CN1602666A - Fruit tree 'lean to one side' cultivation and management method - Google Patents
Fruit tree 'lean to one side' cultivation and management method Download PDFInfo
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- CN1602666A CN1602666A CN 200410036042 CN200410036042A CN1602666A CN 1602666 A CN1602666 A CN 1602666A CN 200410036042 CN200410036042 CN 200410036042 CN 200410036042 A CN200410036042 A CN 200410036042A CN 1602666 A CN1602666 A CN 1602666A
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Abstract
This invention published a cultivate and manage method about the 'one side down' of a fruiter when cultivate in protective area after planted the fruiter in spring, put the stem incline to the ground and keep 35 to 45 degree angle with the ground in July of the year. When cultivate in wild area, incline the stem of fruiter about 65 to 75 degree angle with the ground. If the fruiter planted in the south and north line, incline to west. If the fruiter is planted in the east and west line, it will incline to south. After planting fruiter, keep a single stem in favor of manage. Make the plants incline to one side by shaping and maintain the trunk distance 0.8-1 m and the row distance 1.8-2 m, and on-earth trunk distance 1-1.3 m and row distance 2.5 m. The invention has a lot of characteristics including high productivity, high quality and well management. Therefore, it has a good market profit.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a planting fruit-trees high-yield culturing management method, specifically the fruit tree high-yield culturing management method that " leans to one side ".
Background technology
At present, that generally adopts on the production of fruit trees tree-likely mainly contains spindle, layering shape, happy shape and two major branch V-arrangements and other distortion etc., and spindle is suitable for dense planting, the result is fast, but because of to aerial development, causes management to be taken a lot of work, spray value is big, and the top fruit is little, and pruning rate is bigger; The result is slow for layering shape, and upper strata output is less; Happy shape preferably resolves the illumination problem, but happy shape is radial formation major branch, and waste sunlight and soil influence output equally, and has the problem that loses light behind; Two major branch V-arrangements are arranged in parallel whole major branches, the utility rate of luminous energy height, but also have the major branch cross-cutting issue, have influence on the quality of fruit.So at present the tree-like result of existence slow, yield poorly, of poor quality, unmanageable problem.
Summary of the invention
The result who the objective of the invention is to solve traditional tree-like existence is slow, yield poorly, of poor quality, unmanageable problem, and the fruit tree that a kind of result is fast, output is high, quality is good, the manageable shape cultivation management method that " leans to one side " is provided.
For achieving the above object; the technical solution of the utility model is: the planting fruit-trees shape cultivation method that " leans to one side "; described method is: during the cultivation of protection ground; with described fruit tree behind spring cultivation; to put in order the inclination of strain fruit tree trunk and remain 35～45 degree shapes in the July then with the ground angle; during outdoor cropping, the angle that fruit tree trunk was tilted to ground in 1 year is 65～75 degree.
As a kind of improvement, in described fruit tree north and south row when plantation, be adjusted to fruit tree trunk westwards to tilt, and during the capable plantation of thing fruit tree trunk is adjusted to south dip, and shape becomes to lean to one side.
Improve as another kind, after fruit growing fruit tree is kept a major branch and take single major branch formula management, being shaped through training makes major branch form predominate shape.
As further improvement, described single major branch formula management and training manufacturing process are: fruit tree is planted after the nursery stock germination in 1 year, erase the stock bud immediately, all the other buds are not smeared, every strain stays young sprout that growing way is the most prosperous of tip as the trunk extending head, the bud of sending out again on the extending head is not smeared yet, and except that the trunk extending head, all the other young sprouts are long promptly to be smoothed out with the fingers flat to 30cm, smooth out with the fingers flat young sprout and relaxed growing way, impel it to transform, impel bud to form, accelerate to form fruit bearing shoot or fruit bearing shoot group to reproductive growth, during two meters left and right sides of the height of tree, plug little bamboo bar on the trunk both sides, all adjust to row to coming up, make the tree body be fan-shaped smoothing out with the fingers flat branch;
Plant 1 year the time; the management method on protection ground is; the overstocked young sprout of in time erasing after the germination, and upright young sprout is in time smoothed out with the fingers flat, but can not be to young sprout pinching; fruit picking was pruned after 20 days; elder generation smoothes out with the fingers vertical branch flat, and too big removes, and too close suitably removes; deduct vertical branch, overlapping branch, overstocked branch during winter pruning and return to cut and intersect branch, and decline branch group is suitably upgraded.The cultivation method of open country is, the overstocked young sprout of suitably erasing after the germination, when upright young sprout is grown to 30cm, in time smooth out with the fingers flat, when major branch is stretched over the 3m left and right sides, major branch is formalized at last, the angle that major branch is tilted to ground is 40～55 degree, the vertical branch that back is taken place is smoothed out with the fingers flat then, and suitably remove overstocked branch, deduct vertical branch, overlapping branch, overstocked branch during winter pruning and return to cut and intersect branch, and the branch group behind the result is suitably upgraded;
Planted the 3rd year, protection the method that repeats a year; The open country trimming method of planting, the overstocked young sprout of in time erasing after the germination, when upright young sprout is grown to 30cm, in time smooth out with the fingers flat, and suitably remove overstocked young sprout, during winter pruning, transform vertical branch, overlapping branch, overstocked branch and the branch that intersects in line with the main points of full turbine, allow each orientation all have branch to be full to take the space, allow the branch at each position all see light and be, except that major branch comes back, allow same maintenance levels of all the other branches, obliquely or be flat under oblique.Repeat to prune by this method later on.
