CN105493915B - Elongated pinecone shape apple is tree-like and its pruning method - Google Patents

Elongated pinecone shape apple is tree-like and its pruning method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105493915B
CN105493915B CN201510857554.8A CN201510857554A CN105493915B CN 105493915 B CN105493915 B CN 105493915B CN 201510857554 A CN201510857554 A CN 201510857554A CN 105493915 B CN105493915 B CN 105493915B
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branch
tree
bud
major branch
major
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CN105493915A (en
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李显玉
李锴
张凤阁
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Chifeng Institute Of Forestry Sciences
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Chifeng Institute Of Forestry Sciences
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00—Botany in general
    • A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of elongated pinecone shape apple is tree-like and its pruning method.The tree-like tree-like entirety is in elongated pinecone shape, closes on the high 3.5~4.5m of trees in richful production period, major branch number 25~30；High 2.8~3m is set after falling head, high 1.0~the 1.5m of trunk, major branch number 18~22,110 °~130 ° of major branch spreading angle, tree crown top major branch 50~70cm of length, tree crown lower part 110~130cm of major branch length, 10~20cm of major branch spacing, major branch surrounds trunk helical arrangement, and limb ratio is 1: 3~6, and branch group is 1: 5~7 with major branch ratio.Tree-like up-small and down-big, the neat specification, trunk is strong, wind resistance is strong, ventilation and penetrating light, suitable dense planting, is a kind of high yield, stable yields, high-quality, efficiently tree-like；Its pruning method meets tree body skeleton by tailing off more, trimming by numerous developing direction for becoming letter, and trimming is brief, is easily mastered, and is conducive to the popularization in wide row dense planting apple orchard.

Description

Elongated pinecone shape apple is tree-like and its pruning method
Technical field
The invention belongs to the pruning technique field of apple tree, especially a kind of elongated pinecone shape apple is tree-like and its repaiies Shear method.
Background technology
The pruning of apple tree be culture high yield, stable yields it is tree-like, adjust growth and result relation an important measures. Its main function is：Tree body skeleton is put up, improves ventilation and penetrating light condition, the efficiency of light energy utilization, cultivation results branch and branch group is improved, promotees Into result；The relation of relative equilibrium between growth and result is established, alleviates the contradiction between aging and renewal；So as to reach raising Yield per unit area, the purpose for improving fruit quality, increasing economic benefit.
At present, the orchard of wide row dense planting is Production trend and the direction of Apple development, is the weight of modern apple industry Indicate.The high yield promoted in recent years it is tree-like it is main dredge a layer shape, spindle, pinecone shape including coronule, these it is tree-like all there is Technical difficulty is high, and shaping is time consuming, and trunk is not strong, is not suitable for dense planting, the shortcomings of high and stable yield is bad.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of elongated pinecone shape apple is tree-like and its pruning method, this it is tree-like it is it is small under Greatly, neat specification, trunk are strong, wind resistance is strong, ventilation and penetrating light, suitable dense planting, are a kind of high yield, stable yields, high-quality, efficient tree Shape；Its pruning method meets tree body skeleton by tailing off more, trimming by numerous developing direction for becoming letter, and trimming is brief, is easily mastered, and has Promoted beneficial to the apple orchard of wide row dense planting.
The present invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions：
A kind of elongated pinecone shape apple is tree-like, and tree-like entirety is in elongated pinecone shape, closes on the high 3.5~4.5m of trees in richful production period, Major branch number 25~30；High 2.8~3m, the high 1.0~1.5m of trunk, major branch number 18~22, major branch spreading angle are set after falling head 110 °~130 °, tree crown top major branch 50~70cm of length, tree crown lower part major branch 110~130cm of length, major branch spacing 10~ 20cm, major branch surround trunk helical arrangement, and limb ratio is 1: 3~6, and branch group is 1: 5~7 with major branch ratio.
