CN116267381A - Planting method of corylus heterophylla seedlings - Google Patents
Planting method of corylus heterophylla seedlings Download PDFInfo
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- CN116267381A CN116267381A CN202310069226.6A CN202310069226A CN116267381A CN 116267381 A CN116267381 A CN 116267381A CN 202310069226 A CN202310069226 A CN 202310069226A CN 116267381 A CN116267381 A CN 116267381A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 240000005440 Corylus heterophylla Species 0.000 title abstract description 20
- 235000018257 Corylus heterophylla Nutrition 0.000 title abstract description 20
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- 235000007466 Corylus avellana Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 235000001543 Corylus americana Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 241000723382 Corylus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 10
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-OVSJKPMPSA-N all-trans-retinol Chemical compound OC\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-OVSJKPMPSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011717 all-trans-retinol Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019169 all-trans-retinol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- LKPLKUMXSAEKID-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentachloronitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1Cl LKPLKUMXSAEKID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000013 Ammonium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000012538 ammonium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000012868 Overgrowth Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000007582 Corylus avellana Species 0.000 description 10
- 210000003739 neck Anatomy 0.000 description 8
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 4
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000010152 pollination Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 244000144730 Amygdalus persica Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000219495 Betulaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000147058 Derris elliptica Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000006040 Prunus persica var persica Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000005252 bulbus oculi Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000001672 ovary Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium phosphate Substances [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C3/00—Fertilisers containing other salts of ammonia or ammonia itself, e.g. gas liquor
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a planting method of corylus heterophylla seedlings, which comprises the following steps of planting a protective forest in a main wind direction or a wind gap after selecting a planting environment, arranging a wind folding line in the center of a planting field, cultivating raw seedlings, sterilizing the raw seedlings, transferring the raw seedlings together with root systems and surrounding soil into a greenhouse, transplanting the raw seedlings, putting seedlings growing in the greenhouse into prepared planting holes, and immediately watering the seedlings after planting. According to the planting method of the hazelnut seedlings, soil is tidied before planting, the spacing between planting holes is controlled, the soil is proportioned and mixed, the cultivation is carried out in a greenhouse before the original seedlings are planted, the growth of root systems of the original seedlings is facilitated, the growth environment is simulated through the seedlings cultivated in the greenhouse, the incidence probability of the seedlings is reduced, the forestation rate of the seedlings is improved, the planted hazelnut seedlings can be better protected, the hazelnut pollen is prevented from being blown away by wind in real time, and the firmness is affected.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of planting of corylus heterophylla, in particular to a planting method of corylus heterophylla seedlings.
Background
The corylus is a plant of the genus corylus of the family Betulaceae, the origin of the corylus is Europe, the natural distribution is very wide, and besides the places spread over Europe, the natural distribution is also available in the western region of Asia. The soil is warm and moist, the soil can be suitable for various soils when the soil is loved to be fully illuminated. Corylus heterophylla is the only widely cultivated species in hazelnut plants. Corylus heterophylla is one of the important nut tree species as well as the important woody oil tree species, and is known as the "king of nuts". Because of high economic value and wide application, the method has been introduced in various places in the world, and is an economic tree species with great development prospect.
The hazel leaves have various colors, the branches are bent to have various shapes, the eyeballs of tourists can be attracted, the ornamental value is quite high, and the hazel leaves are good tree species for garden and park greening configuration. The corylus heterophylla is shrub-shaped and can also be used as a courtyard hedge for planting. Therefore, the method has better economic effect on planting and cultivating the hazel, the existing planting method of the hazel is to put the nursery stock into a prepared planting hole, plant the hazel according to a planting method of 'three-buried two-treading one-lifting', irrigate water immediately after planting, the depth of the buried soil is preferably 6-10 cm, then cover the tree plate with plastic film, preserve moisture and improve the survival rate. However, the planting method has the defects that the soil and the seedlings are not sufficiently pretreated before planting, so that the growth condition of the seedlings of the corylus heterophylla is poor, the final yield is low, and the corylus heterophylla is mostly built in open places or at air openings in the prior art, and the corylus heterophylla pollen is easily blown away by wind, so that the female flowers are poor in pollen and the ovaries are bent, thereby influencing the firmness.
Disclosure of Invention
(one) solving the technical problems
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a planting method of corylus heterophylla seedlings, which has the advantages of good seedling growth condition and high fruiting rate, and solves the problem of low final forestation rate.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a planting method of corylus heterophylla seedlings, comprising the following steps:
s1: selecting a planting environment, selecting the planting environment near a river, a pond, a reservoir, a lake or other water sources, planting a protective forest in the main wind direction or at a wind gap, setting a wind folding line in the center of a planting field, and mixing the gray forest soil and the dark brown sandy soil according to a ratio of 1:1.
