CN112868514B - Method for repeating flowers produced by butterfly orchid cut peanuts - Google Patents
Method for repeating flowers produced by butterfly orchid cut peanuts Download PDFInfo
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- CN112868514B CN112868514B CN202110028617.4A CN202110028617A CN112868514B CN 112868514 B CN112868514 B CN 112868514B CN 202110028617 A CN202110028617 A CN 202110028617A CN 112868514 B CN112868514 B CN 112868514B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 240000002292 Psychopsis papilio Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 title abstract description 12
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 title abstract description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 43
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 11
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 11
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 241001474374 Blennius Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003958 fumigation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005070 ripening Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 235000017060 Arachis glabrata Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 235000018262 Arachis monticola Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 6
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 241001453636 Salvinia Species 0.000 description 4
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000233855 Orchidaceae Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003716 rejuvenation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009661 flower growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035772 mutation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for repeating the production of cut flowers of butterfly orchid, which belongs to the technical field of the production of cut peanuts of butterfly orchid, and the seedling production stage only needs 12 months under the technical condition of the invention, so that the seedling production stage is shortened by 6 months, and the seedling production efficiency is improved; the seedling obtained by the technology of the invention is 110 plants/square/year, so that the number of mature seedlings obtained per unit greenhouse area is increased by 2.67 times, and the yield is improved; under the prior art condition, the time length of the two-time flower forcing production is 15-16 months, and the time length of the two-time flower forcing production is 12 months by the technical condition of the invention, so that the time length of the two-time flower forcing production is shortened by 3-4 months, the efficiency of the two-time flower forcing is improved, and the production cost is reduced; by the technical scheme of the invention, the number of cut flowers per year in the two flower forcing stages is 1.5 branches, and the number of cut flowers per year in the two flower forcing stages is 2 branches, so that the cut flower yield is increased, and the production profit is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of butterfly orchid cut peanut production, in particular to a method for repeating flowers of butterfly orchid cut peanuts.
Background
The butterfly orchid is of the genus butterfly orchid of the family orchidaceae, is native to subtropical raining areas, and is a parasitic orchid. In the prior art, the production of the butterfly orchid cut peanuts comprises four stages of seedling production, first flower forcing and harvesting, seedling rejuvenation, second flower repeating and harvesting.
The first stage has longer seedling producing process. The butterfly orchid tissue culture seedlings are transplanted to a greenhouse and grow along with the seedlings, and the butterfly orchid tissue culture seedlings are divided into three sub-processes of 1.5 inch, 2.5 inch and 3.5 inch according to the specification of a culture nutrition cup, and the whole growth stage needs 18 months. And in the second stage, flower forcing production is carried out for the first time. Firstly, selecting mature 3.5 inch seedlings with more than 5 mature leaves and full and active root systems, and entering a cold room to promote flower growth. The day temperature is not higher than 25 ℃, and the night temperature is 17-18 ℃, and the bud differentiation, the pedicel growth, the bud setting period and the flowering period are about 6.5 months-7 months in 4 sub-processes. One branch of flower stems is 8 flowers, when the 8 flowers are completely opened, the diameter of the flowers is more than 10cm, and the cut flowers can enter the last stage to be harvested and sold. The whole harvesting process of the first cut flowers is about 23.5 months to 25 months. Because the production period of the butterfly orchid seedlings is longer, a 3.5 inch mature seedling is generally subjected to flower forcing production for more than 2 times in order to improve the utilization rate of the seedlings and reduce the production cost. In order to ensure quality and commodity rate, rejuvenation production is usually carried out for more than 2 months according to the condition of the seedling plant after first cutting, until the seedling plant grows 2 complete leaves, the old leaves are healthy and disease-free, the total leaf number is more than 5 mature leaves, the root system is robust and active, and the cultivation substrate is in a good state. The seedling plant reaching the standard can be subjected to secondary flower-doubling production. The two peanut production promoting periods are 15-16 months. Namely, 1.5 branch cut flowers can be produced annually in the flower forcing stage.
However, according to the prior art, the flower forcing seedling can be obtained for 18 months, and the flower forcing for two times is completed for 15 months to 16 months, and the total yield can reach 33 months to 34 months. Long production time, low turnover rate of the greenhouse and higher production cost.
