CN105746290B - A kind of peach falls " a " shape cultivation technique - Google Patents

A kind of peach falls " a " shape cultivation technique Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105746290B
CN105746290B CN201610271559.7A CN201610271559A CN105746290B CN 105746290 B CN105746290 B CN 105746290B CN 201610271559 A CN201610271559 A CN 201610271559A CN 105746290 B CN105746290 B CN 105746290B
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branch
dry
center
fruit
tree
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CN105746290A (en
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张金云
潘海发
秦改花
齐永杰
高正辉
伊兴凯
郭遵守
雷波
陈加红
陈红莉
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Institute of Gardening of Anhui Academy Agricultural Sciences
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Institute of Gardening of Anhui Academy Agricultural Sciences
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005Cultivation methods
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00Botany in general
    • A01G7/06Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of peach fall the tree-like cultivation technique of " a " shape:Specify plantation density;Quantify pruning:This tree-like center dry strong and upright, dereliction, side shoot, center are done in addition to base portion raw 2 and adjusts branch group, remaining whole directly mitogenetic small-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster uniformly arranges upwards in the shape of a spiral every 10cm~15cm 1 small-sized fruit-bearing shoot clusters of distribution;Set high 2.5m~3m, crown diameter 1.5m~2m, trunk height 50cm~70cm;2 adjust branch group attachment regions and misplace up and down, spacing 10cm~15cm, in 180 ° of distributions, with the row of field planting row to angle be 30 degree, while with dry 40 degree of the angle in center;Pay attention to controlling life in no more than central dry crude 1/3 or more the degree of the dry upper branch thick in center, removes when necessary;The present invention promotes premature labor high and stable yield, extends the peach full fruit period age of tree, improves fruit commodity rate and high quality fruit rate, while improving working efficiency, reduces labor intensity.

Description

A kind of peach falls " a " shape cultivation technique
Technical field:
The invention belongs to pomology, fruit tree field of ecology relates in particular to a kind of peach " a " shape cultivation Technology.
Background technology:
Tree-like is the basis of peach cultivation, in peach production process, rational pruning need to be carried out to peach, so that tree Body forms high-yield structure.Traditional natural open centre shape is tree-like to be gradually eliminated, the peach trunk shape cultivation skill promoted and applied Art, the region peach growing way of warm and moist is prosperous on the south Huaihe River, in addition apical dominance, orchard worker is difficult control tree management, finally It easily leads to trunk shape and becomes umbrella shape, i.e., it is strong up and weak down, tree body global illumination is influenced, the lower half baldness for easily leading to tree body is withered. Therefore, applicant is through repetition test, finally proposes that a kind of peach falls the tree-like cultivation technique of " a " shape, makes branch in space more cloth Office rationally, to reach premature labor, high yield, stable yields, and prevents tree body lower half baldness withered or the purpose of early ageing, and is suitble to mechanization Farming.This is technically simple, and orchard worker easily grasps, and is a kind of laborsaving comparatively ideal peach cultivation technique gently simplified.
