CN103461055B - High-light-effect tree shape shaping trimming method for close planting peach trees - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-light-effect tree shape shaping trimming method for close planting peach trees. A concrete method comprises the following steps that after the nursery stock planting, the stem determination is carried out in a 40-50cm position, and when new branches grow to 20cm, a straight healthy and strong new branch is selected from the top end to be used as a new branch for culturing a central stem. Two staggered opposite uniform-growth-vigor new branches extending to positions between lines are selected under the central stem main branches to be used as main branches, the rest long branches are subjected to branch taking so that the rest branches are in a horizontal shape, the growth vigor is controlled, the branch mature and the flower bud satiation are prompted, and the early fruiting is promoted. The rest medium and short branches all keep untreated. During the shearing in winter, the central stem extending branches are sheared for remaining 40 to 50cm, the main branches are cut at a position about 50cm, and in addition, one lateral sub branch is selected from the lower part to be cut. The shaping is still carried out according to the method in the second and third years, and the shaping task is basically completed. The high-light-effect tree shape shaping trimming method for close planting peach trees provided by the invention has the advantages that the shaping speed is high, the light illumination is good, the blossoming and fruiting are early, the yield is high, the quality is good, and artificial or mechanical operation and management are convenient.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fruit tree shaping trimming method, be specifically related to the shaping and trimming method that a kind of Close planting peach tree specular removal is tree-like.
Background technology
Peach is intolerant tree species, and the tree-like and tree management of peach directly has influence on the distribution of light in tree crown, Photosynthetic Productivity, flower_bud formation, the bud quality and branch life-span, and then affects the yield and quality of fruit.The tree-like trunk shape etc. such as natural spindle, improved-spindle having the natural open centre shape of large tree crown and energy planting culture of current domestic employing.Happy shape early yield is low, shaping is slow, from the full bearing period, because nutrition flows to tree crown top and fruit in a large number, tree body base portion can not get the keeping of blade for a long time, and trunk aging is accelerated, and gummosis is serious, severe life time reduction, later stage major branch base portion baldness, interior thorax is hollow, is exposed to the sun for a long time under sunlight, dry rot, rot are serious, trunk upwards transports moisture, inorganic matter mineral element ability declines, and accelerates and shortens the full bearing period, production declining.And inadequate owing to setting height, solid space is under-utilized, and quality, the output of peach fruit are lower; Trunk shape such as nature spindle, improved-spindle etc., though energy earlier results, improve fruit output, its branches and leaves are intensive, and ventilation and penetrating light is poor, cause fruit quality to decline; The Close planting peach tree specular removal that the present invention adopts is tree-like be our long-term planting culture research sum up newly tree-like, it not only can avoid above deficiency, and technology is simple, manageability, can also early bearing, high yield, it is comparatively ideal tree-like in the cultivation of current peach, is worth further research and extension.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention mainly solves is to provide a kind of peach shaping and trimming method, and overcome the tree-like defect of existing peach and deficiency, reach saving of labor, manageability, ventilation and penetrating light is good, the object of high yield and high quality, is beneficial to apply aborning.
The invention provides the shaping and trimming method that a kind of Close planting peach tree specular removal is tree-like, it comprises:
Within 1st year, prune: select full bud surely to do after seedling planting, heading height 40 ~ 50cm.When the long 20cm rice of young sprout, select from top 1 upright healthy and strong young sprout Culture Center to do, with bamboo pole, nursery stock is fixed righting.Select 2 straggly to life, growth potential evenly, the young sprout stretched in the ranks makes major branch, two main branch angles are generally 80 ° ~ 90 °.All the other long shoots carry out taking branch, make it become horizontal, control its growth potential, promote shoot maturation and bud satiation, its early bearing short.In all the other brachyplast without exception slow put motionless.Winter, when cutting, to trunk elongated shoot at 40-50cm full bud place cutting back, leads dry advantage to keep center; At about 50cm place, cutting back is carried out to major branch, and select the raw sublateral shoot cutting back in 1 side in its underpart.
Within 2nd year, prune: in May, the process such as the tip or pinching is turned round to the back branch on major branch.Winter, when cutting, takes the pruning of taking the lead with the weak bud of weak branch to the dry elongated shoot in center, the prosperous branch done at center is removed from base portion, and all the other branches are slow without exception to be put, and becomes its result of flower relief, and is transformed into medium and small fruit-bearing shoot cluster.Major branch elongated shoot takes the lead cutting back with strong bud, to be trained little fruit-bearing shoot cluster.The overstocked branch sprouted by interior thorax, upright water sprout and useless competitive branch all remove, and to improve the ventilation and penetrating light phenomenon in hat, reduce nutrient consumption and competition.
