CN105961107A - Peach tree form and trimming method - Google Patents
Peach tree form and trimming method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105961107A CN105961107A CN201610175003.8A CN201610175003A CN105961107A CN 105961107 A CN105961107 A CN 105961107A CN 201610175003 A CN201610175003 A CN 201610175003A CN 105961107 A CN105961107 A CN 105961107A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The invention discloses peach tree forms and trimming methods. Under two conditions of close planting and thin planting, two kinds of tree forms of a pinecone shape and a natural happy drooping curtain shape and trimming methods thereof are designed. Characteristics of the pinecone shape are that land and space are fully used, yield is improved, utilization rate of land space in unit area is high, and higher than that of the happy shape, and yield per mu is high. The light energy utilization efficiency is high, and illumination condition is good. Although trees in the tree form are heightened, because of reasonable structure, distinct layers, more branches without overlaying and crossing, bearing branch groups form a drooping curtain type. Three main branches of the natural happy drooping curtain shape are uniformly distributed in 120 DEG, tree bodies have short crowns, branch groups form a drooping curtain and are distributed in order, space is fully used, and utilization of light energy in crowns is good, and photosynthetic efficiency is high. The tree forms are reasonable in long, medium, and short branch matching, and have no upright and excessive long branches, the trees have little diseases and pests, and trimming amount is low, fruit coloring is good, and branch distribution is similar to a butterfly shape.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to planting fruit trees management domain, specifically a kind of peach tree is tree-like and pruning method.
Background technology
Peach tree is defoliation small arbor, and dryness is more weak, and center is dry maintains the time limit short, the happy shape of many employings in cultivation.Crown height 4-5 rice, crown diameter is different according to planting density, generally about 6 meters.
Peach tree growth is very fast, and after planting, Second Year can be yielded positive results.Treetop growth vigorous, 1 year can 3 young sprouts of pumping, second branch also can form flowers, yield positive results.4-5 can enter the best fruiting period.Due to result early, can maintain 10-15 the best fruiting period, the life-span of tree is shorter, typically at about 20 years.
The bud of peach tree is pure bud, only opens a flower in a bud.Have plenty of single bud, have plenty of multiple bud.On single flower bud areloe fruit spur and boundray branch, multiple bud general raw on the preferable long fruit branch of nutritional condition and medium fruit branch.Under the conditions of environmental condition is preferable, regularity of blooming is good, and fruit quality is good.
Peach tree happiness photosensitiveness is strong, and root system is shallower, and Flood resistance is poor, the soil growth that suitable soil is loose and level of ground water is low.High and dry sandy soil or calculous soil earth is selected to be advisable during cultivation, relatively low for level of ground water, the content of organic matter is high, well-drained clayed soil also can be cultivated.
In general production, the middle Mi Shu of seeding row spacing 4*4 uses " three major branch natural open centre shapes ".It does not has center to do, and keeps the tree-like of the first transaction of a day's business, and therefore during shaping, without prejudice to its natural characteristic, the low hat of monolayer using light good is tree-like, and yield is high, and quality is high.Naturally the peach tree of growth, ventilation and penetrating light is bad, yields poorly, of poor quality, and disease pest harm is serious, and the life-span is short.Thus, the peach tree that tree management is good, then yield rises year by year, and of fine quality, stable yields.Tree-like selection is improper, tree crown Yu Mi, ventilation and penetrating light are bad, branch amount is on the high side, back apprentice
Long shoot is dealt with improperly, and it is unfavorable that fruit-bearing shoot cluster is cultivated, time-consuming, degradation problems under fruit quality.
Summary of the invention
In order to create a good ecological environment to peach tree growth, improve the illumination condition in peach tree colony and individual tree crown, increase effective photosynthetic area.Regulating growth and result, yield and the contradiction of quality, reach high-quality and efficient purpose, the present invention provides a kind of peach tree tree-like and pruning method.
The technical scheme is that and be achieved in that: tree-like be divided into two kinds, in the case of the dense planting and thin planting two kinds, two kinds that have separately designed Strobilus Pini shape and shape of holding court from behind a screen the most happily tree-like.Strobilus Pini shape, under conditions of using seeding row spacing 2 × 3 meters, trunk height 80-85cm, about height of tree 2.5-3 rice, center do strong uprightly, on it raw 10-15 little major branch, spirally arrange, it is spaced 15-20 centimetre, major branch length 100 cm, at homonymy neighbouring major branch spacing more than 50 centimetres, major branch and trunk mitogenetic angle 110-120 degree, on major branch directly raw fruit-bearing shoot cluster, do not stay back branch.On described major branch directly raw middle-size and small-size fruit-bearing shoot cluster, distance keeps 25-30cm.Its branch is than for 0.3-0.4:1.
