CN109937784A - A kind of apocarya high photosynthetic efficiency is tree-like and its breeding method - Google Patents
A kind of apocarya high photosynthetic efficiency is tree-like and its breeding method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of apocarya high photosynthetic efficiency is tree-like and its breeding method, twist, breeding method in the 2nd year the following steps are included: carried out the grafting of the 1st, 2 level after field planting in the 1st year for tree-like entirety；Carry out within 3rd year the grafting of the 3rd level；Carry out within 4th year the grafting of the 4th level；Carry out within 5th year the grafting of the 5th level；Carry out within 6th year the grafting of the 6th level；Carry out within 7th year the grafting of the 7th level；Carry out within 8th year the grafting of the 8th level；Stop grafting from 9th year, is trimmed；Finally cultivated has 10-16 main breed side shoot, 5-8 level, interlamellar spacing relatively large at one plant, and the high photosynthetic efficiency that spiral single layer is misplaced is tree-like；The present invention makes ventilation and penetrating light inside and outside tree body by rationally layering grafting；Shaping is replaced with grafting, while realizing update and pruning；One year old seedling and the numerous seedling of root are bred as stock using pollinated variety, are reduced the configuration of pollinizers, are worth promoting.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to non-wood forest culture technical field, the tree-like cultivation side of specifically a kind of apocarya high photosynthetic efficiency
Method.
Background technique
Lv Xizhen first proposed apple tree high photosynthetic efficiency in early 1960s, and on the basis of evacuation is layered shape, wound
The tree-like cultivation of high photosynthetic efficiency is made, practice effect is fairly good.High photosynthetic efficiency is tree-like to be referred in process of production, the fruit on unit area
Leaf piece is at most, absorption light source is most strong, photosynthetic rate is most fast, photosynthate highest, under the supplement nutrition cooperation of appropriateness, yield
High, quality, work conveniently, and meets the abbreviation of fruit tree itself forming power.Tree-like it can reach above-mentioned requirements regardless of any
It is all that high photosynthetic efficiency is tree-like.The happy shape of coronule that planting culture " all risk insurance trunk shape ", thin planting are transformed at present, with the dialectical management skill of fruit tree
It is tree-like that the brachyplast shape of art transformation or the more forms of Qiao Huayi master, the bead curtain type of Qiao Zhenshu etc. belong to high photosynthetic efficiency, and process is smaller
It changes (according to the characteristic of various trees), is equally applicable to various tree species.
Fruit quality should be taken into account in production while paying attention to fruit yield, develops high yield, high-quality fruit is inexorable trend.
Tree-like is the important foundation of fruit tree harvesting high-quality high-yield cultivation.It is determined with cultivation management measure under the same conditions in planting type, tree
Shape will affect the illumination patterns of tree crown, and illumination, to its bud differentiation, blooms, bears fruit, growth and development for most tree species
Have a major impact, it is especially bigger to the qualitative effects of fruit.Sufficient illumination can be effectively improved the nutrition condition of tree body, have
Conducive to the formation of bud, promote the color of fruit, improves fruit yield, moreover it is possible to improve the storage capacity of fruit.In addition, base
It is also extremely urgent to the tree-like of pruning simplification, Labor-saving and mechanization is obtained in the demand of Labor-saving.
Apocarya is one, and purposes is wide, the benefit period is long, high financial profit, and social benefit and ecological benefits are significantly excellent
Good economic tree.Apocarya is monoecism, heterogamy plant, and 10 years of Seedling propagation just start to yield positive results, 15-
Enter within 20 years the best fruiting period, the apocarya of propagation by grafiting only 3-5 be born with can fruiting, into the best fruiting period, Sheng Guo after 8-10
Phase is up to 50-70.Construction is to harvest the apocarya orchard of nut as the main purpose, it is necessary to use grafting with improved seed seedling.It closes
The pruning of reason can make trees keep good tree management, and result enters high yield period ahead of time, balanced growth and result
Relationship extends the time limit in the best fruiting period, improves the quality of fruit.How to be bred as really realizing apocarya shaping simplify,
Mechanical work convenient purification, early stageization of going into operation at garden, cultivate recruitment Labor-saving, the high photosynthetic efficiency of solid high-quality long-actingization of getting bumper crops tree-like is
One urgent problem to be solved.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is that providing a kind of pass through to solve the above-mentioned problems and being rationally layered grafting, make in tree body
Separate ventilation light transmission；Replace the apocarya high photosynthetic efficiency of shaping tree-like to graft.