Within 3rd year, prune: the pruning still taking to take the lead with the weak bud of weak branch to the dry elongated shoot in center, all the other branches do not want cutting back, put, carry out retraction and upgrade after result so that sparse branching is gentle.As dry in center too prosperous and powerful, also can carry out girdling process, to control growing way, prevent strong up and weak down.Slowly then put into colored branch and see that bud bounces back.In hat, overstocked useless branch suitably removes.Major branch extending head is strong bud cutting back generally, angle too small when the winter cuts also optional healthy and strong branch behind change a spreading angle.The tip turned round to the upright prosperous tip on fruit-bearing shoot cluster and auxiliary support branch and removes, band girdle or girdling process can be carried out in mid or late May to more prosperous auxiliary support branch, becoming flower early bearing with short its.For bringing up branch group, increasing setting fruit position, 6-7 leaf top clipping (pinching) can be stayed in mid or late June to the vertical branch had living space, I-2 sheet leaf under clip be removed (leaving petiole), can Secondary Branch be inspired, be trained fruit-bearing shoot cluster.So far, set body to be substantially shaped.
Within 4th year, tree body starts large result, and young sprout growth eases up, and tree vigo(u)r is basicly stable, starts to enter high yield, stable production period.
Above-mentioned tree-like be that base portion 2 major branches and 1 center are done; Tree-like heading height 40 ~ 50cm; Tree-like major branch is no longer equipped with side shoot, and the left and right sides is directly equipped with large, medium and small type fruit-bearing shoot cluster; Center more than tree-like major branch is dry is evenly equipped with all kinds of branch group, and based on medium and small branch group.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows the shaping and trimming method that the Close planting peach tree specular removal that provides is tree-like, concrete advantage is as follows:
1, simply tree-like, manageability, trimming method is easy to operate;
2, this tree-like branch component cloth is reasonable, and make use of solid space fully, ventilation and penetrating light is good, and fruit yield is high, quality better;
3, this tree-like cultivation by doing upper fruit-bearing shoot cluster to center, has blocked daylight being exposed to the sun to major branch base portion, effectively solves dry rot, the rot problem of lower floor's major branch, extends the economic life of peach.
Embodiment
Below preferred embodiment of the present invention is described in detail, can be easier to make advantages and features of the invention be readily appreciated by one skilled in the art, thus more explicit defining is made to protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the present invention comprises:
The enforcement time: 2010 ~ 2013
Implement place: Huayang garden, Jiangsu Hilly Ground Zhenjiang Agriculture Science Research Institute
(1) instantiation is implemented
Experimental cultivar is peach at 4 year daybreak, and managerial skills are consistent.
(2) process is implemented
2012 ~ 2013, choose the peach of the consistent different tree form of growing way respectively.The happy shape of seeding row spacing is 4 × 6m, and two 1,000 shapes (namely the present invention is used tree-like), spindles are 3 × 4m.Comprise:
(1) happy shape: seedling heading height is 60 ~ 80cm, and under clip, 20 ~ 30cm place will have more than 5 full buds to make shaping strip.First Year is selected and is evenly distributed, at regular intervals, and azimuth respectively accounts for 120 degree of major branches.Second Year selects first, same direction side shoot on each major branch, within the 3rd year, selects other direction second side shoot.Every year secateurs is extended to major branch and stay length 50 ~ 80cm.For increasing branch level time, vegetative period can carry out 2 ~ 3 pinching.Vegetative period, spreading angle, controlled prosperous length with drawing the methods such as branch, promoted precocity fruiting.4 years raw trees will cultivate some fruit-bearing shoot clusters and fruit bearing shoot leading, on side shoot.In order to long tree and precocity fruiting soon, the winter pruning of treelet is based on light pruning.
(2) two forms: tree-like feature is " two one dry ", seeding row spacing is 2 × 4m or 3 × 6m, tree body base portion 2 major branches and 1 center are done, the height of tree about 2.5 ~ 3m, the high 0.4 ~ 0.5m of trunk, only retain 2, ground floor major branch, two major branches are substantially to life, angle is generally 80 ° ~ 90 °, does not need to be equipped with side shoot, direct raw fruit-bearing shoot cluster on major branch; Center more than ground floor major branch is dry is evenly equipped with all kinds of branch group, and based on medium and small branch group.
(3) spindle: seedling heading height 70 ~ 90cm, clip is 25 ~ 30cm place cultivation first major branch down, and under clip, the 3rd thatch cultivates the second major branch.To select and remain third and fourth major branch with the sublateral shoot that trunk sends, each major branch to rise arrangement by helical form, and the branch of several major branch is apart from being about 30cm, and the interval between branch of base portion is slightly larger, and the interval between branch at top can be slightly smaller.The First Year winter, when cutting, major branch as far as possible length stayed, and generally stays 80 ~ 110cm; The Second Year winter is when cutting, the major branch no longer cutting back elongated shoot selected and remain in bottom, and the major branch selected and remain in top does not generally also carry out cutting back, major branch spreading angle 75 ~ 85 degree; There were 8 ~ 10 major branches by the 3rd year, tree-likely basically form.
