CN106613642A - Light and simple pruning method for pear trees - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a light and simplified pruning method for pear trees, the steps of which are: A, cultivating and rearing branches; B, treating the back buds; C, treating the back branches, dense branches and redundant peripheral extended branches; treating new shoots above D15cm ; E, treatment of leggy branches. This method is easy to operate, does not move the scissors and saws, guides the branches to develop to the established target, has strong controllability, can well adjust the contradiction between the vegetative growth and reproductive growth of the tree body, and achieves the ventilation and light transmission of the tree body and the nutritional balance. The purpose is to achieve the effect of high quality and stable production.

Description

A Light and Simplified Pruning Method for Pear Trees

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit trees, and more specifically relates to a method for pruning pear trees.

Background technique

Pear belongs to Rosaceae (Rosaceae) Apple subfamily (Maloideae) Pyrus (Pyrus) plant, is arborescent deciduous fruit trees, is one of my country's three major cultivated fruit trees, and also occupies a pivotal position in the world. Pear is an important cultivated fruit tree in my country. According to statistics from the Ministry of Agriculture in 2015, the area of pear orchards in China is 1.127 million hectares, accounting for 71.9% of the total area of pear orchards in the world; Accounted for the world's first. Pear production has always been an important pillar industry for Chinese farmers to increase their income and become rich, and it is also one of the main agricultural products for my country's export earnings.

Pear tree cultivation is an industry with long production cycle, high technical requirements and continuous production. Pear tree pruning is an important means of pear tree cultivation and management measures. It can make pear trees have a neat and consistent tree shape, and it is more convenient to implement various managements in pear orchards. Reasonable pruning can not only save pesticides and fertilizers, but also improve ventilation and light transmission conditions, reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests, reduce the production cost of orchards, and regulate fruit yield and quality. Traditional pear tree pruning is usually only carried out in winter. There are many uncontrollable factors, which can easily lead to excessive pruning, and a large number of vegetative branches will sprout in the next year, resulting in an imbalance between vegetative growth and reproductive growth, and affecting the output in the second year.

The traditional pruning method of pear trees is winter pruning. Pruning time: the dormant period of pear trees; pruning method: the first step is to remove the overgrown large branches, the second step is to remove a large number of redundant annual branches, the third step is to short-circuit the peripheral extension branches on the trunk branches, and the second step The fourth step is to retract overgrown or weakened fruiting branches. This pruning method is easy to cause excessive pruning, and a large number of vegetative branches will sprout in the next year, resulting in an imbalance between vegetative growth and reproductive growth, which will affect the yield in the second year. Saws are required to remove large branches, which is labor-intensive; ladders are required to remove high annual branches, which is difficult to operate. The biggest problem is that it is difficult to grasp the amount of remaining branches, and the remaining vegetative branches may not develop according to the pruning target, and the controllability is poor.

Over the years, we have carried out a lot of scientific research and experiments on how to prune pear trees to improve the quality of pear fruit, and finally invented a light and simplified pruning method for pear trees. This method adopts various technical means during the growth period of pear trees, does not move the scissors and saws, and guides the branches to develop to the established target. The contradiction between vegetative growth and reproductive growth achieves the purpose of ventilation and light transmission of the tree and nutritional balance, and achieves the effect of high quality and stable production. At the same time, it solves the problems of large amount of labor for pruning in winter, waste of fertilizer use and pear tree fruit size.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a light and simplified pruning method for pear trees to solve the problems of pruning pruning in winter, such as the large amount of labor required for traditional pear tree pruning in pear scientific research, breeding and production, the decline in pear fruit quality and the size of pear trees. There are many problems such as large amount of labor, large growth of pear trees, difficulty in pest control, waste of fertilizer use, and pear tree fruit size.