The present invention through the following technical solutions to achieve the above objectives:
A kind of apocarya high photosynthetic efficiency is tree-like, and twist, including trunk, trunk is equipped with 5-8 layer to tree-like entirety
The major branch of secondary major branch, 2 adjacent levels is interspersed, the major branch of each level altogether there are two, this 2 major branches point are in trunk
There is spacing in the vertical direction in opposite two sides, this 2 major branches.
A kind of breeding method that apocarya high photosynthetic efficiency is tree-like, comprising the following steps:
The apocarya for selecting the 3-5 of healthy and strong nursery stock, lateral root prosperity, high 2.0-2.5m or so raw for (1) the 1st year grows directly from seeds
It is colonized before container seedling or the numerous seedling spring rudiment of root, distance between rows and hills 6m × 8m, survives rear next spring progress square bud and connect；It is trimmed when field planting
The 1/3-1/2 of the previous year new life trunk；
The first tenday period of a month in May, (2) the 2nd to by the end of June within the scope of 0.5-0.7m from the ground carry out the 1st level grafting, a line
In odd number single plant graft 2 main breeds away from 20cm between the upper and lower from east-west direction respectively and budder, while in 1.2- from the ground
The grafting of the 2nd level is carried out within the scope of 1.4m, is grafted 2 main breeds away from 20cm between the upper and lower from North and South direction respectively and is buddered；
Even number single plant in a line is grafted away from 20cm from North and South direction between the upper and lower respectively within the scope of 0.5-0.7m from the ground
2 main breeds are buddered, while grafting 2 main cultivation product away from 20cm between the upper and lower from east-west direction within the scope of 1.2-1.4m from the ground
Kind is buddered；
The first tenday period of a month in May, (3) the 3rd to grafting position by the end of June moves up 50cm, and the 3rd layer is carried out within the scope of liftoff 1.9-2.1m
Secondary grafting, the odd number single plant in a line graft 2 main breeds away from 20cm between the upper and lower from east-west direction respectively and budder；
Even number single plant in a line grafts 2 main breeds away from 20cm between the upper and lower from North and South direction respectively and budders；
The first tenday period of a month in May, (4) the 4th to grafting position by the end of June moves up 50cm, and the 4th layer is carried out within the scope of liftoff 2.6-2.8m
Secondary grafting, the odd number single plant in a line graft 2 main breeds away from 20cm between the upper and lower from North and South direction respectively and budder；
Even number single plant in a line grafts 2 main breeds away from 20cm between the upper and lower from east-west direction respectively and budders；
The first tenday period of a month in May, (5) the 5th to grafting position by the end of June moves up 50cm, and the 5th layer is carried out within the scope of liftoff 3.3-3.5m
Secondary grafting, the odd number single plant in a line graft 2 main breeds away from 20cm between the upper and lower from east-west direction respectively and budder；
Even number single plant in a line grafts 2 main breeds away from 20cm between the upper and lower from North and South direction respectively and budders；
The first tenday period of a month in May, (6) the 6th to grafting position by the end of June moves up 50cm, and the 6th layer is carried out within the scope of liftoff 4.0-4.2m
Secondary grafting, the odd number single plant in a line graft 2 main breeds away from 20cm between the upper and lower from North and South direction respectively and budder；
Even number single plant in a line grafts 2 main breeds away from 20cm between the upper and lower from east-west direction respectively and budders；
The first tenday period of a month in May, (7) the 7th to grafting position by the end of June moves up 50cm, and the 7th layer is carried out within the scope of liftoff 4.7-4.9m
Secondary grafting, the odd number single plant in a line graft 2 main breeds away from 20cm between the upper and lower from east-west direction respectively and budder；
Even number single plant in a line grafts 2 main breeds away from 20cm between the upper and lower from North and South direction respectively and budders；
The first tenday period of a month in May, (8) the 8th to grafting position by the end of June moves up 50cm, and the 8th layer is carried out within the scope of liftoff 5.4-5.6m
Secondary grafting, the odd number single plant in a line graft 2 main breeds away from 20cm between the upper and lower from North and South direction respectively and budder；
Even number single plant in a line grafts 2 main breeds away from 20cm between the upper and lower from east-west direction respectively and budders；
Stop grafting from (9) the 9th years, only pumping goes out on two or three nodes to the previous year immediately below the cutting back point
Sturdy branch is chosen in the branch of vertical growth and trims the 1/3-1/2 that the previous year new life is done, remaining weaker branch carries out
Tip trimming, while removing narrow angle side shoot.
