CN113692873B - Peach tree shaping method in rainy area - Google Patents
Peach tree shaping method in rainy area Download PDFInfo
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- CN113692873B CN113692873B CN202111102713.5A CN202111102713A CN113692873B CN 113692873 B CN113692873 B CN 113692873B CN 202111102713 A CN202111102713 A CN 202111102713A CN 113692873 B CN113692873 B CN 113692873B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of peach tree cultivation, and discloses a peach tree shaping method in a rainy area, which comprises the following steps: s1, drying the peach trees in the first half month of the rainy season, leaving the bud-opening parts at the top ends of the peach trees, wrapping the buds opening 30-50cm below the top ends of the peach trees with a plastic bag, and fastening the plastic bag; and S2, cutting the branches with the length exceeding 30cm again after the buds in the plastic bags and the buds on the top of the peach tree grow young tips, and removing the outer plastic bags when the young tips grow to 6-10 cm. The method strictly controls the spacing between the branches of the peach trees during planting, and simultaneously prunes the tops of the peach trees to reduce the crown branch amount and the leaf content, thereby improving the illumination in the crowns, ensuring the natural ventilation and lighting of branch tip flower buds at the shielding part in the peach trees, effectively controlling the problems of vigorous growth and spindling of the peach tips of the peach trees, simultaneously preventing the dead lower branch tips from moving outwards, improving the quality of branch tip flowering, realizing more fruits on the same branch and greatly improving the yield.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of peach tree cultivation, in particular to a peach tree shaping method in a rainy area.
Background
Peach is a deciduous small tree whose fruit is used as fruit, flower can be viewed, fruit is juicy, can be eaten raw or made into preserved peach, can and the like, and kernel can also be eaten. Therefore, those skilled in the art have provided a method for shaping peach trees in rainy regions to solve the above problems in the background art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a peach tree shaping method in a rainy area, which strictly controls the spacing between the branches of a peach tree during planting, and simultaneously trims the top of the peach tree to reduce the branch amount of the crown and the content of leaves, thereby improving the illumination in the crown, ensuring the natural ventilation and lighting of the branch tips and flower buds of the shielded parts in the peach tree, effectively controlling the problems of vigorous and overgrown peach tips of the peach tree, simultaneously preventing the withered and dead lower branch tips and outward movement of bearing parts, improving the quality of flower formation of the branch tips, realizing more fruits on the same branch, greatly improving the yield and having certain market popularization prospect.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a peach tree shaping method in a rainy area comprises the following steps:
s1, drying the peach trees in the first half month of rainy season, leaving the bud-opening part at the top of the peach trees, wrapping the buds opening 30-50cm below the top of the peach trees with a plastic bag, and fastening the plastic bag;
s2, when the sprouts in the plastic bags and the sprouts on the top of the peach tree grow young shoots, cutting the branches with the length exceeding 30cm again, and when the young shoots grow to 6-10cm, removing the external plastic bags;
s3, taking the young shoots as a central trunk for vertical growth, selecting 6 young shoots which are opposite in growth direction and symmetrically distributed on the young shoots sprouting from the main trunk part as main branches, and manually removing the lateral branches growing on the two sides of the main trunk when the main branches grow to be below 60-70 cm;
s4, leaving the first buds growing on the main stem, removing the first buds growing on the lateral branches, and when the first buds on the main stem are all cut out, keeping the first buds growing on the lateral branches and making the first buds growing on the lateral branches all cut out;
s5, when the peach tree completely blooms, pruning the top of the peach tree to reduce the amount of crown branches and the content of leaves, and building a ventilation cavity and a light transmission cavity between adjacent trunks after pruning the top of the peach tree through a plastic pipe to ventilate and collect light for branch tip flower buds at the part shielded in the peach tree;
s6, binding the lateral branch of the shielding part in the peach tree with the lateral branch or the trunk which is closest to the peach tree and is thickest, so that branch tip flower buds growing on the lateral branch are always positioned in the ventilation cavity and the light transmission cavity, and pruning the branch tip flower buds growing on the lateral branch and extending to the outer parts of the ventilation cavity and the light transmission cavity;
s7, leaving 45-55cm short and medium fruit branches with good growth on the main branches, leaving 15-25cm small fruit branch groups with good growth on the lateral branches, and thinning out the malformed branches and the weak branches on the main branches and the lateral branches.