Further, 115 °~125 ° of major branch spreading angle, tree crown lower part major branch 115~125cm of length, tree crown top major branch 55~65cm of length, major branch 12~18cm of spacing, major branch surround trunk helical arrangement, and limb ratio is 1: 4~5, branch group and master Branch is than being 1: 5.5~6.5.
A kind of tree-like pruning method of elongated pinecone shape apple, apple sapling is colonized by seeding row spacing 2~3m × 4~5m Afterwards, its tree-like trimming comprises the following steps：
1) First Year is trimmed
1. do surely
Height of seedling is done surely in 100~120cm at the full buds of 85~95cm, height of seedling in 120~150cm, 105~ It is fixed dry at 115cm；After fixed dry at away from ground 65~75cm trunks every a bud carve a bud, the 4th bud under carving to clip, promotees Send out 3~5 branches；Start branch label when long branch is to 18~22cm, 90 ° of the strong angle of release of shoot growth gesture, shoot growth gesture is slightly slow Strong 70 ° of angle of release；When long branch is to 48~52cm, start 120 ° of branch angle；
It is 2. indefinite dry
When the sprouting that nursery stock sprouts is grown to 0.8~1.2cm, stay the strong tender shoots center of doing in a upper end to do extension branch, erase Rudiment within the 10cm of the bud lower end, promotes lower part to sprout golden mean of the Confucian school stalwartness branch；Sprouting as nursery stock sprouts is grown to 0.8~1.2cm Shi Wei erases rudiment within the 10cm of the bud lower end, when young sprout length is to 4.5~5.5cm, selects the most strong young sprout center of doing in a upper end to do Extend branch, be thinning out competitive branch；
3. bud picking
Erase early all rudiments 2~3 times in ground to 65~75cm trunks, and the overstocked rudiment in trunk top of erasing；
2) second year is trimmed
1. the processing of annual side shoot
According to target tree-like culture major branch, as branch gesture is balanced, i.e., center done more than 3, limb ratio be less than 1: 3 and orientation Preferable side shoot, then angle of release draws branch directly to cultivate major branch, while removes overstocked branch, as branch gesture is unbalanced whole from base portion by side shoot Remove, on the position of culture major branch consolidant can also be smeared to the extremely heavy cutting back of the side shoot, clip in time；
2. the processing for extending branch is done at center
Winter cuts：Center, which is done, extends the relatively strong light cutting back of Zhiru growing way or not cutting back；It is weaker at it that extension Zhiru growing way is done at center More than base portion full bud top cutting back at 45~50cm, and do extension branch base portion 10cm from center and up carve bud, carve one every 3 buds Bud；
Summer cuts：Mid-August, pinching is carried out to the extension branch young sprout not bound；
3. the processing of competitive branch
In late May to early June, when competing young sprout length to 10~15cm, extremely heavy cutting back is carried out, i.e., in base portion lotus throne Cutting back at 1cm more than leaf is stayed, bud can be formed then and grow golden mean of the Confucian school branch；
4. the processing of major branch
Summer cuts：The branch sprouted again is done to polishing rear center, it is according to target tree-like to select and remain major branch, when major branch length to 18~ Branch label are carried out during 22cm, start to draw branch, 120 ° of angle when length is to 48~52cm；Mid-August carries out the major branch young sprout not bound Pinching；
Autumn draws branch：Early August starts to carry out major branch in drawing branch, 120 ° of angle；
3) trim within the 3rd year
1. the processing for extending branch is done at center
Center, which is done, extends the relatively strong light cutting back of Zhiru growing way or not cutting back, such as the weaker bud top full at 45~50cm of growing way Cutting back, and carry out quarter bud, deflorate；
2. the processing of major branch
(1) continue to cultivate major branch, removed thick overstocked branch；
(2) the sagging fluffy fruitful branch of target culture of 8~12 every meter, the adjacent fruitful branch spacing of homonymy are pressed on major branch 18~22cm, removes and does the branch within 20cm away from center on major branch, and starts to carve bud, can also smear branching promoter for plant, promote lateral bud Sprout；
(3) processing of major branch back branch, as both sides are removed without culture space from base portion, as both sides have culture space to carry out base Portion's girdling, by branch or draw the sagging fruitful branch of branch culture；
(4) on major branch strong prosperous extension branch it is long to 30~40cm when, cut the tender tip of 8~12cm of front end, rear portion can sprout 2 ~4 small brachyplasts, cutting back is extremely weighed when small brachyplast is grown to 8~12cm again again, then can be into flower.
