CN111937668A - Pruning method for improving apocarya yield - Google Patents
Pruning method for improving apocarya yield Download PDFInfo
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- CN111937668A CN111937668A CN202010893536.6A CN202010893536A CN111937668A CN 111937668 A CN111937668 A CN 111937668A CN 202010893536 A CN202010893536 A CN 202010893536A CN 111937668 A CN111937668 A CN 111937668A
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- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003716 rejuvenation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000009025 Carya illinoensis Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 4
- 241001453450 Carya illinoinensis Species 0.000 abstract description 4
- 240000007049 Juglans regia Species 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000009496 Juglans regia Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000020234 walnut Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241000899834 Obovaria olivaria Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a pruning method for improving the output of apocarya and belongs to the technical field of walnut planting. According to the method, a specific pruning method is adopted for the carya illinoensis tree forms in different periods through the means of bud picking, branch thinning, short cutting, retraction and the like, and the pruning of the carya illinoensis in the sapling period is mainly aimed at culturing main branches and main lateral branches; the main principle of pruning the apocarya at the initial fruit stage is to continue to cultivate tree forms, expand tree crowns, reasonably arrange bone branches, cultivate fruiting branch groups and carry out proper fruiting; the pruning of the apocarya in the full bearing period is mainly based on multi-culture bearing branch groups. By adopting the method provided by the invention, the relationship between the fruiting branch group and the main and side branches can be reasonably adjusted, so that the fruiting branch group is uniformly distributed, the illumination is fully utilized, the effective conversion rate of photosynthesis is improved, the fruit quality is improved, the fruiting area is increased, and the fruiting number is increased.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of walnut planting, and particularly relates to a pruning method for improving the yield of apocarya.
Background
Thin-shelled hickory nut belongs to the tree species of tall trees. The growth characteristics of the method are that the trunk is strong, the top dominance is obvious, the fruiting is later, and the number of the fruiting in a short time is small.
In the existing cultivation of apocarya, the cultivation of bearing fruit trees mostly adopts a trunk layering type: usually 1-1.5 meters is a result level, and by manually pruning 2-3 levels, an early preliminary result tree is formed. The advantages of this trimming method are: the tree body has good ventilation and light transmission, beautiful tree shape, large fruiting area and high yield, and is suitable for places with good growth conditions and varieties with strong self trunk. The disadvantages are that: the trees are slow to form overall, late in result and low in early yield.
The pruning method of the open-heart tree form comprises the following steps: obvious main branches are not cultured, and the aim is to mainly use multi-branch and multi-growth promoting bearing branches. The method can quickly form the tree shape, enter the fruiting period earlier, is convenient to master, and is suitable for tree-shape-opening varieties planted in regions with poor soil conditions. There are problems in that: the crown is molded too early, the ventilation and light transmission are poor, the development of the crown is limited, and the influence on the later-period yield is irreversible.
Therefore, proper pruning measures are taken to adjust the tree structure, so that branches are appropriate in density, ventilation and light transmission conditions are improved, the early bearing and high yield of the tree are promoted, the early bearing performance and the fruit yield of the apocarya are improved, and the method is particularly important for popularization and industrial development of the apocarya.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a pruning method for improving the yield of apocarya.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a pruning method for improving the yield of apocarya comprises the following steps:
1) pruning in the sapling period: the spindly branches and the vigorous nutrition branches are retracted, and the dense branches are thinned; after the seedlings are planted, trunk is fixed at 1.2-1.5m, main trunk branches and main side branches are cultured as the main trunk branches in 1 year and 2 year after planting, an upright branch is selected and reserved as the main trunk branch, 3-4 main side branches are reserved and uniformly distributed in each direction, and 10-15 branch groups are cultured in 3 year; under the condition of not influencing the growth of the main lateral branches, the tree shape is adjusted by pinching and short-cutting, and the resultant branch groups are cultured by pinching with summer shears;
2) trimming at the initial fruit stage: removing branches with vigorous growth, crossed branches and overlapped branches to make the branches robust and uniformly distributed, developing the tree vigor, culturing 4-5 groups of fruiting branches, culturing tree forms according to the fruiting quantity, expanding tree crowns, and controlling the yield of each plant to be 2-4 kg;
3) and (3) pruning in full fruit period: rejuvenating the bone branches by utilizing branches and buds; retracting and thinning the nutrition branches and keeping the fruiting branches; thinning weak branches and non-fruiting branches in the fruiting branch group of 2-3 years, and promoting branching; pinching in spring or summer, and culturing to obtain fruiting branch group; if a new tip is extracted from the inner chamber, a space can be reserved, and the new tip is cultivated into a branch group by pinching in summer or cutting in autumn and winter; controlling the growth of the back branches of the vigorous growth; the fruit branches on the main branches and the side branches of each level are uniformly distributed and reasonably configured, the ratio of the fruit branches on the main branches and the side branches of each level is 1: 5, and the lower-layer fruit branches account for 2/3 of the total amount; keep the interior of the crown not empty, the outside not closely, it is reasonable to ventilate the printing opacity.
