CN108157002B - Method for cultivating third batch of fruiting in south fresh-eating grape year - Google Patents
Method for cultivating third batch of fruiting in south fresh-eating grape year Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method of three batches of fruit bearing of south fresh grapes in one year, which comprises the following steps: fruiting branches with the thickness of 0.89-1.8 cm on early-medium-maturing varieties are selected, and the grapes can be fruited in three batches in one year by corresponding technical means of strengthening fertilizer water management, multi-time pinching technical treatment, assisting in PBO fruit tree promotion and control agent spraying for accelerating germination and inducing flower, strengthening flowering period management, fruit thinning, fruit setting management of fruit strengthening technology and the like; the method has the advantages of staggering the intensive sale season of the grape fruits, widening the sale period, better relieving the problem of overstocked and unsalable grapes in the market, balancing the market supply, lightening the pressure of mutual price-pressing sales promotion, correspondingly improving the input-output ratio of fruit growers and increasing the income of the fruit growers.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a cultivation management technology of fruits, in particular to a method for cultivating and managing grapes for bearing fruits for multiple times, and specifically relates to a method for cultivating third batch of bearing fruits in a southern fresh-eating grape year.
Background
The grape is one of the favorite fruits because of high nutritive value and sweet and sour taste. In recent years, in the south of China, the planting area is rapidly increased under the effective guidance of governments and the pursuit of investors. Grapes are generally sold in 7-9 months in China in the south, but for example, in Jian area of Jiangxi province, grapes are eaten fresh, early-maturing varieties generally bloom in 4 months, the early-maturing varieties can be sold in the market after about 6 months and 20 days, and the growth period of the grapes is about 80 days; the medium-maturing variety begins to bloom generally in the late ten days of 4 months, can be sold in 20 days of 7 months or so, and the growing period of the fruit is about 100 days or so; the late-maturing variety is usually beginning to bloom in late ten days of 4 months, can be on the market around the middle of 8 months, and the growing period of the fruit is about 125 days. Therefore, the concentrated marketing time of the fresh grapes is three months, the fresh grapes are extremely easy to overstock and lose sales in a short time, and the embarrassment of low price and hurting farmers is easily caused, and the production enthusiasm of growers is greatly influenced. In order to change the centralized marketing of grape fruits and expand the marketing time of the grape fruits, most of technicians in the industry put forward and go back to market for cultivating early-maturing or more early-maturing and late-maturing or more late-maturing varieties, so that the varieties can be dispersed in the marketing period, the price of the grape fruits is stabilized, and the income of fruit growers is stabilized. However, regardless of the excellent variety, the fruit is usually fruited in batches every year. In order to expand the grape selling season, improve the input-output ratio and increase the income of fruit growers, in recent years, two batches of technical fruit bearing achievements in one year already appear through experimental research by technicians in the industry. For example, the national patent office published under publication No. CN 107360936A on 2017.11.21 date discloses "a cultivation method for seedless planting and harvesting grapes twice a year". It should be said that fruit bearing in two batches is a great improvement over fruit bearing in one batch, but the time for fruit bearing in two batches to be sold falls into the concentrated selling time period of 7-9 months, the strong selling season is not staggered, and the problem of widening the selling time period or relieving overstocked and unsaled grapes in the market is not solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that the fresh-eating grapes in south China are sold in the market in 7-9 months each year, so that the problems of overstock, sale delay, mutual price increase and low cost damage to farmers are caused, and the third batch of fruiting cultivation method in the fresh-eating grape year in south China is provided for expanding the marketing period of grapes and improving the annual input-output ratio of fruit farmers.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows:
