CN110012768A - A kind of pruning method promoting thorax branch in walnut - Google Patents
A kind of pruning method promoting thorax branch in walnut Download PDFInfo
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- CN110012768A CN110012768A CN201910265010.0A CN201910265010A CN110012768A CN 110012768 A CN110012768 A CN 110012768A CN 201910265010 A CN201910265010 A CN 201910265010A CN 110012768 A CN110012768 A CN 110012768A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of pruning methods of thorax branch in promotion walnut, and plant for pruning is divided into annual treelet, biennial treelet, 3 years raw treelets, 4 years raw firstfruits trees, 5 years raw big trees of result above and perennial scattered tree according to the age of tree；According to the characteristic and training objective of bud, several trimming positions are determined on a complete branch；Trimming period cuts comprising the winter and/or the summer cuts；For annual treelet, dry doubling culture major branch and auxiliary branch are determined；For biennial treelet, expand tree crown；Treelet raw for 3 years, the cultivation results branch in coronary dilatation；For 4 years raw firstfruits trees, culture extended branch or fruit-bearing shoot cluster；For 5 years big trees of raw result above, culture and rejuvenating fruit-bearing shoot cluster；For perennial scattered tree, interior thorax fruit-bearing shoot cluster is cultivated；Setting fruit position covers interior thorax from periphery, and as a result volume is largely promoted, and solid is as a result, the double improve of output of the fruit tree.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to pruning methods, and in particular to a kind of pruning method for promoting thorax branch in walnut.
Background technique
Walnut is important ecological economy dual-purpose tree species, has obtained extensive plantation in China.However for walnut
Cultivate administration, especially have many disagreements in pruning problem, pruning is improper to frequently can lead to branch of Semen Juglandis
Group development disorder, the tall and big sky of formation is tree-like, moves outside setting fruit position, as a result volume reducing, forms low yield orchard.Therefore, research invention
A kind of pruning method promoting thorax hair branch in walnut, to promote the equilibrium assignment of walnut trunk infusion, thorax fruitful branch in culture
Group promotes to improve yield at flower.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiency in the presence of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of trimming sides of thorax branch in promotion walnut
Method, its object is to solve the not high technical problem of walnut nutrient distribution unevenness yield.
To achieve the above object, present invention employs the following technical solutions:
A kind of pruning method promoting thorax branch in walnut, includes following shearing procedure:
1. determining plant for pruning, trimming position and trimming period
Plant for pruning: plant for pruning is divided by annual treelet, biennial treelet, 3 years raw treelets, 4 years according to the age of tree
Raw firstfruits tree, 5 years raw big trees of result above and perennial scattered tree；
It trims position: according to the characteristic and training objective of bud, several trimming positions is determined on a complete branch；
Trimming period: the trimming period cuts comprising the winter and/or the summer cuts；
2. cut operation:
For annual treelet, dry doubling culture major branch and auxiliary branch are determined；
For biennial treelet, expand tree crown；
Treelet raw for 3 years, the cultivation results branch in coronary dilatation；
For 4 years raw firstfruits trees, culture extended branch or fruit-bearing shoot cluster；
For 5 years big trees of raw result above, culture and rejuvenating fruit-bearing shoot cluster；
For perennial scattered tree, interior thorax fruit-bearing shoot cluster is cultivated.
Further, the time that the summer cuts is annual May to June, and the time that the winter cuts is annual late October
To early November.
Further, the trimming position is divided into using branch base portion as starting point: the trimming position is with branch base portion
-- 0cm, platform are cut -- 1~2cm, three buds -- 3cm, five sections -- 5cm, not plump under the spring -- 6~15cm, spring is divided into: pruned off for starting point
It is full that -- 16~30cm, not plump during the spring -- 31~45cm, wearing dead cap -- the spring and autumn tip joins the 1/2 of position, wears cap living --, the spring and autumn tip joins
It is 1~2cm before position, not plump under the autumn -- 46~55cm, autumn are full -- 56~70cm, -- 70 or more, pinching -- the spring the tip not plump autumn on it is young tender
Point.