Further, the tree-like pruning method of the elongated pinecone shape apple of the present invention comprises the following steps：
4) trim within the 4th to six year
1. center is done and the processing of major branch
Tree height is up to 2.8~3.5m at this time, and major branch has reached 15~22,10~20cm of adjacent major branch spacing；, to center The according to target tree-like requirement of dry extension branch and major branch carries out light cutting back or not cutting back；
2. the processing of fruit-bearing shoot cluster
Done on major branch away from center and middle-size and small-size fruit-bearing shoot cluster cultivated beyond 20cm, fruit-bearing shoot cluster growing point control 20 with Under, length is controlled in below 50cm, branch level below 4 grades of branches, the branch of lower part major branch fruit-bearing shoot cluster apart from ground 30cm with On；Fruit-bearing shoot cluster every meter of distributed quantity 8~12 on major branch, front portion account for 33~38%, and middle part accounts for 45~50%, and rear portion accounts for 14 ~20%；For the stronger fruit-bearing shoot cluster of growing way, the first older put is not cut, and second year carries out cutting back to extending branch；For growing way Weaker fruit-bearing shoot cluster, gets rid of to put and does not cut for years, gives free rein to grow, facilitates brachyplast to yield positive results.
Further, the tree-like pruning method of the elongated pinecone shape apple of the present invention comprises the following steps：
5) developmental branch is trimmed
1. roll over branch
Mid-July carries out folding branch to the developmental branch on skeleton branch, i.e., is rolled over downwards at branch base portion 5cm, fracture branch The 1/2 to 2/3 of bar, makes branch angle hang down into 120~130 °, changes shoot growth direction, hinders its nutrition to transport downwards, product Tired nutrition promotes flower_bud formation；
2. cutting back in spray, promotes rear portion into flower
Mid-July, to cutting back in branch progress, cuts spray to the developmental branch for giving over to fruitful branch when branch grows to 40cm 1/3, press down before promote after, make clip rear portion bud have grace time accumulate nutrition, 1~2 bud can be formed at clip rear portion then；
3. spray top is broken before, back heavy carves bud
Spring to the biennial strong prosperous developmental branch of more than 50cm, when branch terminal bud grows to 3~5cm, gets rid of terminal bud, and right Rear portion bud carries out quarter bud, makes whole branch healthy and strong by the strong prosperous golden mean of the Confucian school that changes into, inspires brachyplast, delay gesture into flower；
4. cut dense point
Extending branch front end concentrates dense multiple leaf buds to be commonly called as dense point, and weak branch is before sap flowing, enriching shoot sap stream Dense point is cut after dynamic, makes extension branch normal growth, uniaxial extension, expands tree crown.
Further, the tree-like pruning method of the elongated pinecone shape apple of the present invention comprises the following steps：
6) best fruiting period trims
The best fruiting period mainly controls tree crown, improves illumination condition, stablizes tree vigo(u)r, intense adjustment fruit-bearing shoot cluster, ensures orchard In-group's light；With the growth of the age of tree, remove the bough that diameter on trunk exceedes 2.5cm in due course, accomplish " it is upper it is dilute under it is close, outer It is dilute it is interior it is close, the dilute sprig of bough is close ".
Compared with prior art, the present invention has technique effect beneficial below：
1st, elongated pinecone shape apple disclosed by the invention it is tree-like be one kind especially suitable for northern cold nonirrigated farmland area Qiao anvil wide row Orchard it is new tree-like, whole tree is in elongated pinecone shape state；Major branch does spiral distribution along center, and top major branch is short, under Portion's major branch length, illumination is full and uniform, and the efficiency of light energy utilization is high, and the center of can guarantee that, which is done, sees sunlight, and illumination condition is good in tree crown；Fruit Fruit sees light, and fruit size is consistent, fruit quality is consistent, and high quality fruit rate is high.