Disclosure of Invention
Compared with the prior art, the invention aims to provide the method for repeating the production of the cut flowers of the butterfly orchid, which has the advantages that the high-light treatment is carried out in the last month of seedling production, the illumination intensity is improved by 20%, the peanut production period of the cut flowers of the butterfly orchid is shortened, the cost of the cut flowers is reduced, and the yield of the butterfly orchid is improved.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a method for the double flower production of cut butterfly orchid, which comprises the following three steps:
(1) Seedling production: firstly, treating a cultivation medium, wrapping the stem parts of seedlings by using the treated cultivation medium, and planting the seedlings in transparent nutrition cups with corresponding sizes, wherein the height of the cultivation medium is below a waterline; controlling illumination, temperature, humidity and fertilizer water conditions;
(2) Two consecutive flower forcing steps: before each flower forcing, respectively screening seedlings reaching a flower forcing standard, and then controlling the conditions of illumination, temperature, humidity and fertilizer water to carry out flower forcing operation on the seedlings;
(3) And (3) harvesting and packaging: cutting flowers with scissors, performing quality inspection grading treatment after cutting the flowers, and boxing the treated cut flowers according to requirements.
Preferably, the method for the double flower production of the cut butterfly orchid comprises the steps of 1.7 inch seedling production and 3.0 inch seedling production, wherein the method for treating the culture medium during 1.7 inch seedling production and 3.0 inch seedling production is the same; the cultivation medium is sphagna, and the treatment method of the cultivation medium comprises soaking sphagna in 75-85deg.C hot water for 25-35min, washing the sphagna with clear water, cooling, and dehydrating.
Preferably, in the method for repeating the production of the cut butterfly orchid flowers, when the 1.7 inch seedlings are produced in the first step of seedling production, the transplanting standard of bottle seedlings is that 2-3 seedling roots are used, the standard leaves are larger than 4 pieces, and the maximum leaf width is larger than 5cm.
Preferably, in the flowering method for the butterfly orchid cut-flower production, in the step one, when 3.0 inch seedlings are produced in the seedling production, the standard of maturing and changing the 1.7 inch seedlings is that the seedlings have no plant diseases and insect pests, the leaves are complete, and the leaves are clean and have no virus and mutation; 2-3 standard root systems, wherein the standard blades are larger than 4, and the maximum blade width range is 14-16cm; the heart lobes extend beyond half of the leaves below the heart lobes.
Preferably, the temperature conditions of 1.7 inch seedling production and 3.0 inch seedling production are 25-30 ℃ and the humidity conditions are 75-85%;
the illumination condition of 1.7 inch seedling production is that the illumination intensity is 4000-6000Lux 1-4 weeks before cultivation, the seedling plant of the seedling is mature 5-24 weeks after cultivation, and the illumination intensity is controlled to be 6000-8000Lux; the illumination condition of 3.0 inch seedling production is 6000-8000Lux illumination intensity after the pot change at 25 weeks, 8000-10000Lux illumination intensity at 26-28 weeks, 29-44 weeks the seedling is mature, 10000-15000Lux illumination intensity is controlled, 20000Lux illumination intensity is controlled when ripening at 45-48 weeks;
the fertilizer water produced by 1.7 inch seedlings is applied for about one month of bottle-out cultivation in the rooting period, and is sprayed, sprinkled or watered, wherein the fertilizer is mainly used by diluting the fertilizer with the water of 2800 to 3200 times with the flowers of N: P: K=9:45:15, or is supplemented with B1 and seaweed fine spraying; the growing period is mainly carried out by using flowers with N:P:K=30:10:10 or N:P:K=20:20:20, and watering or spraying after diluting for 3000 times, or spraying with B1, seaweed extract, calcium and magnesium and trace fertilizer; applying fertilizer water produced by 3.0 inch seedling for one month after changing pot in rooting period, spraying, watering, and diluting 2800-3200 times with most of flowers with N: P: K=9:45:15, or B1 and seaweed essence spraying; the watering amount in the rooting period is 1/3 of that of the cultivation medium; the flowers with N: P: K=30:10:10 and N: P: K=20:20:20 are mostly main, the dilution is 2800-3200 times, the watering degree is 1/2 of that of the cultivation medium, or B1 and seaweed fine spraying are used in turn; or more flowers with N: P: K=10:30:20 and N: P: K=15:20:25 are used in the growing period, and calcium, magnesium and trace elements are supplemented.
