CN111328613A - Digitalis purpurea and berberis blocky mixed afforestation technology - Google Patents
Digitalis purpurea and berberis blocky mixed afforestation technology Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The invention relates to a common-fell phellodendron amurense block-shaped mixed-crossing afforestation technology which comprises the following steps of S1 fine-variety nursery stock breeding, 1) sowing and seedling raising, wherein the steps of seed preparation, field preparation and bed making and sowing are carried out, management in the seedling stage comprises ① water management, ② fertilization, ② 0 thinning and seedling fixing, ② 1 weeding, 2) grafting and seedling raising, S2 field selection, S3 forest land cleaning, S4 afforestation, 1) nursery stock preparation, 2) nursery stock setting, 3) tending in the seedling stage, ① hilling, ② weeding, ③ crown cutting, ④ fertilization and ② 2 control are carried out in the seedling stage, tending in the mature stage comprises ①, ③ fertilization, ④ pruning and ⑤ pest control, and 3) intermediate felling.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of artificial afforestation, in particular to a common-species mixed afforestation technology for cutting rehmannia and amur corks.
Background
Phellodendron amurense (phellodendronamurense Rupr.) is a Phellodendron deciduous tree belonging to Rutaceae, Phellodendron amurense is an ancient relict plant, and is often scattered in broad-leaved pinus koraiensis forest as an accompanying tree species in a distribution area, so that the livestock accumulation is very small, and in addition, excessive felling and damage of people to Phellodendron amurense resources cause the Phellodendron amurense resources to be in an endangered state. In 1987, phellodendron amurense was identified as a gradually-critical species in the famous book of protected plants in rare or endangered China (first volume). Phellodendron amurense, a medicine source plant of phellodendron amurense, is listed as a national secondary protective species for intensively protecting wild medicinal materials in the famous book for national intensive protection of wild medicinal materials issued by the national medical administration in 1987.
The phellodendron amurense wood is yellow to yellow brown, is tough in material, beautiful in texture, moisture-proof, corrosion-resistant and elastic, is an important national defense and industrial material, is one of three hard broad materials in northeast, and is a precious tree species. In a distribution area, phellodendron amurense is often scattered as an accompanying tree species in broad-leaved red pine forests, the livestock volume is small, and people excessively cut the phellodendron amurense resource, so that the phellodendron amurense resource is in a failure state. The construction of artificial forests is imminent.
The preservation rate is low, the problem of building the artificial phellodendron amurense forest is always troubled due to the fact that no phellodendron amurense forest is successfully built up until now.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the technical defects and provides a common-cutting-track-radix-rehmanniae-phellodendri-block mixed afforestation technology for cultivating high-quality phellodendri seedlings, planting the high-quality seedlings in a common-cutting-track manner, and obtaining a good-quality artificial phellodendri forest through artificial nurturing.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: the common-species-cutting-down-mix-hybridization-afforestation technology for rehmannia and amur cork blocks comprises the following steps:
s1 breeding of improved seedlings:
1) sowing and seedling raising:
seed preparation: collecting seeds, threshing, air drying, removing impurities, further air selecting or water selecting plump seeds, soaking the seeds in clear water for 2-3 days, and stacking the seeds in wet sand at 0-5 deg.C for 50-60 days;
preparing soil and making a bed: deeply turning over the seedbed land in autumn, and applying base fertilizer in combination with the deep turning to form a large bed with the width of 1.2-2.4 m;