Furthermore, the initial fruit period is 4-5 years after the nursery stock is fixed to be dry.
Furthermore, the full bearing period is 8-10 years after the fixed drying.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) the method provided by the invention can ensure that the fruit branch groups are uniformly distributed and the result area is increased;
(2) the invention can reasonably allocate the relationship between the result branch group and the main branch and the side branch, and increase the number of results;
(3) the invention can fully utilize the illumination, greatly increase the effective transformation of photosynthesis and improve the fruit quality.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to specific examples. These examples are intended to illustrate the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
A pruning method for improving the yield of apocarya comprises the following steps:
1) pruning in the sapling period: the spindly branches and the vigorous nutrition branches are retracted, and the dense branches are thinned; after planting the nursery stock, fixing the trunk at 1.2-1.5m, mainly culturing main trunk branches and main lateral branches in 1 st year and 2 nd year, mainly culturing fruiting branch groups in 3 rd year, selecting and reserving one upright branch as the main trunk branch, reserving 3-4 main lateral branches, and uniformly distributing in each direction; under the condition of not influencing the growth of the main lateral branches, the tree shape is adjusted by pinching and short-cutting, and the resultant branch groups are cultured by pinching with summer shears;
2) trimming at the initial fruit stage: 4-5 years after stem fixing, removing over-growing branches, cross branches and overlapped branches to make the branch tips robust and uniformly distributed, opening the tree vigor, culturing 4-5 fruiting branch groups, culturing tree forms according to fruiting quantity, expanding crown, and controlling the yield of each plant to be 2-4 kg;
3) and (3) pruning in full fruit period: after 8-10 years of stem fixing, using upper branches and upper buds to rejuvenate bone stem branches; retracting and thinning the nutrition branches and keeping the fruiting branches; thinning weak branches and non-fruiting branches in the fruiting branch group of 2-3 years, and promoting branching; pinching in spring or summer, and culturing to obtain fruiting branch group; if a new tip is extracted from the inner chamber, a space can be reserved, and the new tip is cultivated into a branch group by pinching in summer or cutting in autumn and winter; controlling the growth of the branches behind the vigorous growth, temporarily retaining the weak growth vigor but formed plump buds for fruiting, and retracting after fruiting; the fruit branches on the main branches and the side branches of each level are uniformly distributed and reasonably configured; the ratio of the bearing branches on the main branches and the side branches at each level is 1: 5, the side branches at the middle and lower layers are used as main bearing branch culture areas, and the bearing branches at the lower layer account for about 2/3 of the total amount, so that the bearing branches are distributed in the crown in a large number at the lower layer and in a small number at the upper layer, the crown is not empty and dense at the outside, and the ventilation and the light transmission are reasonable.
The main purpose of pruning the carya illinoensis in the sapling period is to culture main branches and main branches; the main principle of pruning the apocarya at the initial fruit stage is to continue to cultivate tree forms, expand tree crowns, reasonably arrange bone branches, cultivate fruiting branch groups and carry out proper fruiting; the pruning of the apocarya in the full bearing period is mainly based on multi-culture bearing branch groups.
Comparative example 1
The method for pruning the apocarya with the shape of a heart-opening includes the following steps: after planting, fixing the trunk, wherein the height of the fixed trunk is 1.2-1.5m, selecting and reserving 3-4 branches in the next year, and culturing no obvious main trunk branches. And (4) carrying out truncation on the branches to promote the growth of secondary branches. In the third year, the measures of pinching, topping and the like are mainly used for promoting the growth of bearing branches. The method can be used for entering the fruiting period earlier, but the yield is limited at the later period.
Comparative example 2
Except for pruning measures, the control tree is not pruned, and the same daily management is adopted as the pruning tree of the method.
Example 1 in comparison with comparative examples, the yields of apocarya under different pruning methods are shown in table 1, and it is clear that the average yield of apocarya in the full bearing age can be significantly improved by the method of the present application.