Often kind tree-likely select 8 strains, individual plant is 1 community.The investigation height of tree, crown diameter, number of results, major branch extending head new-tip length and rugosity (base portion 5cm place).Select single fruit weight, fruit longitudinal and transverse demeter, soluble solid content, the titratable acid content of 30 fruit investigation mellow fruits before gathering at random, data are averaged.Branch criteria for classification during investigation is that long shoot is greater than 50cm, middle branch 25 ~ 50cm, brachyplast 2 ~ 25cm, leafage branch are shorter than 2cm.
Light intensity measures: with level meter and TASI-631 illuminometer dot type probe, and measurement processing tree different levels, the intensity of illumination at position and the natural daylight intensity of opening, its ratio is as its relative sunshine intensity (light transmittance).Test point 4 treatment regions, the test process of each district is randomized arrangement, tree-plot, repeats for 3 times.Light intensity measures a point direction, 4, east, south, west, north, then divides 4 sections in length and breadth equally by the different height of tree and branch exhibition, determines that the point that all directions are intersected in length and breadth is light intensity measuring point, i.e. every strain tree single light-metering point 36.Minute forms the initial stage due to leaf curtain and (June) forms final period (August) to leaf curtain, within monthly 5,15 and 25 days, measures, and when points 8,11,14 and 17,4 periods fixed points are carried out, and overcast and rainyly postpones.
Photosynthetic parameters measures: respectively at 6-8 middle of the month 10 time and 14 time measure the photosynthetic parameters of process leaf sheet, monthly 1 time, instrument is CI-310 (CID company of the U.S.).Outside upper 2 points of interior neutralization are respectively got by orientation, 4, the four corners of the world, outside upper point is the crosspoint in length and breadth with peripheral line mid point in the middle part of the mid point of vertical direction top and middle part line and horizontal direction, and interior mid point is the crosspoint in length and breadth of thorax and middle part line mid point in the mid point of vertical direction bottom and middle part line and horizontal direction.Two measuring points press different directions cross exchanged position, survey the relevant parameters such as the Net Photosynthetic Rate under its natural daylight.Often set unitary determination point 8, after often clicking 3 leaf replications, get average.
Significance of difference analysis is carried out with statistical software.
(3) implementation result
1, different tree form affects peach early fruiting character
Found out by table 1, peach at daybreak 2 years raw tree Flowering Plants rates, two forms, free spindles are set far above happy shape, fall two 1,000 shapes, freely fusiform Flowering Plants rates to be respectively 24.4%, 29.6%, exceed 10.86,16.06 percentage points respectively than happy shape; Two forms of 3 years raw trees, free spindle number of bearing fruit is 24.5,40, distinguishes many 16.7,32.2 than happy shape.This is because happy shape branch level is time more and cause the low and several few cause of bearing fruit of Flowering Plants rate, adopts during happy shape and only has slow putting to have into colored phenomenon with the branch of early stage pinching.
The early fruiting character of table 1 different tree form peach
2, different tree form is on the impact of peach bulk-growth
As shown in Table 2, less to the height of tree of raw tree employing at 4 years of Peach cultivars daybreak two forms, the height of tree reduce be conducive to plucking convenient; Brachyplast and leafage branch number account for the percentage of total branch amount, and two forms, free spindles are all set higher than happy shape, and good than happy shape of two forms, free spindle Early fertile capability is described.
Table 2 different tree form is to the upgrowth situation of peach body
3, the photosynthetic effectiveness comparison of different tree form
As table 3, although the photosynthetic effect of three kinds of tree-like outsides and full tree and interior illumination intensity there are no significant difference, but happy shape tree body and two forms set the inside photosynthetic active radiation of body and Net Photosynthetic Rate apparently higher than spindle, after illustrating that the large tree of Qiao Guan is transformed by the cleaning reducing height of tree degree and the exhibition of contraction branch, the ventilation and penetrating light condition of tree body obtains effective improvement, but the limb that spindle is continued to employ due to middle part and branch relatively many, therefore the photosynthetic successful of its tree body inside is not as good as tree-like and two 1,000 shapes happily.
From ventilation and penetrating light angle, still there is larger defect with tree-like to compare with two forms happily in spindle.