sowing: sowing in the late ten days of 4 months to the early ten days of 5 months, spraying a 0.5% potassium permanganate aqueous solution on a seedbed land before sowing, sterilizing the soil, adopting a drilling mode with the spacing of 10-12cm, compacting after sowing to ensure that the seeds are tightly combined with the bed soil, covering 0.5-1.0cm of soil, watering thoroughly by using a watering can, and covering a mulching film;
① moisture management, namely, keeping a seedbed moist and irrigating in time during drought, ② fertilization, namely, fertilizing for 2-3 times in the seedling stage, after the first and second thinning, respectively fertilizing once, wherein the 3 rd time topdressing is in the fast growing period of the seedlings, ③ thinning and final singling, namely, thinning for 2 times, thinning for the first time, pulling out diseased and weak seedlings, and reserving 80-100 plants/M when the second thinning is 10cm high2④ weeding, removing weeds in time;
2) grafting and seedling raising:
selecting a scion from the middle part of a crown, wherein the scion is 8-10 cm long and has an annual branch with complete terminal buds, cutting a short section at the base part of the scion by using a blade, gradually cutting the other side from the lower part of a reserved blade to a medulla, then cutting a half part of the scion along the medulla to enable the tail end of the scion to be flat wedge-shaped, selecting a 1-2 year section which is slightly stronger than the scion on a main stem of a stock, removing all branches and leaves of a connecting area, cutting the scion between a phloem and a xylem, aligning the wedge-shaped part of the base part of the scion to a veneer of the stock, aligning a cambium layer, and binding by using plastics;
s2 selecting: the method comprises the following steps of selecting a plot, a sunny slope or a semi-sunny slope, sandy loam and good drainage;
s3 forest land cleaning: clearing away roots and branches, carrying out autumn turnover on the forest land with a slow slope, and loosening the soil;
s4 afforestation:
1) preparing nursery stocks: selecting 1-year-old nursery stocks for phellodendron amurense afforestation;
2) setting the seedling value, namely planting the seedlings in the last ten days of May, planting the seedlings in a hole in a block shape, wherein the area of each block is 0.5-1 hectare, the row spacing of the initial plants is 1 × 1m, the diameter of a tree planting hole is 20cm, the depth is 20-30cm, hilling is performed, the seedlings are lifted upwards while being stepped, and the root system is ensured to be unfolded;
3) tending:
culturing in the young forest period, ① hilling, namely planting in summer of the current year, hilling and treading the roots of young trees in combination with weeding, ② weeding for 2-3 times per year, ③ cutting the crowns, namely cutting various germinated shrubs by using a crown cutting machine, ④ fertilizing, namely fertilizing in spring and summer, fertilizing for 2-3 times per year, applying a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, ditching around the young trees at a position 5-10cm away from the roots of the young trees according to the dosage of 40-100 g/plant of each tree age, and covering soil at the depth of 5-7cm, ⑤ preventing and controlling diseases and insect pests, namely preventing and controlling diseases and insect pests in time;
the method comprises the steps of afforestation period nurturing, ① weeding for 2-3 times per year, ② crown cutting for cutting various germinated shrubs by a crown cutting machine, ③ fertilizing for topdressing in spring and summer for 2-3 times per year, applying nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, ditching around the young trees at a position 30-50cm away from the roots of the young trees according to the dosage of 150 plus one plant per tree age and the depth of 10-15cm, applying the fertilizer and covering soil, ④ pruning for timely cutting insect branches, ⑤ preventing and treating diseases and insect pests, and timely preventing and treating diseases;