As further improving 0.8～1 meter of protection ground cultivation spacing in the rows, 1.8～2 meters of line-spacings again; Plant 1～1.3 meter of spacing in the rows of open country, 2.5 meters of line-spacings.
Owing to adopted technique scheme, the present invention has the following advantages:
One, the result is fast, and predominate tree-like planting density is big, and tree-like and simple, and full tree is exactly a major branch, and it is the fastest to be shaped, and it is the fastest to form the branch group, and it is the fastest that tree crown takes ground, and therefore predominate tree-like result is fast;
Two, output height, (1) the tree-like no levels light-baffling phenomena that leans to one side does not have yet and intersects light-baffling phenomena between plant, sets the result entirely.(2) predominate tree-like behind branch is also seen light, and full tree is subjected to light, so high yield.(3) common tree-like for the ease of management, must give over to the industry road in the ranks, can not make full use of the soil, therefore influence output, though and predominate tree-like short, the space is big down for tree, the soil is not wasted, so high yield in the operation road under tree.(4) predominate tree-like major branch is arranged in parallel, and stretches to a direction, and so the space availability ratio height is high yield.(5) though predominate tree-like one deck leaf curtain that has only, because of major branch and ground angle increase, major branch length is big, and rear portion baldness not, garden leaf curtain area is bigger entirely, so the output height.(6) predominate tree-like major branch and ground angle are big, because apical dominance impels major branch outwards to stretch rapidly, but when under the angle of 45 degree, being stretched over 3.5 meters left and right sides, when promptly being stretched over 2.5 meters of line-spacings to another row, just can the automatically slow growth impetus, rare prosperous excessively upright bough, the tree vigo(u)r mitigation is nourished and grown and reproductive growth tends to balance automatically, pruning rate is few, so output is higher, do not stay trunk to reach the tree low bodyization easily, it is reasonable to reduce tree height degree back loading amount, amount of growth is big, 35～miter angle tree body life time is moderate, stable yield, and 45 degree are best angle.
Three, quality is good, and common tree-like bad because of major branch illumination behind, so ghlory flower is painted poor down, pol is low, and quality is bad, and predominate tree-like because of major branch illumination behind is good, rectify so following ghlory flower is not only big, and also painted good, the pol height, product are of fine quality.
Four, good management, common tree-like tree height is big, complex structure, must climb to tree and go up management, but tree down space is very little, very inconvenient management, and four meters line-spacing can not mechanized farming, if must adopt mechanized farming, wide row space must be added, the soil can be wasted, and predominate tree-like tree low body, simple in structure, need not climb tree, tree down space is bigger, and 2.5 meters line-spacing also can mechanized farming, the people walks upright under tree, therefore wholely, apply fertilizer, water, spray medicine, pruning, pollination, fruit thinning, bagging, gather etc. very convenient.