Invention content:
The present invention is directed to the cultivating and growing demand of peach, proposes that a kind of peach falls the tree-like cultivation technique of " a " shape.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:
A kind of peach falls the tree-like cultivation technique of " a " shape, carries out according to the following steps successively:
(1)Plantation density
Seeding row spacing be 1.5 m~2.0m × 3.5 m~4.5m, north and south row to
(2)Shaping
" a " shape is tree-like, and strong and upright, dereliction, side shoot are done in center, and center is dry upper except base portion raw two medium-sized results Branch group is outer, remaining whole directly mitogenetic small-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster is uniformly distributed 1 small-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster every 10cm~15cm, is in spiral shell Rotation shape uniformly arranges upwards;Whole tree raw 20~30 small-sized fruit-bearing shoot clusters, sets high 2.5m~3m, crown diameter 1.5m~2m, main Dry height 50cm~70cm;Central butt portion, which misplaces, gives birth to two medium-sized fruit-bearing shoot clusters, and attachment region misplaces up and down, and spacing 10cm~ 15cm, in 180 ° of distributions, with the row of peach field planting row to angle be 30 degree, while with dry 40 degree of the angle in center
2 medium-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster referred to as adjusts branch group;When the dry apical growth gesture in center is strong, suitably slow caving end branch, Make it more as a result, two medium-sized fruit-bearing shoot clusters of heavy pruning base portion simultaneously, and the angle for making it dry with center becomes smaller, few node fruit, Promote its nutrient growth, the nutrient that tree body root system absorbs will disperse in this two medium-sized fruit-bearing shoot clusters, weaken the growth on top;When When the dry apical growth gesture in center is weak, the branch on top is done in appropriate cutting back center, promotes its nutrient growth, it is allowed to lack fruiting as possible, The slow branch put, dredge, draw or turn round on two medium-sized fruit-bearing shoot clusters simultaneously, forces branch laterally or gives birth to obliquely downward, limits its nutrition life It is long, it allows its more fruiting, tree body apical growth is promoted to restore;The two medium-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster of base portion is utilized to adjust the dry top in center Growth potential, so referred to as adjusting branch group
(3)Trimming
Including Summerly pruning and dormant pruning, based on Summerly pruning, supplemented by dormant pruning
1. field planting current year and second year trimming
Summerly pruning:The finished product seedling or semi-finished product seedling being colonized before spring current year or winter upper one year are reinforcing rich water pipe early period Under conditions of reason, emphasis culture center is dry, has to allow center is dry to grow vertically upward, single shaft prolongs Shen;In early and middle ten days in May, open Beginning selects top stalwartness young sprout to be strapped in braces, 50cm or less raw branch all remove, the choosing of the positions 50cm~70cm Two adjusting branch groups are cultivated in appropriate location, remaining Yanzhong centre is dry to select and remain 1 young sprout per upward 10cm~15cm, and in the shape of a spiral to Upper arrangement, all every 20~30cm pinching of young sprout are primary, form small-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster;It misaligns centre and does pinching, if but in discovery It entreats dry when growing up more than 30cm without branch, branch need to be inspired to its pinching;After pinching, 2 branches can be at least sent out, it is to be generated After long 25d, a young sprout of top stalwartness is selected to be strapped in braces again again, continues to grow up as center is dry Extending head, uniaxial extension optionally stay a Tipping, form a small-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster, remaining young sprout removes, to ensure that center is dry On every 10cm~15cm centainly have a small-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster;In addition to pay special attention to, if having raw thick in the dry upper branch in center When degree is more than central 1/3 or more dry crude degree, priority control growth is answered, is removed when necessary
Winter pruning:Using Long pruning technology;Remove, it is slow put based on, remove overstocked branch, sick and weak branch, Qiang Wangzhi;Centering The dry height in centre is not up to the dry extending head in center of ideal height, and cutting back is carried out at full bud, ensures the dry uniaxial extension in center
2. the trimming in the best fruiting period
Summerly pruning:Field planting has reached the best fruiting period in third year, this phase, keeps tree vigo(u)r balance, cultivates various types of knots Fruit branch group will press down under rush, the newborn branch of excessive growth be removed or turned round in time tip control;Fruit picking is trimmed in time after a week, using prune off, Contracting cuts and grows the method put, and substantially without cutting back, trimming Hou Quan sprays a sterilizing insecticide in garden;Every plant of tree selects and remain 20~30 Small-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster
Winter pruning:The trimming of this phase is very simple;Using Long pruning technology, removes vertical branch, overstocked branch, intersects branch, again Folded branch and excessively weak descending branch remove the branch of excessive growth or have taking for spatial position to draw branch processing;Main is also to maintain tree vigo(u)r Balance;Small-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster will be constantly updated;The suitable light pruning of the strong tree of growth potential, allows its more result as possible;The dry, branch of excessive growth to center Combination should be scaled, notices that control is strong up and weak down, it is slow as possible to put or remove if top growing way is strong, allow its more result;If top growing way It is weak, cutting back can be suitably weighed, nutrient growth is promoted, makes its few as a result, and 2 adjusting branch groups of base portion is made full use of to be balanced
3. the trimming of declining period
Based on rejuvenating, utilized as possible for the newer branch of excessive growth, leafage branch fills a vacancy;Summerly pruning is abundant It is updated using shoot;This phase can bounce back 2 and adjust a group, form it into 2 small fruit-bearing shoot clusters, while coordinate the dry top in cutting back center The branch at end increases tree body growing way, slows down aging
The cultivation management technologies such as rich water, flower and fruit management, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control and other tree-like management of peach are almost the same.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are embodied in:
The cultivation technique that the present invention uses is since the line-spacing of field planting is big, ventilation and penetrating light, pest and disease damage reduce, fruit commodity rate and High quality fruit rate also greatly improves, and promotes peach premature labor high and stable yield, and extend the age of tree of peach full fruit period, the big portion of farm work Divide applicable mechanized operation, also greatly improves working efficiency while reducing labour's recruitment in peach garden, and entire When orchard is trimmed with other farm works, orchard worker is no longer that whole is bent or stoop labor, labor intensity are also greatly lowered .