the cultivation method of the third batch of fruit bearing in the south fresh-eating grape year comprises the following steps:
1. variety selection: selecting early-maturing or early-medium-maturing varieties;
2. selecting flower inducing branches:
in order to not influence fruit bearing in the next year, prepared branches, namely four branches nearest to a main rod, are not selected in the next year, and the thickness of mother branches of other results can be selected to be 0.89-1.8 cm;
when early summer buds exist on the selected branches, the tops of 13 leaf nodes to 16 leaf nodes are interrupted to pick off, and the other auxiliary tips are all erased, when winter buds exist on the selected branches, the tops of 6 leaf nodes to 8 leaf nodes are interrupted to pick off, and the other auxiliary tips are all erased, and 250 times of PBO fruit tree promoting and controlling agent is used for carrying out leaf spraying on the germinated branches;
3. accelerating germination and inducing flower:
firstly, when the stock of mature grape fruits on the tree body is about 20%, the weight ratio of the mature grape fruits to the grape fruit trees is 0.5: 0.3: 0.2 of 15 percent nitrogen, 15 percent phosphorus and 15 percent potassium are mixed with 750 grams of the mixture per plant;
② for the branches selected in the step 2, using 50% cyanamide according to the weight ratio of 10: 250, smearing terminal buds with aqueous solution; the soil humidity should be kept about 80%; after 15 days, when the germinated branches reach 6 leaves, the top is cut off and the core is picked, and the germinated branches are sprayed with 500 times of the PBO fruit tree promoting and controlling agent on the leaf surfaces, and after 5 days, the fruit trees are sprayed according to the weight ratio of 0.5: 0.3: 0.2 of 15 percent nitrogen, 15 percent phosphorus and 15 percent potassium are mixed and applied at 450 g per plant;
thirdly, repeatedly pinching the auxiliary tips of the flower inducing branches by 2 leaves to promote the flower inducing tender branches to be aged and lignified and bud eyes to be aged and delay the top bud to germinate, so that the flower formation has sufficient time for nutrient accumulation, and the inflorescence flowering is accelerated;
4. and (3) flowering management:
picking off the core of a leaf on the flower of a branch when the inflorescence is differentiated by one fourth;
when the daily temperature reaches about 28 ℃, when inflorescences open one fifth, soaking the inflorescences by using a mixed solution of 1 g of 0.1 percent forchlorfenuron and 1000 g of aqueous solution, 1 g of 20 percent gibberellic acid and 4000 g of aqueous solution and 1 g of 72 percent agricultural streptomycin and 3000 g of aqueous solution;
③ preventing infectious germs: spraying a mixed solution of 66.8 percent of moldidol, 1 g, 1000 g of aqueous solution and 40 percent of pyrimethanil, 1 g, 1000 g of aqueous solution within 12 hours after flower soaking;
5. fruit setting management:
fruit thinning: when the formed fruit shape appears, thinning the fruit in time, and keeping 100 plus 120 grains for each ear;
② cultivating and strengthening fruits: for fruit trees, the weight ratio is 0.5: 0.5 of 15 percent phosphorus content and 15 percent potassium content, and 500 grams of mixture is applied to each plant;
third, sun burn prevention: when the daily temperature reaches above 30 ℃, the fruits are bagged, so that the fruits are prevented from being burned by strong sunlight.
As a complement to the above technical solution:
in the step 2, when the daily temperature is continuously maintained above 29 ℃, the leaves of the germinated branches need to be sprayed with 250 times of the PBO fruit tree control promoter, aiming at promoting the flower bud differentiation.
In the step 3, in the process of germination accelerating and flower luring, if the daily temperature reaches above 32 ℃, and flower luring is unsuccessful for the first time, the top of the tender secondary tips at the top 4-5 leaf nodes is intermittently picked, flower luring is carried out for the second time, and then 50% cyanamide is used according to the weight ratio of 10: 250, smearing terminal buds with aqueous solution; the soil humidity should be kept around 80%.