A light and simplified pruning method for pear trees is characterized in that it comprises the steps:

① When the leaf buds of the pear tree start to germinate, select a reasonable part to carve the buds and cultivate the rearing branches;

Bud engraving method: select full leaf buds, and use a small hacksaw blade to pull horizontally 2 to 3 times at a place 1-2cm above it, and cut deep into the xylem surface, the length of which should not exceed 1/2 of the trunk diameter; Produce strong vegetative branches and cultivate them as foster branches; the function of the rearing branches is to replace sub-main branches and small fruiting branch groups, and update the sub-main branches and small fruiting branch groups every 3 to 5 years, 1 to 2 years before the update must be cultivated in advance;

②When the pear tree leaf buds unfold, erase the buds on the back;

Bud wiping method: Remove the buds that have just unfolded leaves from the base, and no new branches will grow from this part;

The bud on the back refers to the bud born on the back of the main branch and the sub-main branch, which grows upright after germination;

③ When the new shoot grows to 5cm, remove the upper branches, dense branches and redundant peripheral extension branches;

Budding method: remove the new shoots from the base, leaving no stumps, and no more branches will grow in this part;

The upper branch on the back refers to the vegetative branch born on the back of the main branch and the sub-main branch, which grows upright;

The dense branches refer to the vegetative branches that are very close to each other on the main branch, the sub-main branch, and the central leader, or a plurality of vegetative branches that sprout at a bud;

The extended branch refers to the vegetative branch that is born on the top of the main branch, the sub-main branch and the central leading trunk, generally within 30 cm of the top, only one uniaxial peripheral extended vegetative branch is reserved;

④When the new shoot grows to 15cm, top it off;

Picking method: Remove all the tops of the new shoots that were born on the main branch, sub-main branch and central leading trunk to control their rapid growth; after that, remove all the new shoots that continue to grow after topping every half a month, repeat 4 to 5 times until the growth stops;

⑤Thin out the elongated branches; grow the annual branches that are not full and upright in the crown;

Pruning method: Wipe off from the base in time without leaving stumps, and remove it in time as it grows.

The pruning method of the present invention is summer pruning. Pruning time: the growth period of pear trees; pruning method: carving buds, wiping buds, wiping tips, topping, not moving the scissors and saws, guiding the branches to develop to the established target, strong controllability, simple and convenient operation, the key problem to be solved It can well adjust the contradiction between vegetative growth and reproductive growth of the tree body, achieve the purpose of ventilation, light transmission and nutritional balance of the tree body, and achieve the effect of high quality and stable production.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is traditional pruning method tree body growth figure;

Fig. 2 is the pruning tree body growth figure of the present invention method.

detailed description

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention will be further described:

The following is an example of a pear tree "3+1" tree shape combined with the attached drawings: the basic skeleton is three main branches plus a central leader, each main branch is equipped with 1 to 2 sub-main branches, the main branch, sub-main branches and The central leading stem directly produces fruiting branches or small fruiting branch groups.

See Figure 1. Figure 1 shows that the traditional pruning method is to prune in winter to remove the large branches that grow too densely. The pruning intensity is high, and the growth of the three main branches is large, resulting in too many vegetative branches and excessive vegetative growth, which affects reproductive growth. Increase.

Refer to Fig. 2, Fig. 2 is a graph of the growth of the pruning tree by the inventive method. In summer, pruning removes the elongated branches. The growth of the three main branches is relatively small, and the vegetative growth and reproductive growth are relatively coordinated. It overcomes the size of the year and achieves the ventilation of the tree. The purpose of light and nutrient balance is to achieve the effect of high quality and stable yield, and the yield is also increased by 8% compared with that in Figure 1. The method effectively solves the problems of heavy pruning of pear trees in winter, waste of fertilizer use, decline in quality of pear fruits, pear tree age and the like in scientific research, breeding and production of pears.

Specific implementation methods and steps:

1. When the leaf buds of pear trees start to germinate, choose a reasonable part to carve the buds and cultivate the rearing branches. Bud engraving method: select full leaf buds, and use a small hacksaw blade to pull horizontally 2 to 3 times at 1 to 2 cm above it, and cut deep into the surface of xylem, and the length does not exceed 1/2 of the diameter of the branch. Strong vegetative branches can be grown there by engraving the buds, which can be cultivated as rearing branches. The role of the rearing branch is to replace the sub-main branch and the small fruiting branch group. According to the characteristics of different varieties, the sub-main branch and the small fruiting branch group are updated every 3 to 5 years, and they must be cultivated in advance 1 to 2 years before the update.

2. When the pear tree leaf buds unfold, wipe off the buds on the back. Bud wiping method: Use your thumb and forefinger to remove the buds that have just unfolded from the base, and no new branches will grow from this part. The buds on the back refer to the buds born on the back of the main branch and the sub-main branch, which grow upright after germination.