S2: soil finishing, namely firstly cutting off weeds and shrubs in and near a planting environment, digging stumps and tree roots, cleaning, then carrying out full-cultivation soil preparation, wherein the cultivation depth is 70-80 cm, digging planting holes after the forest land is fully cultivated and leveled, the specification length and width of each hole are 50cm multiplied by 60 cm, the distance between adjacent planting holes is 2-3 m, applying 20-30 kg of organic fertilizer in each hole, mixing the organic fertilizer with dark brown sandy soil according to a ratio of 1:1, and detecting the pH value of the soil.
S3: cultivating the original seedlings, sterilizing the original seedlings, namely, spreading zineb or 75% pentachloronitrobenzene 2kg mixed 40-60kg fine soil in a seedbed, transferring the original seedlings together with root systems and surrounding soil into a greenhouse, transferring each original seedling at an interval of 50cm, spraying clear water, covering a plastic film, covering a sunshade net, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse at 15-20 ℃ and 75%, adopting atomization watering, properly ventilating after one week, and completely withdrawing the sunshade net and the plastic film after 30 days.
S4: transplanting, namely placing seedlings growing in the greenhouse into prepared planting holes to enable root systems to be stretched, simultaneously taking care of compaction, enabling root systems to be tightly combined with soil, then filling wet soil, slightly lifting the seedlings upwards when the seedlings are half filled, enabling the root systems to be tightly combined with the soil while the seedlings are compacted, then building a watering tree disk with the diameter of 1 cm around the seedlings, and enabling the diameter to be convenient for watering and water storage, and immediately watering after planting.
S5: pruning, namely, pruning young trees in the period of proper light pruning and cutting to increase the number of branch groups, enlarge tree crowns, cultivate tree forms, pruning dead branches, growing weak branches and distributing overlapped and approaching branches after forming.
S6: the method mainly adopts a tree plate inner watering method to soak the soil under the tree, the soaking depth is 40 cm, and the decomposed organic fertilizer or chemical fertilizer such as urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and the like is buried in the soil at the side of the flowerpot during fertilization or applied at a place far from the root neck, and then is covered with a layer of soil and watered.
Preferably, the specific place of the planting environment in the step S1 is good in leeward and sunny sections, and meanwhile, the soil layer is deep and the drainage is good.
Preferably, the detection of the pH value of the soil in the step S2 requires the pH value of the soil to be 6.5-7.
Preferably, the organic fertilizer in the step S2 comprises the following components in parts by weight: 12-16% of ammonium bicarbonate, 3% of ammonia water, 10-15% of lake mud, 5% of biogas slurry, 40-50% of straw and 20-30% of plant ash, wherein the plant ash comprises potassium sulfate and potassium chloride.
Preferably, the root system is needed to be trimmed before the original seedling is cultivated in the step S3, the disease, the broken, the damage and the overgrowth root are removed, the whole seedling is needed to be trimmed in the step S5, the trimming is mainly to trim out the dead branches, the growth weakened branches and the branches with overlapped and close distribution, 8-10 backbone branches with good growth vigor are selected and reserved, and the backbone branches are uniformly distributed in all directions.
(III) beneficial effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a planting method of hazelnut seedlings, which has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the planting method of the hazelnut seedlings, soil is arranged before planting, the spacing between planting holes is controlled, the soil is proportioned and mixed, and the cultivation is carried out in a greenhouse before the original seedlings are planted, so that the growth of the root systems of the original seedlings is facilitated, the growth environment is simulated through the seedlings cultivated in the greenhouse, the incidence probability of the seedlings is reduced, and the forestation rate of the seedlings is improved.
2. According to the planting method of the corylus heterophylla seedlings, the protection forest is planted in the main wind direction or the wind gap of the planting environment, the wind folding line is arranged at the center of the planting field, the wind speed is further reduced, a criss-cross network is formed, the planted corylus heterophylla seedlings can be better protected, and the corylus heterophylla pollen is prevented from being blown away by wind in real time in the corylus heterophylla junction, so that the fructification is influenced.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Embodiment one:
a planting method of corylus heterophylla seedlings, comprising the following steps:
s1: selecting a planting environment, selecting a planting environment near a river, a pond, a reservoir, a lake or other water sources, planting a protective forest in the direction of main wind or at a wind gap, arranging a wind folding line in the center of a planting field, mixing gray forest soil and dark brown sandy soil according to a ratio of 1:1, and taking a leeward and sunny section as a specific place, wherein a soil layer is deep and well drained.