The invention has the following advantages: 1. the concentrated selling season of the grape fruits is staggered, the third batch of grape fruits can be sold in 11-12 months, the selling time period is widened, and the problem of overstocked and lost grapes in the market is well solved. 2. Due to the staggered sale season, the market supply is balanced, the pressure of mutual price-pressing promotion is reduced, the price of the grapes is kept in a balanced state, the input-output ratio of fruit growers is correspondingly improved, and the income of the fruit growers is increased.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to specific embodiments:
the cultivation method of the third batch of fruit bearing in the south fresh-eating grape year comprises the following steps:
1. variety selection: selecting early summer, summer black, Zuijinxiang, giant rose early maturing or early medium maturing varieties;
2. selecting flower inducing branches:
in order to not influence fruit bearing in the next year, prepared branches for fruit bearing in the next year, namely four branches nearest to the main rod, are not selected, and the thickness of mother branches of other results can be selected to be 0.89-1.8 cm;
when early summer buds exist on the selected branches, the 13-16 leaf nodes are intermittently topped and pinched, and the other secondary tips are completely removed; when the temperature reaches above 28 ℃, spraying 250 times of the PBO fruit tree promoting and controlling agent on the leaves of the germinated branches, wherein the aim is to promote the differentiation of flower buds, when winter buds exist on the selected branches, the tops of 6-8 leaf nodes of the branches are interrupted to pick off the cores, the rest auxiliary tips are all removed, and spraying 250 times of the PBO fruit tree promoting and controlling agent on the leaves of the germinated branches, wherein the aim is to promote the differentiation of the flower buds;
3. accelerating germination and inducing flower:
firstly, when the stock of mature grape fruits on the tree body is about 20%, the weight ratio of the mature grape fruits on the tree body to the grape fruit trees is 0.5: 0.3: 0.2 g of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are mixed for each plant by 250 g respectively, so that the tree body is recovered to be strong;
② for the branches selected in the step 2, using 50% cyanamide according to the weight ratio of 10: 250, smearing terminal buds with aqueous solution; the soil humidity should be kept about 80%; after 15 days, when the germinated branches reach 6 leaves, the top is cut off and the core is picked, and the germinated branches are sprayed with 500 times of the PBO fruit tree promoting and controlling agent on the leaf surfaces, so that the aim of inhibiting the spindling of new shoots is fulfilled, and after 5 days, the fruit trees are sprayed with the PBO fruit tree promoting and controlling agent according to the weight ratio of 0.5: 0.3: 0.2 of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are mixed/applied to each plant; the aim is to promote the quality of young shoots and flowers to be robust;
thirdly, repeatedly pinching the secondary tips of the flower-inducing branches by 2 leaves to promote the aging lignification and bud eye aging of the flower-inducing tender branches and delay the germination of terminal buds, so that sufficient time is provided for nutrition accumulation during flower formation, the phenomenon that the top ends of the branches generate flower rushing due to high temperature can be avoided, and the flowering of inflorescences can be accelerated;
fourthly, when the temperature reaches above 32 ℃ and the first flower trapping is unsuccessful, intermittently topping and pinching 4-5 leaf nodes of tender secondary tips at the top, carrying out second flower trapping, and then carrying out the following steps of using 50% cyanamide according to the weight ratio of 10: 250, smearing terminal buds with aqueous solution; the soil humidity should be kept about 80%;
4. and (3) flowering management:
firstly, when one fourth of inflorescence differentiation is completed, one leaf pinching is left on the flower;
when the daily temperature reaches about 28 ℃, when inflorescences open one fifth, 1 g of 0.1 percent forchlorfenuron is mixed with 1000 g of aqueous solution, 1 g of 20 percent gibberellic acid is mixed with 4000 g of aqueous solution and 1 g of 72 percent agricultural streptomycin is mixed with 3000 g of aqueous solution to soak the inflorescences once, so that the phenomena of flower and fruit falling are reduced, and the inflorescences are elongated;
thirdly, spraying a mixed solution of 66.8 percent of moldedox, 1 g, 1000 g of aqueous solution and 40 percent of pyrimethanil, 1 g, 1000 g of aqueous solution within 12 hours after flower soaking in the step 4 to wet inflorescences and leaves, so as to prevent the inflorescences and fruits from being infected by mold and reduce flower and fruit dropping;
5. fruit setting management:
fruit thinning: when the formed fruit shape appears, thinning the fruit, and reserving 100-120 grains in each cluster;
② cultivating and strengthening fruits: for fruit trees, the weight ratio is 0.5: 0.5 g of phosphorus and potassium are mixed for each plant, wherein each plant is applied with 300 g of phosphorus and potassium; the purpose is to promote the fruit to expand rapidly;
third, sun burn prevention: when the daily temperature reaches more than 30 ℃, the fruits are bagged, so that the fruits are prevented from being burned by strong sunlight;
fourthly, early film covering and shed sealing are important: covering a film for rain sheltering in the induction period of open-air cultivation, starting shed sealing management when fruit grains in the field of simple shed management reach 4 g, opening the shed for ventilation when the temperature in the shed is higher than thirty ℃, and keeping the shed sealed for heat preservation at night, wherein potassium fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer management is regarded as important.
