CN107182691A - A kind of breeding method of eucalyptus sapling - Google Patents

Abstract

A kind of breeding method of eucalyptus sapling, is related to plant cultivating method field.Step：Seed selection：Select the eucalyptus seed of full grains；Seed clear water soaks 2 10 days；Sowing：Sowed, eucalyptus seed Sand culture 30 45 days under 5 10 degrees celsius；Eucalyptus seed will ditch program request, after germination is unearthed, is managed in time, makes nursery stock fast-growth；Cultivate：In incubation step, soil soil property is soft selected by nursery, gas permeability strong loam or sandy loam, every mu of 2000Kg of organic fertilizer 1000 or so, separately plus base manure makees in 50Kg composite fertilizers；Plant：80 130cm of height are grown into grafting nursery stock, during rhizome 0.8 1cm of diameter, are transplanted；Field management：The preventing and treating of water and fertilizer management and pest and disease damage is carried out to the nursery stock after plant.The present invention solves low, the problem of seedling raising process is slow that there is survival rate in eucalyptus sapling cultivating process.

Description

A kind of breeding method of eucalyptus sapling

Technical field

The present invention relates to plant cultivating method field, and in particular to a kind of breeding method of eucalyptus sapling.

Background technology

Eucalyptus is also known as You Jiali trees, is the general designation of Myrtaceae eucalyptus plant.Eucalyptus is born in sun-drenched Plain, hillside And roadside.Whole year can picking leaves.The eucalyptus original producton location overwhelming majority is grown in Australia continent, and small part is grown on neighbouring New Guinea Island, Indonesia, and the Philippines.Introduced a fine variety in 19th century to all over the world, by 2012, there are 96 countries There is cultivation.Main distribution center has a number of in Oceania on Fujian, the Lezhou Peninsula, Yunnan and the Sichuan of China and other places Distribution.The tree crown of eucalyptus is small, and light transmittance is high, is conducive to growth careless under grove.Tree crown is small, and transpiration is also small, is water saving tree Kind.The area of 500 millimeters of annual precipitation can be typically grown in, annual precipitation growth more than 1000 millimeters is preferable.It is suitable to be born in acidity Red soil, yellow earth and the deep alluvial soil of soil layer, it is but good in the grown that soil layer is deep, loose, draining is good.Main root is deep, Wind resistance power is strong.More several necks have gnarl, reserve nutrient and Sprout reproduction.Can bloom knot for 3~4 years after general afforestation Really.

Eucalyptus is using the breeding of the methods such as sowing, grafting, cuttage and stem tip tissue culture.Eucalyptus sapling is after transplanting successfully In 3~6 months, growing way is also weaker, for ensure seedling can have abundance illumination and nutrient, it should be noted that remove weeds, it is to avoid its with Sapling competitive growth element, and exactly weed growth busy season in spring, weeding is to work.Meanwhile, to ensure soil fertility Release, will also carry out operation of loosening the soil, and should be noted that in operation and keep certain distance with sapling root, it is to avoid injury root end. Have that survival rate is low in eucalyptus sapling cultivating process, the slow shortcoming of seedling raising process.

The content of the invention

The present invention provides a kind of breeding method of eucalyptus sapling, and the present invention is solved to be existed into eucalyptus sapling cultivating process Motility rate is low, the problem of seedling raising process is slow.

To solve the above problems, the present invention is adopted the following technical scheme that：A kind of breeding method of eucalyptus sapling, the cultivation Method comprises the following steps：

Seed selection：Select the eucalyptus seed of full grains；Seed is soaked 2-10 days with clear water；

Sowing：Sowed, eucalyptus seed Sand culture 30-45 days under 5-10 degrees celsius, to improve germination percentage, Next spring vernalization sowing, every mu of application rate is in 100-250kg；Eucalyptus seed will ditch program request, after germination is unearthed, be managed in time Reason, makes nursery stock fast-growth；

Cultivate：In incubation step, soil soil property is soft selected by nursery, gas permeability strong loam or sandy loam, and every mu is applied Organic fertilizer 1000-2000Kg or so, separately adds 50Kg composite fertilizers to make base manure；

Plant：Height 80-130cm is grown into grafting nursery stock, during rhizome diameter 0.8-1cm, is transplanted；

Field management：The preventing and treating of water and fertilizer management and pest and disease damage is carried out to the nursery stock after plant.

In the plant step, during plant, seedling root is flourishing, and no disease and pests harm is small with clear water root immersion 6 before plant When more than, and root system is trimmed, thicker root system is cut into the oblique stubble of the shape of a hoof, with the raw new root of profit, planting pit is 80cm × 80cm × 60cm, cultivation seeding row spacing is 2m × 3m or 3m × 4m, uses sufficient base manure, and backfill is poured water heavy real, watered immediately after cultivation, whole tree Disk, covering film.