Further, shearing procedure 2. described in determine the specific practice of dry doubling culture major branch and auxiliary branch are as follows: for annual
Treelet, first heading height is 80cm, and after doing calmly, when 40~80cm Duan Junyou bud is sprouted into branch, being cultivated is level-one major branch,
Pinching is primary when every main shoot growth reaches 70cm, promotes the multiple branch of the spring tip, that is, second level major branch；Fixed dry rear sapling and stock
As auxiliary support branch culture, length is controlled in 40cm the young sprout of Duan Mengfa, when the winter cuts to every branch at the full bud of its autumn growth under
It cuts, stays bud of satisfying under arm, promote tree crown expansion.
Further, shearing procedure 2. described in expand tree crown specific practice are as follows: for the level-one in biennial treelet
The spring tip i.e. two that sprout on major branch, three-level major branch, pinching is primary when second level major branch grows into 60cm, grows into three-level major branch
Pinching is primary when 45cm, promotes multiple branch to every spring tip pinching, cultivates three-level major branch or bearing basal shoot, forms fruit-bearing shoot cluster,
The autumn growth sprouted after pinching is allowed to grow；Longitudinal surging head is controlled when winter cuts, to peripheral branch select full outer bud of full autumn or
It is cut under at lateral bud, expands rapidly tree crown in the coming year using the arm undershoot and side shoot that grow powerful；Not plump band under autumn is selected to internal branch
Head weakens branch, forms fruit-bearing shoot cluster.
Further, shearing procedure 2. described in coronary dilatation cultivation results branch specific practice are as follows: 3 years raw treelets with
Based on coronary dilatation, the formation of fruit-bearing shoot cluster is taken into account, for the poppyhead bud brachyplast not pinching within 30cm in spring management, it is allowed to tie
Fruit downgrades tree crown in shaping as a result, culture compact is tree-like, and convenient for management, other branches are both needed to pinching once and retain 30
~50cm and 6~8 compound leaf；Winter will pay close attention to tree vigo(u)r balance when cutting, the weak bud of enriching shoot is taken the lead, and the weak strong bud of branch is taken the lead, and long shoot returns
Contracting side shoot is taken the lead, and apical dominance is controlled, and cultivates interior thorax tubbiness fruit-bearing shoot cluster.
Further, shearing procedure 2. described in culture extend the specific practice of branch or fruit-bearing shoot cluster are as follows: to four Nian Shengchu
Bearing-age tree spring mainly utilizes spring tip bud as a result, to shedding, the self-closing spring tip not pinching when trimming, remaining spring tip pinching is simultaneously protected
30~50cm and 6~8 compound leaf is stayed, surging head will be controlled for top when the winter cuts, spring tip bud will be retained, with lace
Head will retain interior thorax bearing basal shoot as far as possible, carry out three buds or five sections of trimmings depending on its gesture and growing space, promote its coming year
Branch is sprouted, fruit-bearing shoot cluster is formed；Branch gesture and space are regarded to peripheral autumn growth, not plump trimming under selecting the autumn full or the autumn, culture extends branch
Or fruit-bearing shoot cluster.
Further, shearing procedure 2. described in culture and rejuvenating fruit-bearing shoot cluster specific practice are as follows: to five Nian Sheng
Weak lower strong control strategy is taken in the tree vigo(u)r control of the big tree of result above, i.e. the high control of tree is in 3.5m, to the strong of 3m or more
Gesture tree head carries out returning contracting, and top stays the weak bud of weak branch based on side shoot to take the lead, and the bearing basal shoot of >=70cm carries out retraction update,
Culture and rejuvenating fruit-bearing shoot cluster.
Further, shearing procedure 2. described in cultivate in thorax fruit-bearing shoot cluster specific practice are as follows: to perennial scattered tree
Surging head is controlled when winter pruning, and high control will be set in 3.5m by 1~3 year heavily retractive pruning, reduce surging head, advantage
Branch, is taken the lead with the weak bud of weak branch, is promoted interior thorax kryptoblast to sprout into branch, is rapidly changed tree-like；The a part sprouted for treetop end is new
Branch, it is necessary to remove beta pruning item in time, lower part is promoted to send out branch, with thorax fruitful branch within 30cm, based on short internal branch, cultivating
Group；For sprouting evil around coarse clip or saw kerf, it is necessary to prune off in time, lower part is promoted to send out branch, cultivate the result within 30cm
Branch group.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. keeping tree high in 3.5m or so, 33 plants/acre of planting density, field management is convenient, avoids conventional management models
The too high bring trimming of tree, laxative, fruit picking is inconvenient and falling from high altitude is dangerous.