It is further added that the grape growth, flowering and fruiting are greatly affected by factors such as weather, climate, plant diseases and insect pests, fertilizer and water during artificial management and cultivation, and the result may be unsatisfactory after the above technical measures are adopted. Here again, it should be emphasized that: selecting flower-inducing branches: the pre-branches for bearing fruit in the last year from the trunk are removed from the branches, and the rest branches can induce fruit. Early summer bud trapping flower is generally selected between 13-16 leaf nodes, winter bud trapping flower is generally selected between 6-8 leaf nodes, most over 9 leaves are managed roughly or repeatedly picked to sprout winter buds, and the probability of flower formation of the germinated winter buds is zero. Managing fertilizer and water: the flower induction of the third fruiting is to induce the flower and fruit setting again on the basis of the large amount of nutrition consumed by the tree body, the key of the flower induction success of sufficient water and fertilizer is emphasized, the base fertilizer of the tree before the bud eyes are forced to germinate is mixed with a proper amount of magnesium fertilizer by diazo, medium phosphorus and medium potassium, the leaf fertilizer is mainly high-phosphorus and is supplemented by all elements. After flower induction is successful, medium nitrogen, medium phosphorus and medium potassium are taken as main materials, and after fruit setting and fruit swelling, potassium fertilizer is taken as a main material. Managing the flower-inducing branch tips. Late summer shoots are 15-20 days before flower luring, and two to three times of pinching is carried out to main shoots on the nodes that fruit bearing positions do not germinate, and the vice shoots of summer buds that have germinated in the lower part are all erased simultaneously, and nutrition has naturally concentrated to the summer buds that the top has not germinated, can obtain the inflorescence of better quality, if touch high temperature, can appear not having the inflorescence on the secondary shoot, treat that it opens 4 ~ 5 when leaf, leave 2 ~ 3 leaf pinching again, can obtain the vice shoot result of summer bud secondary. Preparing aged winter bud tips for flower induction, placing two winter buds below 9 leaves, stripping two leaves at the top end after bud eyes are loosened, forcing the winter buds at the top end of the main tips to germinate, and if fertilizer and water are managed in place, obtaining double flowers or double-tip four flowers after secondary branches of the winter buds expose inflorescences. The key point of successful flower induction lies in how to rapidly make tender tips lignified and bud eyes mature, repeated pinching can be carried out by 2 leaves, and the branch maturation and nutrient accumulation can be accelerated by spraying PBO. In order to improve the fruit setting capability, the core of the main tip is picked as soon as possible when the inflorescence is exposed, the germination of the terminal bud is delayed, the flower formation has enough time for nutrition accumulation, the top advantage can be avoided from high-temperature flower washing, and the inflorescence flower division can be accelerated. Managing the fruit setting: the three-time fruit bearing is different from the two-time fruit bearing and fruit retention, the three-time fruit bearing is difficult to flower, has the defects of flower holding, flower falling, fruit falling and rapid fruit falling, is easy to cause flowering in the last night if infected by mould, only more than ten grains are left in the afternoon of tomorrow, the fruit bearing key is to require more than five flowers to start fruit retention, 1 forchlorfenuron and 1 g Qibao are matched with 1.5 kg of water for flower soaking, and the fruit is attached to a bag to avoid sunscald after fruit bearing. And (4) thinning fruits as early as possible within ten days after fruit preservation, and enhancing fertilizer and water management. After thinning fruit, expansion treatment is not carried out, if the yield is pursued, 1 branch of forchlorfenuron and 1 gram of Qibao are mixed with 0.5 kilogram of water to soak fruit, the mature period is delayed by about twenty days. The early covering and sealing of the shed are important: covering a film for rain sheltering in the induction period of open-air cultivation, starting shed sealing management when fruit grains in the field of simple shed management reach 4 g, opening the shed for ventilation when the temperature in the shed is higher than thirty ℃, and keeping the shed sealed for heat preservation at night, wherein potassium fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer management is regarded as important.