TABLE 1 comparison of Carya illinoensis yields under different pruning methods
| Processing method | Average yield (kg/plant) in full bearing age |
| Method of the invention | 15 |
| Open-heart type pruning method | 8 |
| Control tree without pruning | 3 |
Claims (3)
1. The pruning method for improving the yield of the apocarya is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) pruning in the sapling period: the spindly branches and the vigorous nutrition branches are retracted, and the dense branches are thinned; after the seedlings are planted, trunk is fixed at 1.2-1.5m, main trunk branches and main side branches are cultured as the main trunk branches in 1 year and 2 year after planting, an upright branch is selected and reserved as the main trunk branch, 3-4 main side branches are reserved and uniformly distributed in each direction, and 10-15 branch groups are cultured in 3 year; under the condition of not influencing the growth of the main lateral branches, the tree shape is adjusted by pinching and short-cutting, and the resultant branch groups are cultured by pinching with summer shears;
2) trimming at the initial fruit stage: removing branches with vigorous growth, crossed branches and overlapped branches to make the branches robust and uniformly distributed, developing the tree vigor, culturing 4-5 groups of fruiting branches, culturing tree forms according to the fruiting quantity, expanding tree crowns, and controlling the yield of each plant to be 2-4 kg;
3) and (3) pruning in full fruit period: rejuvenating the bone branches by utilizing branches and buds; retracting and thinning the nutrition branches and keeping the fruiting branches; thinning weak branches and non-fruiting branches in the fruiting branch group of 2-3 years, and promoting branching; pinching in spring or summer, and culturing to obtain fruiting branch group; if a new tip is extracted from the inner chamber, a space can be reserved, and the new tip is cultivated into a branch group by pinching in summer or cutting in autumn and winter; controlling the growth of the back branches of the vigorous growth; the fruit branches on the main branches and the side branches of each level are uniformly distributed and reasonably configured, the ratio of the fruit branches on the main branches and the side branches of each level is 1: 5, and the lower-layer fruit branches account for 2/3 of the total amount; keep the interior of the crown not empty, the outside not closely, it is reasonable to ventilate the printing opacity.
2. The pruning method for improving the yield of the apocarya as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the initial fruit period is 4-5 years after the nursery stock is fixed to be dry.
3. The pruning method for improving the yield of the apocarya as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the full bearing period is 8-10 years after the fixed-dryness period.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010893536.6A CN111937668A (en) | 2020-08-30 | 2020-08-30 | Pruning method for improving apocarya yield |
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| CN202010893536.6A CN111937668A (en) | 2020-08-30 | 2020-08-30 | Pruning method for improving apocarya yield |
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| CN111937668A true CN111937668A (en) | 2020-11-17 |
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| CN202010893536.6A Pending CN111937668A (en) | 2020-08-30 | 2020-08-30 | Pruning method for improving apocarya yield |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113273423A (en) * | 2021-04-28 | 2021-08-20 | 云南省林业和草原科学院 | Pruning method for thinning, crown-reducing and plump-promoting late-bearing walnuts |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108476845A (en) * | 2018-03-09 | 2018-09-04 | 江苏林丰绿化工程有限公司 | Apocarya tree crown directed cultivation method |
| CN109937784A (en) * | 2019-03-27 | 2019-06-28 | 南京林业大学 | A kind of apocarya high photosynthetic efficiency is tree-like and its breeding method |
| CN110012768A (en) * | 2019-04-03 | 2019-07-16 | 宜昌市林木种苗推广中心 | A kind of pruning method promoting thorax branch in walnut |
| CN110476691A (en) * | 2019-09-23 | 2019-11-22 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | A kind of apocarya spindle is tree-like and its shaping methods |
| CN111109000A (en) * | 2020-01-19 | 2020-05-08 | 铜陵郎冲竹木专业合作社 | Dwarfing and high-yield cultivation method of apocarya suitable for south of the Yangtze river |
-
2020
- 2020-08-30 CN CN202010893536.6A patent/CN111937668A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108476845A (en) * | 2018-03-09 | 2018-09-04 | 江苏林丰绿化工程有限公司 | Apocarya tree crown directed cultivation method |
| CN109937784A (en) * | 2019-03-27 | 2019-06-28 | 南京林业大学 | A kind of apocarya high photosynthetic efficiency is tree-like and its breeding method |
| CN110012768A (en) * | 2019-04-03 | 2019-07-16 | 宜昌市林木种苗推广中心 | A kind of pruning method promoting thorax branch in walnut |
| CN110476691A (en) * | 2019-09-23 | 2019-11-22 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | A kind of apocarya spindle is tree-like and its shaping methods |
| CN111109000A (en) * | 2020-01-19 | 2020-05-08 | 铜陵郎冲竹木专业合作社 | Dwarfing and high-yield cultivation method of apocarya suitable for south of the Yangtze river |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113273423A (en) * | 2021-04-28 | 2021-08-20 | 云南省林业和草原科学院 | Pruning method for thinning, crown-reducing and plump-promoting late-bearing walnuts |
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Application publication date: 20201117 |
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