CN106258771A - A kind of peach tree specular removal tree-like four come out boldly shape method - Google Patents
A kind of peach tree specular removal tree-like four come out boldly shape method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106258771A CN106258771A CN201610887300.5A CN201610887300A CN106258771A CN 106258771 A CN106258771 A CN 106258771A CN 201610887300 A CN201610887300 A CN 201610887300A CN 106258771 A CN106258771 A CN 106258771A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
A kind of peach tree specular removal tree-like four come out boldly shape method, this tree-like suitable planting density is 3～4 × 4～5 meters, manufacturing process comprises the following steps: (1) First Year shaping: the most surely do after field planting, dry high 30～50 centimetres, 4 healthy and strong young sprouts are upwards selected and remain as skeleton branch by autonomous butt portion, when winter cuts, skeleton branch is stayed cutting back in full bud, by clip bud orientation adjustment skeleton branch bearing of trend of selecting and remain；(2) Second Year shaping: Second Year trophophase keeps major branch to extend end of the branch advantage, controls competitive branch, stays (or light) cutting back in full bud to skeleton branch when the winter cuts；Shaping in (3) the 3rd years: Growing season managed same Second Year, priority control competitive branch in the 3rd year, and kept the mitogenetic angle of major branch 18 ± 2.5 degree.The tree management using the peach tree method that is tree-like and that prune shaping of the present invention to obtain is simple, shapes fast, and result is early；Crown height, branch level are secondary few；Crown Structure is stable, and ventilation and penetrating light is good, and yield is high, and fruit quality is good；Load capacity is big, is not required to pillar and supports.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method that fruit shape shapes, be specifically related to a kind of peach tree specular removal tree-like four and come out boldly shaping
Method.
Background technology
Fructus Persicae is intolerant tree species, and sapling up-growth amount is big, shapes fast.For adapting to peach tree characteristic, main employing three major branches in production
Natural open centre shape.This is tree-like is commonly equipped with three major branches, spreading angle 30～40 degree, and each major branch is equipped with 2～3 side shoots,
Spreading angle 60～80 degree.This tree-like skeleton branch number and branch level time are many, adapt to the feature that sapling up-growth amount is big, but in shaping
Needing to adjust skeleton branch bearing of trend, angle and skeleton branch end of the branch spacing, forming technique is complicated；This tree-like skeleton branch angle is opened
, the portion's illumination of skeleton branch back is good, but angle heavy load ability, after result, skeleton branch spreading angle is bigger, and Branches of Different Orders is equal
Needing pillar to support, tree crown is short, and bottom illumination is poor, and is unfavorable for being preced with down and manages operation, is easily formed Planarization results, and yield is relatively
Low.The two happy shapes of major branch applied in recent years, decrease skeleton branch number, specification skeleton branch bearing of trend, forming technique letter
Changing, facilitate operation in the ranks, but it is big (45～50 degree) to still suffer from skeleton branch spreading angle, need pillar or built to support, treelet is repaiied
The problems such as the amount of cutting is big.For overcoming the problems referred to above, we reach 3 according to Growing season sun altitude, azimuth, guarantee tree crown bottom
The direct light photograph of more than individual hour, and consider that peach tree sapling up-growth is prosperous, stay the factors such as end of the branch slow growth force more, devise four
Major branch low-angle shape of coming out boldly is tree-like, through in Shunping County, Hebei province, Shenzhou City, test garden, Xinji City pruning practice, establish
Four come out boldly tree-like structural parameters and pruning technique.This tree-like tree management is simple, and skeleton branch branch level time is low, prunes
Measuring little, forming technique simplifies, and shapes fast, and after shaping, tree crown is cone, and skeleton branch is relatively upright, is not required to pillar, and load capacity is strong,
Tree crown leg space ventilation printing opacity is good, three-dimensional result, and fruit yield is high, and quality is excellent.Considerably increase the lower working space of hat simultaneously, convenient
Mechanization less important work.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved be to provide a kind of peach tree specular removal tree-like four come out boldly shape method.