S2: soil finishing, namely firstly cutting off weeds and shrubs in and near a planting environment, digging out stumps and tree roots, cleaning, then carrying out full-cultivation soil preparation, wherein the cultivation depth is 80 cm, after the forest land is fully cultivated and leveled, digging planting holes, the specification length and width depth of each hole are 50cm multiplied by 60 cm, the distance between adjacent planting holes is 3 m, each hole is applied with 25 kg of organic fertilizer, and the organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 12% of ammonium bicarbonate, 3% of ammonia water, 15% of lake mud, 5% of biogas slurry, 40% of straw and 25% of plant ash, wherein the plant ash comprises potassium sulfate and potassium chloride, is mixed with dark brown sandy soil according to a ratio of 1:1, and is used for detecting the pH value of the soil, and the pH value of the soil is required to be 6.5-7.
S3: the method comprises the steps of cultivating raw seedlings, pruning root systems before cultivating the raw seedlings, removing diseased rot, broken and damaged roots and overgrown roots, transferring the raw seedlings together with the root systems and surrounding soil into a greenhouse, transferring each plant of raw seedlings at intervals of 50cm, spraying clear water, covering with a plastic film, covering with a sunshade net, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 15-20 ℃ and 75%, atomizing and watering, properly ventilating after one week, completely withdrawing the sunshade net and the plastic film after 30 days, replacing and re-planting dead seedlings during the period, planting more than 4 varieties, generally configuring 1 variety for each 3-4 rows, and configuring 1 row of real-grown hazelnuts for each 6-7 rows to ensure good pollination.
S4: transplanting, namely sterilizing raw seedlings, namely, 2kg of zineb or 75% pentachloronitrobenzene, mixing 40-60kg of fine soil, scattering the raw seedlings into a seedbed, putting seedlings growing in a greenhouse into prepared planting holes, stretching root systems of the seedlings, correcting the seedlings, enabling root systems to be tightly combined with soil, filling wet soil, slightly lifting the seedlings upwards when the seedlings are half filled, compacting the seedlings while filling the soil, enabling the root systems to be tightly combined with the soil, and then building a watering tree disk with the diameter of 1 cm around the seedlings, so that watering and water storage are facilitated, and immediately watering after planting.
S5: pruning, pruning the young tree period, namely, properly cutting and cutting to increase the number of branch groups, expanding tree crowns, cultivating tree forms, pruning dried branches, growing weakened branches and branches with overlapped and close distribution, pruning the whole tree, selecting 8-10 backbone branches with good growth vigor, uniformly distributing the backbone branches in all directions, improving illumination conditions, enhancing photosynthesis, promoting growth vigor and setting, expanding tree crowns, and adjusting the relation between growth and setting so as to achieve the purposes of early setting and multiple setting. The young tree is shaped and trimmed to enlarge the crown and adjust the opening angle. The initial stage of the fruiting is mainly to increase flower buds and increase yield, and the sprouts generated by root necks are removed in time according to the sprout conditions, and generally, the sprouts are removed once in spring, autumn and winter every year. In addition, the new pruning should be paid attention to, 2-3 strong and long-standing tillers are reserved every year to replace old branches, and all other tillers are pruned.
S6: the method mainly adopts a tree plate inner watering method to soak the soil under the tree, the soaking depth is 40 cm, and the decomposed organic fertilizer or chemical fertilizer such as urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and the like is buried in the soil at the side of the flowerpot during fertilization or applied at a place far from the root neck, and then is covered with a layer of soil and watered.
Comparative example one:
a planting method of corylus heterophylla seedlings, comprising the following steps:
s1: selecting a planting environment, selecting a planting environment near a river, a pond, a reservoir, a lake or other water sources, planting a protective forest in the direction of main wind or at a wind gap, arranging a wind folding line in the center of a planting field, mixing gray forest soil and dark brown sandy soil according to a ratio of 1:1, and taking a leeward and sunny section as a specific place, wherein a soil layer is deep and well drained.