nullThe pruning method that Strobilus Pini shape is tree-like,When First Year east is cut,It is thinning out the branch within 70 centimetres of ground,Major branch and the center dry extending head not cutting back that length is more than 50 centimetres,Delay without exception and put,The term of office grows naturally,Second Year summer is when whole plant height reaches about 2.5 meters,By dry for center extending head pinching or the head that falls,The young sprout occurred is taken branch or draws branch,Angle 110-120 degree,The back branch being thinning out on the major branch of bottom,Thorax illumination in improving,The height of tree is made to control at about 2.5 meters,Major branch quantity 10-15,Strobilus Pini shape is tree-like has cultivated in two years,Middle-size and small-size fruit-bearing shoot cluster distance keeps 25-30cm,It is updated rejuvenation in time,Remove the back prosperous tip summer in time,Improve thorax illumination,Major branch length 80 cm,The angle of branch carries out raising tip angle time bigger than normal in time later,Keep certain branch posture;Ensure branch ratio, to be adjusted in time when major branch is crossed thick, it is ensured that the advantage that center leader is dry.
Hold court from behind a screen the most happily shape, under conditions of seeding row spacing 3 × 4 meters, trunk height 50-60cm, height of tree 2.6-3 rice, 3, major branch, major branch angle 50-60 degree defines large, medium and small fruit-bearing shoot cluster on major branch, is distributed larger result branch group at major branch base portion to upper left side 50cm and right side 80cm, is distributed medium-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster at major branch base portion to upper left side 1.0m and right side 1.3m, the branch group of each major branch is arranged in order, and forming curtain falling type fruit-bearing shoot cluster, major branch back does not stay branch, keeps major branch head advantage.The large, medium and small fruit-bearing shoot cluster length defined on described major branch is respectively 50-80cm, 20-49.9cm, below 19.9cm.20-25cm it is spaced between described medium and small fruit-bearing shoot cluster.25-30cm it is spaced between described larger result branch group.Described larger result branch group holds court from behind a screen length and ground at a distance of 0.4-0.5m.
The pruning method that shape of holding court from behind a screen the most happily is tree-like, first has to keep the tip advantage of major branch, major branch head to use slow putting, and single head runs, and the most not cutting back, major branch length is maintained at about 2.2 meters;Remove the branch of excessive growth of major branch back, vertical branch, and remove prosperous branch thicker under the back of the body, stay plagiotropic growth, horizontal branch;Determine the distribution of large-scale and medium-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster, and the small-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster of reasonable disposition, it is ensured that large-scale hold court from behind a screen fruitful branch group length and ground at a distance of being advisable at 0.4-0.5m, the large, medium and small type branch group in branch group keeps certain distance, and branch group to be evenly distributed.
It addition, full branch strip adoption is to delay, mitigation combines, and more weak withe removes in time, keeps all kinds of branch strong and the most prosperous, dilute and have away from, the golden mean of the Confucian school does not wanes;In cultivation, long fruit branch is as target, increases the quantity of raw multiple bud Fruit branch, to improve yield and fruit quality.The major branch head that angle is downward is bounced back elevation angle in time, keeps on top.To integrate in time for weak branch group, carry out the fixed direction allocation of nutrition, improve the quality of all kinds of branch, ensure the base portion not baldness of branch, it is ensured that branch group spacing, see light to lopwood, improving tree body photosynthetic efficiency, carry out spring pruning in time, the summer cuts and fall pruning, the winter cuts and only accounts for about the 20% of annual pruning rate.
The invention have the benefit that tree-like soil and the space of making full use of of Strobilus Pini shape, improve yield, in unit are, the utilization rate of soil space is big, and higher than happy shape, per mu yield is high.The efficiency of light energy utilization is high, and illumination condition is good, although this tree-like tree body increases, but due to rational in infrastructure, well arranged, the most overlapping more than branch, does not intersects, and fruit-bearing shoot cluster forms curtain falling type.Tree-like three major branches of shape of holding court from behind a screen the most happily are distributed average 120 degree, tree low body hat, and branch group is held court from behind a screen, and distribution in order, makes full use of space, and in hat, light-use is good, and photosynthetic efficiency is high.Rationally, without upright, the branch of excessive growth, disease pest is few for the collocation of long, medium and short branch, and pruning rate is light, and fruit color is good.Branch is distributed like butterfly shape.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with detailed description of the invention, the application is further explained explanation.
Tree-like being divided into two kinds, in the case of dense planting and thin planting two kinds, two kinds that have separately designed Strobilus Pini shape and shape of holding court from behind a screen the most happily tree-like.