2. setting fruit position covers interior thorax from periphery, as a result volume is largely promoted, three-dimensional as a result, output of the fruit tree is double mentions
It is high.
3. using the sturdy golden mean of the Confucian school brachyplast of the spring tip as a result, nutritional sufficiency, walnut Yi Chenghua, easily bears fruit, kernel is full；Together
When, since a large amount of branches and leaves block, the evil of burning day of walnut Chinese olive is avoided, ensure that walnut has from Chinese olive to dry fruit and compare
Uniform beautiful appearance.
4. using walnut tree vigo(u)r as axis, directly by time of the year when autumn changes into winter pruning to realization branch spending angle and growth side
To be precisely controlled, adjust tree vigo(u)r, that is, trunk infusion equilibrium assignment, promoted walnut bud differentiation quality.Change tradition
Branch is drawn in trimming, band girdle, girdling, carves many kinds of measures such as bud to artificial and technology high request, and scissors is walked all over the world with one, is reached
The target that walnut management saves labor.
5. the reasonable distribution of nutrition, the mass propgation of golden mean of the Confucian school branch, whole branch increased quality, tree vigo(u)r is strong, tree body resistance
Enhancing, fruit retention effect are good.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that walnut branch of the present invention trims position schematic diagram:
In figure: prune off 1, platform cut under 3, five section 4 of 2, three bud, spring not plump 5, spring it is full 6, during the spring not plump 7, wear dead cap 8, wear cap 9 living, autumn
Under not plump 10, the autumn is full 11, not plump 12, pinching 13 on the autumn.
Specific embodiment
The technical solution in the present invention is further illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
The invention proposes a kind of pruning methods of thorax branch in promotion walnut, include following shearing procedure:
1. determining plant for pruning, trimming and trimming period
Plant for pruning: plant for pruning is divided by annual treelet, biennial treelet, 3 years raw treelets, 4 years according to the age of tree
Raw firstfruits tree, 5 years raw big trees of result above and perennial scattered tree；
It trims position: according to the characteristic and training objective of bud, several trimming positions is determined on a complete branch；
Trimming period: the trimming period cuts comprising the winter and/or the summer cuts；
2. cut operation
For annual treelet, dry doubling culture major branch and auxiliary branch are determined；
For biennial treelet, expand tree crown；
Treelet raw for 3 years, the cultivation results branch in coronary dilatation；
For 4 years raw firstfruits trees, culture extended branch or fruit-bearing shoot cluster；
For 5 years big trees of raw result above, culture and rejuvenating fruit-bearing shoot cluster；
For perennial scattered tree, interior thorax fruit-bearing shoot cluster is cultivated.
The time that the summer cuts is annual May to June, at this time exactly period for mushrooming out of walnut new life branch,
New-tip length is controlled, promotes branch, reduces unnecessary nutrient consumption, is to cut rear further balance tree vigo(u)r balanced nutritious weight the winter
It supplements；Summer cuts based on pinching 13, and the tree for returning contracting is cut for the winter, and to spring, clip or kerf can sprout many branches
The tip, it is necessary to erase, preferably erase in time in tender shoots in time, consolidate the effect of retraction, pinching 13 is that walnut increases branch amount most
One of effective measures promote its hair 1~3, branch, in this way when newborn branch grows to timely pinching 13 when 40cm and 6~8 answers piece leaf
One single branch can be converted to a fruit-bearing shoot cluster, it should be noted that the stop over tip, fruiting, shedding do not have to pinching
13, one spring tip of tree as a result only plucks a heart, even if the branch of 13 rear side bud of pinching germinating is grown again, can not pinching 13 again,
Otherwise it will promote spring tip nutrient is excessive cannot first let go unchecked at flower, fruit platform sublateral shoot, when temperature is stablized at 35 degree or more, that is, June
The last ten-days period, walnut Shoot growth slow down, and fruit platform sublateral shoot extra on fruitful branch is removed, take it is strong, go weak to stay the golden mean of the Confucian school, a knot
Fruit branch stays a fruit platform sublateral shoot.The time that the winter cuts be annual late October to early November, the winter cut gimmick with cutting back,
Based on sparse branching, retraction, walnut bleeding is smaller at this time, if trimming too early, can wipe out a large amount of green blades, reduces photosynthetic work
With, be unfavorable for the absorption and utilization of autumn fertilizer, be unfavorable for the accumulation of trunk infusion substance and the recovery of tree vigo(u)r, influence next year at
Flower is beared fruit.The trimming of this stage is not in place, carries out spring complex shears before can not sprouting in late Febuary next year to early March, but trim
Intensity be not easy excessive, after trimming to walnut branch, 40cm can germinate young sprout, in addition to skeleton branch, walnut after clip
Pruning length general control, according to the difference of branch training objective, selects full bud, weak bud within 40cm, simultaneous selection bud
Direction is cut under the 2cm of bud top, by the selection to bud, the growth potential and the direction of growth of coming year branch is controlled, to reach walnut
Whole nutrient balance, for too long fruit-bearing shoot cluster, take multiple cutting back or prune off 1 front end branch way, allow it to shorten, and
Multiple deflecting further promotes trunk infusion to accumulate to branch rear portion, and interior thorax is promoted to send out branch, compared with general pruning method, warp
After excessive year trimming, walnut is not in apparent enriching shoot, bough, therefore without necessity of drawing branch.