3. When the new shoot grows to 5cm, wipe off the back branches, dense branches and redundant peripheral extension branches. Bud wiping method: use the thumb and forefinger to remove the new shoots from the base without leaving stumps, and this part will no longer sprout. The back branch refers to the vegetative branch that is born on the back of the main branch and the sub-main branch, and grows upright. Dense branches refer to vegetative branches that are closely spaced on the main branch, sub-main branch, and central leading trunk, or multiple vegetative branches that sprout from one bud. Extended branch refers to the vegetative branch that grows on the top of the main branch, sub-main branch and central leading trunk. Generally, only one vegetative branch extending from the periphery of a single axis is kept within 30 cm from the top.

4. When the new shoot grows to 15cm, top it off. Picking method: use the thumb and forefinger to remove the tops of all new shoots that grow on the main branch, sub-main branch and central leading trunk, and control their rapid growth (except for rearing branches, peripheral extension branches and new shoots less than 15cm long) . After that, remove all the new shoots that continue to grow after topping every half a month, and repeat 4 to 5 times until the growth stops.

5. Thin out long branches. Annual branches that grow upright without fullness in the inner canopy. Pruning method: Wipe off from the base in time without leaving stumps, and remove it in time as it grows.

Experimental example 1: In 2013, 2014 and 2015, Jinjing pears were used for three consecutive years to compare the amount of fertilization and the frequency of spraying with this method and the conventional method of winter pruning.

Specifically, the principle of engraving buds:

1. The principle of engraving buds:

In order to make the technology of cutting buds of fruit trees play a role in improving the yield and quality of fruits, it is necessary to bud timely and timely in spring, and to use the technology of carving buds correctly.

Carved buds of fruit trees can be oriented to cultivate backbone branches and build a good tree structure; concentrate nutrients to form high-quality middle and short branches, and further cultivate fruiting branch groups to make the tree fruit early. Carved buds can also supplement missing branches, correct partial crowns, suppress strong and weak ones, regulate branch growth, balance tree vigor, and stabilize tree production.

Whether the carved buds can obviously play the above role, the right time buds and the time buds are the key. Orientate and position the buds, and the buds should be carved earlier. It is better to carve buds during the period from "Awakening of Insects" to "Spring Equinox"; by carving buds to promote the buds of middle and short branches, buds can be carved around "Qingming". If the buds are carved too early, the carved buds are easy to be frozen; if the buds are carved too late, after the buds germinate, the branches that are pulled out will stop growing early, and the leaves on the branches will be less, the leaf area will be small, and it will be difficult to form flowers. When choosing the date of engraving buds, pay attention to the weather conditions and avoid cold currents.

2. When carving buds, you must carefully operate: carefully determine the number of buds to be carved, and determine the number of buds to carve according to the characteristics of the variety, the strength of the tree, the growth of the branches, the position of the branches, and the purpose of carving the buds. For the number of buds, generally speaking, common varieties are more than short-branched varieties; varieties with low germination rate are more than varieties with high germination rate. A tree with strong tree vigor can carve more buds, a tree with medium vigor should carve less buds, and a thin long branch should not carve buds. The buds on the thick and long branches can be carved more, but the buds on the thin and long branches should not be carved. Carve less buds on the backbone branches, and more buds on the auxiliary branches, but it is not suitable to carve all the buds, so as not to cause tree shape disorder.

For directional positioning and carving of buds, it should be carved close to the tip of the bud, and the knife should be cut 1 to 2 mm away from the tip of the bud, but the bud body should not be damaged. The force of the knife should be even, and it should be slightly carved into the xylem. Generally, for the engraved buds of middle and short branches, the knife edge should be farther away from the bud body, and the knife edge should be 5 mm away from the bud body. Does not penetrate the skin layer. In the bud carving operation, it is necessary to accurately grasp the distance between the knife edge and the bud to be carved, the weight of the force and the depth of the carving at all times, which are related to the effect of the bud carving, and are also the key to the success of the bud carving. The distance between the knife edge and the bud body is too close, and the bud body is easy to be damaged; if the distance is too far, the bud body is not easy to germinate. If the buds are carved too hard, the wood will be damaged too deeply, and the branches will be easily broken; if the carving is too light, and the cortex is not penetrated, it will be difficult to achieve results.