In the plant step, the plant time is late fall to slight snow solar term or budding period in spring, and plant soil selects soil property Soft, draining is unimpeded.

Advantages of the present invention has：The eucalyptus sapling cultivated by this method is easily managed, and growth is fast, and blade changes colour, green Change landscaping effect good.

Embodiment

The present invention is described in detail with optimal embodiment below.

A kind of breeding method of eucalyptus sapling, breeding method includes seed selection：Select the white kind of excellent full grains；

Cultivate：Stock selects eucalyptus seed, and the seed development is good, well developed root system, strong stress resistance, and healing position is firm, Bound feet phenomenon is occurred without after grafting, increment is big, the eucalyptus seed trench digging program request after processing after germination is unearthed, is entered in time Row management, makes nursery stock fast-growth；

Plant：Height 120cm or so is grown into grafting nursery stock, during rhizome diameter 1.2cm, is transplanted；

Field management：The preventing and treating of water and fertilizer management and pest and disease damage is carried out to the nursery stock after plant；

Pruning：Done, after doing calmly, to seedling stem top 20-30cm baggings, prevented surely after heading height when nursery stock reaches Only insect is caused harm, and bag is plucked in time after germination；If the nursery stock terminal bud of not up to heading height is full to be cut, excellent using top Gesture, continues to growth；To can not ensure that trunk is logical straight and do not reach heading height can stump.

In incubation step, soil soil property is soft selected by nursery, fertilizer and water condition is good, gas permeability is strong loam or sandy loam, Every mu of organic fertilizer 3000Kg or so, separately plus base manure makees in 50Kg composite fertilizers, furrow is done by the wide 1.0m of furrow face, length depending on plot, But no longer than 50m, to manage.

In incubation step, prior to seeding, eucalyptus seed is soaked one week eucalyptus seed in late November with clear water, on December Sowed before ten days is freeze-up, or Sand culture 30-45 days under 5 degrees celsius, to improve germination percentage, next spring vernalization is broadcast Kind, every mu of application rate is in 100-250kg.

In the stock incubation step, eucalyptus seed will should be planted by 25 × 5~7cm distance between rows and hills trench digging program request during sowing Sub- traverse, is grown downwards with sharp radicle, and depth of planting is 2 times or so of seed, can not be too deep or too shallow, fills permeable after broadcasting, the winter Season to before germinateing, pours water, prevents arid in time depending on sleet situation, rootstock seedling by the end of March-mid-April emerges, every mu of about 10,000 plants of left sides The right side, when rootstock seedling reaches 10cm or so, timely topdressing and watering prevents and treats pest and disease damage, promotes nursery stock to mushroom out.

In the grafting step, to bring out high-quality nursery stock, grafting time in the fall or spring, connect using wooden bud and Cleft grafting, interface highly from the ground 5-10cm, is unbinded, and carry out cut anvil in time before Second Year germination.

In the grafting step, the sprout tillers erased in time on the stock of bottom after sprouting of buddering, when scion bud sprouts long extremely During more than 15cm, quick-acting fertilizer is imposed in time, every mu is applied 15Kg or so, every 15 days once, company chases after 3-4 times, is poured immediately after topdressing Water, rainy season notes draining, to prevent nursery stock rotten death because of ponding, and pest and disease damage is prevented and treated in time, and nursery stock stops length, seedling in mid-October High reachable more than 120cm, the field planting of spring next year lifting.

In the plant step, during plant, seedling root is flourishing, and no disease and pests harm is small with clear water root immersion 6 before plant When more than, and root system is trimmed, thicker root system is cut into the oblique stubble of the shape of a hoof, with the raw new root of profit, planting pit is 80cm × 80cm × 60cm, cultivation seeding row spacing is 2m × 3m or 3m × 4m, uses sufficient base manure, and backfill is poured water heavy real, watered immediately after cultivation, whole tree Disk, covering film.

In the plant step, the plant time is late fall to slight snow solar term or budding period in spring, and plant soil selects soil property Soft, draining is unimpeded, fertile sandy loam of the soil ph value 5.5-7.2, and soil has more than 60 centimetres active soil stratum, to have compared with Good water pours condition.