S2: soil finishing, namely firstly cutting off weeds and shrubs in and near a planting environment, digging stumps and tree roots, cleaning, then carrying out full-cultivation soil preparation, wherein the cultivation depth is 80 cm, after the forest land is fully cultivated and leveled, digging planting holes, the specification length and width of each hole are 50cm multiplied by 60 cm, the distance between adjacent planting holes is 3 m, each hole is applied with 25 kg of organic fertilizer, plant ash comprises potassium sulfate and potassium chloride, the plant ash and dark brown sandy soil are mixed according to the proportion of 1:1, the pH value of the soil is detected, and the pH value of the soil is detected to be 6.5-7.
S3: transplanting, namely sterilizing raw seedlings, namely, 2kg of zineb or 75% pentachloronitrobenzene, mixing 40-60kg of fine soil, scattering the raw seedlings in a seedbed, putting the seedlings into prepared planting holes to enable root systems of the seedlings to stretch, paying attention to compaction, enabling root systems to be tightly combined with soil, filling wet soil, slightly lifting the seedlings upwards when the seedlings are filled to half of the seedlings, enabling the root systems to be tightly combined with the soil while the seedlings are compacted, then building a watering tree disk with the diameter of 1 cm around the seedlings, facilitating watering and water storage, immediately watering after planting, configuring more than 4 varieties, generally configuring 1 variety every 3-4 rows, and configuring 1 row of real hazel every 6-7 rows for ensuring good pollination.
S4: pruning, pruning the young tree period, namely, properly cutting and cutting to increase the number of branch groups, expanding tree crowns, cultivating tree forms, pruning dried branches, growing weakened branches and branches with overlapped and close distribution, pruning the whole tree, selecting 8-10 backbone branches with good growth vigor, uniformly distributing the backbone branches in all directions, improving illumination conditions, enhancing photosynthesis, promoting growth vigor and setting, expanding tree crowns, and adjusting the relation between growth and setting so as to achieve the purposes of early setting and multiple setting. The young tree is shaped and trimmed to enlarge the crown and adjust the opening angle. The initial stage of the fruiting is mainly to increase flower buds and increase yield, and the sprouts generated by root necks are removed in time according to the sprout conditions, and generally, the sprouts are removed once in spring, autumn and winter every year. In addition, the new pruning should be paid attention to, 2-3 strong and long-standing tillers are reserved every year to replace old branches, and all other tillers are pruned.
S5: the method mainly adopts a tree plate inner watering method to soak the soil under the tree, the soaking depth is 40 cm, and the decomposed organic fertilizer or chemical fertilizer such as urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and the like is buried in the soil at the side of the flowerpot during fertilization or applied at a place far from the root neck, and then is covered with a layer of soil and watered.
Comparative example two:
a planting method of corylus heterophylla seedlings, comprising the following steps:
s1: the planting environment is selected, the planting environment is selected near a river, a pond, a reservoir, a lake or other water sources, the specific place is good in leeward and sunny sections, meanwhile, the soil layer is deep, and the drainage is good.
S2: soil finishing, namely firstly cutting off weeds and shrubs in and near a planting environment, digging out stumps and tree roots, cleaning, then carrying out full-cultivation soil preparation, wherein the cultivation depth is 80 cm, after the forest land is fully cultivated and leveled, digging planting holes, the specification length and width depth of each hole are 50cm multiplied by 60 cm, the distance between adjacent planting holes is 3 m, each hole is applied with 25 kg of organic fertilizer, and the organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 12% of ammonium bicarbonate, 3% of ammonia water, 15% of lake mud, 5% of biogas slurry, 40% of straw and 25% of plant ash, wherein the plant ash comprises potassium sulfate and potassium chloride, is mixed with dark brown sandy soil according to a ratio of 1:1, and is used for detecting the pH value of the soil, and the pH value of the soil is required to be 6.5-7.
S3: the method comprises the steps of cultivating raw seedlings, pruning root systems before cultivating the raw seedlings, removing diseased rot, broken and damaged roots and overgrown roots, transferring the raw seedlings together with the root systems and surrounding soil into a greenhouse, transferring each plant of raw seedlings at intervals of 50cm, spraying clear water, covering with a plastic film, covering with a sunshade net, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 15-20 ℃ and 75%, atomizing and watering, properly ventilating after one week, completely withdrawing the sunshade net and the plastic film after 30 days, replacing and re-planting dead seedlings during the period, planting more than 4 varieties, generally configuring 1 variety for each 3-4 rows, and configuring 1 row of real-grown hazelnuts for each 6-7 rows to ensure good pollination.
