapping branch below 20 centimetres at 8-12 after pruning in 3 years, stays the balanced major branch 7-9 of growing way; Central backbone is happy in 1.7-1.9 rice bifurcation; Medium-sized branch group is 50-70 centimetre at interval on the major branch, 10-20 centimetre at interval of small-sized branch group; June, 7-9 the major branch that stays drawn branch, draw an angle 70-80 degree, the shaping process is accomplished.
Claims (5)
1. the many major branches of pear tree are tree-like happily, it is characterized in that: do high 0.7-0.9 rice, central backbone 1.7-1.9 rice evenly on the central backbone is given birth to 7-9 major branch, directly on the major branch gives birth to medium-sized and small-sized and organizes; The angle of major branch and central backbone is the 70-80 degree; Leaf curtain thickness 1.8-2.3 rice, height of tree 2.2-2.7 rice.
2. the many major branches of a kind of pear tree according to claim 1 are tree-like happily, it is characterized in that: medium-sized branch group is 50-70 centimetre at interval on the major branch, 10-20 centimetre at interval of small-sized branch group.
3. the many major branches of a kind of pear tree according to claim 1 are tree-like happily, it is characterized in that: the said tree-like planting density that is applicable to is the coronule or the middle hat dense planting pear tree of seeding row spacing 2-4 * 4-5 rice.
4. according to the happy tree-like shaping and trimming method of the many major branches of the said a kind of pear tree of claim 1, it is characterized in that comprising the steps:
Pruning in (1) first year: prune fixed doing at 0.8-1.0 rice, 3-5 bud under the clip is carved bud;
Pruning in (2) second years: after 1 year fixed doing, send 2-4 branch under the clip; The center major branch is left and taken 40-50 centimetre carry out cutting back, 4-6 bud under the clip is carved bud; All the other length stay 2-3 full bud to carry out extremely heavy cutting back more than 50 centimetres, and long putting directly cultivated into major branch below 50 centimetres;
Pruning in (3) the 3rd years: after the pruning in 1 year, send 3-5 branch under the clip, the center major branch is left and taken 40-50 centimetre carry out cutting back, 4-6 bud under the clip is carved bud, further cultivate major branch; All the other length stay 2-3 full bud to carry out extremely heavy cutting back more than 50 centimetres, and long putting directly cultivated into major branch below 50 centimetres;
Pruning in (4) the 4th years: major branch quantity is removed the interval at the overlapping branch below 20 centimetres at 8-12 after pruning in 3 years, stays the balanced major branch 7-9 of growing way; Central backbone is happy in 1.7-1.9 rice bifurcation; June, 7-9 the major branch that stays drawn branch, draw an angle 70-80 degree.
5. according to the happy tree-like shaping and trimming method of the many major branches of the said a kind of pear tree of claim 4, it is characterized in that medium-sized branch is organized 50-70 centimetre at interval on the middle major branch of step (4), small-sized branch is organized 10-20 centimetre at interval.
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Cited By (15)
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| CN102405811A (en) * | 2011-09-08 | 2012-04-11 | 砀山县水果协会 | Simplified pear tree trimming method |
| CN103004416A (en) * | 2012-12-13 | 2013-04-03 | 中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所 | European pear tree labor-saving early-fruiting pruning method |
| CN103828672A (en) * | 2012-11-26 | 2014-06-04 | 丁淑红 | Walnut tree reversed-umbrella tree form and shaping method thereof |
| CN103999723A (en) * | 2014-05-08 | 2014-08-27 | 中宁县沃杞农业科技有限公司 | T-shaped Lycium barbarum trees and cultivating and pruning method thereof |
| CN103999705A (en) * | 2014-06-11 | 2014-08-27 | 河北农业大学 | Bud-notching method for lateral ultra-long branches of top grafting pear tree |
| CN104012219A (en) * | 2014-06-12 | 2014-09-03 | 河北农业大学 | Bud carving technology for promoting pear seedling central trunk to have multiple branches |
| CN104206224A (en) * | 2014-09-26 | 2014-12-17 | 李元生 | Pear tree culture method |
| CN105794577A (en) * | 2016-04-10 | 2016-07-27 | 苏州湖中生态农业科技发展有限公司 | Simple fruit-tree reshaping and pruning method |
| CN106576968A (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2017-04-26 | 山西省农业科学院现代农业研究中心 | Reshaping trimming method for high photosynthetic efficiency open-center system of fruit bearing of long-axial branch of three main branches of apple trees |