The present invention solves its technical problem and employed technical scheme comprise that, a kind of peach tree specular removal tree-like four come out boldly shape side
Method, comprises the following steps:
(1) First Year shaping: the most surely do after field planting, dry high 30～50 centimetres, when new-tip length is 30～40 lis
Meter Shi, autonomous butt portion 4～5 healthy and strong young sprouts of upwards selecting and remain are as skeleton branch, and the branch sprouted again for remaining, when impact choosing
Stay the in advance bud picking of branch growth, take branch tenderizer or the heavy pruning tip to process when having little time the employing that bud picking grown up；4 simultaneously selected and remain
～5 skeleton branches, not spreading angles, to adjust direction, be allowed to vertical growth, the sublateral shoot that the skeleton branch selected and remain occurs is except impact
Outside the competitive branch of end of the branch growth is controlled by, remaining branch top all keeps nature to grow；Skeleton branch time the winter cuts then, is carried out by field planting
Adjusting, four suitable branches in orientation of selecting and remain do major branch, and remaining bigger branch removes；Major branch is according to the full journey of growth potential and bud
Degree stays cutting back in full bud, and major branch is cut and stayed length 40～60 centimetres；Bud orientation is stayed for major branch clip, the kind choosing that the first transaction of a day's business is strong
Staying interior lateral bud or interior skew back to sprout, sprouts in the Fruit variety side that orthostatic is strong；
(2) Second Year shaping: Second Year trophophase keeps major branch to extend end of the branch advantage, controls competitive branch, when young sprout grows to
When 40～50 centimetres, select and remain, adjust major branch elongated shoot, interior side shoot and sublateral shoot early stage be allowed to growth, inside utilization enriching shoot contention sky
Between natural the first transaction of a day's business major branch angle, raw for side enriching shoot is trained medium and small fruit-bearing shoot cluster；During Second Year winter pruning, in skeleton branch end of the branch
(or) cutting back, to cut and stay length 80～120 centimetres, clip stays bud orientation to cut with the First Year winter, the strong prosperous branch in inner side and end of the branch on major branch
Near annual shoot stay to faint and remove, the raw branch in stronger side and behind branch weight cutting back, in the golden mean of the Confucian school, long fruit branch is slow puts；
Shaping in (3) the 3rd years: Growing season managed same Second Year, priority control competitive branch in the 3rd year, and kept major branch mitogenetic
Angle 18 ± 2.5 degree, should stay fruit less for biennial position or not stay fruit, and result was based on 3 years raw positions；3rd year winter cut
Time, major branch end of the branch carries out slow putting, and other processing method is with Second Year winter；Equidirectional small branch group spacing after winter pruning
Keep more than 40 centimetres, 30～35 long short-and-medium fruitful branches that average every meter of major branch length is selected and remain, and keep in fruitful branch distribution
Under dilute close, up-small and down-big；Major branch middle and lower part fruit-bearing shoot cluster and fruitful branch are substantially distributed in behind and the most oblique side, and major branch top is tied
Fruit branch group and fruitful branch are based on major branch side and outside, between the adjacent strain in major branch top and the most all retaining 1.2～1.5 meters
Away from, tree crown entirety becomes turbination.
Further, in step (1), if can not select four suitable branches in orientation to do major branch then, then to therein 1～
2 major branches carry out weight cutting back, are divided into two after its branch, Secondary Branch on major branch the most prosperous and inner side enriching shoot stay to faint and remove,
Stronger side life branch and behind branch weight cutting back, in the golden mean of the Confucian school, long fruit branch is slow puts, and weight cutting back 3～5 branches on each major branch delay and put 3～5
Individual branch.
Further, in step (3), if major branch end of the branch growth potential is weak, middle cutting back is once.The peach tree using the present invention is pruned
Simple with the tree-like tree management that the method shaped obtains, pruning rate is little, shapes fast, and result is early；Crown height, branch level are secondary few；
Crown Structure is stable, and ventilation and penetrating light is good, and yield is high, and fruit quality is good；Load capacity is big, is not required to pillar and supports, is suitable for seeding row spacing
It it is the peach garden of 3～4 × 4～5 meters.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is illustrated further.