2nd, the tree-like 1~1.5m of trunk of elongated pinecone shape apple, trunk is higher, improve on the major branch of lower part fruitful branch away from Height from the ground, avoids pollution of the apple by ground sputtering soil, reduces the harm of apple infection germ, improve apple matter Amount；Major branch quantity can reach 18~22 after falling head, and lower part major branch 110~130cm of length, hat width is big, improves single plant fruit Light-receiving area is set, improves fruit tree single plant yield.
3rd, since trunk is higher, the major branch spreading angle that is averaged can reach 120 °, and especially lower part major branch is averagely opened a business Angle can also reach 120 °, be conducive to cultivate sagging loose elongate fruitful branch, be conducive to high and stable yield year after year, fruit shape end Just.
4th, the tree-like pruning method of elongated pinecone shape apple provided by the invention is simple, and orchard worker is easily mastered, for the ease of Orchard worker grasps the tree-like pruning method of elongated pinecone shape apple, and the present invention has also write elongated pinecone shape shaping pithy formula：
Three meters of bottoms 80 of tower height, Spiral distribution 18.
Thick five or seven times of the ratio of branch level, it is unsuitable late to surpass three thin contractings.
20 label 50 are drawn, major branch angle of release one by one eight.
Adjacent two three or five cun of master, one ruler eight of major branch in the same direction.
Every meter of branch group ten, with one big Handspan of side shoot group.
Above-mentioned pithy formula is explained as follows：
(1) three meters of bottoms 80 of tower height (for the high control of trees in richful production period within 3m, the first major branch is away from ground at least 0.8m)；(2) Spiral distribution 18 (does more than 18 major branches of Spiral distribution in center)；(3) branch level slightly than five or seven times (fruit-bearing shoot cluster, major branch, Rugosity ratios at different levels are done as 1: 5~7 in center)；(4) surpass three to dredge contracting unsuitable late (fruit-bearing shoot cluster, major branch, center are done rugosity at different levels and compared greatly In 1: 3, remove or bounce back in time)；(5) two ten label 50 draw that (branch label, long extremely during major branch length that center is done to 20cm or so 50cm or so Shi Lazhi)；(6) major branch angle of release eight (120 ° or so of major branch branch angle) one by one；(7) three or five cun of (phases of adjacent two master Two 10~15cm of major branch spacing of neighbour)；(8) one ruler eight (equidirectional overlapping two major branches spacing 60cm or so) of major branch in the same direction；(9) every meter Branch group ten (on major branch every meter raw 10 or so fruit-bearing shoot clusters)；(10) with one big Handspan of side shoot group, (homonymy is adjacent on major branch Two fruit-bearing shoot cluster spacing 20cm or so).
5th, elongated pinecone shape apple of the invention is tree-like, 3 years it is just a small amount of as a result, per mu yield in the 4th year can reach 800 kilograms with On, the best fruiting period was can reach in 7,8 years, yield can reach 2500~3,000,000 grams/acre.Since this tree-like each apple can be subject to Sunlight, fruit quality is good, and general full red fruit rate tree-like is higher by more than 20% than other.
Embodiment
Specific description is done in the tree-like and trimming to the present invention separately below.
A kind of elongated pinecone shape apple is tree-like, and tree-like entirety is in elongated pinecone shape, closes on the high 3.5~4.5m of trees in richful production period, Major branch number 25~30, high 2.8~3m, 1.0~1.3m of trunk, major branch number 18~22, major branch spreading angle are set after falling head 115 °~125 °, tree crown lower part major branch 115~125cm of length, tree crown top major branch 55~65cm of length, major branch spacing 12~ 18cm, major branch surround trunk helical arrangement, and limb ratio is 1: 4~5, and branch group is 1: 5.5~6.5 with major branch ratio.
