CN111084038A

CN111084038A - Winter jujube cultivation and planting method

Info

Publication number: CN111084038A
Application number: CN201810904657.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘凯
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2018-08-09
Filing date: 2018-08-09
Publication date: 2020-05-01

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, and particularly relates to a winter jujube cultivation and planting method. The winter jujube cultivation planting method is characterized in that 55-111 plants are planted in each 667 square meters; applying 40-60 kg of high-quality ring fertilizer and 0.5-1.5 kg of diammonium phosphate into each hole, and mixing with surface soil uniformly; covering wheat straw with the thickness of 20 cm before field planting, spraying 5-degree lime sulfur mixture once on the whole jujube tree before germination, stimulating main buds to germinate, culturing into bone stem branches and fruiting branch groups, and cutting off top tips; in the first ten days of 6 months, girdling, pinching the date head in the flowering period, and spraying gibberellin and trace elements. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method has the advantages of natural and pollution-free property, low cost, high yield, high quality and convenient management, reduces the labor intensity of growers, and improves the economic benefit of the growers.

Description

Winter jujube cultivation and planting method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, and particularly relates to a winter jujube cultivation and planting method.

Background

The winter jujube contains more vitamin A, vitamin E, potassium, sodium, iron, copper and other trace elements, has the functions of keeping blood capillaries smooth and preventing the fragility of blood vessel walls from increasing, has curative effects on hypertension, atherosclerosis and other symptoms, and has the effect of preventing cancer. The nutritional value is the crown of the fruit, is called as 'fruit king', and has the functions of detoxifying, protecting liver, regulating immunity and preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases. The winter jujubes are short in supply and demand in the market in recent years, the price is generally 10-30 yuan/kg, and the highest price can reach 360 yuan/kg. The method has the advantages that the production of winter jujubes is vigorously developed, the cultivation management is enhanced, and the yield of the winter jujubes is improved, so that the method is a civil problem which is about economic benefit, ecological benefit and social benefit at present.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a winter jujube cultivation and planting method which is high in yield, good in quality and convenient to manage, and aims to make up for the defects of the prior art.

The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

a winter jujube cultivation and planting method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

(1) garden selection and planning: constructing a garden on deep and fertile slightly-alkaline sandy soil land, planting 55-111 plants in a density of 667 square meters, and adopting a plant-row spacing of 2-3 meters multiplied by 3-4 meters;

(2) and field planting and garden building: when planting branches, marking out and fixing points according to the planned plant row spacing, respectively placing surface soil and core soil according to branch planting holes 1 meter square, applying 40-60 kg of high-quality ring fertilizer and 0.5-1.5 kg of diammonium phosphate into each hole, and uniformly mixing the high-quality ring fertilizer and the surface soil;

selecting nursery stocks with the height of more than 100 cm and the ground diameter of more than 1 cm, cultivating soil piles with the height of 20-30 cm before winter, drying and fixing the trunks of the nursery stocks, tying grass bundles on the trunks, removing the soil piles in spring, and covering mulching films on tree trays;

(3) and soil, fertilizer and water management: wheat straws with the thickness of 20 cm are covered before field planting, after every year, base fertilizer is applied in ditches, 50-100 kg of organic fertilizer is applied to each plant, 1-2 kg of multi-element special fertilizer for fruit trees is added, top dressing is carried out 3 times every year, and sprout water, water before flowers and young fruit swelling water are thoroughly watered;

(4) and preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests: before the jujube tree germinates, spraying 5-degree lime sulphur once on the whole jujube tree, spraying 1 time of chrysanthemum ester pesticide respectively in the upper, middle and lower ten days of 5 months, spraying 1-2 times of anti-mite pesticide respectively in 6-8 months, and spraying once every 10-15 days in 9 months;

(5) and shaping and trimming: stimulating main buds to germinate, culturing bone-forming main branches and fruiting branch groups, pruning top tips, removing secondary branches at places where the bone-forming main branches and fruiting branch groups need to be cultured, stimulating main buds on the bases or secondary branch nodes of the secondary branches to germinate jujube heads, culturing the bone-forming main branches or fruiting branch groups, removing overgrown branches, competitive branches, crossed branches, dense branches, weak branches and insect-disease branches in time, and retracting down drooping branches;

(6) and fruit setting: in the first ten days of 6 months, girdling, pinching the date head in the flowering period, and spraying gibberellin and trace elements.

Preferably, in step (1), 100 plants are planted in a density of 667 square meters.

Preferably, in the step (2), 75 kg of organic fertilizer is applied to each plant, and 1.5 kg of multi-element special fertilizer for fruit trees is added.

Preferably, in the step (3), 80 kg of organic fertilizer is applied to each plant, and 1.5 kg of multi-element special fertilizer for fruit trees is added.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method has the advantages of natural and pollution-free property, low cost, high yield, high quality and convenient management, reduces the labor intensity of growers, and improves the economic benefit of the growers.