Description of the drawings:
Fig. 1 is peach structural schematic diagram after the present invention is implemented
Wherein:1 is peach center rod, and tree height is 2.5~3m;2 be the height for adjusting branch group apart from ground, numerical value For 50~70cm;3 be adjust branch group and peach center it is dry between angle, numerical value is 40 °;4 is adjust the distance between branch group, Numerical value is 0.1~0.15m.
Fig. 2 is peach full line arrangement architecture schematic diagram after the present invention is implemented
Wherein:5 angle between the adjusting branch group and arrangement horizontal line of peach, numerical value is 30 °.
Specific implementation mode:
By embodiment, invention is further described in detail:
Embodiment 1
The present invention a kind of peach fall " a " shape cultivation technique:
Resident time:Soil improvement is good, and after digging field planting ditch ridging, gardenful was colonized March 6 after the defrosting of spring soil Red, two Peach cultivars of spring snow, peach seedling select superfine seedling.It is the m of 2 m × 4 that plantation density, which is seeding row spacing, north and south row to
First Year shaping:It is done surely at full bud after seedling planting, 60 centimetres of heading height, a upright bamboo is inserted by seedling Bar makees supporter.Started May 10 that top stalwartness young sprout is selected to be strapped on bamboo bar, 50cm or less raw branch all remove, 50cm~70cm selects at position appropriate location to select about 2 young sprouts to misplace, and spacing 10cm~15cm is trained 2 adjusting branches Group, in 180 ° of distributions, with the row of peach field planting row to angle be 30 degree, while with dry 40 degree of the angle in center
The timely binding correction that angle does not reach requirement, supports branch using bamboo bar or carries out drawing branch with vinyl chloride rope, adjust Branch group is in 40 degree with the angle that center is done;Then dry to field examination center every 25d, every 10cm~15cm uniform mitogenetic 1 A branch, and arrangement upwards in the shape of a spiral.If more, just erase in time, and the good center of bondage is dry, compels its upward life perpendicular always It is long, if find that center is dry and grow up more than 30cm without branch, branch need to be inspired to its pinching;After pinching, 2 can be at least sent out A branch after 25d to be grown, selects a young sprout of its top stalwartness to be strapped on bamboo bar again again, continues dry as center Extend the upward uniaxial extension of branch, optionally stay a Tipping, forms a small-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster, remaining young sprout removes, in ensuring Centainly there is a small-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster every 10cm~15cm on centre is dry.In addition to pay special attention to, if it is raw in the dry upper branch in center When thering is rugosity to be more than central 1/3 or more dry crude degree, priority control growth is answered, is removed when necessary
After falling leaves to winter, it is main using remove, it is slow put based on, remove strong prosperous branch, overstocked branch, sick and weak branch.Center is dry Height has reached 2m, and the full substantial place of top sprout is selected to carry out cutting back
Second year shaping:Continue First Year, emphasis culture center is dry, the work of First Year is repeated since May 10, directly Until causing center is dry to reach ideal 2.5m height.It is done up to after ideal height Deng center, starts that its top branch length is allowed to put, also not Need bondage again.Second year will be paid special attention to, if find it is raw the dry upper branch in center have rugosity be more than the dry crude degree in center 1/3 with When upper, priority control growth was answered, is removed when necessary
Third year has been enter into the best fruiting period, trimmed until declining period after this phase, during this it is most simple, it is dry around center Select and remain 1-2 fruitful branch per upward 10cm~15cm in the shape of a spiral, more just removes, remaining delay put it is motionless.During this mainly Tree vigo(u)r balance is kept, various types of fruit-bearing shoot clusters is cultivated, to press down under rush, tip control is removed or turn round in time to the newborn branch of excessive growth System;Fruit picking is trimmed in time after a week, is cut using pruning off, contracting and is grown the method put, substantially without cutting back, the gardens trimming Hou Quan spray one All over sterilizing insecticide;Every plant of tree selects and remain 20~25 small-sized fruit-bearing shoot clusters
Winter pruning is also very simple.It removes vertical branch, overstocked branch, intersect branch, overlapping branch and excessively weak descending branch, to excessive growth Branch removes or has taking for spatial position to draw branch processing.Main is also to maintain tree vigo(u)r balance;Small-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster will constantly more Newly.The suitable light pruning of the strong tree of growth potential, allows its more result as possible.To center, the dry, branch of excessive growth should scale combination, under paying attention to control above by force It is weak, it is slow as possible to put or remove if top growing way is strong, allow its more result;If top growing way is weak, cutting back can be suitably weighed, promotes nutrition Growth makes its few as a result, and 2 adjusting branch groups is made full use of to be balanced
Present Peach cultivars updating decision, some enter declining period, more renew quality product kind rapidly, because peach avoids continuous cropping, Quan Yuan It cuts down and removes, cultivate other crops 2 years, then be colonized peach seedling again.