Embodiment 1
1, First Year shaping: the most surely do after field planting, general dry high 30～50 centimetres, full bud of selecting and remain, in order to
Send skeleton branch of selecting and remain in branch.When new-tip length 30～40 centimetres, checking and send out branch quantity, autonomous butt portion upwards selects and remain 4
～5 healthy and strong young sprouts, remaining branch sprouted again, impact selects and remain the in advance bud picking of branch growth, and have little time that bud picking grown up adopts
Its growth potential is slowed down, with auxiliary foster sapling up-growth with by branch tenderizer or the heavy pruning tip；4～5 skeleton branches selected and remain, angle of not opening a business
Degree, is allowed to vertical growth, simply adjusts direction, and the sublateral shoot that the skeleton branch selected and remain occurs is except the competitive branch affecting end of the branch growth
Outside being controlled by, remaining branch top all keeps nature to grow, it should be noted that keep selecting and remain the growth potential of skeleton branch.The field planting winter then cuts
Time, skeleton branch is adjusted, four suitable branches in orientation of selecting and remain do major branch, and remaining bigger branch removes；Major branch is general
Stay cutting back in full bud according to growth potential and bud turgor, cut and stay length 40～60 centimetres；For prevention major branch spreading angle mistake
Big and adjust major branch orientation, it should be noted that major branch clip stays bud orientation, the strong kind of general the first transaction of a day's business is selected and remain interior lateral bud or interior skew back
Sprouting, sprouts in the Fruit variety side that orthostatic is strong, and each veriety does not the most select outer lateral bud or behind bud；As can not selected four then
Individual major branch, can carry out weight cutting back, be divided into two after its branch 1～2 major branch therein, and the Secondary Branch on major branch is the most prosperous
Staying to faint with inner side enriching shoot and remove, the raw branch in stronger side and behind branch weight cutting back, in the golden mean of the Confucian school, long fruit branch is slow puts, on general each major branch
Weight cutting back 3～5 branches, delay and put 3～5 branches.
2, Second Year shaping: Second Year trophophase keeps major branch to extend end of the branch advantage, controls competitive branch.Young sprout grow to 40～
Select and remain when 50 centimetres, adjust major branch elongated shoot.This tree-like spreading angle intentionally that is not required to, interior side shoot and sublateral shoot early stage be allowed to growth,
Enriching shoot nature the first transaction of a day's business major branch angle inside utilization.The raw enriching shoot of offside uses and takes branch, turns round the maneuver such as the tip or the heavy pruning tip, is trained medium and small
Fruit-bearing shoot cluster.Cutting back during skeleton branch end of the branch is continued during winter pruning, cuts and stays length 80～120 centimetres, clip to stay bud orientation with the
1 year winter cut.On major branch inner side strong prosperous branch and end of the branch near annual shoot stay faint (retaining 1～2 flat bud) to wipe out, stronger side
Raw branch and behind branch weight cutting back, in the golden mean of the Confucian school, long fruit branch is slow puts.
3, shaping in the 3rd year: Growing season managed same Second Year, priority control competitive branch in the 3rd year, and prevented major branch angle mistake
Greatly, the mitogenetic angle of major branch 18 ± 2.5 degree is kept.For promoting that major branch end of the branch advantage extends, biennial position should be stayed fruit less or not stay
Really, result was based on 3 years raw positions.When within 3rd year, the winter cuts, major branch end of the branch carries out slow putting, the end of the branch weak to growth potential, it is possible to again
Middle cutting back is once.Other processing method is with Second Year winter.After winter pruning, equidirectional small branch group spacing keeps 40 lis
More than meter, 30～35 long short-and-medium fruitful branches that average every meter of major branch length is selected and remain, and keep fruitful branch distribution upper dilute under close, on
Little lower greatly；Major branch middle and lower part fruit-bearing shoot cluster and fruitful branch are substantially distributed in behind and the most oblique side, major branch top fruit-bearing shoot cluster and
Fruitful branch is based on major branch side and outside.