It prunes 1 off as shown in Figure 1, described and is located at apart from branch base portion 0cm at, be mainly used for deadwood, sick branch, be overlapped branch, mistake
Vigorous branches removes, at the same be also used for top branch, top branch get rid of pigtail；2 are cut for described to be located at 1~2cm of branch base portion, it is main
When being used to trim before bud, slot milling protects the growth of bud；Three bud 3 is located at branch base portion 3cm, main to use
In the vigorous branches excessively for having growing space, branch force is strong, is taken the lead using three not plump buds or kryptoblast, weakens branch gesture, filling space；It is described
It is located at branch base portion 5cm for five section 4, is mainly used for the vigorous branches excessively for having growing space, branch force is strong, utilizes multiple not plump buds
Or kryptoblast is taken the lead, and branch gesture is weakened；Not plump 5 are located at 6~15cm of branch base portion under the spring, are mainly used for thin and delicate branch fruitful branch
The culture of group, shoot vegetative is limited, and bud culture quantity is accordingly reduced, and trimming position is at the not plump bud in spring tip lower part；The spring full 6
Positioned at 16~30cm of branch base portion, being mainly used for extending the culture of branch, is satisfied the powerful growth ability of 6 buds using the spring, taken out
Raw sturdy branch, expands tree crown or innovation shoot group, prepares for coming year cultivation results branch group, and trimming position is the full bud of the spring tip
Place；Described not plump during the spring 7 are located at 31~45cm of branch base portion, are mainly used for the culture of sturdy fruit-bearing shoot cluster, shoot vegetative
Abundance increase accordingly flower bud areloe quantity, increases fruiting amount, is pressed and is preced with fruit, and trimming position is at the not plump bud in spring tip top；It is described to wear
Dead cap 8 is located at the 1/2 of spring and autumn tip handover position, is mainly used for spring tip bud and takes the lead the branch trimming for being easy the pumping branch of excessive growth,
The trimming time is spring and summer intersection, is taken the lead using the not plump bud and kryptoblast of spring and summer intersection, and branch force is weakened, and promotes the rear portion spring tip
Flower_bud formation fruitful branch；It is described to wear cap 9 living and be located at before spring and autumn tip handover position at 1~2cm, it is mainly used for spring tip bud and takes the lead to hold
The branch trimming of the easy pumping branch of excessive growth, trimming position are the autumn growth part of spring and summer boundary blind area, utilize the not plump bud and kryptoblast of blind area
It takes the lead, weakens branch force, promote rear portion spring tip flower_bud formation fruitful branch；Under the autumn not plump 10 be located at apart from branch base portion 46~
At 55cm, it is mainly used for the culture of the thin and delicate branch fruit-bearing shoot cluster of spring tip poor quality, shoot vegetative is limited, bud culture quantity phase
It should reduce, trimming position is at the not plump bud in autumn growth lower part；The autumn full 11 is located at 56~70cm of branch base portion, is mainly used for
The culture of the extension branch of spring tip poor quality, is satisfied the powerful growth ability of bud using the autumn, the sturdy branch of pumping, expands tree crown or more
Shoot group is prepared for coming year cultivation results branch group, and trimming position is at the full bud of autumn growth；The autumn upper not plump 12 is located at apart from branch
Base portion 70cm or more is mainly used for the culture of the sturdy fruit-bearing shoot cluster of spring tip poor quality, and shoot vegetative is sufficient, increase accordingly
Flower bud areloe quantity increases fruiting amount, is pressed and is preced with fruit, and trimming position is at the not plump bud in autumn growth top；The pinching 13 is located at the spring tip
The tender point of children, the timely pinching 13 when newborn branch grows to 6-8 piece leaf promotees its and sends out branch, and a single branch can be converted to one
A fruit-bearing shoot cluster.Using walnut tree vigo(u)r as axis, directly by time of the year when autumn changes into winter pruning to realization branch spending angle and growth
Direction is precisely controlled, and adjusts tree vigo(u)r, that is, trunk infusion equilibrium assignment, promotes the quality of walnut bud differentiation.Change biography
Branch is drawn in system trimming, band girdle, girdling, carves many kinds of measures such as bud to artificial and technology high request, and scissors is walked all over the world with one, is reached
The target to save labor to walnut management.