Detailed Description

By adopting the winter jujube cultivation and planting method, a garden is constructed on deep fertile slightly-alkaline sandy soil. The winter jujube is planted in a close plantation mode, so that intensive operation is facilitated, and high benefit is obtained. The density is preferably 55-111 plants per 667 square meters, and the row spacing is 2-3 meters x3-4 meters. Planting winter jujube in autumn or spring. Autumn planting is carried out after fallen leaves until winter is sealed, and spring planting is carried out after soil is unfrozen until germination is carried out. When planting branches, marking out and fixing points according to the planned plant row spacing, respectively placing surface soil and core soil according to branch planting holes 1 m square, applying 50 kg of high-quality ring fertilizer and 0.5 kg of diammonium phosphate into each hole, and uniformly mixing with the surface soil. The nursery stock is selected from high-quality strong seedlings which grow 1-2 years after grafting, has no plant diseases and insect pests, developed root systems, more than 120 cm high seedlings and more than 1 cm ground diameter, and good healing of the grafted parts. After autumn cultivation, watering thoroughly, cultivating a soil pile with the height of 20-30 cm before winter, cleaning and drying young trees, binding grass bundles on the tree trunk, preventing hares from biting the bark, removing the soil pile in spring, and covering a tree disc with a mulching film; after spring planting, watering thoroughly, covering a tree disc with a mulching film, and drying the young trees. Leveling the land before planting, intertilling and loosening the soil after planting, covering the whole land with straw of 20 cm thickness, maintaining the soil humidity and regulating the soil temperature. And (6) fertilizing. After every year, ditching and applying base fertilizer, wherein 50-100 kg of organic fertilizer is applied to each plant, and 1-2 kg of multi-element special fertilizer for fruit trees is added. Topdressing is carried out for three times per year, and 0.5-1.0 kg of urea or 0.3-0.7 kg of diammonium phosphate is topdressed on each plant before sprouting in the last ten days of 4 months; dressing and fertilizing fruits in the last ten days of 6 months, wherein 0.5-1.0 kg of urea is dressed on each plant; fertilizing and enlarging fruits in the last ten days of 8 months, fertilizing 15-25 kg of human excrement and urine per plant, adding 0.5-1.5 kg of multi-element special fertilizer for fruit trees, and applying the fertilizer in multiple holes or furrows with the depth of 10-15 cm, wherein the fertilizing amount is determined according to the size of the trees and the fruiting amount. Spraying 0.3-0.4% of urea or light and micro-fertilizer on the leaf surface every 15 days in 5-7 months, respectively spraying 0.3% of urea and 0.2% of borax mixed solution in the middle flowering and fruit setting period of 6 months, and spraying 0.3% of monopotassium phosphate 3-4 times in 8-9 months. After the jujube fruits are harvested, 0.5-1% urea is sprayed once, so that the leaf senescence can be effectively delayed, the photosynthetic capacity is improved, and the nutrient accumulation is facilitated. Irrigation and drainage. The key water, namely the sprouting water, the water before the flower and the water with the large volume of the young fruit, is grasped for three times all the year, and the water is preferably used for thorough watering. When water is accumulated in rainy season, water is drained in an urgent situation to prevent waterlogging. Before jujube tree germination, spraying 5-degree lime sulphur mixture once on the whole jujube tree to kill overwintering disease and pests, spraying 3000 times of chrysanthemums pesticide and 1500 times of 50% monocrotophos or 1500 times of 50% "1605" for 1 time respectively in the early, middle and late ten days of 5 months, and preventing and treating pests such as jujube distiller's yeast, jujube gall midge, jujube armyworm, lygus bug, leaf ticks, and large-ash weevil beetle. Spraying 15% of the fenpropacin 2500 times or 73% of the propargite 1000 times for 1-2 times in 6-8 months to prevent and control the spider mites. In 7-8 days after the date tree is opened in the middle ten days of 6 months, the common pesticide is used for conventional dosage, the first bactericide is sprayed in the last ten days of 6 months for preventing and treating date rust disease, ring spot, anthracnose and the like, the bactericide is sprayed by 600 times 75% chlorothalonil or 800 times 70% thiophanate methyl or 600 times 50% carbendazim for preventing and treating date fruit shrinking disease every 10-15 days in 9 months, 100 international units/ml agricultural streptomycin is sprayed from the last ten days of 7 months for preventing and treating date fruit shrinking disease, and the bactericide is sprayed by 4-5 times every 8-10 days. According to the occurrence of insect pests such as Japanese tortoise ceroplastes, Chinese toona, jujube armyworm and jujube gall midge in 6-8 months, 3000 times of chrysanthemums pesticide and 1500 times of 50% monocrotophos or 2000 times of 40% isocarbophos are used for preventing and treating.