Through embodiment 1, peach tree being pruned four major branches that obtain shape structural parameters of coming out boldly is the height of tree 3.5～4 meters, and trunk is high
20～40 centimetres, or without trunk；Directly mitogenetic 4 balance of power major branches, the mitogenetic angle of major branch 18 ± 2.5 from ground or trunk
Degree, on major branch directly raw small-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster or fruitful branch, small-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster spacing 20～40 centimetres；Tree crown bottom result
Branch group main distribution major branch behind or the most tiltedly side；Tree crown top fruit-bearing shoot cluster and fruitful branch are distributed in major branch side and outside；
Setting fruit position is not the most stayed inside skeleton branch；Become age tree mutually draw at tree crown top galvanized wire, between the adjacent strain in tree crown top with
The most all retaining the spacing of 1.2～1.5 meters, tree crown entirety is coning.The peach tree tree management that this forming technique is cultivated is simple,
Pruning rate is little, shapes fast, and after shaping, skeleton branch is relatively upright, and load capacity is strong, and outside tree crown, ventilation and penetrating light is good, three-dimensional result, really
Real yield is high, and quality is excellent.3rd year starts result, average yield per mu 500～800 kilograms；4th annual per mu yield 2000～2500
Kilogram；The best fruiting period, average yield per mu 4000～5000 kilograms are entered after 5th year.
Claims (3)
1. a peach tree specular removal tree-like four is come out boldly the method shaped, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
(1) First Year shaping: the most surely do after field planting, dry high 30～50 centimetres, when new-tip length is 30～40 centimetres,
Autonomous butt portion 4～5 healthy and strong young sprouts of upwards selecting and remain are as skeleton branch, and the branch sprouted again for remaining, when impact is selected and remain branch
The in advance bud picking of growth, takes branch tenderizer or the heavy pruning tip to process when having little time the employing that bud picking grown up；4～5 simultaneously selected and remain
Individual skeleton branch, not spreading angle, adjust direction, is allowed to vertical growth, and the sublateral shoot that the skeleton branch selected and remain occurs is except affecting branch
Outside the competitive branch of head growth is controlled by, remaining branch top all keeps nature to grow；Skeleton branch time the winter cuts then, is adjusted by field planting
Whole, four suitable branches in orientation of selecting and remain do major branch, and remaining bigger branch removes；Major branch is according to growth potential and bud turgor
Staying cutting back in full bud, major branch is cut and is stayed length 40～60 centimetres；Staying bud orientation for major branch clip, the strong kind of the first transaction of a day's business is selected and remain
Interior lateral bud or interior skew back are sprouted, and sprout in the Fruit variety side that orthostatic is strong；
(2) Second Year shaping: Second Year trophophase keeps major branch to extend end of the branch advantage, controls competitive branch, when young sprout grow to 40～
When 50 centimetres, select and remain, adjust major branch elongated shoot, interior side shoot and sublateral shoot early stage be allowed to growth, inside utilization enriching shoot contention space from
So the first transaction of a day's business major branch angle, is trained medium and small fruit-bearing shoot cluster by raw for side enriching shoot；During Second Year winter pruning, in skeleton branch end of the branch or light
Cutting back, cuts and stays length 80～120 centimetres, and clip stays bud orientation to cut with the First Year winter, on major branch near the strong prosperous branch in inner side and end of the branch
Annual shoot stays to faint and wipes out, the raw branch in stronger side and behind branch weight cutting back, and in the golden mean of the Confucian school, long fruit branch is slow puts；
Shaping in (3) the 3rd years: Growing season managed same Second Year, priority control competitive branch in the 3rd year, and kept the mitogenetic angle of major branch
18 ± 2.5 degree, should stay fruit less for biennial position or not stay fruit, result was based on 3 years raw positions；When within 3rd year, the winter cuts, main
Lopwood head carries out slow putting, and other processing method was cut with the Second Year winter；After winter pruning, equidirectional small branch group spacing is the least
In 40 centimetres, 30～35 long short-and-medium fruitful branches that average every meter of major branch length is selected and remain, and keep fruitful branch distribution upper dilute under close,
Up-small and down-big；Major branch middle and lower part fruit-bearing shoot cluster and fruitful branch are substantially distributed in behind and the most oblique side, major branch top fruit-bearing shoot cluster
With fruitful branch based on major branch side and outside, between the adjacent strain in major branch top and the most all retain the spacing of 1.2～1.5 meters, tree
Hat entirety is coning.
Peach tree specular removal tree-like four the most according to claim 1 come out boldly shape method, it is characterised in that in step (1),
If can not select four suitable branches in orientation to do major branch then, then 1～2 major branch therein is carried out weight cutting back, at it
Be divided into two after Zhi, Secondary Branch on major branch the most prosperous and inner side enriching shoot stay to faint and remove, the raw branch in stronger side and behind branch weight are short
Cutting, in the golden mean of the Confucian school, long fruit branch is slow puts, and weight cutting back 3～5 branches on each major branch delay and put 3～5 branches.