3) and thinning, namely, regulating the row spacing of plants by adopting a gradual thinning mode, namely determining thinning strength according to the canopy closure degree, thinning seedlings after 3-4 years of field planting, wherein the density is 2 × 2m, the field planting is 8-10 years, thinning is carried out in an interlaced mode, the row spacing of the plants is 2 × 4m, thinning is carried out at intervals of 12-15 years, and the row spacing of the plants is 4 × 4 m.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: cultivating high-quality phellodendron amurense seedlings, planting the high-quality seedlings in blocks in a field-cutting land by a common tree, obtaining a good phellodendron amurense artificial forest through artificial tending, successfully constructing a pure phellodendron amurense forest, and changing the reality that the phellodendron amurense is artificially planted and does not form trees.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
The common-species-cutting-down-mix-hybridization-afforestation technology for rehmannia and amur cork blocks comprises the following steps:
s1 breeding of improved seedlings:
1) sowing and seedling raising:
seed preparation: collecting seeds, threshing, air drying, removing impurities, further air selecting or water selecting plump seeds, soaking the seeds in clear water for 2-3 days, and stacking the seeds in wet sand at 0-5 deg.C for 50-60 days;
preparing soil and making a bed: deeply turning over the seedbed land in autumn, and applying base fertilizer in combination with the deep turning to form a large bed with the width of 1.2-2.4 m;
sowing: sowing in the late ten days of 4 months to the early ten days of 5 months, spraying a 0.5% potassium permanganate aqueous solution on a seedbed land before sowing, sterilizing the soil, adopting a drilling mode with the spacing of 10-12cm, compacting after sowing to ensure that the seeds are tightly combined with the bed soil, covering 0.5-1.0cm of soil, watering thoroughly by using a watering can, and covering a mulching film;
① moisture management, namely, keeping a seedbed moist and irrigating in time during drought, ② fertilization, namely, fertilizing for 2-3 times in the seedling stage, after the first and second thinning, respectively fertilizing for one time, wherein the 3 rd topdressing is performed in the fast growing period of the seedlings, ③ thinning and final planting, wherein the seedling quality is influenced due to overlarge density, and the thinning is generally performed for 2 times and at intervalsWatering thoroughly before seedling emergence, finding that the number of seedlings is large and the seedlings are crowded after seedling emergence, thinning the seedlings for the first time, and pulling out diseased and weak seedlings; when the height of the seedling is 10cm for the second thinning, 80-100 plants/M are finally reserved2④ weeding, removing weeds in time;
2) grafting and seedling raising:
in spring, before sap flows, grafting propagation is carried out by using a cambium following method, scions are selected from the middle part of a crown, are 8-10 cm long and are annual branches with complete terminal buds, a short section is cut at the base part of the scions by a blade, the other side of the scions is gradually cut to a medulla from the lower part of a reserved blade, then half of the scions are cut along the medulla to ensure that the tail ends of the scions are flat wedge-shaped, 1-2 year-old seedlings are commonly used for rootstocks, a 1-2 year section which is slightly stronger than the scions is selected on a trunk, all branches and leaves of a connecting area are removed, then the wedge-shaped part of the base part of the scions is aligned to a veneered rootstock through cutting between a phloem and a wood part, the cambium is aligned;
s2 selecting: the method has the advantages that the method selects the method which cuts the plot, the sunny slope or the semi-sunny slope and sandy loam, has good drainage, and can promote high growth by shading the big trees around the method;
s3 forest land cleaning: clearing away roots and branches, carrying out autumn turnover on the forest land with a slow slope, and loosening the soil;
s4 afforestation:
1) preparing nursery stocks: phellodendron amurense is selected as a tree for afforestation of 1 year, and GB6000-1999 provides the standard tree of phellodendron amurense of 1 year with the height of 30cm and the diameter of the ground of more than 0.5 cm. In autumn, the seedlings need to be temporarily planted in winter, and in spring, the seedlings can be directly used for afforestation. Seedling lifting in autumn is carried out after the growth of the seedlings is stopped. The temporary planting should be performed at any time, in any number and at any time. And if forestation is carried out in the next spring, overwintering and temporary planting are needed. The overwintering temporary planting needs to be sparse, deeply buried and treaded. Preventing ventilation, water inflow, air drying and mildew;