Example one
The test field is one with the area of 1.1 mu, and the variety is black in early summer and the fruit trees are cultivated for two years. And (3) carrying out fruit bearing for the third time, selecting a fruit mother branch with the thickness generally about 1.2 cm, carrying out leaf spraying on the germinated branch by using 250 times of the PBO fruit tree promoting and controlling agent in 25 days in 7 months, and carrying out top pinching at the 13 leaf node when the branch has early summer buds. When the stock of mature grape fruits on the tree body is 18%, the weight ratio of the mature grape fruits to the mature grape fruits is 0.5: 0.3: 0.2 of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are mixed by 500 g/plant; meanwhile, 50% of cyanamide is used according to the weight ratio of 10: 250, smearing terminal buds with aqueous solution; the soil humidity should be kept about 80%; and (3) cutting off the top and pinching 6 leaf nodes of the germinated branch after 8 months and 10 days, spraying the leaf surface of the germinated branch with 500 times of the PBO fruit tree control promoting agent, and spraying the leaf surface of the germinated branch after 8 months and 15 days, wherein the weight ratio of the PBO fruit tree control promoting agent to the fruit tree is 0.5: 0.3: 0.2 of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are mixed for 250 g/plant; promote the young shoots and flowers to be robust in quality; in 20 days after 8 months, the inflorescence is differentiated by one fourth, and the top breaking and pinching are carried out at one leaf where the branch flowers; soaking inflorescences once by using a mixed solution of 0.1% of forchlorfenuron 1 g, 1000 g of aqueous solution, 20% of gibberellic acid 1 g, 4000 g of aqueous solution and 72% of agricultural streptomycin 1 g, 3000 g of aqueous solution on 21 days after 8 months to reduce flower and fruit dropping and elongate inflorescences; spraying a mixed solution of 66.8 percent of moldedodes, 1 g of 1000 g of aqueous solution and 40 percent of pyrimethanil, 1 g of 1000 g of aqueous solution within 12 hours to wet inflorescences and leaves so as to prevent the inflorescences and fruits from infecting molds and reduce flower and fruit dropping; thinning fruits at 28 days in 8 months, and reserving 100-120 grains in each cluster; 8, 29 months and 0.5 percent of fruit tree by weight: 0.5 of phosphorus and potassium are mixed for 500 g per plant; to promote the fruit to expand rapidly; and the fruits are bagged, so that the fruits are prevented from being burned by strong sunlight. The first batch of fruits are picked in 29 days of 10 months, and finally, all the fruits are picked in 20 days of 11 months, the yield is 3000 jin, the price is 4.5 yuan/jin on average, and the income per mu is 13500 yuan.