As a still further scheme of the invention: after the plastic bag is fastened, round holes with the diameter of 0.3-0.8cm are uniformly fastened on the outer portion of the plastic bag, and two ends of the plastic bag are fastened through elastic belts.
As a still further scheme of the invention: and when the main branch grows to be more than 70cm, keeping the lateral branches growing at two sides, and binding a plurality of groups of supports between the main branch and the lateral branches for fixing, so that the included angle between the main branch and the lateral branches is 75-90 degrees.
As a still further scheme of the invention: the plastic pipe is in a cross shape, one end of the plastic pipe is bound on one group of trunks, the other end of the plastic pipe is bound on the other group of trunks, and the two ends of the plastic pipe are fixed at one third of the two groups of trunks respectively, so that an included angle between the two groups of trunks is 40-60 degrees.
As a still further scheme of the invention: after the malformed branches and the weak branches on the main branches and the side branches are completely thinned, back upper branches extending out of the main branches are shaved to improve the illumination condition, medium-sized branch groups are cultured in the lower area of the main branches at intervals of 55-65cm, small-sized branch groups are cultured in the upper area at intervals of 16-19cm, and white paint is coated in the middle of the trunk to distinguish the medium-sized branch groups from the small-sized branch groups.
As a still further scheme of the invention: when the medium branch group on the main branch and the small branch group on the side branch both have fruits, 6 strong and non-bad fruit bearing branches are reserved on the medium branch group, 4 strong and non-bad fruit bearing branches are reserved on the small branch group, and the fruit bearing branches on the central trunk are retracted and trimmed.
As a still further scheme of the invention: in the step S5, short pruning is mainly performed when the top of the peach tree is pruned, excessive branch and leaf overgrowth is reduced, excessive dense branches in the crown, insect-disease branches and branch drooping branches after fruiting are removed, and a ventilating and light-transmitting space for fruiting branches in the crown is expanded.
As a still further scheme of the invention: and (5) after the buds formed at the top end of the peach tree grow tender tips in the step (S2), reserving a circle of rotaryleaves at the base part of the tender tips with the length of more than 10-15cm, and performing repeated truncation from the position of 1.5-2.5cm at the base part of the tender tips.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the method, the spacing between the branches of the peach tree is strictly controlled during planting, and meanwhile, the top of the peach tree is trimmed to reduce the amount of the branches of the tree crown and the content of leaves, so that the illumination in the tree crown is improved, the natural ventilation and lighting of the branch tips and flower buds of the shielding part in the peach tree are ensured, the problems of vigorous growth and overgrowth of the peach tips of the peach tree can be effectively controlled, the withered lower branch tips and outward movement of bearing parts can be prevented, the quality of flowering of the branch tips is improved, more fruits are produced on the same branch, the yield is greatly improved, and the method has a certain market popularization prospect.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A peach tree shaping method in a rainy area comprises the following steps:
s1, drying the peach trees in the first half month of rainy season, leaving the bud-opening parts at the top ends of the peach trees, wrapping the buds opening 35cm below the top ends of the peach trees with plastic bags, and fastening the plastic bags;
s2, when the sprouts in the plastic bags and the sprouts on the top of the peach trees grow young shoots, cutting the branches with the length exceeding 30cm again, and when the young shoots grow to 7cm, removing the external plastic bags;
s3, taking the young shoots as a central trunk for vertical growth, selecting 6 young shoots which are opposite in growth direction and symmetrically distributed on the young shoots sprouting from the main trunk part as main branches, and manually removing the lateral branches growing on the two sides of the main trunk when the main branches grow to be less than 62 cm;
s4, leaving the first buds growing on the main stem, removing the first buds growing on the lateral branches, and when the first buds on the main stem are all cut out, keeping the first buds growing on the lateral branches and making the first buds growing on the lateral branches all cut out;
s5, when the peach tree completely blooms, pruning the top of the peach tree to reduce the amount of crown branches and the content of leaves, and building a ventilation cavity and a light transmission cavity between adjacent trunks after pruning the top of the peach tree through a plastic pipe to ventilate and collect light for branch tip flower buds at the part shielded in the peach tree;
s6, binding the side branch of the shielding part in the peach tree with the side branch or the trunk which is closest to the peach tree and is thickest, enabling branch tip flower buds formed on the side branch to be located in the ventilation cavity and the light transmission cavity all the time, and trimming the branch tip flower buds which grow on the side branch and extend to the outside of the ventilation cavity and the light transmission cavity;
s7, leaving 47cm medium-short fruit branches with good growth vigor on the main branches, leaving 18cm small fruiting branch groups with good growth vigor on the side branches, and completely thinning out the malformed branches and the weak branches on the main branches and the side branches.