As a further optimization solution of the present invention, the row of the field planting is to for east-west direction or North and South direction.Odd-numbered line
It is successively planted according to odevity single plant, even number line is successively planted according to even odd number single plant.
As a further optimization solution of the present invention, the apocarya one year old seedling or the numerous seedling of root are and main cultivation product
The matched pollinated variety of kind is cultivated.I.e. stock directly by with main breed matched 2,3 pollinated varieties (Qi Kete, Xiao
Buddhist nun and Jin Aowa optionally one or two) cultivate into one year old seedling or the numerous seedling of root, it is natural after stock growth to generate and can have
There is the limb of pollinated variety, realizes that self is pollinated.
As a further optimization solution of the present invention, the apocarya plant in step (2)-(8) after grafting exists
The branch of the vertical growth gone out in dormant period or before rudiment from pumping on two or three nodes immediately below the cutting back point of the previous year
It selects sturdy branch to continue to cultivate as trunk in item, and trims the 1/3-1/2 that the previous year new life is done, remaining weaker branch
Item is cut in base portion.
As a further optimization solution of the present invention, the base diameter of branching out of the grafting in the step (4) to the 1st level is more than
It is removed when 2.5cm.
As a further optimization solution of the present invention, in entire tree-like incubation, in dormant period in time to being longer than 80cm
Grafting stripping carry out tip trimming, growth period regards the height of stock (field planting plant) the non-grafted portion in top, grafting one in time
Layer or two layers.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
The present invention makes ventilation and penetrating light inside and outside tree body by rationally layering grafting, tree-like compared to traditional natural open centre shape
With evacuation layering shape it is tree-like for bigger crown diameter and tree it is high smaller, yield is higher；
The present invention it is tree-like compared to traditional natural open centre shape and evacuation layering shape it is tree-like for have higher interior lights
It closes Net long wave radiation and Net Photosynthetic Rate, ventilation and penetrating light is more excellent；
The present invention with graft replace shaping, while realize excellent variety update and pruning stock directly by
It cultivates and holds at growing directly from seeds with matched 2,3 pollinated varieties of main breed (Qi Kete, Shawnee and Jin Aowa optionally one or two)
Device seedling or the numerous seedling of root, reducing additionally is main breed according to 1:10 proportional arrangement pollinizers.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the tree-like schematic diagram of apocarya high photosynthetic efficiency of the invention.
Specific embodiment
The application is described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawing, it is necessary to it is indicated herein to be, implement in detail below
Mode is served only for that the application is further detailed, and should not be understood as the limitation to the application protection scope, the field
Technical staff can make some nonessential modifications and adaptations to the application according to above-mentioned application content.
A kind of apocarya high photosynthetic efficiency is tree-like, and integrally twist, including trunk, trunk are equipped with 5-8 level
Major branch, these major branches are spirally distributed on solid space, and the major branch of 2 adjacent levels is interspersed, each level
There are two major branch is total, there is spacing in this 2 major branches point two sides opposite in trunk, this 2 major branches in the vertical direction.