Example two
And (3) cultivating the fruit trees in a test field with the area of 0.8 mu and variety Zuijinxiang for three years. And (3) carrying out fruit bearing for the third time, wherein the thickness of the mother branches is generally about 1.4 cm, and the top pinching is interrupted at 13 leaf nodes at 28 days in 7 months, and carrying out leaf spraying on the germinated branches by using the 250-time PBO fruit tree promoting and controlling agent, wherein the branches have early summer buds. When the stock of the second batch of ripe grapes on the tree body is 23%, the ratio of the ripe grapes to the ripe grapes is 0.5: 0.3: 0.2 of 15 percent nitrogen, 15 percent phosphorus and 15 percent potassium are mixed by 250 grams respectively per plant; meanwhile, 50% of cyanamide is used according to the weight ratio of 10: 250, smearing terminal buds with aqueous solution; the soil humidity should be kept about 80%; and (3) cutting off the top and pinching 6 leaf nodes of the germinated branch in 8 months and 15 days, spraying the leaf surface of the germinated branch with 500 times of the PBO fruit tree control promoting agent, and spraying the leaf surface of the germinated branch in 20 days in 8 months, and then spraying the fruit tree with the PBO fruit tree control promoting agent according to the weight ratio of 0.5: 0.3: 0.2 of 15 percent nitrogen, 15 percent phosphorus and 15 percent potassium are mixed and applied at 450 g per plant; promote the young shoots and flowers to be robust in quality; on 23 days after 8 months, the inflorescence is divided into one fourth, and the top breaking and pinching are carried out at one leaf on the flowering branch; soaking inflorescences once by using a mixed solution of 0.1% of forchlorfenuron 1 g, 1000 g of aqueous solution, 20% of gibberellic acid 1 g, 4000 g of aqueous solution and 72% of agricultural streptomycin 1 g, 3000 g of aqueous solution on 25 days after 8 months to reduce flower and fruit dropping and elongate inflorescences; spraying a mixed solution of 66.8 percent of moldedodes, 1 g of 1000 g of aqueous solution and 40 percent of pyrimethanil, 1 g of 1000 g of aqueous solution within 12 hours to wet inflorescences and leaves so as to prevent the inflorescences and fruits from infecting molds and reduce flower and fruit dropping; thinning fruits within 30 days after 8 months, and reserving 100-120 grains in each cluster; 8, 29 months and 0.5 percent of fruit tree by weight: 0.5 g of phosphorus and potassium are mixed for each plant, wherein each plant is applied with 300 g of phosphorus and potassium; to promote the fruit to expand rapidly; and the fruits are bagged, so that the fruits are prevented from being burned by strong sunlight. The first batch of fruits are picked in 6 days of 11 months, and finally, all the fruits are picked in 29 days of 11 months, so that the yield is 2600 jin, the price is 5 yuan/jin on average, and the income per mu is 13000 yuan.
EXAMPLE III
And (3) planting the fruit trees in the test field with the area of 0.5 mu, and planting the variety Ju Rose in two years. And (3) carrying out fruit bearing for the third time, wherein the thickness of the mother branches is generally about 1.1 cm, and the top pinching is interrupted at 13 leaf nodes in 29 days in 7 months, and carrying out leaf spraying on the germinated branches by using the 250-time PBO fruit tree promoting and controlling agent, wherein the branches have early summer buds. When the stock of mature grape fruits on the tree body is 15%, the weight ratio of the mature grape fruits to the mature grape fruits is 0.5: 0.3: 0.2 of 15 percent nitrogen, 15 percent phosphorus and 15 percent potassium are mixed by 250 grams respectively per plant; meanwhile, 50% of cyanamide is used according to the weight ratio of 10: 250, smearing terminal buds with aqueous solution; the soil humidity should be kept about 80%; and (3) cutting off the top and pinching 6 leaf nodes of the germinated branch in 8 months and 17 days, spraying the leaf surface of the germinated branch with 500 times of the PBO fruit tree control promoting agent, and spraying the leaf surface of the germinated branch in 8 months and 21 days, wherein the weight ratio of the germinated branch to the fruit tree is 0.5: 0.3: 0.2 of 15 percent nitrogen, 15 percent phosphorus and 15 percent potassium are mixed by 150 grams respectively and applied to each plant; promote the young shoots and flowers to be robust in quality; at 26 days 8 