S4: transplanting, namely sterilizing raw seedlings, namely, 2kg of zineb or 75% pentachloronitrobenzene, mixing 40-60kg of fine soil, scattering the raw seedlings into a seedbed, putting seedlings growing in a greenhouse into prepared planting holes, stretching root systems of the seedlings, correcting the seedlings, enabling root systems to be tightly combined with soil, filling wet soil, slightly lifting the seedlings upwards when the seedlings are half filled, compacting the seedlings while filling the soil, enabling the root systems to be tightly combined with the soil, and then building a watering tree disk with the diameter of 1 cm around the seedlings, so that watering and water storage are facilitated, and immediately watering after planting.
S5: pruning, pruning the young tree period, namely, properly cutting and cutting to increase the number of branch groups, expanding tree crowns, cultivating tree forms, pruning dried branches, growing weakened branches and branches with overlapped and close distribution, pruning the whole tree, selecting 8-10 backbone branches with good growth vigor, uniformly distributing the backbone branches in all directions, improving illumination conditions, enhancing photosynthesis, promoting growth vigor and setting, expanding tree crowns, and adjusting the relation between growth and setting so as to achieve the purposes of early setting and multiple setting. The young tree is shaped and trimmed to enlarge the crown and adjust the opening angle. The initial stage of the fruiting is mainly to increase flower buds and increase yield, and the sprouts generated by root necks are removed in time according to the sprout conditions, and generally, the sprouts are removed once in spring, autumn and winter every year. In addition, the new pruning should be paid attention to, 2-3 strong and long-standing tillers are reserved every year to replace old branches, and all other tillers are pruned.
S6: the method mainly adopts a tree plate inner watering method to soak the soil under the tree, the soaking depth is 40 cm, and the decomposed organic fertilizer or chemical fertilizer such as urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and the like is buried in the soil at the side of the flowerpot during fertilization or applied at a place far from the root neck, and then is covered with a layer of soil and watered.
In order to improve the survival rate, autumn planting is advocated. Generally, in 10-12 months, the river basin should be in the late 2 months to the early 3 months, and not more than the middle 3 months at the latest. The hazel tree planting must be completed before germination. If the seedlings are sprouted and planted, the survival rate is reduced.
The general base fertilizer amount is 2-3 years old, each plant is applied with 7-10 kg of manure, each plant of 4-5 years old is applied with 30-40 kg, each plant of 6-7 years old is applied with 50-60 kg of organic fertilizer, and the plant can be applied more appropriately with the increase of the age and the yield of the tree. The base fertilizer is applied before and after autumn fruits, the fertilizer is mainly various organic fertilizers, the application can be carried out 2 times per year, and the 1 st time is carried out on the expansion of young fruits and the vigorous growth of branch tips for a long time so as to relieve nutrient competition between new tips and young fruits; the second time is carried out after the new shoots stop growing in the middle ten days of 7 months, which is favorable for the growth and development of fruits and the enrichment of branch shoots. And spraying 0.3 to 0.5 percent of chemical fertilizers such as urea or monopotassium phosphate on leaf surfaces before, after, during young fruit period and during the later fruit growth period.
1-2 forest belts, also called wind folding lines, can be additionally arranged between the main forest belts and the auxiliary forest belts, so that the wind speed is further reduced, and the protection effect is further achieved, a crisscrossed network is formed, and late maturing peach seedlings in the forest belts can be better protected. The main forest belts can be arranged according to the distance of 300-400 meters, and the distance between the auxiliary forest belts can be increased to 500-800 meters.
Improving illumination condition, enhancing photosynthesis, promoting growth vigor and setting, enlarging crown, and regulating growth and setting relationship to achieve the aims of early setting and multiple setting. The young tree is shaped and trimmed to enlarge the crown and adjust the opening angle. As a result, the initial trimming is mainly to increase flower buds and increase yield.
Mainly cut out the withered branch, grow the debilitated branch and distribute the overlapped and close branch, select and leave 8-10 diaphyseal branches with good growth vigor, and pay attention to make it evenly distribute all directions. For the tillers generated by the root neck, unwanted tillers are removed in time according to the tillers, and generally, the tillers are removed once in spring, autumn and winter every year. In addition, the new pruning should be paid attention to, 2-3 strong and long-standing tillers are reserved every year to replace old branches, and all other tillers are pruned.