| CN106613642A (en) * | 2016-11-21 | 2017-05-10 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | Light and simple pruning method for pear trees |
| CN107242068A (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2017-10-13 | 山西省农业科学院现代农业研究中心 | A kind of happy tree-like shaping and trimming method of major branch specular removal of pear tree high level cadre three |
| CN107371855A (en) * | 2017-08-23 | 2017-11-24 | 中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所 | A kind of tree-like and shaping methods of pear tree " four arm hedge frame shapes " |
| CN107593244A (en) * | 2017-11-03 | 2018-01-19 | 太湖县香茗山生态果品科技园有限公司 | Cherry tree coronule dredges layer shape shaping and trimming method |
| CN108812019A (en) * | 2018-06-08 | 2018-11-16 | 陈超 | A kind of dense planting, high yield Pear trees shape shaping and trimming method |
| CN109220302A (en) * | 2018-09-26 | 2019-01-18 | 濮阳市林业科学院 | The slow anti-shedding Pear trees shape of tree vigo(u)r and pruning method |
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| CN102405811A (en) * | 2011-09-08 | 2012-04-11 | 砀山县水果协会 | Simplified pear tree trimming method |
| CN103828672A (en) * | 2012-11-26 | 2014-06-04 | 丁淑红 | Walnut tree reversed-umbrella tree form and shaping method thereof |
| CN103004416A (en) * | 2012-12-13 | 2013-04-03 | 中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所 | European pear tree labor-saving early-fruiting pruning method |
| CN103004416B (en) * | 2012-12-13 | 2014-05-14 | 中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所 | European pear tree labor-saving early-fruiting pruning method |
| CN103999723A (en) * | 2014-05-08 | 2014-08-27 | 中宁县沃杞农业科技有限公司 | T-shaped Lycium barbarum trees and cultivating and pruning method thereof |
| CN103999723B (en) * | 2014-05-08 | 2015-11-18 | 中宁县沃杞农业科技有限公司 | A kind of T-shaped matrimony vine tree and culturing and trimming method thereof |
| CN103999705A (en) * | 2014-06-11 | 2014-08-27 | 河北农业大学 | Bud-notching method for lateral ultra-long branches of top grafting pear tree |
| CN103999705B (en) * | 2014-06-11 | 2016-06-08 | 河北农业大学 | A kind of height connects the raw overlength branch in pear tree side and carves bud method |
| CN104012219A (en) * | 2014-06-12 | 2014-09-03 | 河北农业大学 | Bud carving technology for promoting pear seedling central trunk to have multiple branches |
| CN104206224A (en) * | 2014-09-26 | 2014-12-17 | 李元生 | Pear tree culture method |
| CN105794577A (en) * | 2016-04-10 | 2016-07-27 | 苏州湖中生态农业科技发展有限公司 | Simple fruit-tree reshaping and pruning method |
| CN106613642A (en) * | 2016-11-21 | 2017-05-10 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | Light and simple pruning method for pear trees |
| CN106613642B (en) * | 2016-11-21 | 2020-05-19 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | Simplified pear tree pruning method |
| CN106576968A (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2017-04-26 | 山西省农业科学院现代农业研究中心 | Reshaping trimming method for high photosynthetic efficiency open-center system of fruit bearing of long-axial branch of three main branches of apple trees |
| CN107242068A (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2017-10-13 | 山西省农业科学院现代农业研究中心 | A kind of happy tree-like shaping and trimming method of major branch specular removal of pear tree high level cadre three |
| CN107242068B (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2020-01-21 | 山西省农业科学院现代农业研究中心 | High-trunk three-main-branch high-light-efficiency open tree form shaping and trimming method for pear trees |
| CN107371855A (en) * | 2017-08-23 | 2017-11-24 | 中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所 | A kind of tree-like and shaping methods of pear tree " four arm hedge frame shapes " |
| CN107371855B (en) * | 2017-08-23 | 2020-06-09 | 中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所 | Four-arm hedge frame-shaped tree form of pear tree and shaping method |
| CN107593244A (en) * | 2017-11-03 | 2018-01-19 | 太湖县香茗山生态果品科技园有限公司 | Cherry tree coronule dredges layer shape shaping and trimming method |
| CN108812019A (en) * | 2018-06-08 | 2018-11-16 | 陈超 | A kind of dense planting, high yield Pear trees shape shaping and trimming method |
| CN109220302A (en) * | 2018-09-26 | 2019-01-18 | 濮阳市林业科学院 | The slow anti-shedding Pear trees shape of tree vigo(u)r and pruning method |
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Application publication date: 20120613 |