Embodiment 1Strobilus Pini shape, under conditions of using seeding row spacing 2 × 3 meters, trunk height 80-85cm, about height of tree 2.5-3 rice, center do strong uprightly, on it raw 10-15 little major branch, spirally arrange, it is spaced 15-20 centimetre, major branch length 100 cm, at homonymy neighbouring major branch spacing more than 50 centimetres, major branch and trunk mitogenetic angle 110-120 degree, on major branch directly raw fruit-bearing shoot cluster, do not stay back branch.On described major branch directly raw middle-size and small-size fruit-bearing shoot cluster, distance keeps 25-30cm.Its branch is than for 0.3-0.4:1.
nullThe pruning method that Strobilus Pini shape is tree-like,When First Year east is cut,It is thinning out the branch within 70 centimetres of ground,Major branch and the center dry extending head not cutting back that length is more than 50 centimetres,Delay without exception and put,The term of office grows naturally,Second Year summer is when whole plant height reaches about 2.5 meters,By dry for center extending head pinching or the head that falls,The young sprout occurred is taken branch or draws branch,Angle 110-120 degree,The back branch being thinning out on the major branch of bottom,Thorax illumination in improving,The height of tree is made to control at about 2.5 meters,Major branch quantity 10-15,Strobilus Pini shape is tree-like has cultivated in two years,Middle-size and small-size fruit-bearing shoot cluster distance keeps 25-30cm,It is updated rejuvenation in time,Remove the back prosperous tip summer in time,Improve thorax illumination,Major branch length 80 cm,The angle of branch carries out raising tip angle time bigger than normal in time later,Keep certain branch posture;Ensure branch ratio, to be adjusted in time when major branch is crossed thick, it is ensured that the advantage that center leader is dry.
Embodiment 2Hold court from behind a screen the most happily shape, under conditions of seeding row spacing 3 × 4 meters, trunk height 50-60cm, height of tree 2.6-3 rice, 3, major branch, major branch angle 50-60 degree defines large, medium and small fruit-bearing shoot cluster on major branch, is distributed larger result branch group at major branch base portion to upper left side 50cm and right side 80cm, is distributed medium-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster at major branch base portion to upper left side 1.0m and right side 1.3m, the branch group of each major branch is arranged in order, and forming curtain falling type fruit-bearing shoot cluster, major branch back does not stay branch, keeps major branch head advantage.The large, medium and small fruit-bearing shoot cluster length defined on described major branch is respectively 50-80cm, 20-49.9cm, below 19.9cm.20-25cm it is spaced between described medium and small fruit-bearing shoot cluster.25-30cm it is spaced between described larger result branch group.Described larger result branch group holds court from behind a screen length and ground at a distance of 0.4-0.5m.
The pruning method that shape of holding court from behind a screen the most happily is tree-like, first has to keep the tip advantage of major branch, major branch head to use slow putting, and single head runs, and the most not cutting back, major branch length is maintained at about 2.2 meters;Remove the branch of excessive growth of major branch back, vertical branch, and remove prosperous branch thicker under the back of the body, stay plagiotropic growth, horizontal branch;Determine the distribution of large-scale and medium-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster, and the small-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster of reasonable disposition, it is ensured that large-scale hold court from behind a screen fruitful branch group length and ground at a distance of being advisable at 0.4-0.5m, the large, medium and small type branch group in branch group keeps certain distance, and branch group to be evenly distributed.
It addition, full branch strip adoption is to delay, mitigation combines, and more weak withe removes in time, keeps all kinds of branch strong and the most prosperous, dilute and have away from, the golden mean of the Confucian school does not wanes;In cultivation, long fruit branch is as target, increases the quantity of raw multiple bud Fruit branch, to improve yield and fruit quality.The major branch head that angle is downward is bounced back elevation angle in time, keeps on top.To integrate in time for weak branch group, carry out the fixed direction allocation of nutrition, improve the quality of all kinds of branch, ensure the base portion not baldness of branch, it is ensured that branch group spacing, see light to lopwood, improving tree body photosynthetic efficiency, carry out spring pruning in time, the summer cuts and fall pruning, the winter cuts and only accounts for about the 20% of annual pruning rate.
The above; it is only the present invention preferably detailed description of the invention; but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto; any those familiar with the art is in the technical scope of present disclosure; according to technical scheme and inventive concept equivalent or change in addition thereof, all should contain within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a peach tree is tree-like, it is characterised in that under conditions of using seeding row spacing 2 × 3 meters, trunk height 80-85cm, about height of tree 2.5-3 rice, center do strong uprightly, on it raw 10-15 little major branch, spiral arrangement, is spaced 15-20 centimetre, major branch length 100 cm, homonymy neighbouring major branch spacing more than 50 centimetres, major branch and trunk mitogenetic angle 110-120 degree, on major branch directly raw fruit-bearing shoot cluster, do not stay back branch.