The field test results table of comparisons
Remarks:Natural open centre shape just reaches the best fruiting period on the 5th year, and uses trunk shape just to be reached within the 4th year with " a " shape and contain Fruiting period.80 yuan/people of cost of labor daily management is daily, produces 150/ day busy season, and trunk shape and " a " shape of falling apply fertilizer, spray insecticide Part uses semi-mechanized operation.
Above-described embodiment is only the preferable embodiment of the present invention, and in addition to this, the present invention also has other realization methods. It should be noted that under the premise of no disengaging present inventive concept, any obvious improvements and modifications should all fall into this Within the protection domain of invention.

Claims (1)

1. a kind of peach fall the tree-like cultural method of " a " shape, it is characterised in that:It carries out according to the following steps successively:
(1)Plantation density
Seeding row spacing be 1.5 m~2.0m × 3.5 m~4.5m, north and south row to
(2)Shaping
" a " shape is tree-like, and strong and upright, dereliction, side shoot are done in center, and center is dry upper except base portion raw two medium-sized fruit-bearing shoot clusters Outside, remaining whole directly mitogenetic small-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster, are uniformly distributed 1 small-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster, in the shape of a spiral every 10cm~15cm Uniformly arrangement upwards;Whole tree raw 20~30 small-sized fruit-bearing shoot clusters, sets high 2.5m~3m, crown diameter 1.5m~2m, trunk height Spend 50cm~70cm;Central butt portion, which misplaces, gives birth to two medium-sized fruit-bearing shoot clusters, and attachment region misplaces up and down, and spacing 10cm~ 15cm, in 180 ° of distributions, with the row of peach field planting row to angle be 30 degree, while with dry 40 degree of the angle in center
Two medium-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster referred to as adjusts branch group;When the dry apical growth gesture in center is strong, suitably slow caving end branch allows it More and the angle for making it dry with center becomes smaller as a result, two medium-sized fruit-bearing shoot clusters of heavy pruning base portion simultaneously, and few node fruit promotees it Nutrient growth, the nutrient that tree body root system absorbs will disperse in this two medium-sized fruit-bearing shoot clusters, weaken the growth on top;Work as center When dry apical growth gesture is weak, the branch on top is done in appropriate cutting back center, promotes its nutrient growth, allows its few fruiting as possible, simultaneously The slow branch put, dredge, draw or turn round on two medium-sized fruit-bearing shoot clusters, forces branch laterally or gives birth to obliquely downward, limit its nutrient growth, allow Its more fruiting promotes tree body apical growth to restore;The two medium-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster of base portion is utilized to adjust the dry apical growth in center Gesture, so referred to as adjusting branch group
(3)Trimming
Including Summerly pruning and dormant pruning, based on Summerly pruning, supplemented by dormant pruning
1. field planting current year and second year trimming
Summerly pruning:The finished product seedling or semi-finished product seedling being colonized before spring current year or winter upper one year are reinforcing fertilizer and water management early period Under the conditions of, emphasis culture center is dry, has to allow center is dry to grow vertically upward, uniaxial extension;In early and middle ten days in May, start to select Top stalwartness young sprout is strapped in braces, 50cm or less raw branch all remove, the choosing of the positions 50cm~70cm is appropriate Position cultivates 2 and adjusts branch groups, remaining Yanzhong centre is dry to select and remain 1 young sprout per upward 10cm~15cm, and arranges upwards in the shape of a spiral Row, all every 20~30cm pinching of young sprout are primary, form small-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster;It misaligns centre and does pinching, if but finding that center is dry When