Elongated pinecone shape and high slender spindle-shaped apple be tree-like be it is closer as tree structure, China's patent document CN101755655B discloses that a kind of high slender spindle-shaped apple is tree-like and its pruning method, for the form of contrast The difference tree-like with high slender spindle-shaped apple of the bright elongated pinecone shape of the present invention is as shown in table 1.
The elongated pinecone shape of table 1 and the tree-like comparison of high slender spindle-shaped apple
The pruning method tree-like to the apple of the elongated pinecone shape of the present invention is described in detail below,
A kind of tree-like pruning method of elongated pinecone shape apple, after apple sapling is colonized by seeding row spacing 2.5m × 4m, its Tree-like trimming comprises the following steps：
1) First Year is trimmed
1. do surely
Height of seedling is done surely in 100~120cm at the full buds of 85~95cm, height of seedling in 120~150cm, 105~ It is fixed dry at 115cm；After fixed dry at away from ground 65~75cm trunks every a bud carve a bud, the 4th bud under carving to clip, promotees Send out 3~5 branches；Start branch label when long branch is to 18~22cm, 90 ° of the strong angle of release of shoot growth gesture, shoot growth gesture is slightly slow Strong 70 ° of angle of release；When long branch is to 48~52cm, start 120 ° of branch angle；
It is 2. indefinite dry
When the sprouting that nursery stock sprouts is grown to 0.8~1.2cm, stay the strong tender shoots center of doing in a upper end to do extension branch, erase Rudiment within the 10cm of the bud lower end, promotes lower part to sprout golden mean of the Confucian school stalwartness branch；Sprouting as nursery stock sprouts is grown to 0.8~1.2cm Shi Wei erases rudiment within the 10cm of the bud lower end, when young sprout length is to 4.5~5.5cm, selects the most strong young sprout center of doing in a upper end to do Extend branch, be thinning out competitive branch；
3. bud picking
Erase early all rudiments 2~3 times in ground to 65~75cm trunks, and the overstocked rudiment in trunk top of erasing；
2) second year is trimmed
1. the processing of annual side shoot
According to target tree-like culture major branch, as branch gesture is balanced, i.e., center has done more than 3, limb ratio is less than 1: 3, orientation Preferable side shoot, then angle of release draws branch directly to cultivate major branch, while removes overstocked branch, as branch gesture is unbalanced whole from base portion by side shoot Remove, on the position of culture major branch consolidant can also be smeared to the extremely heavy cutting back of the side shoot, clip in time；
2. the processing for extending branch is done at center
Winter cuts：Center, which is done, extends the relatively strong light cutting back of Zhiru growing way or not cutting back；It is weaker at it that extension Zhiru growing way is done at center More than base portion full bud top cutting back at 45~50cm, and do extension branch base portion 10cm from center and up carve bud, carve one every 3 buds Bud；
Summer cuts：Mid-August, pinching is carried out to the extension branch young sprout not bound；
3. the processing of competitive branch
In late May to early June, when competing young sprout length to 10~15cm, extremely heavy cutting back is carried out, i.e., in base portion lotus throne Cutting back at 1cm more than leaf is stayed, bud can be formed then and grow golden mean of the Confucian school branch；
4. the processing of major branch
Summer cuts：The branch sprouted again is done to polishing rear center, it is according to target tree-like to select and remain major branch, when major branch length to 18~ Branch label are carried out during 22cm, start to draw branch, 120 ° of angle when length is to 48~52cm；Mid-August carries out the major branch young sprout not bound Pinching；
Autumn draws branch：Early August starts to carry out major branch in drawing branch, 120 ° of angle；
3) trim within the 3rd year
1. the processing for extending branch is done at center
Center, which is done, extends the relatively strong light cutting back of Zhiru growing way or not cutting back, such as the weaker bud top full at 45~50cm of growing way Cutting back, and carry out quarter bud, deflorate；
2. the processing of major branch
(1) continue to cultivate major branch, removed thick overstocked branch；
(2) the sagging fluffy fruitful branch of target culture of 8~12 is pressed by every meter, on major branch between the adjacent fruitful branch of homonymy Away from 18~22cm, remove and do the branch within 20cm away from center on major branch, and start to carve bud, can also smear branching promoter for plant, promote side Bud is sprouted；
(3) processing of major branch back branch, as both sides are removed without culture space from base portion, as both sides have culture space to carry out base Portion's girdling, by branch or draw the sagging fruitful branch of branch culture；
(4) on major branch strong prosperous extension branch it is long to 30~40cm when, cut the tender tip of 8~12cm of front end, rear portion can sprout 2 ~4 small brachyplasts, cutting back is extremely weighed when small brachyplast is grown to 8~12cm again again, then can be into flower.