For annual treelet, first heading height is 80cm, after doing calmly, until 40~80cm Duan Junyou bud is sprouted into branch
When, being cultivated is level-one major branch, and pinching 13 is primary when every main shoot growth reaches 70cm, and promoting the multiple branch of the spring tip is two
Grade major branch；As auxiliary support branch culture, length is controlled in 40cm, to every when the winter cuts the young sprout that fixed dry rear sapling and stock section are sprouted
Branch at the full bud of its autumn growth under cut, stay bud of satisfying under arm, promote tree crown expansion.
For sprouted on the level-one major branch of biennial treelet the spring tip i.e. two, three-level major branch, until second level major branch grow
Pinching 13 is primary when to 60cm, and until three-level major branch grows into 45cm, pinching 13 is primary, promotes every spring tip pinching 13 more
Branch is sent out, three-level major branch or bearing basal shoot are cultivated, forms fruit-bearing shoot cluster, the autumn growth sprouted after pinching 13 is allowed to grow；Winter cuts time control
The longitudinal surging head of system selects to cut under at the outer bud or lateral bud in full autumn full 11, utilizes the powerful arm undershoot of growth to peripheral branch
Tree crown is expanded rapidly in the coming year with side shoot；It is taken the lead under the internal branch selection autumn not plump 10, weakens branch, form fruit-bearing shoot cluster.
3 years raw treelets take into account the formation of fruit-bearing shoot cluster based on coronary dilatation, for the poppyhead within 30cm in spring management
Bud brachyplast not pinching 13 allows as a result, dwarfing tree crown is convenient for management, Qi Tazhi in shaping as a result, culture compact is tree-like
Item is both needed to pinching 13 once and retains 30~50cm and 6~8 compound leaf；Winter will pay close attention to tree vigo(u)r balance, enriching shoot weak bud when cutting
It takes the lead, the weak strong bud of branch is taken the lead, and long shoot retraction side shoot is taken the lead, and apical dominance is controlled, and cultivates interior thorax tubbiness fruit-bearing shoot cluster.
Mainly using spring tip bud as a result, not plucked to shedding, the self-closing spring tip when to the trimming of 4 years raw firstfruits tree spring
The heart 13, remaining spring tip pinching 13 simultaneously retain 30~50cm and 6~8 compound leaf, to control surging head for top when the winter prunes,
Spring tip bud will be retained, with lace head, interior thorax bearing basal shoot will be retained as far as possible, carried out depending on its gesture and growing space
Three buds 3 or five section of 4 trimming, promote its coming year to sprout branch, form fruit-bearing shoot cluster；Branch gesture and space, selection are regarded to peripheral autumn growth
Not plump 10 trimming, culture extend branch or fruit-bearing shoot cluster under autumn full 11 or autumn；Using the sturdy golden mean of the Confucian school brachyplast of the spring tip as a result, nutrition is filled
Foot, walnut Yi Chenghua, easily bears fruit, kernel is full；Simultaneously as a large amount of branches and leaves block, the day for avoiding walnut Chinese olive burns
Injury, ensure that walnut has from Chinese olive to dry fruit than more uniform beautiful appearance.