2) setting the seedling value, namely planting the seedlings in the last ten days of May, planting the seedlings in a hole in a block shape, wherein the area of each block is 0.5-1 hectare, the row spacing of the initial plants is 1 × 1m, the diameter of a tree planting hole is 20cm, the depth is 20-30cm, cutting and recording the seedling without digging roots during seedling loading, ridging and compacting, and lifting the seedlings upwards while treading soil to ensure that the root system is stretched;
3) tending:
culturing in the young forest period, ① hilling, namely planting in summer of the current year, hilling and treading the roots of young trees in combination with weeding, ② weeding for 2-3 times per year, ③ cutting the crowns, namely cutting various germinated shrubs by using a crown cutting machine, ④ fertilizing, namely fertilizing in spring and summer, fertilizing for 2-3 times per year, applying a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, ditching around the young trees at a position 5-10cm away from the roots of the young trees according to the dosage of 40-100 g/plant of each tree age, and covering soil at the depth of 5-7cm, ⑤ preventing and controlling diseases and insect pests, namely preventing and controlling diseases and insect pests in time;
the method comprises the steps of afforestation period nurturing, ① weeding for 2-3 times each year, ② crown cutting for cutting various germinated shrubs by a crown cutting machine, ③ fertilizing for topdressing in spring and summer for 2-3 times per year, applying nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, ditching around the young trees at a position 30-50cm away from the roots of the young trees according to the dosage of 150 ion seeds per plant of the young trees, wherein the dosage is 300 g/plant, the depth is 10-15cm, the fertilizer is applied and covered with soil, ④ pruning for cutting the branches with small height below the branches and properly trimming the branches at the bottoms of the crowns, ⑤ for disease and pest control, wherein the diseases and pests occur and the control is carried out in time;
3) and thinning, namely, regulating the row spacing of plants by adopting a gradual thinning mode, namely determining thinning strength according to the canopy closure degree, thinning seedlings after 3-4 years of field planting, wherein the density is 2 × 2m, the field planting is 8-10 years, thinning is carried out in an interlaced mode, the row spacing of the plants is 2 × 4m, thinning is carried out at intervals of 12-15 years, and the row spacing of the plants is 4 × 4 m.
The specific embodiment of the invention is as follows:
1. case of afforestation of grafted seedling
The Jinshan forest lands of Linjiang forestry Bureau are 126-54 'in north latitude, 41-48' in east longitude, 793m in altitude, 2-4 ℃ in annual average temperature and 750-1000 mm in annual precipitation, and belong to middle-temperature continental monsoon climate.
In 1999, the phellodendron amurense artificial forest is built by grafting the phellodendron amurense seedlings, the plant spacing is 4m ＊ 4m, after forestation, careful tending is carried out, and weeding, fertilization, pest control, pruning and the like are carried out, and the phellodendron amurense grows well in 20 years of the current forest age.
2. Case of afforestation of seedling
The Linjiang forestry administration large XiLin court is located at 126-54 'of north latitude, 41-48' of east longitude, 793m of altitude, the annual average temperature is 2-4 ℃, the annual precipitation is 750-1000 mm, and the Linjiang forestry administration large XiLin court belongs to the moderate temperate zone continental monsoon climate.
In 2001, the artificial phellodendron amurense forest is built by utilizing phellodendron amurense to sow per mu, the plant row spacing is 3m ＊ 3m, after afforestation, careful tending is carried out, and weeding, fertilization, pest control, pruning and the like are carried out, and the phellodendron amurense grows well in 18 years of current forest age.