months, the inflorescence is divided into a quarter, and the top breaking and pinching are carried out at one leaf on the flowering branch; soaking inflorescences once by using a mixed solution of 0.1% of forchlorfenuron 1 g, 1000 g of aqueous solution, 20% of gibberellic acid 1 g, 4000 g of aqueous solution and 72% of agricultural streptomycin 1 g, 3000 g of aqueous solution on 29 days after 8 months to reduce flower and fruit dropping and elongate inflorescences; spraying a mixed solution of 66.8 percent of moldedodes, 1 g of 1000 g of aqueous solution and 40 percent of pyrimethanil, 1 g of 1000 g of aqueous solution within 12 hours to wet inflorescences and leaves so as to prevent the inflorescences and fruits from infecting molds and reduce flower and fruit dropping; thinning fruits within 7 days after 9 months, and reserving 100-120 grains in each cluster; 9, 8 days, the weight ratio of the fruit trees is 0.5: 0.5 g of phosphorus and potassium are mixed for each plant, wherein each plant is applied with 300 g of phosphorus and potassium; to promote the fruit to expand rapidly; and the fruits are bagged, so that the fruits are prevented from being burned by strong sunlight. The first batch of fruits are picked in 11-month and 18-day, and finally, all the fruits are picked in 12-month and 6-day, the yield is 1500 jin, the price is 5 yuan/jin on average, and the income per mu is 7500 yuan.
The foregoing is a more detailed description of the invention in connection with specific preferred embodiments and it is not intended that the invention be limited to these specific details. For those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, several equivalent substitutions or obvious modifications, which are equivalent in performance or use, without departing from the inventive concept, should be considered to fall within the scope of protection determined by the claims as filed.
Claims (3)
1. A cultivation method for a third batch of fruit bearing in a south fresh-eating grape year comprises the following steps:
(1) and variety selection: selecting early-maturing or early-medium-maturing varieties;
(2) and selecting flower inducing branches:
in order to not influence fruit bearing in the next year, prepared branches, namely four branches nearest to a main rod, are not selected in the next year, and the thickness of mother branches of other results can be selected to be 0.89-1.8 cm;
when early summer buds exist on the selected branches, the tops of 13 leaf nodes to 16 leaf nodes are interrupted to pick off, and the other auxiliary tips are all erased, when winter buds exist on the selected branches, the tops of 6 leaf nodes to 8 leaf nodes are interrupted to pick off, and the other auxiliary tips are all erased, and 250 times of PBO fruit tree promoting and controlling agent is used for carrying out leaf spraying on the germinated branches;
(3) and managing fertilizer and water: the flower induction of the third fruiting is to induce the flower and set the fruit again on the basis of the large amount of nutrition consumed by the tree, the lower sufficient water fertilizer is the key for successful flower induction, the base fertilizer of the tree before bud eyes are forced to germinate is diazo, medium phosphorus and medium potassium mixed magnesium fertilizer, the leaf fertilizer is mainly high phosphorus, and all elements are taken as auxiliary; after flower induction is successful, medium nitrogen, medium phosphorus and medium potassium are taken as main materials, and after fruit setting and fruit swelling, potassium fertilizer is taken as a main material;
(4) accelerating germination and inducing flower:
firstly, when the stock of mature grape fruits on the tree body is about 20%, the weight ratio of the mature grape fruits to the grape fruit trees is 0.5: 0.3: 0.2 of 15 percent nitrogen, 15 percent phosphorus and 15 percent potassium are mixed with 750 grams of the mixture per plant;
② for the branches selected in the step (2), using 50% cyanamide according to the weight ratio of 10: 250, smearing terminal buds with aqueous solution; the soil humidity should be kept about 80%; after 15 days, when the germinated branches reach 6 leaves, the top is cut off and the core is picked, and the germinated branches are sprayed with 500 times of the PBO fruit tree promoting and controlling agent on the leaf surfaces, and after 5 days, the fruit trees are sprayed according to the weight ratio of 0.5: 0.3: 0.2 of 15 percent nitrogen, 15 percent phosphorus and 15 percent potassium are mixed and applied at 450 g per plant;