Upper weak lower strong control strategy is taken to the tree vigo(u)r control of 5 years big trees of raw result above, i.e. the high control of tree is in 3.5m
It is interior, the surging tree head of 3m or more is carried out returning contracting, top stays the weak bud of weak branch based on side shoot to take the lead, and the result of >=70cm is female
Branch carries out retraction update, inhibits the longitudinal growth of walnut, promotes walnut cross growth, culture and rejuvenating fruitful branch
Group.Setting fruit position covers interior thorax from periphery, and as a result volume is largely promoted, and solid is as a result, the double improve of output of the fruit tree.
Surging head is controlled when to perennial scattered tree winter pruning, and high control will be set by 1~3 year heavily retractive pruning and existed
3.5m reduces surging head, surging branch, is taken the lead with the weak bud of weak branch, promotes interior thorax kryptoblast to sprout into branch, rapidly change tree-like；For
A part of shoot that treetop end is sprouted, it is necessary to remove beta pruning item in time, lower part promoted to send out branch, within 30cm, short interior thorax
Based on branch, interior thorax fruit-bearing shoot cluster is cultivated；For sprouting evil around coarse clip or saw kerf, it is necessary to prune off in time, promote lower part hair
Branch cultivates the fruit-bearing shoot cluster within 30cm.Control reaches on periphery, tree with the nutrient distribution under tree with underground, interior thorax on the ground
Equilibrium because gesture shapes, keeps tree high in 3.5m or so, 33 plants/acre of planting density, field management is convenient, avoids because tree shapes
The too high bring trimming of conventional management models tree, laxative, fruit picking is inconvenient and falling from high altitude is dangerous.
Finally, it is stated that the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical scheme of the present invention and are not limiting, although referring to compared with
Good embodiment describes the invention in detail, those skilled in the art should understand that, it can be to skill of the invention
Art scheme is modified or replaced equivalently, and without departing from the objective and range of technical solution of the present invention, should all be covered at this
In the scope of the claims of invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of pruning method for promoting thorax branch in walnut, which is characterized in that include following shearing procedure:
1. determining plant for pruning, trimming position and trimming period
Plant for pruning: plant for pruning is divided by annual treelet, biennial treelet, 3 years raw treelets, four Nian Shengchu according to the age of tree
Bearing-age tree, 5 years raw big trees of result above and perennial scattered tree；
It trims position: according to the characteristic and training objective of bud, several trimming positions is determined on a complete branch；
Trimming period: the trimming period cuts comprising the winter and/or the summer cuts；
2. cut operation:
For annual treelet, dry doubling culture major branch and auxiliary branch are determined；
For biennial treelet, expand tree crown；
Treelet raw for 3 years, the cultivation results branch in coronary dilatation；
For 4 years raw firstfruits trees, culture extended branch or fruit-bearing shoot cluster；
For 5 years big trees of raw result above, culture and rejuvenating fruit-bearing shoot cluster；
For perennial scattered tree, interior thorax fruit-bearing shoot cluster is cultivated.
2. a kind of pruning method for promoting thorax branch in walnut as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: what the summer cut
Time is annual May to June, and the time that the winter cuts is annual late October to early November.
3. a kind of pruning method for promoting thorax branch in walnut as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the trimming portion
Position is divided into using branch base portion as starting point: being pruned off -- 0cm, platform are cut -- 1~2cm, three buds -- 3cm, five sections -- 5cm, under the spring
It is not plump that -- 6~15cm, spring are full, and -- 16~30cm, -- 31~45cm, wearing dead cap -- the spring and autumn tip not plump during the spring join the 1/2 of position, wear work
Cap -- 1~2cm, not plump under the autumn before spring and autumn tip handover position -- 46~55cm, autumn are full -- 56~70cm, not plump on the autumn -- 70 or more, is plucked
The tender point of children of the heart -- the spring tip.
4. a kind of pruning method for promoting thorax branch in walnut as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that: shearing procedure is 2.
Described in determine the specific practice of dry doubling culture major branch and auxiliary branch are as follows: for annual treelet, first heading height is 80cm, fixed dry
Afterwards, when 40~80cm Duan Junyou bud is sprouted into branch, being cultivated is level-one major branch, when every main shoot growth reaches 70cm
Pinching is primary, promotes the multiple branch of the spring tip, that is, second level major branch；The young sprout that sapling and stock section are sprouted after fixed dry as auxiliary support branch culture,
Length is controlled in 40cm, when the winter cuts to every branch at the full bud of its autumn growth under cut, stay bud of satisfying under arm, promote tree crown expansion.