Peach tree the most according to claim 1 is tree-like, it is characterised in that on major branch directly raw middle-size and small-size fruit-bearing shoot cluster, distance keeps 25-30cm.
Peach tree the most according to claim 1 is tree-like, it is characterised in that branch is than for 0.3-0.4:1.
null4. the pruning method that peach tree as described in any one of claim 1-3 is tree-like,It is characterized in that,When First Year east is cut,It is thinning out the branch within 70 centimetres of ground,Major branch and the center dry extending head not cutting back that length is more than 50 centimetres,Delay without exception and put,The term of office grows naturally,Second Year summer is when whole plant height reaches about 2.5 meters,By dry for center extending head pinching or the head that falls,The young sprout occurred is taken branch or draws branch,Angle 110-120 degree,The back branch being thinning out on the major branch of bottom,Thorax illumination in improving,The height of tree is made to control at about 2.5 meters,Major branch quantity 10-15,Strobilus Pini shape is tree-like has cultivated in two years,Middle-size and small-size fruit-bearing shoot cluster distance keeps 25-30cm,It is updated rejuvenation in time,Remove the back prosperous tip summer in time,Improve thorax illumination,Major branch length 80 cm,The angle of branch carries out raising tip angle time bigger than normal in time later,Keep certain branch posture;Ensure branch ratio, to be adjusted in time when major branch is crossed thick, it is ensured that the advantage that center leader is dry.
5. a peach tree is tree-like, it is characterised in that under conditions of seeding row spacing 3 × 4 meters, trunk height 50-60cm, height of tree 2.6-3 rice, 3, major branch, major branch angle 50-60 degree defines large, medium and small fruit-bearing shoot cluster on major branch, it is distributed larger result branch group to upper left side 50cm and right side 80cm at major branch base portion, being distributed medium-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster at major branch base portion to upper left side 1.0m and right side 1.3m, the branch group of each major branch is arranged in order, and forms curtain falling type fruit-bearing shoot cluster, major branch back does not stay branch, keeps major branch head advantage.
Peach tree the most according to claim 5 is tree-like, it is characterised in that the large, medium and small fruit-bearing shoot cluster length defined on major branch is respectively 50-80cm, 20-49.9cm, below 19.9cm.
Peach tree the most according to claim 5 is tree-like, it is characterised in that be spaced 20-25cm between medium and small fruit-bearing shoot cluster.
Peach tree the most according to claim 5 is tree-like, it is characterised in that be spaced 25-30cm between larger result branch group.
9. tree-like according to the peach tree described in claim 5 or 8, it is characterised in that larger result branch group holds court from behind a screen length and ground at a distance of 0.4-0.5m.
10. the pruning method that peach tree as described in any one of claim 5-8 is tree-like, it is characterised in that first having to keep the tip advantage of major branch, major branch head to use slow putting, single head runs, and the most not cutting back, major branch length is maintained at about 2.2 meters;Remove the branch of excessive growth of major branch back, vertical branch, and remove prosperous branch thicker under the back of the body, stay plagiotropic growth, horizontal branch;Determine the distribution of large-scale and medium-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster, and the small-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster of reasonable disposition, it is ensured that large-scale hold court from behind a screen fruitful branch group length and ground at a distance of being advisable at 0.4-0.5m, the large, medium and small type branch group in branch group keeps certain distance, and branch group to be evenly distributed.
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Cited By (4)
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CN109220304A (en) * | 2018-09-26 | 2019-01-18 | 濮阳市林业科学院 | Three major branch peach are tree-like and pruning method |
CN110178632A (en) * | 2019-06-27 | 2019-08-30 | 河北农业大学 | Nutrition dispersing and slow-releasing pruning method for mature peach trees |
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CN109220304A (en) * | 2018-09-26 | 2019-01-18 | 濮阳市林业科学院 | Three major branch peach are tree-like and pruning method |
CN109220304B (en) * | 2018-09-26 | 2022-01-18 | 濮阳市林业科学院 | Three-main-branch peach tree form and pruning method |
CN110178632A (en) * | 2019-06-27 | 2019-08-30 | 河北农业大学 | Nutrition dispersing and slow-releasing pruning method for mature peach trees |
CN110178632B (en) * | 2019-06-27 | 2021-08-27 | 河北农业大学 | Nutrition dispersing and slow-releasing pruning method for mature peach trees |
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