The photosynthetic effect of table 3 different tree form and intensity of illumination
4, different tree form light transmittance compares
Light transmittance (table 4) display at tree body different levels and position, 3 kinds tree-like except vertical direction top light transmittance close, in horizontal direction, the happy shape of thorax is significantly higher than outside two forms and spindle, no matter other all sites are vertical direction or horizontal direction or entirety, the light transmittance of happy shape and two forms is all significantly higher than spindle, especially particularly outstanding in the performance of tree crown middle and lower part.Further demonstrate the penetrating advantage of light path of happy shape and two forms, form the raising of the stable of output and quality.And the happy shape of thorax is significantly higher than two forms and spindle in horizontal direction, then describes happy shape major branch base portion comparatively bald naked, be vulnerable to being exposed to the sun of daylight, thus cause major branch dry rot, the rot problem of peach.
The light transmittance that table 4 different tree form is tree-like
5, the fruit yield of different tree form and quality preservation
As can be seen from Table 5, the fruit quality index of happy shape and two forms is greater than spindle, and wherein, single fruit weight, soluble sugar content difference reach significance level, and due to two 1,000 shapes, spindle be planting culture, per hectare yield per unit area is significantly greater than happy shape.
The fruit yield of table 5 different tree form and quality
The foregoing is only embodiments of the invention; not thereby the scope of the claims of the present invention is limited; every utilize description of the present invention to do equivalent structure or equivalent flow process conversion; or be directly or indirectly used in other relevant technical fields, be all in like manner included in scope of patent protection of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. the shaping and trimming method that Close planting peach tree specular removal is tree-like, is characterized in that, it comprises:
Within 1st year, prune: select full bud surely to do after seedling planting, heading height 40 ~ 50cm; When the long 20cm rice of young sprout, select from top 1 upright healthy and strong young sprout Culture Center to do, with bamboo pole, nursery stock is fixed righting; Select 2 straggly to life, growth potential evenly, the young sprout stretched in the ranks makes major branch, two main branch angles are 80 ° ~ 90 °; All the other long shoots carry out taking branch, make it become horizontal, control its growth potential, promote shoot maturation and bud satiation, its early bearing short, in all the other brachyplast without exception slow put motionless, winter, when cutting, to trunk elongated shoot at 40-50cm full bud place cutting back, leads dry advantage to keep center; At about 50cm place, cutting back is carried out to major branch, and select the raw sublateral shoot cutting back in 1 side in its underpart;
Within 2nd year, prune: in May, the tip or pinching process are turned round to the back branch on major branch; Winter, when cutting, takes the pruning of taking the lead with the weak bud of weak branch to the dry elongated shoot in center, the prosperous branch done at center is removed from base portion, all the other branches are slow without exception to be put, and becomes its result of flower relief, and is transformed into medium and small fruit-bearing shoot cluster, major branch elongated shoot takes the lead cutting back with strong bud, to be trained little fruit-bearing shoot cluster; The overstocked branch sprouted by interior thorax, upright water sprout and useless competitive branch all remove, and to improve the ventilation and penetrating light phenomenon in hat, reduce nutrient consumption and competition;
Within 3rd year, prune: the pruning still taking to take the lead with the weak bud of weak branch to the dry elongated shoot in center, all the other branches do not want cutting back, put, carry out retraction and upgrade after result so that sparse branching is gentle; As dry in center too prosperous and powerful, also can carry out girdling process, to control growing way, prevent strong up and weak down, slowly then put into colored branch and see that bud bounces back; In hat, overstocked useless branch suitably removes, and major branch extending head strengthens bud cutting back, and the healthy and strong branch behind of the choosing when the winter cuts of angle too small changes a spreading angle; The tip turned round to the upright prosperous tip on fruit-bearing shoot cluster and auxiliary support branch and removes, in mid or late May, band girdle or girdling process are carried out to more prosperous auxiliary support branch, becoming flower early bearing with short its; For bringing up branch group, increasing setting fruit position, in mid or late June, 6-7 leaf top clipping being stayed to the vertical branch had living space, 1-2 sheet leaf under clip is removed, leaves petiole, can Secondary Branch be inspired, be trained fruit-bearing shoot cluster; So far, set body to be substantially shaped;
Within 4th year, tree body starts large result, and young sprout growth eases up, and tree vigo(u)r is basicly stable, starts to enter high yield, stable production period.
2. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described tree-like major branch is no longer equipped with side shoot, the left and right sides is directly equipped with large, medium and small type fruit-bearing shoot cluster.
3. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that the center of more than described tree-like major branch is dry and is evenly equipped with all kinds of branch group, and based on medium and small branch group.
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| CN104381081B (en) * | 2014-12-11 | 2016-03-16 | 竹溪县啟良生物研究所 | The trimming method of a kind of peach |
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| CN111492881A (en) * | 2020-05-06 | 2020-08-07 | 中国农业科学院果树研究所 | Peach tree shaping and trimming method |
| CN112166934A (en) * | 2020-11-06 | 2021-01-05 | 常德华诚现代农业开发有限公司 | Pruning and shaping method for peach trees |
| CN112616547A (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2021-04-09 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | Pruning method for rapid forming of peach trees in southern rain-sheltering cultivation |
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