A kind of breeding method that apocarya high photosynthetic efficiency is tree-like, comprising the following steps:
The apocarya for selecting the 3-5 of healthy and strong nursery stock, lateral root prosperity, high 2.0-2.5m or so raw for (1) the 1st year grows directly from seeds
It is colonized before container seedling or the numerous seedling spring rudiment of root, distance between rows and hills 6m × 8m, survives rear next spring progress square bud and connect.It is trimmed when field planting
The 1/3-1/2 of the previous year new life trunk.
The field planting is a line along east-west direction or North and South direction.
The first tenday period of a month in May, (2) the 2nd to by the end of June within the scope of 0.5-0.7m from the ground carry out the 1st level grafting, a line
In odd number single plant graft 2 main breeds away from 20cm between the upper and lower from east-west direction respectively and budder, while in 1.2- from the ground
The grafting of the 2nd level is carried out within the scope of 1.4m, is grafted 2 main breeds away from 20cm between the upper and lower from North and South direction respectively and is buddered.
Even number single plant in a line grafts 2 main breeds away from 20cm between the upper and lower from North and South direction respectively and budders, while from the ground
The grafting of the 2nd level is carried out within the scope of 1.2-1.4m, is grafted 2 main breeds away from 20cm between the upper and lower from east-west direction respectively and is connect
Bud.The vertical growth gone out in dormant period or before rudiment from pumping on the 1st year two or three nodes immediately below cutting back point
It selects sturdy branch to continue to cultivate as trunk in branch, and trims the 1st year newborn dry 1/3-1/2, remaining is weaker
Branch is cut in base portion.
The first tenday period of a month in May, (3) the 3rd to grafting position by the end of June moves up 50cm, and the 3rd layer is carried out within the scope of liftoff 1.9-2.1m
Secondary grafting, the odd number single plant in a line graft 2 main breeds away from 20cm between the upper and lower from east-west direction respectively and budder.A line
In even number single plant, respectively from North and South direction between the upper and lower away from 20cm graft 2 main breeds budder.In dormant period or before rudiment from
Sturdy branch is selected to make in the branch for the vertical growth that pumping goes out on 2nd year two or three nodes immediately below cutting back point
Continue to cultivate for trunk, and trim the 2nd year newborn dry 1/3-1/2, remaining weaker branch is cut in base portion.
The first tenday period of a month in May, (4) the 4th to grafting position by the end of June moves up 50cm, and the 4th layer is carried out within the scope of liftoff 2.6-2.8m
Secondary grafting, the odd number single plant in a line graft 2 main breeds away from 20cm between the upper and lower from North and South direction respectively and budder.A line
In even number single plant, respectively from east-west direction between the upper and lower away from 20cm graft 2 main breeds budder.In dormant period or before rudiment from
Sturdy branch is selected to make in the branch for the vertical growth that pumping goes out on 3rd year two or three nodes immediately below cutting back point
Continue to cultivate for trunk, and trim the 3rd year newborn dry 1/3-1/2, remaining weaker branch is cut in base portion.It removes simultaneously
The grafting of 1st level is branched out and coppice shoot, or when the grafting of the 1st level branch out base diameter be more than 2.5cm when removal, be beneficial to
Carry out mechanical harvesting.
The first tenday period of a month in May, (5) the 5th to grafting position by the end of June moves up 50cm, and the 5th layer is carried out within the scope of liftoff 3.3-3.5m
Secondary grafting, the odd number single plant in a line graft 2 main breeds away from 20cm between the upper and lower from east-west direction respectively and budder.A line
In even number single plant, respectively from North and South direction between the upper and lower away from 20cm graft 2 main breeds budder.In dormant period or before rudiment from
Sturdy branch is selected to make in the branch for the vertical growth that pumping goes out on 4th year two or three nodes immediately below cutting back point
Continue to cultivate for trunk, and trim the 4th year newborn dry 1/3-1/2, remaining weaker branch is cut in base portion
The first tenday period of a month in May, (6) the 6th to grafting position by the end of June moves up 50cm, and the 6th layer is carried out within the scope of liftoff 4.0-4.2m
Secondary grafting, the odd number single plant in a line graft 2 main breeds away from 20cm between the upper and lower from North and South direction respectively and budder.A line
In even number single plant, respectively from east-west direction between the upper and lower away from 20cm graft 2 main breeds budder.In dormant period or before rudiment from
Sturdy branch is selected to make in the branch for the vertical growth that pumping goes out on 5th year two or three nodes immediately below cutting back point
Continue to cultivate for trunk, and trim the 5th year newborn dry 1/3-1/2, remaining weaker branch is cut in base portion.