thirdly, repeatedly pinching the auxiliary tips of the flower inducing branches by 2 leaves to promote the flower inducing tender branches to be aged and lignified and bud eyes to be aged and delay the top bud to germinate, so that the flower formation has sufficient time for nutrient accumulation, and the inflorescence flowering is accelerated;
(5) managing tips of the flower inducing branches: the late summer shoots are positioned on the nodes which are not germinated at the fruit bearing position 15-20 days before flower induction, two to three times of pinching is carried out on the main shoots, meanwhile, the auxiliary shoots of the summer buds which are germinated at the lower part are all erased, and the nutrition is naturally concentrated in the summer buds which are not germinated at the top; when high temperature is met, the secondary shoots have no inflorescence, when 4-5 leaves are spread, 2-3 leaf pinching parts are reserved, and secondary shoot results of summer buds can be obtained; preparing aged winter bud tips for flower induction, placing two winter buds below 9 leaves, stripping two leaves at the top end after bud eyes are loosened, forcing the winter buds at the top end of the main tips to germinate, managing fertilizer and water in place, and obtaining double flowers or double-tip four flowers after secondary branches of the winter buds expose inflorescences;
(6) and managing the flowering phase:
picking off the core of a leaf on the flower of a branch when the inflorescence is differentiated by one fourth;
when the daily temperature reaches about 28 ℃, when inflorescences open one fifth, soaking the inflorescences by using a mixed solution of 1 g of 0.1 percent forchlorfenuron and 1000 g of aqueous solution, 1 g of 20 percent gibberellic acid and 4000 g of aqueous solution and 1 g of 72 percent agricultural streptomycin and 3000 g of aqueous solution;
③ preventing infectious germs: spraying a mixed solution of 66.8 percent of moldidol, 1 g, 1000 g of aqueous solution and 40 percent of pyrimethanil, 1 g, 1000 g of aqueous solution within 12 hours after flower soaking;
(7) and fruit setting management:
fruit thinning: when the formed fruit shape appears, thinning the fruit in time, and keeping 100 plus 120 grains per spike to strengthen the management of fertilizer and water; after thinning fruits, no expansion treatment is carried out, and when the yield is pursued, 1 branch of forchlorfenuron, 1 g of Qibao and 0.5 kg of water are mixed to soak the fruits;
② cultivating and strengthening fruits: for fruit trees, the weight ratio is 0.5: 0.5 of 15 percent phosphorus content and 15 percent potassium content, and 500 grams of mixture is applied to each plant;
third, sun burn prevention: when the daily temperature reaches more than 30 ℃, the fruits are bagged, so that the fruits are prevented from being burned by strong sunlight;
fourthly, covering a film and sealing a shed in advance: covering a film for rain sheltering in an open cultivation induction period, starting shed sealing management when fruit grains in a simple shed management field reach 4 g, opening the shed for ventilation when the temperature in the shed is higher than thirty ℃, sealing the shed for heat preservation at night, and paying attention to potassium fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer management;
(8) time to market: the third batch of grape fruits was marketed in months 11-12.
2. The method for cultivating fruit bearing of the third batch of southern fresh-eating grapes according to claim 1, wherein during the step of selecting flowering shoots in the step 2, if the daily temperature is continuously maintained above 29 ℃, the germinating shoots need to be sprayed with 250 times of the PBO fruit tree control promoter.
3. The cultivating method of the third batch of fruit bearing in the south fresh-eating grape year as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 4 of germination accelerating and flower inducing, if the daily temperature reaches above 32 ℃ and the first flower inducing is unsuccessful, the top of the top tender secondary tip 4-5 leaf nodes is cut off intermittently, the second flower inducing is carried out, and then 50% cyanamide is added according to the weight ratio of 10: 250, smearing terminal buds with aqueous solution; the soil humidity should be kept around 80%.
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