Preferably, in the method for the double flower production of the cut butterfly orchid, the screening standard of flower forcing seedlings in the two continuous flower forcing steps is that the seedlings have no plant diseases and insect pests, the leaves are complete, and the leaves are clean and have no virus and variation; 3-5 standard root systems, 6-7 standard leaves and the maximum leaf width range is 23-25cm.
Preferably, in the method for producing cut butterfly orchid flowers, the illumination intensity of the first flower forcing and the second flower forcing in the two continuous flower forcing steps is 10000-15000Lux; the temperature is 24-26 ℃ in daytime and 17-18 ℃ at night; the humidity condition is that the humidity is 75-85% before flowering and 60-80% after flowering;
the first flower forcing fertilizer water condition is that the flowers with N:P:K=9:45:15 are diluted for a plurality of times before stem finding, the flowers with N:P:K=10:30:20, N:P:K=20:20:20 and N:P:K=15:20:25 are diluted for a plurality of times, and the flowers are used alternately after 2800-3200 times;
the fertilizer water condition of the second flower forcing is that the fertilizer water is continuously used for 3 times after being diluted with potassium dihydrogen phosphate for 1800-2200 times before stem finding, and the fertilizer water is used in turn after being diluted for 2800-3200 times after the stem finding, wherein the flower water is mainly used in N: P: K=10:30:20, N: P: K=20:20:20 and N: P: K=15:20:25; adding slow release fertilizer when stem height is 14-16cm, and spraying 9-11 seeds per seedling with B1, seaweed extract, calcium and magnesium, and trace fertilizer.
Preferably, the above-mentioned method for repeating the production of cut butterfly orchid flowers includes two methods of cutting flowers in the third harvesting package, wherein the first method is to leave 2cm cut stems at the base of the flower stems, and the second method is to differentiate the second flower stems from the other axillary bud points of the stem parts of the plants during the second flower forcing; the second method is to leave 2 nodes upwards on the basal part of the pedicel to cut the pedicel, and the bud point is differentiated again on the node near the incision to grow the pedicel during the second flower forcing.
Preferably, in the method for the production of the cut butterfly orchid flowers, the picking and post-treatment in the third picking and packaging step is that the cut butterfly orchid flowers are subjected to quality inspection and classification and then are put into a room at 16-20 ℃ for fumigation treatment for 5-7 hours.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. in the prior art, the seedling production stage needs 18 months, but only needs 12 months under the technical condition of the invention, so that the seedling production stage is shortened by 6 months, and the seedling production efficiency is improved.
2. The seedlings obtained by the technology of the invention are 110 plants/square/year, so that the number of mature seedlings obtained under the unit greenhouse area is increased by 2.67 times, and the yield is improved.
3. Under the prior art condition, the time length of the two-time flower forcing production is 15-16 months, and the time length of the two-time flower forcing production is 12 months by the technical condition of the invention, so that the time length of the two-time flower forcing production is shortened by 3-4 months, the efficiency of the two-time flower forcing is improved, and the production cost is reduced.
4. By the technical scheme of the invention, the number of cut flowers per year in the two flower forcing stages is 1.5 branches, and the number of cut flowers per year in the two flower forcing stages is 2 branches, so that the cut flower yield is increased, and the production profit is improved.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A method for the double flower production of cut butterfly orchid, which comprises the following five steps:
(1) 1.7 inch seedling production;
(2) 3.0 inch seedling production;
(3) Twice continuous flower forcing;
(4) Harvesting and packaging;
(5) And (5) storing and transporting.
Step one, 1.7 inch seedling production comprises:
1) Bottle seedling transplanting standard: 3 standard root systems of seedlings are provided, 4 standard leaves are provided, and the maximum She Fu is 6cm;
2) The planting points are as follows:
A. and (3) cultivation medium treatment: soaking thallus Porphyrae in 80deg.C hot water for 30min, washing with clear water, cooling, and dehydrating;
B. planting: wrapping the stem of the seedling with water moss, planting in 1.7 inch transparent nutrition cup, and keeping the medium height below waterline;
3) Cultivation conditions:
A. illumination: the illumination intensity is 5000Lux 1-4 weeks before cultivation; mature seedlings of the seedlings are cultivated in 5 th to 24 th weeks, and the illumination intensity is controlled to be 7000Lux;
B. temperature: 27 ℃;
C. humidity: 80%;
D. fertilizer water: taking out of the bottle in the rooting period for cultivation for about one month, spraying water and watering according to the conditions, wherein most of flowers with N: P: K=9:45:15 are used after being diluted by 3000 times; flowers in the growing period, with N: P: K=30:10:10, are mostly dominant, and watering or spraying is carried out after 3000 times dilution.