The first tenday period of a month in May, (7) the 7th to grafting position by the end of June moves up 50cm, and the 7th layer is carried out within the scope of liftoff 4.7-4.9m
Secondary grafting, the odd number single plant in a line graft 2 main breeds away from 20cm between the upper and lower from east-west direction respectively and budder.A line
In even number single plant, respectively from North and South direction between the upper and lower away from 20cm graft 2 main breeds budder.In dormant period or before rudiment from
Sturdy branch is selected to make in the branch for the vertical growth that pumping goes out on 6th year two or three nodes immediately below cutting back point
Continue to cultivate for trunk, and trim the 6th year newborn dry 1/3-1/2, remaining weaker branch is cut in base portion.
The first tenday period of a month in May, (8) the 8th to grafting position by the end of June moves up 50cm, and the 8th layer is carried out within the scope of liftoff 5.4-5.6m
Secondary grafting, the odd number single plant in a line graft 2 main breeds away from 20cm between the upper and lower from North and South direction respectively and budder.A line
In even number single plant, respectively from east-west direction between the upper and lower away from 20cm graft 2 main breeds budder.In dormant period or before rudiment from
Sturdy branch is selected to make in the branch for the vertical growth that pumping goes out on 7th year two or three nodes immediately below cutting back point
Continue to cultivate for trunk, and trim the 7th year newborn dry 1/3-1/2, remaining weaker branch is cut in base portion.
(7), (8) two steps can match good situation selection in manpower and material resources and implement.
Stop grafting from (9) the 9th years, only pumping goes out on two or three nodes to the previous year immediately below the cutting back point
Sturdy branch trims the 1/3-1/2 that the previous year new life is done in the branch of vertical growth, remaining weaker branch carries out tip
Trimming removes narrow angle side shoot (weaker branch and sturdy branch angle are less than 45 °).
When without (7), (8) two steps, stop grafting from the 7th year, implements according to step (9).(10) whole
In a tree-like incubation, tip trimming is carried out to the grafting stripping for being longer than 80cm in time in dormant period, growth period regards anvil in time
The height of the wooden non-grafted portion in top is grafted one or two layers, can once be completed.
Finally having cultivated has that 10-16 main breed side shoot, 5-8 level, interlamellar spacing are relatively large (50cm) at one plant,
The high photosynthetic efficiency that spiral single layer is misplaced is tree-like, has ventilation, light transmission, high yield, good effective effect.
The odd-numbered line of field planting is successively planted according to odevity single plant, and even number line is successively planted according to even odd number single plant.
The apocarya one year old seedling or the numerous seedling of root are cultivated with the matched pollinated variety of main breed.I.e.
Stock directly by with matched 2,3 pollinated varieties of main breed (Qi Kete, Shawnee and Jin Aowa optionally one or two) training
It is bred as one year old seedling or the numerous seedling of root.
The utility model has the advantages that one, layer makes ventilation and penetrating light inside and outside tree body, tap talent potentialities for increasing production away from biggish layering tree crown, disease is reduced
Fruit quality and yield are promoted in insect pest.Two, clear bole height (1.2-1.4m) is high, and ground ventilation is ventilative, is conducive to progress mechanization and adopts
It receives.Three, shaping is replaced to graft, while realizes the replacement and pruning of excellent variety.Four, early stage orchard establishment 7-9
The beneficial and lasting effect of management, solid generation of the above-mentioned tree-like culture to the later period implemented.Five, directly with main cultivation product
Kind matched pollinated variety cultivates the stock at one year old seedling or the numerous seedling of root as main breed, reduce additionally based on plant
Kind is according to 1:10 proportional arrangement pollinizers.