growing up more than 30cm without branch, branch need to be inspired to its pinching;After pinching, 2 branches, 25d to be grown can be at least sent out Afterwards, it selects a young sprout of top stalwartness to be strapped in braces again again, continues as the dry extension grown up in center Head, uniaxial extension optionally stay a Tipping, form a small-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster, remaining young sprout removes, to ensure that center is dry every Centainly there is a small-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster every 10cm~15cm;In addition to pay special attention to, if having raw super in the dry upper branch thick in center When crossing central 1/3 or more dry crude degree, priority control growth is answered, is removed when necessary
Winter pruning:Using Long pruning method;Remove, it is slow put based on, remove overstocked branch, sick and weak branch, Qiang Wangzhi;It is dry to center Height is not up to the dry extending head in center of ideal height, and cutting back is carried out at full bud, ensures the dry uniaxial extension in center
2. the trimming in the best fruiting period
Summerly pruning:Field planting has reached the best fruiting period in third year, this phase, keeps tree vigo(u)r balance, cultivates various types of fruitful branches Group will press down under rush, the newborn branch of excessive growth be removed or turned round in time tip control;Fruit picking is trimmed in time after a week, is cut using pruning off, contracting With the long method put, substantially without cutting back, trimming Hou Quan sprays a sterilizing insecticide in garden;Every plant tree select and remain 20~30 it is small-sized Fruit-bearing shoot cluster
Winter pruning:The trimming of this phase is very simple;Using Long pruning method, removes vertical branch, overstocked branch, intersects branch, overlapping branch And excessively weak descending branch, the branch of excessive growth is removed or has taking for spatial position to draw branch processing;Main is also to maintain tree vigo(u)r balance;It is small Type fruit-bearing shoot cluster will be constantly updated;The suitable light pruning of the strong tree of growth potential, allows its more result as possible;To center, the dry, branch of excessive growth should scale In conjunction with, notice that control is strong up and weak down, it is slow as possible to put or remove if top growing way is strong, allow its more result;If top growing way is weak, fit When weight cutting back, promote nutrient growth, makes its few as a result, and 2 adjusting branch groups of base portion is made full use of to be balanced
3. the trimming of declining period
Based on rejuvenating, utilized as possible for the newer branch of excessive growth, leafage branch fills a vacancy;Summerly pruning makes full use of Shoot updates;This phase bounces back 2 and adjusts branch groups, forms it into 2 small fruit-bearing shoot clusters, while coordinating the branch on the dry top in cutting back center Item increases tree body growing way, other the tree-like management of anti-aging rich water, flower and fruit management, prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control cultivation management method and peach It is almost the same.
CN201610271559.7A 2016-04-28 2016-04-28 A kind of peach falls " a " shape cultivation technique Expired - Fee Related CN105746290B (en)

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CN107548844A (en) * 2017-09-22 2018-01-09 淮南市祝利生态园林有限公司 A kind of peach trimming and the method for flower and fruit thinning
CN107996249A (en) * 2017-12-08 2018-05-08 阜阳市鸿业生态农业科技有限公司 A kind of administrative skill after peach fruit harvesting
CN107873426B (en) * 2017-12-25 2020-02-14 河南省林业科学研究院 Labor-saving elder shaping and trimming method
CN109618799B (en) * 2019-01-18 2021-01-29 上海市农业科学院 Pruning method for planar four-main-branch tree form and application of pruning method in cultivation
CN109804850B (en) * 2019-02-19 2021-02-09 河北省林业科学研究院 Shaping and trimming method for ulmus pumila trunks
CN111543243A (en) * 2020-06-01 2020-08-18 安徽省农业科学院园艺研究所 Ectopic two-main-branch Y-shaped cultivation method for improving quality of green plums

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