The growth vigor, survival rate and forestation rate of three hazelnut seedlings in the first example, the first comparative example and the second comparative example are counted respectively, the forestation rate is calculated according to the height of the seedlings between 5 and 8 meters and the thickness of the branches is 8 to 10cm, and the setting rate is counted after the hazelnut is forested, and the counted results are shown in the following table:
to sum up: the growth conditions and the binding rate of the three groups of hazelnut seedlings are compared to know:
1. through arrange in order soil before planting, control the spacing between the fixed planting cave to mix the soil ratio, and cultivate in the big-arch shelter before former seedling is planted, more do benefit to the growth of former seedling root system, and through the seedling of cultivating out in the big-arch shelter, the simulated growing environment can reduce seedling incidence, improves the forestation rate of seedling.
2. Through planting the protection forest in the main wind direction or the wind gap department of planting environment, set up the wind line of rolling over at planting place center, further reduced wind speed, just so formed crisscross network, can make the hazel seedling of planting obtain better protection, prevent in the real-time of corylus avellana knot, the hazel pollen is blown away by wind very easily to influence setting.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (5)
1. The planting method of the hazelnut seedlings is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: selecting a planting environment, selecting a planting environment near a river, a pond, a reservoir, a lake or other water sources, planting a protective forest in the main wind direction or at a wind gap, arranging a wind folding line in the center of a planting field, adding 1-2 forest belts between the main and auxiliary forest belts, and mixing the soil with gray forest soil and dark brown sandy soil according to a ratio of 1:1;
s2: soil finishing, namely firstly cutting off weeds and shrubs in and near a planting environment, digging stumps and tree roots, cleaning, then carrying out full-cultivation soil preparation, wherein the cultivation depth is 70-80 cm, digging planting holes after the forest land is fully cultivated and leveled, the specification length and width of each hole are 50cm multiplied by 60 cm, the interval between adjacent planting holes is 2-3 m, applying 20-30 kg of organic fertilizer in each hole, mixing the organic fertilizer with dark brown sandy soil according to a ratio of 1:1, and detecting the pH value of the soil;
s3: cultivating the original seedlings, transferring the original seedlings together with root systems and surrounding soil into a greenhouse, transferring each original seedling at intervals of 50cm, spraying clear water, covering a plastic film, covering a sunshade net, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 15-20 ℃ and 75%, atomizing and watering, properly ventilating after one week, completely removing the sunshade net and the plastic film after 30 days, and replacing and re-planting dead seedlings during the period;
s4: transplanting, namely sterilizing raw seedlings, namely, 2kg of zineb or 75% pentachloronitrobenzene, mixing 40-60kg of fine soil, scattering the raw seedlings into a seedbed, putting seedlings growing in a greenhouse into prepared planting holes, stretching root systems of the seedlings, correcting the seedlings, tightly combining root systems with soil, filling wet soil, slightly lifting the seedlings upwards when the seedlings are half filled, compacting the seedlings while filling the soil, tightly combining the root systems with the soil, and then building a watering tree disk with the diameter of 1 cm around the seedlings, so that watering and water storage are facilitated, and immediately watering after planting;
s5: pruning, namely, pruning young trees in the period of proper light pruning and short cutting to increase the number of branch groups, enlarge tree crowns, cultivate tree forms, pruning dead branches, growing weak branches and distributing overlapped and approaching branches after forming;
s6: the method mainly adopts a tree plate inner watering method to soak the soil under the tree, the soaking depth is 40 cm, and the decomposed organic fertilizer or chemical fertilizer such as urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and the like is buried in the soil at the side of the flowerpot during fertilization or applied at a place far from the root neck, and then is covered with a layer of soil and watered.
2. The method for planting hazelnut seedlings of claim 1, wherein: the specific place of the planting environment in the step S1 is good in leeward and sunny sections, meanwhile, the soil layer is deep, and the drainage is good.
3. The method for planting hazelnut seedlings of claim 1, wherein: and the pH value of the soil is required to be 6.5-7 in the step S2.
4. The method for planting hazelnut seedlings of claim 1, wherein: the organic fertilizer in the S2 comprises the following components in parts by weight: 12-16% of ammonium bicarbonate, 3% of ammonia water, 10-15% of lake mud, 5% of biogas slurry, 40-50% of straw and 20-30% of plant ash, wherein the plant ash comprises potassium sulfate and potassium chloride.
5. The method for planting hazelnut seedlings of claim 1, wherein: the root system is needed to be trimmed before the original seedlings are cultivated in the S3, the disease, the broken, the damage and the overgrowth root are removed, the whole seedlings are needed to be trimmed in the S5, the trimming is mainly to trim the dried branches, the weakened branches and the branches which are overlapped and close to each other in distribution, 8-10 backbone branches with good growth vigor are selected and reserved, and the backbone branches are uniformly distributed in all directions.
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