Preferably: after the plastic bag is fastened, round holes with the diameter of 0.5cm are uniformly fastened on the outer part of the plastic bag, and the two ends of the plastic bag are fastened through elastic belts.
Preferably, the following components: when the main branch grows to be more than 70cm, the lateral branches growing on the two sides are reserved, and a plurality of groups of supports are bound between the main branch and the lateral branches for fixing, so that the included angle between the main branch and the lateral branches is 80 degrees.
Preferably: the plastic tubing is cross form, and the one end of plastic tubing is tied up and is tied up on one of them a set of trunk simultaneously, and the other end is tied up and is tied up on another set of trunk to the both ends of plastic tubing are fixed respectively in the third department of two sets of trunks, make the contained angle between two sets of trunks be 45 degrees.
Preferably: after the malformed branches and the weak branches on the main branches and the side branches are completely thinned, the back upper branches extending out of the main branches are shaved to improve the illumination condition, meanwhile, medium-sized branch groups are cultured in the lower area of the main branches at intervals of 58cm, small-sized branch groups are cultured in the upper area at intervals of 17cm, and white paint is coated in the middle of the trunk to distinguish the medium-sized branch groups from the small-sized branch groups.
Preferably: when the medium branch group on the main branch and the small branch group on the lateral branch both bear fruits, 6 strong and no-bad-fruit bearing branches are left at the base of the medium branch group, 4 strong and no-bad-fruit bearing branches are left at the base of the small branch group, and the bearing branches on the central trunk are retracted and trimmed.
Preferably: in the step S5, short pruning is mainly performed when the top of the peach tree is pruned, excessive branch and leaf overgrowth is reduced, excessive dense branches in the crown, insect-disease branches and branch sagging branches after fruiting are removed, and a ventilating and light-transmitting space for bearing branches in the crown is expanded.
Preferably: and (5) after the buds formed at the top end of the peach tree grow tender tips in the step (S2), reserving a circle of rotaryleaves at the base part of the young tips with the length exceeding 12cm, and performing re-truncation at the position 2.0cm away from the base part of the young tips.
Example 2
A peach tree shaping method in a rainy area comprises the following steps:
s1, drying the peach trees in the first half month of the rainy season, leaving the bud-opening parts at the top ends of the peach trees, wrapping the buds opening 45cm below the top ends of the peach trees with a plastic bag, and fastening the plastic bag;
s2, when the sprouts in the plastic bags and the sprouts formed at the top ends of the peach trees grow young tips, cutting the branches with the length exceeding 30cm again, and removing the external plastic bags when the young tips grow to 8 cm;
s3, taking the young shoots as a central trunk for vertical growth, selecting 6 young shoots which are opposite in growth direction and symmetrically distributed on the young shoots sprouting from the main trunk part as main branches, and manually removing the lateral branches growing on the two sides of the main trunk when the main branches grow to below 68 cm;
s4, leaving the first buds growing on the main stem, removing the first buds growing on the lateral branches, and when the first buds on the main stem are all cut out, keeping the first buds growing on the lateral branches and making the first buds growing on the lateral branches all cut out;
s5, when the peach tree completely blooms, pruning the top of the peach tree to reduce the amount of crown branches and the content of leaves, and building a ventilation cavity and a light transmission cavity between adjacent trunks after pruning the top of the peach tree through a plastic pipe to ventilate and collect light for branch tip flower buds at the part shielded in the peach tree;
s6, binding the side branch of the shielding part in the peach tree with the side branch or the trunk which is closest to the peach tree and is thickest, enabling branch tip flower buds formed on the side branch to be located in the ventilation cavity and the light transmission cavity all the time, and trimming the branch tip flower buds which grow on the side branch and extend to the outside of the ventilation cavity and the light transmission cavity;
s7, leaving medium and short fruit branches with good growth of 52cm on the main branches, leaving small fruit branch groups with good growth of 22cm on the lateral branches, and completely thinning the malformed branches and the weak branches on the main branches and the lateral branches.