Step two, 3.0 inch seedling production comprises:
1) Mature 1.7 inch seedling pot replacement standard: the seedlings have no plant diseases and insect pests, the leaves are complete, clean and have no virus and variation; 3 standard root systems and 5 standard blades, wherein the maximum She Fu is 15cm; the heart leaves exceed half of the leaves below the heart leaves;
2) The planting points are as follows:
A. and (3) cultivation medium treatment: soaking thallus Porphyrae in 80deg.C hot water for 30min, washing with clear water, cooling, and dehydrating;
B. planting: wrapping the stem of the seedling with water moss, planting in a 3.0 inch transparent nutrition cup, and keeping the medium height below waterline;
3) Cultivation conditions:
A. illumination: the illumination intensity after the pot change at the 25 th week is 7000Lux; the illumination intensity of the cultivation for 26 th to 28 th weeks is 10000Lux; mature seedlings of the seedlings are cultivated in 29 th to 44 th weeks, and the illumination intensity is controlled to be 15000Lux; the illumination intensity is 20000Lux when ripening is carried out in 45 th to 48 th weeks;
B. temperature: 27 ℃;
C. humidity: 80%;
D. fertilizer water: one month after the pot replacement in the rooting period, the seedling can be sprayed, watered and watered, and the fertilizer is mainly used by diluting 3000 times with most of flowers with N: P: K=9:45:15; if watering is needed in the rooting period, 1/3 of water is needed; the flowers of N: P: K=30:10:10 and N: P: K=20:20:20 are mostly main in the growing period, the diluted flowers are used in turn by 3000 times, and the watering degree is 1/2 of that of the medium.
The first flower forcing in the three-time continuous flower forcing comprises the following steps:
1) Flower forcing seedling screening standard: the seedlings have no plant diseases and insect pests, the leaves are complete, clean and have no virus and variation; 5 standard root systems and 6 standard blades, wherein the maximum She Fu is 24cm;
2) First peanut production promoting conditions:
A. illumination intensity: 12000Lux;
B. temperature: the daytime temperature is 25 ℃, and the nighttime temperature is 18 ℃;
C. humidity: the humidity before the flower opening is 80 percent and the humidity after the flower opening is 70 percent;
D. fertilizer water: the flowers with the number of N:P and K=9:45:15 are mainly used for watering after being diluted, and the flowers with the number of N:P and K=10:30:20, N:P and K=20:20:20 and N:P and K=15:20:25 are mainly used after being diluted 3000 times after being used in turn after being used for watering.
The first flower forcing in the three-time continuous flower forcing comprises the following steps:
1) Flower forcing seedling screening standard: the seedlings have no plant diseases and insect pests, the leaves are complete, clean and have no virus and variation; 5 standard root systems and 6 standard blades, wherein the maximum She Fu is 24cm;
2) First peanut production promoting conditions:
A. illumination intensity: 12000Lux;
B. temperature: the daytime temperature is 25 ℃, and the nighttime temperature is 18 ℃;
C. humidity: humidity before flower opening was 80%. 70% after flowering;
D. fertilizer water: the preparation method comprises the steps of diluting the preparation with potassium dihydrogen phosphate for 2000 times before stem finding, continuously using the preparation for 3 times, and using the preparation with N: P: K=10:30:20, N: P: K=20:20:20 and N: P: K=15:20:25 for most of flowers after stem finding, diluting the preparation for 3000 times, and alternately using the preparation; the stem height is about 15cm, slow release fertilizer is added, 10 grains are added to each seedling, and B1, seaweed extract, calcium and magnesium and trace fertilizer are added for spraying.
Step four, harvesting and packaging, which comprises the following steps:
1) Harvesting:
A. cutting flowers: 2cm of stem is reserved at the basal part of the pedicel, and a second pedicel is differentiated from the other axillary bud point of the stem part of the plant in the second flower forcing;
B. post-harvest treatment: the cut flowers are placed in a room at 18 ℃ for fumigation treatment for 6 hours after quality inspection and classification;
2) And (3) packaging: and (5) the processed cut flowers are sorted according to the order requirements by taking the number of the flowers as a distinction, and 10 branches of each box are boxed.