Sample plot is selected in Yunnan Jiang Cheng.Experimental cultivar is 10 years life " Shaoxing " (also known as Yun Xing) apocaryas.
North and south row is to the present invention is tree-like, the evacuation layering distance between rows and hills that shape is tree-like and natural open centre shape is tree-like is 6m × 8m.
Experimentation and result of the invention is as follows:
One, experiment process:
Every kind tree-like to select 20 plants, and single plant is 1 cell.Investigation tree height, crown diameter, number of results, major branch extending head new-tip length
And rugosity (at base portion 5cm).The single fruit weight, fruit longitudinal and transverse demeter, carpopodium for selecting 30 fruits investigation mellow fruits before harvesting at random be long,
Soluble solid content, data are averaged.Branch classification standard when investigation be long shoot be greater than 50cm, middle branch 25~
50cm, 2~25cm of brachyplast, leafage branch are shorter than 2cm.
Light intensity measurement: with level meter and TASI-631 illumination photometer dot type probe, measurement processing tree different levels, position
The natural light intensity of intensity of illumination and opening, ratio is as its relative sunshine intensity (light transmittance).4 processing of test point
Area, each area's test process are random alignment, tree-plot, 3 repetitions.Light intensity measurement divides the direction of east, south, west, north 4, then
Divide 4 sections equally in length and breadth with branch exhibition by different trees are high, determines that the point that all directions are intersected in length and breadth is light intensity measuring point, i.e., every plant tree single is surveyed
Luminous point 36.Minute forms initial stage (June) to leaf curtain due to leaf curtain and forms final (August), and 5,15 and 25 days monthly are surveyed
It is fixed, divide 8:00,11:00,14:00 and 17:004 period fixed points to carry out, postpones rainy days.
Photosynthetic parameters measurement: respectively at the photosynthetic ginseng of 10:00 and 14:00 the measurement processing leaf piece of 6-mid-Augusts
Number, monthly 1 time, instrument is CI-310 (CID company, the U.S.).The interior outside upper two o'clock of neutralization is respectively taken by the orientation of the four corners of the world 4,
Outside upper point is the crosspoint in length and breadth in the middle part of the midpoint and horizontal direction on vertical direction top and middle part line with peripheral line midpoint,
Interior midpoint is the crosspoint in length and breadth of thorax and middle part line midpoint in the midpoint and horizontal direction of vertical direction lower part and middle part line.
Two measuring points press different directions cross exchanged position, survey the relevant parameters such as the Net Photosynthetic Rate under its natural light.Every tree unitary determination
Point 8, takes mean value after often clicking 3 leaf replications.
Two, experimental result
The upgrowth situation of 1 different tree form thin shell mountain pecan peach of table
1, influence of the different tree form to apocarya Growth status
As shown in Table 1, smaller using the tree-like tree height of the present invention, crown diameter is larger, and it is convenient that the high reduction of tree is conducive to picking；It is short
The percentage of branch and the leafage branch total branch amount of number Zhan, the present invention is tree-like, the tree-like evacuation layering shape that is above of natural open centre shape is tree-like, says
The bright present invention is tree-like, the tree-like Early fertile capability of natural open centre shape is better than evacuation layering shape；In terms of single plant yield, present invention tree
The tree-like tree of shape, natural open centre shape is since branches and leaves amount is few, low output more tree-like than evacuation layering shape, if dense planting will be much higher than evacuation point
The tree-like yield of layer shape.
The photosynthetic effect and intensity of illumination of 2 different tree form of table
2, the photosynthetic effect of different tree form compares
Such as table 2, although three kinds of tree-like outsides and the photosynthetic effect set entirely there are no significant difference, the present invention it is tree-like and from
So the inside photosynthetically active radiation of the tree-like tree body of happy shape, Net Photosynthetic Rate are apparently higher than evacuation layering shape, illustrate the big tree of Qiao Guan
After cleaning transformation by reducing tree height and branches and leaves, the ventilation and penetrating light condition of tree body is effectively improved, but evacuates layering
Shape and the tree-like limb continued to employ due to middle part of natural open centre shape and branch are relatively more, and the photosynthetic effect inside tree body is bright
It is aobvious tree-like not as good as the present invention.