Preferably: after the plastic bag is fastened, round holes with the diameter of 0.7cm are uniformly fastened on the outer part of the plastic bag, and the two ends of the plastic bag are fastened through elastic belts.
Preferably: when the main branch grows to be more than 70cm, the lateral branches growing on the two sides are reserved, and a plurality of groups of supports are bound between the main branch and the lateral branches for fixing, so that the included angle between the main branch and the lateral branches is 85 degrees.
Preferably: the plastic tubing is cross form, and the one end of plastic tubing is tied up and is tied up on one of them a set of trunk simultaneously, and the other end is tied up and is tied up on another set of trunk to the both ends of plastic tubing are fixed respectively in the third department of two sets of trunks, make the contained angle between two sets of trunks be 55 degrees.
Preferably: after the malformed branches and the weak branches on the main branches and the side branches are completely thinned, the back upper branches extending out of the main branches are shaved to improve the illumination condition, meanwhile, medium-sized branch groups are cultured in the lower area of the main branches at intervals of 62cm, small-sized branch groups are cultured in the upper area at intervals of 18cm, and white paint is coated in the middle of the trunk to distinguish the medium-sized branch groups from the small-sized branch groups.
Preferably, the following components: when the medium branch group on the main branch and the small branch group on the lateral branch both have fruits, 6 strong and non-bad fruit bearing branches are left at the base of the medium branch group, 4 strong and non-bad fruit bearing branches are left at the base of the small branch group, and the fruit bearing branches on the central trunk are retracted and trimmed.
Preferably: in the step S5, short pruning is mainly performed when the top of the peach tree is pruned, excessive branch and leaf overgrowth is reduced, excessive dense branches in the crown, insect-disease branches and branch sagging branches after fruiting are removed, and a ventilating and light-transmitting space for bearing branches in the crown is expanded.
Preferably, the following components: and (S2) after the young shoots grow from the buds formed at the top end of the peach tree, reserving a circle of rotaryleaves at the base of the young shoots for the young shoots with the length of more than 13cm, and performing re-truncation at the position of 2.2cm from the base of the young shoots.
And (3) analyzing an experimental result:
the experimenter selects two peach trees with the same size and shape, and the two peach trees are named as a peach tree A and a peach tree B, wherein the peach tree A adopts the shaping steps of the embodiment 1 and the embodiment 2, the peach tree B does not adopt the shaping steps of the embodiment 1 and the embodiment 2, and the growth change of the peach tree A and the peach tree B in the same period is observed, and the experimental result is as follows:
as can be seen from the above table, the peach tree a obtained by the shaping steps of examples 1 and 2 has a branch tip length, a branch tip thickness, a branch number and a fruiting number much higher than those of the peach tree B, so that the branch tip flower buds at the shielding part in the peach tree can be ventilated and daylighted by the shaping method, and the peach tree is slightly retracted and trimmed after fruit setting, so that the generated branches are large, thick and long, the branch number of the tree body is greatly increased, and the early high yield of the peach tree is promoted.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, principal features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are given by way of illustration of the principles of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and such changes and modifications are within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (6)
1. A peach tree shaping method in a rainy area is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, drying the peach trees in the first half month of rainy season, leaving the bud-opening parts at the top ends of the peach trees, wrapping the buds opening 50cm below the top ends of the peach trees with plastic bags, and fastening the plastic bags;
s2, when the sprouts in the plastic bags and the sprouts formed at the top ends of the peach trees grow young tips, cutting the branches with the length exceeding 30cm again, and removing the external plastic bags when the young tips grow to 6-10 cm;