4) trim within the 4th to six year
1. center is done and the processing of major branch
Tree height is up to 2.8~3.5m at this time, and major branch has reached 15~22,10~20cm of adjacent major branch spacing；, to center The according to target tree-like requirement of dry extension branch and major branch carries out light cutting back or not cutting back；
2. the processing of fruit-bearing shoot cluster
Done on major branch away from center and middle-size and small-size fruit-bearing shoot cluster cultivated beyond 20cm, fruit-bearing shoot cluster growing point control 20 with Under, length is controlled in below 50cm, branch level below 4 grades of branches, the branch of lower part major branch fruit-bearing shoot cluster apart from ground 30cm with On；Fruit-bearing shoot cluster every meter of distributed quantity 8~12 on major branch, front portion account for 33~38%, and middle part accounts for 45~50%, and rear portion accounts for 14 ~20%；For the stronger fruit-bearing shoot cluster of growing way, the first older put is not cut, and second year carries out cutting back to extending branch；For growing way Weaker fruit-bearing shoot cluster, gets rid of to put and does not cut for years, gives free rein to grow, facilitates brachyplast to yield positive results.
5) developmental branch is trimmed
1. roll over branch
Mid-July carries out folding branch to the developmental branch on skeleton branch, i.e., is rolled over downwards at branch base portion 5cm, fracture branch The 1/2 to 2/3 of bar, makes branch angle hang down into 120~130 °, changes shoot growth direction, hinders its nutrition to transport downwards, product Tired nutrition promotes flower_bud formation；
2. cutting back in spray, promotes rear portion into flower
Mid-July, to cutting back in branch progress, cuts spray to the developmental branch for giving over to fruitful branch when branch grows to 40cm 1/3, press down before promote after, make clip rear portion bud have grace time accumulate nutrition, 1~2 bud can be formed at clip rear portion then；
3. spray top is broken before, back heavy carves bud, inspires brachyplast, delays gesture into flower
Spring to the biennial strong prosperous developmental branch of more than 50cm, when branch terminal bud grows to 3~5cm, gets rid of terminal bud, and right Rear portion bud carries out quarter bud, makes whole branch healthy and strong by the strong prosperous golden mean of the Confucian school that changes into, inspires brachyplast, delay gesture into flower；
4. cut dense point
Dense multiple leaf buds are concentrated to be commonly called as dense point extending branch front end, weak branch is before sap flowing, enriching shoot sap Dense point is cut after flowing, makes extension branch normal growth, uniaxial extension, expands tree crown.
6) best fruiting period trims
The best fruiting period mainly controls tree crown, improves illumination condition, stablizes tree vigo(u)r, intense adjustment fruit-bearing shoot cluster, ensures orchard In-group's light；With the growth of the age of tree, remove the bough that diameter on trunk exceedes 2.5cm in due course, accomplish " it is upper it is dilute under it is close, outer It is dilute it is interior it is close, the dilute sprig of bough is close ".