5. a kind of pruning method for promoting thorax branch in walnut as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that: shearing procedure is 2.
Described in expand tree crown specific practice are as follows: for the spring tip i.e. two, the three-level master sprouted on the level-one major branch of biennial treelet
Branch, pinching is primary when second level major branch grows into 60cm, and pinching is primary when three-level major branch grows into 45cm, plucks to the every spring tip
The heart promotes multiple branch, cultivates three-level major branch or bearing basal shoot, forms fruit-bearing shoot cluster, and the autumn growth sprouted after pinching is allowed to grow；Winter
Longitudinal surging head is controlled when cutting, and peripheral branch is selected to cut under at full outer bud or lateral bud of full autumn, the arm for utilizing growth powerful
Undershoot and side shoot expand rapidly tree crown in the coming year；It is taken the lead to not plump under the internal branch selection autumn, weakens branch, form fruit-bearing shoot cluster.
6. a kind of pruning method for promoting thorax branch in walnut as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that: shearing procedure is 2.
Described in coronary dilatation cultivation results branch specific practice are as follows: 3 years raw treelets take into account the formation of fruit-bearing shoot cluster based on coronary dilatation,
For the poppyhead bud brachyplast not pinching within 30cm in spring management, allow as a result, in shaping as a result, culture compact tree
Shape downgrades tree crown, and convenient for management, other branches are both needed to pinching once and retain 30~50cm and 6~8 compound leaf；It is wanted when winter cuts
Tree vigo(u)r balance is paid close attention to, the weak bud of enriching shoot is taken the lead, and the weak strong bud of branch is taken the lead, and long shoot retraction side shoot is taken the lead, and controls apical dominance, culture
Interior thorax tubbiness fruit-bearing shoot cluster.
7. a kind of pruning method for promoting thorax branch in walnut as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that: shearing procedure is 2.
Described in culture extend the specific practice of branch or fruit-bearing shoot cluster are as follows: mainly utilize the spring tip when to the trimming of 4 years raw firstfruits tree spring
Bud is as a result, to shedding, the self-closing spring tip not pinching, remaining spring tip pinching simultaneously retains 30~50cm and 6~8 compound leaf, and the winter cuts
When surging head will be controlled for top, spring tip bud will be retained, with lace head, interior thorax bearing basal shoot will be protected as far as possible
It stays, carries out three buds or five sections of trimmings depending on its gesture and growing space, promote its coming year to sprout branch, form fruit-bearing shoot cluster；Externally
Autumn growth view branch gesture and space are enclosed, not plump trimming under selecting the autumn full or the autumn, culture extends branch or fruit-bearing shoot cluster.
8. a kind of pruning method for promoting thorax branch in walnut as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that: shearing procedure is 2.
Described in culture and rejuvenating fruit-bearing shoot cluster specific practice are as follows: the tree vigo(u)r of 5 years big trees of raw result above is controlled and is taken
The high control of weak lower strong control strategy, i.e. tree carries out returning contracting, top is stayed with side shoot in 3.5m to the surging tree head of 3m or more
Based on the weak bud of weak branch take the lead, the bearing basal shoot of >=70cm carries out retraction update, culture and rejuvenating fruit-bearing shoot cluster.
9. a kind of pruning method for promoting thorax branch in walnut as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that: shearing procedure is 2.
Described in cultivate in thorax fruit-bearing shoot cluster specific practice are as follows: surging head is controlled when to perennial scattered tree winter pruning, by 1~
3 years heavily retractive prunings will set height control in 3.5m, reduce surging head, surging branch, be taken the lead with the weak bud of weak branch, thorax kryptoblast in promotion
Branch is sprouted into, is rapidly changed tree-like；A part of shoot sprouted for treetop end, it is necessary to remove beta pruning item in time, promote lower part
Branch is sent out, with thorax fruit-bearing shoot cluster within 30cm, based on short internal branch, cultivating；For sprouting around coarse clip or saw kerf
Evil, it is necessary to prune off in time, lower part is promoted to send out branch, cultivate the fruit-bearing shoot cluster within 30cm.
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| CN114051881A (en) * | 2021-10-20 | 2022-02-18 | 河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所 | Method for shaping narrow-crown low-stem walnut saplings |
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