Pinching the jujube head: and in 5-8 months, when the newly grown jujube head is not lignified, keeping 3-5 secondary branches, removing the top tip, and inhibiting the lengthened growth. The fruit setting rate can be improved and the growth of young fruits can be promoted by pinching the jujube heads in the flowering period; the elongation head of the bone trunk branch is pinched in a proper length (50-60) cm, so that the growth of the branch and the thickening growth can be promoted, the sharpening degree of the bone trunk branch can be increased, and the loading capacity can be increased. Bud picking: the useless jujube heads growing on the bone trunk branches and the trunks are removed in time in the growing season, so that the nutrition is saved, the condition that the tree shape is disturbed and the ventilation and light transmission are influenced is avoided. Thinning branches: timely removing the jujube heads at the dense positions and the jujube heads without utilization value. Branch pulling: and (4) aiming at branches with improper bearing and angle, and pulling and adjusting the branches when the green branches are soft in the growing season. Sprout removal: the root tillering seedlings growing on the ground around the trunk are removed as soon as possible when the seedlings do not propagate.

In the last ten days of 6 months, girdling and girdling are generally carried out when the whole jujube flower blooms about 30 percent before and after the 'mango seeds'. Performing girdling on the jujube tree trunk with the circumference of less than 20 cm, performing girdling before and after the first girdling, performing girdling again every 7 days, and performing girdling for 3 times continuously, wherein the girdling can be performed on the main trunk or main branches. Girdling the trunk of the tree with the trunk circumference of more than 20 cm and the width of 0.5-0.7 mm. Picking heads and pinching. The core of the date is removed in the flowering period, the flourishing growth of the date is inhibited, more nutrients flow to the flower part, and the fruit setting is promoted. Improve the field microclimate. In the drought season of flowering, the soil water content is low, tree trays are watered, and in the case of no water irrigation, tree crowns are sprayed with water, wherein the water spraying is carried out after 17 hours, and the spraying is continuously carried out for 3-4 days, so that the air humidity is increased, the field microclimate is improved, and fruit setting is promoted. Bees are placed in the jujube garden. The bees are placed in or around the jujube garden to spread pollen for the jujube flowers, so that the jujube flowers are fully pollinated, and fruit setting is promoted. And (5) branch pulling and angle opening. And (3) for the branches which grow more vertically, pulling the branches to enable the angle to reach more than 70 degrees. The growth vigor is alleviated, and fruit setting is promoted. Spraying gibberellin and trace elements. Spraying gibberellin once in the initial flowering period, and spraying 0.3% borax, 0.3% zinc sulfate and ferrous sulfate for 1-2 times to promote fruit setting. And (6) thinning fruits. After the physiology is lagged behind, thinning the fruits of the trees with the dense fruits, and achieving that 1 fruit is hung on each jujube of the strong trees and 1 fruit is hung on 2-3 jujubes of the weak trees. The ripening process of winter jujubes is divided into 3 stages of white ripening stage, crisp ripening stage and late ripening stage, and the jujubes are harvested in the crisp ripening stage (about 10 months and 5 days), so that the jujubes have bright color, much fruit juice and good flavor. The winter jujubes are not only consistent in maturation period but also harvested in stages. When harvesting, the seeds are carefully picked by hands, and fine and soft objects such as weeds and the like are paved on the ground to prevent the seeds from falling to the ground and cracking. Picked jujube fruits are stored in a carton, so that the jujube fruits are prevented from being injured. The winter jujube has short preservation period, can be preserved for 6 to 7 days at normal temperature, and becomes berry after the expiration date. In order to prolong the market supply period and improve the economic benefit, winter jujubes need to be stored and fresh-kept in an underground cellar, the temperature is controlled below 16 ℃, the winter jujubes are packaged by PVC plastic bags or directly buried in wet sand and can be stored in the cellar for about 30 days and stored in a constant-temperature storehouse, the winter jujubes are packaged by 0.03mm of PVC plastic bags and then placed in the constant-temperature storehouse, and the temperature is controlled to be 0-1 ℃ and can be stored for about 60 days; the winter jujubes are stored in the air-conditioned cold store at a proper temperature and in proper gas components, and the preservation period is expected to reach the spring festival.

Claims

1. A winter jujube cultivation and planting method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

2. The winter jujube cultivation and planting method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step (1), 100 plants were planted at a density of 667 square meters.

3. The winter jujube cultivation and planting method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (2), 75 kg of organic fertilizer is applied to each plant, and 1.5 kg of multi-element special fertilizer for fruit trees is added.

4. The winter jujube cultivation and planting method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (3), 80 kg of organic fertilizer is applied to each plant, and 1.5 kg of multi-element special fertilizer for fruit trees is added.