Claims (4)

  1. A kind of 1. tree-like pruning method of elongated pinecone shape apple, it is characterised in that：Tree-like entirety is in elongated pinecone shape, closes on Sheng High 3.5~the 4.5m of fruiting period tree, major branch number 25~30；Fall and high 2.8~3m is set after head, the high 1.0~1.5m of trunk, major branch number 18~ 22,115 °~125 ° of major branch spreading angle, tree crown lower part major branch 115~125cm of length, tree crown top major branch length 55~ 65cm, major branch 12~18cm of spacing, major branch surround trunk helical arrangement, and limb ratio is 1: 4~5, and branch group is 1 with major branch ratio: 5.5~6.5；After apple sapling is colonized by seeding row spacing 2~3m × 4~5m, its tree-like trimming comprises the following steps：
    1) First Year is trimmed
    1. do surely
    Height of seedling is done, height of seedling is in 120~150cm, in 105~115cm surely in 100~120cm at the full buds of 85~95cm Place is fixed dry；After fixed dry at away from ground 65~75cm trunks every a bud carve a bud, the 4th bud under carving to clip, inspires 3~5 A branch；Start branch label, 90 ° of the strong angle of release of shoot growth gesture, the slightly slow strong angle of release of shoot growth gesture when long branch is to 18~22cm 70°；When long branch is to 48~52cm, start 120 ° of branch angle；
    It is 2. indefinite dry
    When the sprouting that nursery stock sprouts is grown to 0.8~1.2cm, the strong tender shoots center of doing in a upper end is stayed to do extension branch, the bud of erasing Rudiment within the 10cm of lower end, promotes lower part to sprout golden mean of the Confucian school stalwartness branch；As nursery stock sprout sprouting grow to during 0.8~1.2cm not Erase rudiment within the 10cm of the bud lower end, when young sprout length is to 4.5~5.5cm, select the most strong young sprout center of doing in a upper end to do extension Branch, is thinning out competitive branch；
    3. bud picking
    Erase early all rudiments 2~3 times in ground to 65~75cm trunks, and the overstocked rudiment in trunk top of erasing；
    2) second year is trimmed
    1. the processing of annual side shoot
    According to target tree-like culture major branch, such as the equilibrium of branch gesture, i.e., center has done more than 3, limb ratio is less than 1: 3 and orientation is preferable Side shoot, then angle of release draw branch directly to cultivate major branch, while remove overstocked branch, all dredge side shoot from base portion as branch gesture is unbalanced Remove, on the position of culture major branch consolidant can also be smeared to the extremely heavy cutting back of the side shoot, clip in time；
    2. the processing for extending branch is done at center
    Winter cuts：Center, which is done, extends the relatively strong light cutting back of Zhiru growing way or not cutting back；It is weaker in its base portion that extension Zhiru growing way is done at center Full bud top cutting back at 45~50cm of the above, and do extension branch base portion 10cm from center and up carve bud, carve a bud every 3 buds；
    Summer cuts：Mid-August, pinching is carried out to the extension branch young sprout not bound；
    3. the processing of competitive branch
    In late May to early June, when competing young sprout length to 10~15cm, carry out extremely heavy cutting back, i.e., base portion lotus throne leaf with On stay cutting back at 1cm, bud can be formed then and grow golden mean of the Confucian school branch；
    4. the processing of major branch
    Summer cuts：The branch sprouted again is done to polishing rear center, it is according to target tree-like to select and remain major branch, when major branch length to 18~22cm Shi Jinhang branch label, start to draw branch, 120 ° of angle when length is to 48~52cm；Mid-August carries out pinching to the major branch young sprout not bound；
    Autumn draws branch：Early August starts to carry out major branch in drawing branch, 120 ° of angle；
    3) trim within the 3rd year
    1. the processing for extending branch is done at center
    Center, which is done, extends the relatively strong light cutting back of Zhiru growing way or not cutting back, as the weaker bud top full at 45~50cm of growing way is short Cut, and carry out quarter bud, deflorate；
    2. the processing of major branch
    (1) continue to cultivate major branch, removed thick overstocked branch；
    (2) the sagging fluffy fruitful branch of target culture of 8~12 every meter is pressed on major branch, the adjacent fruitful branch spacing 18 of homonymy~ 22cm, removes and does the branch within 20cm away from center on major branch, and starts to carve bud, can also smear branching promoter for plant, promote lateral bud to sprout；
    (3) processing of major branch back branch, as both sides are removed without culture space from base portion, as both sides have culture space to carry out base portion ring Cut, by branch or the drawing sagging fruitful branch of branch culture；
    (4) on major branch strong prosperous extension branch it is long to 30~40cm when, cut the tender tip of 8~12cm of front end, rear portion can sprout 2~4 A small brachyplast, cutting back is extremely weighed when small brachyplast is grown to 8~12cm again again, then can be into flower.