Embodiment
The predominate tree-like finished product seedling then of selecting for use usually, more than the height of seedling 80cm, liftoff 10cm place; the diameter rugosity is that root system is complete more than the 0.8cm, does not have dangerous damage by disease and insect; protection ground is that booth is planted and planted for 1～March; more early good more, plant 5～10 cubic metres/mu of new canopy organic fertilizers when ground temperature reaches more than 7 ℃ in the canopy; old canopy as one feels fit; deep ploughing 30～50cm, spacing in the rows is 0.75 meter, line-spacing is 1.8 meters.Open country is planted, and 2～March of time plants, and it is best to plant immediately after soil thaws.1.3 meters of spacing in the rows, 2.5 meters of line-spacings, 2～3 cubic metres/mu of fertilizers, 50～60cm deep ploughs comprehensively, when protecting the ground greenhouse cultivation, with described fruit tree after cultivation, to put in order the inclination of strain fruit tree and remain 35～45 degree shapes in the July then with the ground angle, during outdoor cropping, the angle that fruit tree was tilted to ground in 1 year is 65～75 degree, when described fruit tree north and south row is planted fruit tree trunk is adjusted to westwards, during the capable plantation of thing fruit tree trunk is adjusted to south dip, become predominate shape, after fruit growing fruit tree is kept a major branch and take single major branch formula to manage, being shaped through training makes major branch form predominate shape, and fruit tree is planted after the nursery stock germination in 1 year, erase the stock bud immediately, all the other buds are not smeared, and every strain stays young sprout that growing way is the most prosperous of tip as the trunk extending head, and the bud of sending out again on the extending head is not smeared yet, except that the trunk extending head, all the other young sprouts length are promptly smoothed out with the fingers flat to 30cm, smooth out with the fingers flat young sprout and relaxed growing way, impel it to transform to reproductive growth, impel bud to form, accelerate to form fruit bearing shoot or fruit bearing shoot group, during two meters left and right sides of the height of tree, plug little bamboo bar on the trunk both sides, all adjust to row to coming up smoothing out with the fingers flat branch, make the tree body be fan-shaped; Plant 1 year the time; the management method of protection ground booth is; the overstocked young sprout of in time erasing after the germination, and upright young sprout is in time smoothed out with the fingers flat, but can not be to young sprout pinching; fruit picking was pruned after 20 days; elder generation smoothes out with the fingers vertical branch flat, and too big removes, and too close suitably removes; deduct vertical branch, overlapping branch, overstocked branch during winter pruning and return to cut and intersect branch, and decline branch group is suitably upgraded.The cultivation method of open country is, the overstocked young sprout of suitably erasing after the germination, when upright young sprout is long in time smooth out with the fingers during to 30cm flat, when major branch is stretched over the 3m left and right sides, major branch is formalized at last, the angle that major branch is tilted to ground is 35～45 degree, and the vertical branch that back is taken place is smoothed out with the fingers flatly then, and suitably removes overstocked branch, deduct vertical branch, overlapping branch, overstocked branch during winter pruning and return to cut and intersect branch, and the branch group behind the result suitably upgraded, planted the 3rd year, protection the method that repeats a year; The open country trimming method of planting, the overstocked young sprout of in time erasing after the germination, when upright young sprout is grown to 30cm, in time smooth out with the fingers flat, and suitably remove overstocked young sprout, during winter pruning, transform vertical branch, overlapping branch, overstocked branch and the branch that intersects in line with the main points of full turbine, allow each orientation all have branch to be full to take the space, allow the branch at each position all see light and be, except that major branch comes back, allow same maintenance levels of all the other branches, obliquely or be flat under oblique.Repeat to prune by this method later on, the above fruit growing management method is applicable to fruit trees such as apple, pears, peach, apricot, Lee, cherries.
Claims (5)
1, the planting fruit-trees shape cultivation management method that " leans to one side "; it is characterized in that: during the cultivation of protection ground; with described fruit tree behind spring cultivation; to put in order the inclination of strain fruit tree trunk and remain 35～45 degree shapes in the July then with the ground angle; during outdoor cropping, the angle that fruit tree trunk was tilted to ground in 1 year is 65～75 degree.
2, a planting fruit-trees as claimed in claim 1 shape cultivation management method that " leans to one side " is characterized in that: during the plantation of described fruit tree north and south row fruit tree trunk is adjusted to westwards, during the capable plantation of thing fruit tree trunk is adjusted to south dip, shape becomes to lean to one side.
3, a planting fruit-trees as claimed in claim 1 or 2 shape cultivation management method that " leans to one side " is characterized in that: after fruit growing fruit tree is kept a major branch and take single major branch formula management, being shaped through training makes major branch form predominate shape.
4, the a planting fruit-trees as claimed in claim 3 shape cultivation management method that " leans to one side ", it is characterized in that: described single major branch formula management and training manufacturing process are: fruit tree is planted after the nursery stock germination in 1 year, erase the stock bud immediately, all the other buds are not smeared, every strain stays young sprout that growing way is the most prosperous of tip as the trunk extending head, the bud of sending out again on the extending head is not smeared yet, except that the trunk extending head, all the other young sprouts are long promptly to be smoothed out with the fingers flat to 30cm, smooth out with the fingers flat young sprout and relaxed growing way, impel it to transform, impel bud to form, accelerate to form fruit bearing shoot or fruit bearing shoot group to reproductive growth, during two meters left and right sides of the height of tree, plug little bamboo bar on the trunk both sides, all adjust to row to coming up, make the tree body be fan-shaped smoothing out with the fingers flat branch;
Plant 1 year the time; the management method on protection ground is; the overstocked young sprout of in time erasing after the germination, and upright young sprout is in time smoothed out with the fingers flat, but can not be to young sprout pinching; fruit picking was pruned after 20 days; elder generation smoothes out with the fingers vertical branch flat, and too big removes, and too close suitably removes; deduct vertical branch, overlapping branch, overstocked branch during winter pruning and return to cut and intersect branch, and decline branch group is suitably upgraded.The cultivation method of open country is, the overstocked young sprout of suitably erasing after the germination, when upright young sprout is grown to 30cm, in time smooth out with the fingers flat, when major branch is stretched over the 3m left and right sides, major branch is formalized at last, the angle that major branch is tilted to ground is 35～45 degree, the vertical branch that back is taken place is smoothed out with the fingers flat then, and suitably remove overstocked branch, deduct vertical branch, overlapping branch, overstocked branch during winter pruning and return to cut and intersect branch, and the branch group behind the result is suitably upgraded;
Planted the 3rd year, protection the method that repeats a year; The open country trimming method of planting, the overstocked young sprout of in time erasing after the germination, when upright young sprout is grown to 30cm, in time smooth out with the fingers flat, and suitably remove overstocked young sprout, during winter pruning, transform vertical branch, overlapping branch, overstocked branch and the branch that intersects in line with the main points of full turbine, allow each orientation all have branch to be full to take the space, allow the branch at each position all see light and be, except that major branch comes back, allow same maintenance levels of all the other branches, obliquely or be flat under oblique.Repeat to prune by this method later on.