In terms of ventilation and penetrating light angle, evacuation layering shape and natural open centre shape it is tree-like with the present invention it is tree-like compared with there are still larger
Defect.
3, different tree form light transmittance compares
Such as table 3, no matter it is vertically oriented or horizontal direction, it is happy that the tree-like light transmittance of the present invention is all remarkably higher than nature
Shape is tree-like and evacuation layering is tree-like, especially shows in tree crown middle and lower part especially prominent.It is tree-like to further demonstrate the present invention
The penetrating advantage of optical path forms the raising of the stabilization and quality of yield.
The light transmittance of 3 different tree form of table
The embodiments described above only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but simultaneously
Limitations on the scope of the patent of the present invention therefore cannot be interpreted as.It should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art
For, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, various modifications and improvements can be made, these belong to guarantor of the invention
Protect range.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of apocarya high photosynthetic efficiency is tree-like, which is characterized in that twist, including trunk is set on trunk tree-like entirety
Have the major branch of 8 levels, the major branch of 2 adjacent levels is interspersed, the major branch of each level altogether there are two, same level
2 major branches point two sides opposite in trunk, and there is spacing in the vertical direction in 2 major branches.
2. an a kind of breeding method that apocarya high photosynthetic efficiency is tree-like as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that including with
Lower step:
The apocarya that nursery stock is healthy and strong, lateral root is flourishing, the 3-5 of high 2.0-2.5m or so gives birth to is selected within (1) the 1st year to grow directly from seeds container
Seedling or the numerous seedling of root, are colonized, distance between rows and hills 6m × 8m before spring rudiment, survive rear next spring progress square bud and connect；Before being trimmed when field planting
The 1/3-1/2 of 1 year newborn trunk；
The first tenday period of a month in May, (2) the 2nd to the grafting for carrying out the 1st level within the scope of 0.5-0.7m from the ground by the end of June, in a line
Odd number single plant grafts 2 main breeds away from 20cm between the upper and lower from east-west direction respectively and budders, while in 1.2-1.4m model from the ground
The interior grafting for carrying out the 2nd level is enclosed, 2 main breeds is grafted away from 20cm between the upper and lower from North and South direction respectively and budders；
Even number single plant in a line grafts 2 away from 20cm between the upper and lower from North and South direction respectively within the scope of 0.5-0.7m from the ground
Main breed is buddered, while grafting 2 main breeds away from 20cm between the upper and lower from east-west direction within the scope of 1.2-1.4m from the ground
It budders；
The first tenday period of a month in May, (3) the 3rd to grafting position by the end of June moves up 50cm, and the 3rd level is carried out within the scope of liftoff 1.9-2.1m
It grafts, the odd number single plant in a line, grafts 2 main breeds away from 20cm between the upper and lower from east-west direction respectively and budder；
Even number single plant in a line grafts 2 main breeds away from 20cm between the upper and lower from North and South direction respectively and budders；
The first tenday period of a month in May, (4) the 4th to grafting position by the end of June moves up 50cm, and the 4th level is carried out within the scope of liftoff 2.6-2.8m
It grafts, the odd number single plant in a line, grafts 2 main breeds away from 20cm between the upper and lower from North and South direction respectively and budder；
Even number single plant in a line grafts 2 main breeds away from 20cm between the upper and lower from east-west direction respectively and budders；
The first tenday period of a month in May, (5) the 5th to grafting position by the end of June moves up 50cm, and the 5th level is carried out within the scope of liftoff 3.3-3.5m
It grafts, the odd number single plant in a line, grafts 2 main breeds away from 20cm between the upper and lower from east-west direction respectively and budder；
Even number single plant in a line grafts 2 main breeds away from 20cm between the upper and lower from North and South direction respectively and budders；
The first tenday period of a month in May, (6) the 6th to grafting position by the end of June moves up 50cm, and the 6th level is carried out within the scope of liftoff 4.0-4.2m