Table 1: Comparison of fertilization amount and spraying frequency of Jinjing pear by this method and conventional method

Table 1: Comparison of fertilization amount and spraying frequency of Jinjing pear by this method and conventional method

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Experimental example 2: In 2013, 2014 and 2015, Jinjing pears were compared with the fruit quality and yield per plant of this method and the conventional method of winter pruning for three consecutive years.

Table 2: Comparison of Jinjing pear fruit quality and yield per plant between this method and conventional methods

Table 2: Comparison of Jinjing pear fruit quality and yield per plant between this method and conventional methods

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It can be seen from Experimental Example 1 and Experimental Example 2 that after pruning with this method in 2013, each plant was fertilized with 1Kg (15-15-15) compound fertilizer, which was 0.5 Kg less than the conventional pruning method; 8 times, 2 times less spraying than the conventional pruning method; soluble solids were 10.2%, 0.6% higher than the conventional pruning method; the yield per plant was 23.2 Kg, 1 Kg higher than the conventional pruning method. After using this method for pruning in 2014, 1Kg (15-15-15) compound fertilizer was applied to each plant, which was 0.5 Kg less compound fertilizer than the conventional pruning method; the number of spraying times in the year was 8 times, which was 2 less than the conventional pruning method. times; the soluble solids were 10.5%, 0.7% higher than the conventional pruning method; the yield per plant was 31.5 Kg, 1.7 Kg higher than the conventional pruning method; 15) compound fertilizer, 0.5 Kg less compound fertilizer than the conventional pruning method; the number of spraying times in the year is 8 times, which is 2 times less than the conventional pruning method; the soluble solids are 10%, 0.6% higher than the conventional pruning method; The plant yield is 36.2Kg, which is 1.7 Kg higher than the conventional pruning method.

In summary, in 2013, 2014 and 2015, Jinjing pears can reduce the use of chemical fertilizers by more than 30%, reduce the use of pesticides by about 20%, and increase the yield of pears by more than 8%. increased by more than 0.5%. Therefore, using the method can improve the quality of pear fruit, and solve the problems of large amount of pruning and pruning in winter, difficulty in spraying pesticides, large amount of labor, waste of fertilizer use and the size of pear trees.

Claims (1)

1. a kind of pruning method of pear tree light simplification is characterized in that, comprises the steps: ① When the leaf buds of the pear tree start to germinate, select a reasonable part to carve the buds and cultivate the rearing branches; Bud engraving method: select full leaf buds, and use a small hacksaw blade to pull horizontally 2 to 3 times at a place 1-2cm above it, and cut deep into the xylem surface, the length of which should not exceed 1/2 of the trunk diameter; Produce strong vegetative branches and cultivate them as foster branches; the function of the rearing branches is to replace sub-main branches and small fruiting branch groups, and update the sub-main branches and small fruiting branch groups every 3 to 5 years, 1 to 2 years before the update must be cultivated in advance; ②When the pear tree leaf buds unfold, erase the buds on the back; Bud wiping method: Remove the buds that have just unfolded leaves from the base, and no new branches will grow from this part; The bud on the back refers to the bud born on the back of the main branch and the sub-main branch, which grows upright after germination; ③ When the new shoot grows to 5cm, remove the upper branches, dense branches and redundant peripheral extension branches; Budding method: remove the new shoots from the base, leaving no stumps, and no more branches will grow in this part; The upper branch on the back refers to the vegetative branch born on the back of the main branch and the sub-main branch, which grows upright; The dense branches refer to the vegetative branches that are very close to each other on the main branch, the sub-main branch, and the central leader, or a plurality of vegetative branches that sprout at a bud; The extended branch refers to the vegetative branch that is born on the top of the main branch, the sub-main branch and the central leading trunk, generally within 30 cm of the top, only one uniaxial peripheral extended vegetative branch is reserved; ④When the new shoot grows to 15cm, top it off; Picking method: Remove all the tops of the new shoots that were born on the main branch, sub-main branch and central leading trunk to control their rapid growth; after that, remove all the new shoots that continue to grow after topping every half a month, repeat 4 to 5 times until the growth stops; ⑤Thin out the elongated branches; grow the annual branches that are not full and upright in the crown; Pruning method: Wipe off from the base in time without leaving stumps, and remove it in time as it grows.