5, a planting fruit-trees as claimed in claim 4 shape cultivation management method that " leans to one side " is characterized in that: 0.8～1 meter of protection ground cultivation spacing in the rows, 1.8～2 meters of line-spacings; Plant 1～1.3 meter of spacing in the rows of open country, 2.5 meters of line-spacings.
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| CN102273375A (en) * | 2011-07-01 | 2011-12-14 | 山东省寿光蔬菜产业集团有限公司 | Method for pruning tomato bearing branch leaning to one side |
| CN102696440A (en) * | 2012-06-12 | 2012-10-03 | 张照珍 | Mesh-type planting method capable of increasing yield of fruit trees |
| CN102742481A (en) * | 2011-05-04 | 2012-10-24 | 蔡英明 | One-sided technology for vine fruit trees |
| CN102742480A (en) * | 2011-05-04 | 2012-10-24 | 蔡英明 | One-sided matching technology for green house dry fruit trees |
| CN102754581A (en) * | 2011-05-04 | 2012-10-31 | 蔡英明 | Trunk type fruit tree one-side leaning technology |
| CN103329771A (en) * | 2013-05-30 | 2013-10-02 | 安徽芜湖瑞康农业科技开发有限公司 | Peach tree cultivation method and special frame for cultivation method |
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| CN103718813A (en) * | 2013-12-30 | 2014-04-16 | 南京林业大学 | Cedrela sinensis trunk obliquely-pulled dwarfing and compact planting cultivation method |
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| CN105248211A (en) * | 2014-07-17 | 2016-01-20 | 江苏丘陵地区镇江农业科学研究所 | Chinese pear horizontal shed frame single main branch conjoined comb-shaped shaping cultivation method |
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| CN107820973A (en) * | 2017-11-09 | 2018-03-23 | 上海市农业科学院 | A kind of cultivation management method of the U-shaped peach of suitable mechanized operation |
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| CN102742481A (en) * | 2011-05-04 | 2012-10-24 | 蔡英明 | One-sided technology for vine fruit trees |
| CN102742480A (en) * | 2011-05-04 | 2012-10-24 | 蔡英明 | One-sided matching technology for green house dry fruit trees |
| CN102754581A (en) * | 2011-05-04 | 2012-10-31 | 蔡英明 | Trunk type fruit tree one-side leaning technology |
| CN102273375B (en) * | 2011-07-01 | 2012-11-28 | 山东省寿光蔬菜产业集团有限公司 | Method for pruning tomato bearing branch leaning to one side |
| CN102273375A (en) * | 2011-07-01 | 2011-12-14 | 山东省寿光蔬菜产业集团有限公司 | Method for pruning tomato bearing branch leaning to one side |
| CN102696440A (en) * | 2012-06-12 | 2012-10-03 | 张照珍 | Mesh-type planting method capable of increasing yield of fruit trees |
| CN103329771A (en) * | 2013-05-30 | 2013-10-02 | 安徽芜湖瑞康农业科技开发有限公司 | Peach tree cultivation method and special frame for cultivation method |
| CN103461056A (en) * | 2013-09-28 | 2013-12-25 | 蔡英明 | Leaning-to-one-side technology for dry fruit tree |
| CN103718813A (en) * | 2013-12-30 | 2014-04-16 | 南京林业大学 | Cedrela sinensis trunk obliquely-pulled dwarfing and compact planting cultivation method |
| CN104012320A (en) * | 2014-06-23 | 2014-09-03 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Method for shaping shed pears in pear garden |
| CN104012320B (en) * | 2014-06-23 | 2016-01-13 | 江苏省农业科学院 | The method of frame pears shaping in a kind of theatre |
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