Step five, storage and transportation comprises the following steps:
1) And (3) storing: the packed cut flowers are immediately pushed into a refrigerator at 15 ℃ for storage before loading according to the number; the storage time is not more than 30 days;
2) Transportation: the butterfly orchid cut flowers are transported by a whole-process cold chain, and the temperature is set to be 18 ℃.
Example two
A method for the double flower production of cut butterfly orchid, which comprises the following five steps:
(1) 1.7 inch seedling production;
(2) 3.0 inch seedling production;
(3) Twice continuous flower forcing;
(4) Harvesting and packaging;
(5) And (5) storing and transporting.
Step one, 1.7 inch seedling production comprises:
1) Bottle seedling transplanting standard: 3 standard root systems of seedlings are provided, 4 standard leaves are provided, and the maximum She Fu is 6cm;
2) The planting points are as follows:
A. and (3) cultivation medium treatment: soaking thallus Porphyrae in 80deg.C hot water for 30min, washing with clear water, cooling, and dehydrating;
B. planting: wrapping the stem of the seedling with water moss, planting in 1.7 inch transparent nutrition cup, and keeping the medium height below waterline;
3) Cultivation conditions:
A. illumination: the illumination intensity is 5000Lux 1-4 weeks before cultivation; mature seedlings of the seedlings are cultivated in 5 th to 24 th weeks, and the illumination intensity is controlled to be 7000Lux;
B. temperature: 27 ℃;
C. humidity: 80%;
D. fertilizer water: taking out of the bottle in the rooting period for cultivation for about one month, spraying water and watering according to the conditions, wherein most of flowers with N: P: K=9:45:15 are used after being diluted by 3000 times; flowers in the growing period, with N: P: K=30:10:10, are mostly dominant, and watering or spraying is carried out after 3000 times dilution.
Step two, 3.0 inch seedling production comprises:
1) Mature 1.7 inch seedling pot replacement standard: the seedlings have no plant diseases and insect pests, the leaves are complete, clean and have no virus and variation; 3 standard root systems and 5 standard blades, wherein the maximum She Fu is 15cm; the heart leaves exceed half of the leaves below the heart leaves;
2) The planting points are as follows:
A. and (3) cultivation medium treatment: soaking thallus Porphyrae in 80deg.C hot water for 30min, washing with clear water, cooling, and dehydrating;
B. planting: wrapping the stem of the seedling with water moss, planting in a 3.0 inch transparent nutrition cup, and keeping the medium height below waterline;
3) Cultivation conditions:
A. illumination: the illumination intensity after the pot change at the 25 th week is 7000Lux; the illumination intensity of the cultivation for 26 th to 28 th weeks is 10000Lux; mature seedlings of the seedlings are cultivated in 29 th to 44 th weeks, and the illumination intensity is controlled to be 15000Lux; the illumination intensity is 20000Lux when ripening is carried out in 45 th to 48 th weeks;
B. temperature: 27 ℃;
C. humidity: 80%;
D. fertilizer water: one month after the pot replacement in the rooting period, the seedling can be sprayed, watered and watered, and the fertilizer is mainly used by diluting 3000 times with most of flowers with N: P: K=9:45:15; if watering is needed in the rooting period, 1/3 of water is needed; the flowers of N: P: K=30:10:10 and N: P: K=20:20:20 are mostly main in the growing period, the diluted flowers are used in turn by 3000 times, and the watering degree is 1/2 of that of the medium.
The first flower forcing in the three-time continuous flower forcing comprises the following steps:
1) Flower forcing seedling screening standard: the seedlings have no plant diseases and insect pests, the leaves are complete, clean and have no virus and variation; 5 standard root systems and 6 standard blades, wherein the maximum She Fu is 24cm;
2) First peanut production promoting conditions:
A. illumination intensity: 12000Lux;
B. temperature: the daytime temperature is 25 ℃, and the nighttime temperature is 18 ℃;
C. humidity: the humidity before the flower opening is 80 percent and the humidity after the flower opening is 70 percent;
D. fertilizer water: the flowers with the number of N:P and K=9:45:15 are mainly used for watering after being diluted, and the flowers with the number of N:P and K=10:30:20, N:P and K=20:20:20 and N:P and K=15:20:25 are mainly used after being diluted 3000 times after being used in turn after being used for watering.