  2. 2. the tree-like pruning method of elongated pinecone shape apple according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It includes following step Suddenly：
    4) trim within the 4th to six year
    1. center is done and the processing of major branch
    Tree height is up to 2.8~3.5m at this time, and major branch has reached 15~22,10~20cm of adjacent major branch spacing；, it is dry to center to prolong Long shoot and the according to target tree-like requirement of major branch carry out light cutting back or not cutting back；
    2. the processing of fruit-bearing shoot cluster
    To be done on major branch away from center and middle-size and small-size fruit-bearing shoot cluster is cultivated beyond 20cm, fruit-bearing shoot cluster growing point is controlled below 20, Length is controlled in below 50cm, and branch level is below 4 grades of branches, and the branch of lower part major branch fruit-bearing shoot cluster is apart from more than ground 30cm； Fruit-bearing shoot cluster every meter of distributed quantity 8~12 on major branch, front portion account for 33~38%, and middle part accounts for 45~50%, and rear portion accounts for 14~ 20%；For the stronger fruit-bearing shoot cluster of growing way, the first older put is not cut, and second year carries out cutting back to extending branch；For growing way compared with Weak fruit-bearing shoot cluster, gets rid of to put and does not cut for years, gives free rein to grow, facilitates brachyplast to yield positive results.
  3. 3. the tree-like pruning method of elongated pinecone shape apple according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：It includes following step Suddenly：
    5) developmental branch is trimmed
    1. roll over branch
    Mid-July carries out folding branch to the developmental branch on skeleton branch, i.e., is rolled over downwards at branch base portion 5cm, fracture branch 1/2 to 2/3, branch angle is hung down into 120~130 °, change shoot growth direction, hinder its nutrition to transport downwards, accumulation battalion Support and promote flower_bud formation；
    2. cutting back in spray, promotes rear portion into flower
    Mid-July, to cutting back in branch progress, cuts the 1/ of spray to the developmental branch for giving over to fruitful branch when branch grows to 40cm 3, after promoting before pressing down, make clip rear portion bud there is grace time to accumulate nutrition, 1~2 bud can be formed at clip rear portion then；
    3. spray top is broken before, back heavy carves bud
    Spring to the biennial strong prosperous developmental branch of more than 50cm, when branch terminal bud grows to 3~5cm, gets rid of terminal bud, and to rear portion Bud carries out quarter bud, makes whole branch healthy and strong by the strong prosperous golden mean of the Confucian school that changes into, inspires brachyplast, delay gesture into flower；
    4. cut dense point
    Extending branch front end concentrates dense multiple leaf buds to be commonly called as dense point, and weak branch is before sap flowing, after the flowing of enriching shoot sap Dense point is cut, makes extension branch normal growth, uniaxial extension, expands tree crown.
  4. 4. the tree-like pruning method of elongated pinecone shape apple according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：It includes following step Suddenly：
    6) best fruiting period trims
    The best fruiting period mainly controls tree crown, improves illumination condition, stablizes tree vigo(u)r, intense adjustment fruit-bearing shoot cluster, ensures group in orchard Body light；With the growth of the age of tree, remove the bough that diameter on trunk exceedes 2.5cm in due course, accomplish " it is upper it is dilute under it is close, outer it is dilute in It is close, the dilute sprig of bough is close ".
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