s3, taking shoots growing from buds formed at the top end of a peach tree as central trunks to grow vertically, selecting 6 twigs which are opposite in growing direction and symmetrically distributed on the shoots growing at the main trunk part as main branches, and manually removing lateral branches growing at two sides of the main trunk when the main branches grow to be less than 70 cm;
s4, leaving the first buds growing on the main stem, removing the first buds growing on the lateral branches, and when the first buds on the main stem are all cut out, keeping the first buds growing on the lateral branches and making the first buds growing on the lateral branches all cut out;
s5, when the peach tree completely blooms, pruning the top of the peach tree to reduce the amount of crown branches and the content of leaves, and building a ventilation cavity and a light transmission cavity between adjacent trunks after pruning the top of the peach tree through a plastic pipe to ventilate and collect light for branch tip flower buds at the part shielded in the peach tree;
s6, binding the side branch of the shielding part in the peach tree with the side branch or the trunk which is closest to the peach tree and is thickest, enabling branch tip flower buds formed on the side branch to be located in the ventilation cavity and the light transmission cavity all the time, and trimming the branch tip flower buds which grow on the side branch and extend to the outside of the ventilation cavity and the light transmission cavity;
s7, leaving 45-55cm short fruit branches with good growth on the main branches, leaving 15-25cm small fruit branch groups with good growth on the side branches, and completely thinning out the malformed branches and the weak branches on the main branches and the side branches;
after the malformed branches and the weak branches on the main branches and the side branches are completely thinned, back upper branches extending out of the main branches are shaved off to improve the illumination condition, medium branch groups are cultured in the lower areas of the main branches at intervals of 55-65cm, small branch groups are cultured in the upper areas at intervals of 16-19cm, and white paint is coated in the middle of the trunk to distinguish the medium branch groups from the small branch groups;
when the medium branch group on the main branch and the small-sized bearing branch group on the side branch both bear fruits, 6 strong and non-bad-fruit bearing branches are reserved at the base of the medium branch group, 4 strong and non-bad-fruit bearing branches are reserved at the base of the small-sized branch group, and the bearing branches on the central trunk are retracted and trimmed.
2. The peach tree shaping method for the rainy region as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plastic bag is uniformly perforated with circular holes having a diameter of 0.3-0.8cm at the outside of the plastic bag after being fastened, and both ends of the plastic bag are fastened by elastic bands.
3. The method for pruning the peach tree in the rainy region according to claim 1, wherein when the main branch grows to be more than 70cm, the lateral branches growing at both sides are reserved, and a plurality of groups of brackets are bound between the main branch and the lateral branches for fixing, so that the included angle between the main branch and the lateral branches is 75-90 degrees.
4. A peach tree shaping method in a rainy region according to claim 1, wherein the plastic pipe is cross-shaped, one end of the plastic pipe is tied to one trunk and the other end is tied to the other trunk, and both ends of the plastic pipe are fixed to one third of the two trunks respectively, so that the included angle between the two trunks is 40-60 degrees.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step S5, the top of the peach tree is trimmed by short trimming to reduce excessive branch and leaf overgrowth, remove the dense branch and insect branch in the canopy and the branch with fruit bearing, and expand the ventilation space for the fruit bearing branch in the canopy.
6. A peach tree shaping method in a rainy region according to claim 1, wherein after the buds of the peach tree at the top end grow to form young tips in step S2, a circle of rotarily-grown leaves are reserved at the base of the young tips for the young tips with the length of more than 10cm, and the young tips are cut again from the 1.5-2.5cm position of the base of the young tips.
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| CN112616547A (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2021-04-09 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | Pruning method for rapid forming of peach trees in southern rain-sheltering cultivation |
| CN112616490A (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2021-04-09 | 丹阳市茂园果业专业合作社 | Shaping and trimming method for promoting rapid and stable growth of peach trees |
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