Claims (1)
1. The common-species cutting-off-cortex phellodendri block mixed afforestation technology is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1 breeding of improved seedlings:
1) sowing and seedling raising:
seed preparation: collecting seeds, threshing, air drying, removing impurities, further air selecting or water selecting plump seeds, soaking the seeds in clear water for 2-3 days, and stacking the seeds in wet sand at 0-5 deg.C for 50-60 days;
preparing soil and making a bed: deeply turning over the seedbed land in autumn, and applying base fertilizer in combination with the deep turning to form a large bed with the width of 1.2-2.4 m;
sowing: sowing in the late ten days of 4 months to the early ten days of 5 months, spraying a 0.5% potassium permanganate aqueous solution on a seedbed land before sowing, sterilizing the soil, adopting a drilling mode with the spacing of 10-12cm, compacting after sowing to ensure that the seeds are tightly combined with the bed soil, covering 0.5-1.0cm of soil, watering thoroughly by using a watering can, and covering a mulching film;
① moisture management, namely, keeping a seedbed moist and irrigating in time during drought, ② fertilization, namely, fertilizing for 2-3 times in the seedling stage, after the first and second thinning, respectively fertilizing once, wherein the 3 rd time topdressing is in the fast growing period of the seedlings, ③ thinning and final singling, namely, thinning for 2 times, thinning for the first time, pulling out diseased and weak seedlings, and reserving 80-100 plants/M when the second thinning is 10cm high2④ weeding, removing weeds in time;
2) grafting and seedling raising:
selecting a scion from the middle part of a crown, wherein the scion is 8-10 cm long and has an annual branch with complete terminal buds, cutting a short section at the base part of the scion by using a blade, gradually cutting the other side from the lower part of a reserved blade to a medulla, then cutting a half part of the scion along the medulla to enable the tail end of the scion to be flat wedge-shaped, selecting a 1-2 year section which is slightly stronger than the scion on a main stem of a stock, removing all branches and leaves of a connecting area, cutting the scion between a phloem and a xylem, aligning the wedge-shaped part of the base part of the scion to a veneer of the stock, aligning a cambium layer, and binding by using plastics;
s2 selecting: the method comprises the following steps of selecting a plot, a sunny slope or a semi-sunny slope, sandy loam and good drainage;
s3 forest land cleaning: clearing away roots and branches, carrying out autumn turnover on the forest land with a slow slope, and loosening the soil;
s4 afforestation:
1) preparing nursery stocks: selecting 1-year-old nursery stocks for phellodendron amurense afforestation;
2) setting the seedling value, namely planting the seedlings in the last ten days of May, planting the seedlings in a hole in a block shape, wherein the area of each block is 0.5-1 hectare, the row spacing of the initial plants is 1 × 1m, the diameter of a tree planting hole is 20cm, the depth is 20-30cm, hilling is performed, the seedlings are lifted upwards while being stepped, and the root system is ensured to be unfolded;
3) tending:
culturing in the young forest period, ① hilling, namely planting in summer of the current year, hilling and treading the roots of young trees in combination with weeding, ② weeding for 2-3 times per year, ③ cutting the crowns, namely cutting various germinated shrubs by using a crown cutting machine, ④ fertilizing, namely fertilizing in spring and summer, fertilizing for 2-3 times per year, applying a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, ditching around the young trees at a position 5-10cm away from the roots of the young trees according to the dosage of 40-100 g/plant of each tree age, and covering soil at the depth of 5-7cm, ⑤ preventing and controlling diseases and insect pests, namely preventing and controlling diseases and insect pests in time;
the method comprises the steps of afforestation period nurturing, ① weeding for 2-3 times per year, ② crown cutting for cutting various germinated shrubs by a crown cutting machine, ③ fertilizing for topdressing in spring and summer for 2-3 times per year, applying nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, ditching around the young trees at a position 30-50cm away from the roots of the young trees according to the dosage of 150 plus one plant per tree age and the depth of 10-15cm, applying the fertilizer and covering soil, ④ pruning for timely cutting insect branches, ⑤ preventing and treating diseases and insect pests, and timely preventing and treating diseases;
3) and thinning, namely, regulating the row spacing of plants by adopting a gradual thinning mode, namely determining thinning strength according to the canopy closure degree, thinning seedlings after 3-4 years of field planting, wherein the density is 2 × 2m, the field planting is 8-10 years, thinning is carried out in an interlaced mode, the row spacing of the plants is 2 × 4m, thinning is carried out at intervals of 12-15 years, and the row spacing of the plants is 4 × 4 m.
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| CN113785734A (en) * | 2021-09-22 | 2021-12-14 | 江西环境工程职业学院 | Method for constructing low-yield modified castanea mollissima tannin extract broad-leaf mixed forest |
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Application publication date: 20200626 |