CN110178632B

CN110178632B - Nutrition dispersing and slow-releasing pruning method for mature peach trees

Info

Publication number: CN110178632B
Application number: CN201910569931.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈海江; 张学英; 曹洪波; 韩艳; 张鹤; 邸葆; 宫彬彬; 郝丽红; 柳俊明; 王立成; 李清泉; 张世栋
Original assignee: Hebei Agricultural University
Current assignee: Hebei Agricultural University
Priority date: 2019-06-27
Filing date: 2019-06-27
Publication date: 2021-08-27
Anticipated expiration: 2039-06-27
Also published as: CN110178632A

Abstract

The invention discloses a nutrition dispersing and slow releasing pruning method for mature peach trees, which is characterized in that annual bearing branches are not cut short when the bearing branches of the mature peach trees are selected and retained in winter, the bearing branches are mainly retained at other parts except for skeleton branches and long bearing branches retained at the branch heads of bearing branch groups larger than 30 cm, and the branch retaining amount after pruning is 2-2.5 ten thousand/mu. The peach tree pruning machine can realize dispersed nutrition, control vigorous growth, reduce winter pruning amount and summer pruning amount and reduce the labor for pruning by over 40 percent when being applied to peach tree pruning.

Description

Nutrition dispersing and slow-releasing pruning method for mature peach trees

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree planting, in particular to a nutrition dispersing and slow-releasing pruning method for mature peach trees.

Background

In recent years, the pruning mode of fruit branches in peach production is mainly long-tip pruning. The long-shoot pruning is a bearing branch processing method which does not cut off annual bearing branches, selects and retains long bearing branches for bearing, and completely thins and removes the rest bearing branches. When long tips are pruned, the branch retention density is generally 1 long bearing branch per 15-20 cm of the skeleton branch and the large bearing branch group, the distance between the bearing branches on the same side is generally more than 40 cm, and the branch retention amount of the whole tree is 50-60% of that of the traditional short-cut pruning method. The length of the bearing branches reserved by long-tip pruning is 40-60 cm. Medium and long branches shorter than 40 cm and overgrowth fruit branches larger than 60 cm are uniformly thinned in principle under the condition that the number of the branches of the tree body is enough, but some short fruit branches (smaller than 5 cm) and bouquet-shaped fruit branches can be properly reserved. The branch retaining amount per unit area after pruning is 0.8-1.2 ten thousand per mu.

However, the pruning method has less branch remaining amount and large pruning amount in winter, but no suitable machine for replacing manual pruning at present causes large labor intensity and high cost for fruit growers; and the yield is low, which causes the growth in summer and increases the summer shear.

Therefore, the problem to be solved by the technical personnel in the field is how to provide a peach tree winter pruning method with high yield and low cost.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the invention provides a nutrition dispersion and slow release pruning method for mature peach trees.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a nutrition dispersing and slow releasing pruning method for mature peach trees is characterized in that the annual bearing branches are not cut short when the bearing branches of the mature peach trees are selected and left in winter, except for bone trunk branches and long bearing branches at the branch heads of bearing branch groups larger than 30 cm, the middle-short bearing branches are mainly left at other parts, and the branch remaining amount after pruning is 2-2.5 ten thousand/mu.

Preferably, the proportion of the various branches to the total branch remaining amount after pruning is as follows: 3-5% of over-long branches with the length of more than 60 cm, 15-25% of long branches with the length of 30-60 cm, 30-40% of middle branches with the length of 15-30 cm, 25-30% of short branches with the length of 5-15 cm and 15-20% of bunch-shaped branches with the length of less than 5 cm.

Preferably, for the variety with upright tree posture, oblique branches or horizontal branches are mainly reserved; for the variety with open tree vigor, oblique branches are mainly reserved, horizontal branches are reserved in the 1/5 area at the upper part of the trunk branches of the tree body, and middle long branches are reserved at the back upper part of the 1/3 area at the lower part of the trunk branches of the tree body.

Preferably, for peach trees with vigorous growth and high proportion of long branches, the tree vigor is promoted to be alleviated, branch class conversion is promoted by releasing medium-grade bearing branches, and more medium-short bearing branches are formed as soon as possible; meanwhile, the branch remaining amount is corresponding to a pollenless variety, and a variety which is easy to drop fruits before deep picking in a stem depression is increased in short branch proportion and total branch amount, and the total branch amount is increased by 15% -20% compared with that of a common variety.

Compared with long-tip pruning, the branch remaining amount is increased by 2-3 times, and the method has the advantages of dispersing nutrition, controlling vigorous growth, reducing winter pruning amount and summer pruning amount, and reducing the pruning labor by more than 40%.

The investigation finds that the medium and short fruit branches are adopted for fruiting, and the fruit branches have large branch remaining amount, multiple growing points and relatively dispersed nutrition, so that the long branch amount in the growing season is reduced, the pruning amount in summer can be reduced, the medium and short branch updating capability is improved, the tree body illumination condition is improved, and the fruit quality is improved.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1

Variety: baojiahong, wild peach, late middle 7 months of maturity, tree age: growing for 9-11 years, planting in Tanbai fish village in Shuiping county in Hebei province, adopting a nutrition dispersion slow-release pruning method, not cutting short bearing branches for one year when bearing branches of peach trees are selected and left in winter, leaving long bearing branches at other parts except bone trunk branches and branch heads of bearing branch groups more than 30 centimeters, mainly leaving medium and short bearing branches, and keeping the branch quantity of 2.35-2.50 ten thousand per mu after pruning.