The field management comprises the following steps：

Plough deeply expansion cave：Ploughed deeply, carried out in turn using interlacing, the mountain ridge, to plough deeply clay and improve the soil, applying organic manure changes Good soil；

Set the shallow plane of disk：After watering or fertilising is combined, shallow plane is carried out to tree disk, chesson improves soil granular structure, increasing Plus drought-resistant ability；

Basal dressing：Preferably base manure was applied with the autumn, cave is expanded with reference to ploughing deeply, 9-October the farm manure become thoroughly decomposed, night soil, Chicken and duck excrement, pigsty fertilizer etc. apply eucalyptus sapling plant plot, and every 4000-5000 kilograms of 667 ㎡ organic fertilizers, plus potassium sulfate are multiple 70 kilograms of 40 kilograms of Hefei or forest special fertilizer, nutritional deficiency wooden land, while mixing trace element, are applied after being sufficiently mixed with soil, Applied fertilizer using a plurality of radial canal or combine Fertilization ＆. Deep Ploughing, watered immediately after fertilising；

Topdress：Topdress 3-4 times, topdressed before spring rudiment, based on instant nitrogenousfertilizer, the later stage is based on phosphorus potash fertilizer every year；

Foliage application：Once, the urea solution of spray 2-5% before germination sprays 0.2-0.5% after germination for spray in every 10-20 days

300 times of liquid of Ye Mian Bao, 300 times of liquid of potassium dihydrogen phosphate or photosynthetic micro- fertile 400 times of liquid, with reference to insect pest preventing and controlling, even spray 3- 5 times；

Water：Poured 3-4 times depending on plant plot soil moisture, emphasis has poured water and freeze-up water before bud, plant plot soil is wet Degree requires that soil is stable with respect to water-holding capacity between 60-80%, and rainy season notes draining；

Insect pest preventing and controlling：Eucalyptus sapling pest and disease damage is lighter, insect pest mainly using Xiao's Huang palm boat moth, yellow two stars boat moth and slug moth class as

At most, disease has powdery mildew, brown spot, early baking disease, and the emphasis of preventing and treating is powdery mildew, brown spot and early dries disease, in Time 5 degree lime sulfurs of spray before germination, spray 500 times of liquid of time 70% Mancozeb or big M-45600 times of liquid at the beginning of 4 months, by the end of May 6 The beginning of the month sprays 4000-6000 times of liquid of 1.8% AVM, sprays twice raw greatly M-45600 times of liquid and thiophanate methyl 600- 7-8 months 800 times of liquid.

In the pruning step, the nursery stock after stump chooses an eugonic sprout tillers bar as trunk culture, Make its robust growth；After nursery stock does surely, clip bud is protected, promotes its fast-growth, its strong bud of lower competitiveness is erased in time Or pinching, suppress its growth.

Eucalyptus sapling is formed from eucalyptus seedling tree seed selection, and trunk is logical straight, and tree crown point Pagoda-shaped, branch is more upright, growth Gesture is strong, and increment is big, and leaf is single leaf alternate, and deep to decomposite leaf, blade heavy leather matter, leaf margin is round and smooth, and stipule is caducous, blade autumn Azarin, changes colour, very attractive in appearance, changes colour late October phase-mid-November, and blade comes off before being germinateed next March in spring.

Male flower catkin, the florescence is April, and monoecism, fruit is nut, and fruit is that a cup-shaped shell half is wrapped, and is claimed For acorn-cup.

The strain that leaf color is gorgeous, discoloration is excellent have selected by the method for seed selection of growing directly from seeds in eucalyptus and become eucalyptus new varieties-eucalyptus Sapling is set, and has carried out Grafting Experiment observation in continuous 3 years on eucalyptus stock.Experiment shows：Eucalyptus sapling new varieties, blade is fresh Based on red, multicolour collocation, gorgeous attractive in appearance, blade is thicker.The market price is high, profitable.

To prove the merit of new varieties, using eucalyptus as control, with eucalyptus sapling, new varieties vegetative propagation two on behalf of examination Material, has carried out biology, the measure of Economic Characters and has compared.The character variation of white oak, in addition to gene mutation, it is also possible to by outer Caused by portion's factor, to verify source and the genetic stability of new varieties, excluding external factor causes the possibility of character variation, Carry out grafting and Isozyme Analysis compares, it is intended to which whether the source and merit heredity for inquiring into the new varieties stablize.

Claims (1)

1. a kind of breeding method of eucalyptus sapling, it is characterised in that the breeding method comprises the following steps：

Seed selection：Select the eucalyptus seed of full grains；Seed is soaked 2-10 days with clear water；

Sowing：Sowed, eucalyptus seed Sand culture 30-45 days under 5-10 degrees celsius, to improve germination percentage, next spring Vernalization is sowed, and every mu of application rate is in 100-250kg；Eucalyptus seed will ditch program request, after germination is unearthed, be managed in time, Make nursery stock fast-growth；

Cultivate：In incubation step, soil soil property is soft selected by nursery, gas permeability strong loam or sandy loam, and every mu is applied organic Fertile 1000-2000Kg or so, separately adds 50Kg composite fertilizers to make base manure；

Plant：Height 80-130cm is grown into grafting nursery stock, during rhizome diameter 0.8-1cm, is transplanted；

Field management：The preventing and treating of water and fertilizer management and pest and disease damage is carried out to the nursery stock after plant.