It grafts, the odd number single plant in a line, grafts 2 main breeds away from 20cm between the upper and lower from North and South direction respectively and budder；
Even number single plant in a line grafts 2 main breeds away from 20cm between the upper and lower from east-west direction respectively and budders；
The first tenday period of a month in May, (7) the 7th to grafting position by the end of June moves up 50cm, and the 7th level is carried out within the scope of liftoff 4.7-4.9m
It grafts, the odd number single plant in a line, grafts 2 main breeds away from 20cm between the upper and lower from east-west direction respectively and budder；
Even number single plant in a line grafts 2 main breeds away from 20cm between the upper and lower from North and South direction respectively and budders；
The first tenday period of a month in May, (8) the 8th to grafting position by the end of June moves up 50cm, and the 8th level is carried out within the scope of liftoff 5.4-5.6m
It grafts, the odd number single plant in a line, grafts 2 main breeds away from 20cm between the upper and lower from North and South direction respectively and budder；
Even number single plant in a line grafts 2 main breeds away from 20cm between the upper and lower from east-west direction respectively and budders；
Stop grafting from (9) the 9th years, only on two or three nodes to the previous year immediately below the cutting back point pumping go out it is upright
Sturdy branch is chosen in the branch of growth and trims the 1/3-1/2 that the previous year new life is done, remaining weaker branch carries out tip
Trimming, while removing narrow angle side shoot.
3. the tree-like breeding method of apocarya high photosynthetic efficiency according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the field planting
Row is to for east-west direction or North and South direction；Odd-numbered line is successively planted according to odevity single plant, even number line according to even odd number single plant according to
Secondary plantation.
4. the tree-like breeding method of apocarya high photosynthetic efficiency according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the shell mountain
Walnut one year old seedling or the numerous seedling of root are cultivated with the matched pollinated variety of main breed.
5. the tree-like breeding method of apocarya high photosynthetic efficiency according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the step
(2) the apocarya plant in-(8) after grafting is within dormant period or before rudiment from two immediately below the cutting back point of the previous year
Or sturdy branch is selected to continue to cultivate as trunk in the branch for the vertical growth that pumping goes out on three nodes, and before trimming
1 year newborn dry 1/3-1/2, remaining weaker branch are cut in base portion.
6. the tree-like breeding method of apocarya high photosynthetic efficiency according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the step
(4) grafting in except the 1st level is branched out and coppice shoot, or branches out when base diameter is more than 2.5cm when the grafting of the 1st level and go
It removes.
7. the tree-like breeding method of apocarya high photosynthetic efficiency according to claim 2, which is characterized in that entire tree-like training
During supporting, tip trimming is carried out to the grafting stripping for being longer than 80cm in time in dormant period, growth period regards stock top not in time
The height of grafted portion grafts one or two layers.
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| CN111937668A (en) * | 2020-08-30 | 2020-11-17 | 江苏水木农景股份有限公司 | Pruning method for improving apocarya yield |
| CN114303777A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-04-12 | 山东省果树研究所 | Special tree form for facility sweet cherry dwarf stock close planting and trimming method thereof |
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| CN111937668A (en) * | 2020-08-30 | 2020-11-17 | 江苏水木农景股份有限公司 | Pruning method for improving apocarya yield |
| CN114303777A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-04-12 | 山东省果树研究所 | Special tree form for facility sweet cherry dwarf stock close planting and trimming method thereof |
| CN114303777B (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2023-03-31 | 山东省果树研究所 | Special tree form for facility sweet cherry dwarf stock close planting and trimming method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20190628 Assignee: Jiangsu Guolin running Industrial Development Co.,Ltd. Assignor: NANJING FORESTRY University Contract record no.: X2021980015140 Denomination of invention: The invention relates to a thin shell hickory high light efficiency tree and a cultivation method thereof Granted publication date: 20210504 License type: Common License Record date: 20211215 |