The first flower forcing in the three-time continuous flower forcing comprises the following steps:
1) Flower forcing seedling screening standard: the seedlings have no plant diseases and insect pests, the leaves are complete, clean and have no virus and variation; 5 standard root systems and 6 standard blades, wherein the maximum She Fu is 24cm;
2) First peanut production promoting conditions:
A. illumination intensity: 12000Lux;
B. temperature: the daytime temperature is 25 ℃, and the nighttime temperature is 18 ℃;
C. humidity: humidity before flower opening was 80%. 70% after flowering;
D. fertilizer water: the preparation method comprises the steps of diluting the preparation with potassium dihydrogen phosphate for 2000 times before stem finding, continuously using the preparation for 3 times, and using the preparation with N: P: K=10:30:20, N: P: K=20:20:20 and N: P: K=15:20:25 for most of flowers after stem finding, diluting the preparation for 3000 times, and alternately using the preparation; the stem height is about 15cm, slow release fertilizer is added, 10 grains are added to each seedling, and B1, seaweed extract, calcium and magnesium and trace fertilizer are added for spraying.
Step four, harvesting and packaging, which comprises the following steps:
1) Harvesting:
A. cutting flowers: 2 sections are reserved upwards at the base part of the pedicel, the pedicel is cut off, and bud points on the sections close to the cut are differentiated again to grow the pedicel, so that the method does not occupy the bud points of the stem part of the plant, and the secondary flower forcing time is correspondingly shortened;
B. post-harvest treatment: the cut flowers are placed in a room at 18 ℃ for fumigation treatment for 6 hours after quality inspection and classification;
2) And (3) packaging: and (5) the processed cut flowers are sorted according to the order requirements by taking the number of the flowers as a distinction, and 10 branches of each box are boxed.
Step five, storage and transportation comprises the following steps:
1) And (3) storing: the packed cut flowers are immediately pushed into a refrigerator at 15 ℃ for storage before loading according to the number; the storage time is not more than 30 days;
2) Transportation: the butterfly orchid cut flowers are transported by a whole-process cold chain, and the temperature is set to be 18 ℃.
In the description of the present specification, the descriptions of the terms "one embodiment," "example," "specific example," and the like, mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The preferred embodiments of the invention disclosed above are intended only to assist in the explanation of the invention. The preferred embodiments are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best understand and utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and the full scope and equivalents thereof.
Claims (5)
1. The method for producing the cut butterfly orchid flowers is characterized by comprising the following three steps:
step one, seedling production: firstly, treating a cultivation medium, wrapping the stem parts of seedlings by using the treated cultivation medium, and planting the seedlings in transparent nutrition cups with corresponding sizes, wherein the height of the cultivation medium is below a waterline; controlling illumination, temperature, humidity and fertilizer water conditions;
the seedling production comprises 1.7 inch seedling production and 3.0 inch seedling production, and the method for treating the cultivation medium during 1.7 inch seedling production and 3.0 inch seedling production is the same; the cultivation medium is sphagna, and the treatment method of the cultivation medium comprises soaking sphagna in 75-85deg.C hot water for 25-35min, washing the sphagna with clear water, cooling, and dehydrating;
the temperature conditions for 1.7 inch seedling production and 3.0 inch seedling production are 25-30deg.C and 75-85% humidity;
the illumination condition of 1.7 inch seedling production is that the illumination intensity is 4000-6000Lux 1-4 weeks before cultivation, the seedling plant of the seedling is mature 5-24 weeks after cultivation, and the illumination intensity is controlled to be 6000-8000Lux; the illumination condition of 3.0 inch seedling production is 6000-8000Lux illumination intensity after the pot change at 25 weeks, 8000-10000Lux illumination intensity at 26-28 weeks, 29-44 weeks the seedling is mature, 10000-15000Lux illumination intensity is controlled, 20000Lux illumination intensity is controlled when ripening at 45-48 weeks;