The proportion of various branches to the total branch remaining amount after pruning is as follows: 3.2 to 4.3 percent of over-long branches with the diameter of more than 60 cm, 18.5 to 22.7 percent of long branches with the diameter of 30 to 60 cm, 32.5 to 34.9 percent of middle branches with the diameter of 15 to 30 cm, 27.8 to 30.0 percent of short branches with the diameter of 5 to 15 cm and 18.0 to 20.0 percent of bunch-shaped branches with the diameter of less than 5 cm.

The Baokuhong is a species with a more open tree posture, and mainly comprises oblique branches, horizontal branches are selected and reserved in the 1/5 area at the upper part of trunk branches of a tree body, and middle long branches are selected and reserved at the upper part of the back of the 1/3 area at the lower part of the trunk branches of the tree body.

The red pollen-free tea is good, fruits are easy to drop before deep picking in a stem depression, the short branch proportion and the total branch amount are increased during pruning, and the total branch amount is increased by 15-20% compared with that of common varieties.

Example 2

Variety: early growth in the warehouse, wild peach, late 7 months of maturity, tree age: growing for 13-15 years, planting in Zhonglonghuacun of deep Zhou of Hebei province, adopting a nutrition dispersion slow-release pruning method, not cutting short bearing branches of one year when bearing branches of peach trees are selected and retained in winter, leaving medium and short bearing branches as main parts at other parts except bone branches and long bearing branches at the branch heads of bearing branch groups more than 30 centimeters, and keeping the branch quantity after pruning to be 2.19-2.32 ten thousand per mu.

The proportion of various branches to the total branch remaining amount after pruning is as follows: 3.0-3.5% of over-long branches with the length of more than 60 cm, 18.9-24.5% of long branches with the length of 30-60 cm, 29.5-32.9% of middle branches with the length of 15-30 cm, 27.4-29.3% of short branches with the length of 5-15 cm and 15.9-16.0% of bunch-shaped branches with the length of less than 5 cm.

The storehouse is grown early and is a variety with upright tree posture, the growth vigor is vigorous, the proportion of growing branches is high, and oblique growing branches or horizontal branches are mainly reserved during pruning; meanwhile, the mild tree vigor is promoted, and branch transformation is promoted by slowly releasing medium-sized bearing branches to form more medium-short bearing branches.

Comparative example 1

Variety: baojiahong, wild peach, late middle 7 months of maturity, tree age: growing for 9-11 years, planting in the south Taiyucun of Shunping county in Hebei province, and pruning by using a long tip pruning method, wherein the branch remaining amount after pruning is 1.02-1.47 ten thousand per mu.

Comparative example 2

Variety: early growth in the warehouse, wild peach, late 7 months of maturity, tree age: growing for 13-15 years, planting in Zhonglong Huacun of deep State of Hebei province, and pruning by long-shoot pruning, wherein the branch remaining amount after pruning is 0.80-1.40 ten thousand per mu.

The amount of trimming labor and the yield per mu were compared in examples 1 to 2 and comparative examples 1 to 2, and the results are shown in Table 1.

Table 1: amount of trimming labor and yield per mu for examples 1 to 2 and comparative examples 1 to 2

As can be seen from table 1: the labor consumption for pruning the peach trees trimmed by the nutrition dispersion slow-release trimming method is obviously reduced compared with that of the peach trees trimmed by the long-tip trimming method, but the yield per mu is greatly improved.

The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.

The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A nutrition dispersing and slow releasing pruning method for mature peach trees is characterized in that the annual bearing branches are not cut short when the bearing branches of the mature peach trees are selected and left in winter, except for skeleton branches and long bearing branches left at the branch heads of bearing branch groups of more than 30 centimeters, the remaining medium and short bearing branches are taken as main parts of other parts, and the branch remaining amount after pruning is 2-2.5 ten thousand per mu; the proportion of various branches to the total branch remaining amount after pruning is as follows: 3-5% of over-long branches with the length of more than 60 cm, 15-25% of long branches with the length of 30-60 cm, 30-40% of middle branches with the length of 15-30 cm, 25-30% of short branches with the length of 5-15 cm and 15-20% of bunch-shaped branches with the length of less than 5 cm;

for the species with upright tree postures, oblique branches or horizontal branches are mainly reserved; for the variety with open tree vigor, oblique branches are mainly reserved, horizontal branches are reserved in the 1/5 area at the upper part of the trunk branches of the tree body, and middle long branches are reserved at the back upper part of the 1/3 area at the lower part of the trunk branches of the tree body;

for peach trees with vigorous growth and high proportion of long branches, the reduction of the tree vigor is promoted, the branch class conversion is promoted by slowly releasing medium-grade bearing branches, and more medium-short bearing branches are formed as soon as possible; meanwhile, the branch remaining amount is corresponding to a pollenless variety, and a variety which is easy to drop fruits before deep picking in a stem depression is increased in short branch proportion and total branch amount, and the total branch amount is increased by 15% -20% compared with that of a common variety.