Peach tree specular removal tree-like four the most according to claim 1 come out boldly shape method, it is characterised in that in step (3),
If major branch end of the branch growth potential is weak, middle cutting back is once.
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Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107624415A (en) * | 2017-10-11 | 2018-01-26 | 孙考义 | The double open form implantation methods of fruit tree |
| CN107683715A (en) * | 2017-09-22 | 2018-02-13 | 淮南市祝利生态园林有限公司 | A kind of method of peach shaping and trimming |
| CN107691070A (en) * | 2017-10-11 | 2018-02-16 | 潍坊职业学院 | A kind of peach pruning method |
| CN107873306A (en) * | 2017-11-20 | 2018-04-06 | 江苏省农业科学院 | A kind of new three major branches specular removal cultural method of peach |
| CN108174739A (en) * | 2018-02-11 | 2018-06-19 | 刘进 | Four major branch rapid shaping method of peach |
| CN109644763A (en) * | 2019-01-16 | 2019-04-19 | 山东省果树研究所 | A kind of high photosynthetic efficiency wild goose formation cultural method for peach appropriateness dense planting |
| CN110122107A (en) * | 2019-06-26 | 2019-08-16 | 河北农业大学 | The double strains dislocation tree-like manufacturing process of V word of one planting fruit-trees |
| CN110192492A (en) * | 2019-07-15 | 2019-09-03 | 河北田康农业科技有限公司 | A kind of trimming control cultural method of peach advantage result |
| CN111108949A (en) * | 2020-03-19 | 2020-05-08 | 四川省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Pruning method for plum trees and apricot trees |
| CN112425434A (en) * | 2020-11-19 | 2021-03-02 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | Pruning method for branches and tips of peach trees in growing seasons in rainy regions |
| CN112616547A (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2021-04-09 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | Pruning method for rapid forming of peach trees in southern rain-sheltering cultivation |
| CN113692873A (en) * | 2021-09-21 | 2021-11-26 | 湖北七仙红园区管理服务有限公司 | Peach tree shaping method in rainy area |
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Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107683715A (en) * | 2017-09-22 | 2018-02-13 | 淮南市祝利生态园林有限公司 | A kind of method of peach shaping and trimming |
| CN107624415A (en) * | 2017-10-11 | 2018-01-26 | 孙考义 | The double open form implantation methods of fruit tree |
| CN107691070A (en) * | 2017-10-11 | 2018-02-16 | 潍坊职业学院 | A kind of peach pruning method |
| CN107873306A (en) * | 2017-11-20 | 2018-04-06 | 江苏省农业科学院 | A kind of new three major branches specular removal cultural method of peach |
| CN108174739A (en) * | 2018-02-11 | 2018-06-19 | 刘进 | Four major branch rapid shaping method of peach |
| CN109644763A (en) * | 2019-01-16 | 2019-04-19 | 山东省果树研究所 | A kind of high photosynthetic efficiency wild goose formation cultural method for peach appropriateness dense planting |
| CN110122107A (en) * | 2019-06-26 | 2019-08-16 | 河北农业大学 | The double strains dislocation tree-like manufacturing process of V word of one planting fruit-trees |
| CN110192492A (en) * | 2019-07-15 | 2019-09-03 | 河北田康农业科技有限公司 | A kind of trimming control cultural method of peach advantage result |
| CN111108949A (en) * | 2020-03-19 | 2020-05-08 | 四川省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Pruning method for plum trees and apricot trees |
| CN112425434A (en) * | 2020-11-19 | 2021-03-02 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | Pruning method for branches and tips of peach trees in growing seasons in rainy regions |
| CN112616547A (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2021-04-09 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | Pruning method for rapid forming of peach trees in southern rain-sheltering cultivation |
| CN113692873A (en) * | 2021-09-21 | 2021-11-26 | 湖北七仙红园区管理服务有限公司 | Peach tree shaping method in rainy area |
| CN113692873B (en) * | 2021-09-21 | 2022-07-19 | 湖北七仙红园区管理服务有限公司 | Peach tree shaping method in rainy area |
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