step two, continuously flower forcing for two times: before each flower forcing, respectively screening seedlings reaching a flower forcing standard, and then controlling the conditions of illumination, temperature, humidity and fertilizer water to carry out flower forcing operation on the seedlings; the illumination intensity of the first flower forcing and the second flower forcing in the two continuous flower forcing is 10000-15000Lux; the temperature is 24-26 ℃ in daytime and 17-18 ℃ at night; the humidity condition is that the humidity is 75-85% before flowering and 60-80% after flowering;
the first flower forcing fertilizer water condition is that the flowers with N:P:K=9:45:15 are diluted more before stem finding, and the flowers with N:P:K=10:30:20, N:P:K=20:20:20 and N:P:K=15:20:25 are diluted more, and the mixture is used alternately after 2800-3200 times;
the fertilizer water condition of the second flower forcing is that the fertilizer water is continuously used for 3 times after being diluted with potassium dihydrogen phosphate for 1800-2200 times before stem finding, and the fertilizer water is used in turn after being diluted for 2800-3200 times after the stem finding with more flowers of N: P: K=10:30:20, N: P: K=20:20:20 and N: P: K=15:20:25; adding slow release fertilizer when stem height is 14-16cm, and spraying 9-11 grains per seedling with B1, seaweed essence and trace fertilizer;
step three, harvesting and packaging: shearing flowers by scissors, performing quality inspection grading treatment after shearing the flowers, and boxing the treated cut flowers according to requirements; two methods of cutting flowers in harvesting and packaging are adopted, wherein the first method is to leave 2cm of cut stems at the base of the pedicel, and the second pedicel is differentiated from the other axillary bud point of the stem of the plant during the second flower forcing; the second method is to leave 2 nodes upwards on the basal part of the pedicel to cut the pedicel, and the bud point is differentiated again on the node near the incision to grow the pedicel during the second flower forcing.
2. The method for repeating the production of cut flowers of butterfly orchid according to claim 1, wherein the transplanting standard of bottle seedlings is 2-3 standard root systems of seedlings, more than 4 standard leaves and more than 5cm maximum leaves in the production of 1.7 inch seedlings in the production of the seedlings in the step one.
3. The method for the double flower production of the cut butterfly orchid according to claim 1, wherein in the production of 3.0 inch seedlings in the first step, the standard of mature and pot-changing of 1.7 inch seedlings is that the seedlings are free of plant diseases and insect pests, the leaves are complete, and the leaves are clean and free of viruses and variation; 2-3 standard root systems, wherein the standard blades are larger than 4, and the maximum blade width range is 14-16cm; the heart lobes extend beyond half of the leaves below the heart lobes.
4. The method for the double flower production of the cut butterfly orchid according to claim 1, wherein the screening standard of flower forcing seedlings in the two continuous flower forcing steps is that the seedlings have no plant diseases and insect pests, the leaves are complete, and the leaves are clean and have no virus and variation; 3-5 standard root systems, 6-7 standard leaves and the maximum leaf width range is 23-25cm.
5. The method for repeating the production of cut butterfly orchid according to claim 1, wherein the post-harvest treatment in the third harvest package is that the cut butterfly orchid is subjected to quality control classification and then is subjected to room fumigation treatment at 16-20 ℃ for 5-7 hours.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101810097A (en) * | 2010-04-20 | 2010-08-25 | 浙江森禾种业股份有限公司 | Cultivation method of flowering tree orchid in factory |
| CN105638208A (en) * | 2016-01-09 | 2016-06-08 | 云南省农业科学院花卉研究所 | Perpetual flower forcing method for butterfly orchid |
| CN109362545A (en) * | 2018-10-11 | 2019-02-22 | 广西生态工程职业技术学院 | A kind of iris tissue-cultured seedling florescence control method |
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- 2021-01-11 CN CN202110028617.4A patent/CN112868514B/en active Active
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101810097A (en) * | 2010-04-20 | 2010-08-25 | 浙江森禾种业股份有限公司 | Cultivation method of flowering tree orchid in factory |
| CN105638208A (en) * | 2016-01-09 | 2016-06-08 | 云南省农业科学院花卉研究所 | Perpetual flower forcing method for butterfly orchid |
| CN109362545A (en) * | 2018-10-11 | 2019-02-22 | 广西生态工程职业技术学院 | A kind of iris tissue-cultured seedling florescence control method |
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| 安祖公司蝴蝶兰切花生产指南;吴利敏;中国花卉园艺(第2期);第12-17页 * |
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