CN110896744A

CN110896744A - Method for grafting chrysanthemum on artemisia annua

Info

Publication number: CN110896744A
Application number: CN201911408219.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张永宽; 张莉俊
Original assignee: Wuhan Botanical Garden of CAS
Current assignee: Wuhan Botanical Garden of CAS
Priority date: 2019-12-31
Filing date: 2019-12-31
Publication date: 2020-03-24

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for grafting chrysanthemum on artemisia annua, which comprises the following steps: (1) cultivating artemisia annua stocks: sowing the seeds of the artemisia annua in the current year at any time; (2) cultivating chrysanthemum scions: in the previous year of grafting, cutting off upper branches and leaves of the mother chrysanthemum plants after the full-bloom period; (3) implementation of grafting: the grafting adopts the traditional cleft grafting method. Selecting the top tips of the chrysanthemum seedlings as scions, leaving two leaves and three leaves at the top ends, cutting off the leaves at the lower parts of the top tips at the base parts of petioles, finally sleeving the prepared self-sealing bags on the self-sealing bags, completely sleeving the scions, and pinching the bag openings; (4) cultivation after grafting: after grafting, the soil is kept moist, and the joint is not easy to heal due to water shortage. After 2 weeks, the valve bags are removed, and normal water and fertilizer management can be carried out; removing the raw material belt after 3 weeks; timely pinching according to various modeling requirements and pest control work. The method is easy to implement and simple to operate, solves the problems of low grafting survival rate, time-consuming scion maintenance after grafting, low grafting speed and the like, and the grafting survival rate reaches 99 percent.

Description

Method for grafting chrysanthemum on artemisia annua

Technical Field

The invention belongs to a plant grafting technology, and particularly relates to a method for grafting chrysanthemum by using artemisia annua.

Background

Artemisia annua L is an annual herb of Artemisia of Compositae; it is distributed throughout the country and often scattered in low-altitude, wet riverside sand, valleys, forest edges, roadside, etc. The main root is short, the lateral root is developed, the habitat adaptability is strong, and the drought resistance and waterlogging resistance are strong; strong main branches, developed lateral branches and strong disease resistance. The grafting compatibility of the artemisia annua and the chrysanthemum is good.

Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat is one of the traditional famous flowers in China and one of the four cut flowers in the world. The chrysanthemum has various varieties, various colors and thousands of postures. In recent years, chrysanthemum shows are prevalent in various domestic big cities, the showing forms are more and more, and the large-scale art chrysanthemum is popular. Besides various chrysanthemum art models can be seen on special chrysanthemum exhibition, the application of the chrysanthemum art can be seen on green lands of squares, road parterres, schools and the like. The art chrysanthemum is a modeling art chrysanthemum which is cultivated and manufactured by using the characteristic that the chrysanthemum is easy to model and adopting multi-purpose art techniques such as grafting, trimming, shaping, binding and the like. In the process of modeling, if a certain branch scion is dead, the whole artistic modeling is greatly influenced, so that a method with high survival rate and high grafting efficiency is necessary to be selected.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for grafting and cultivating chrysanthemum by using artemisia annua as a stock, which has the advantages of easily obtained required tools, easy method and simple operation, solves the technical problems of low grafting survival rate, time-consuming scion maintenance after grafting, low grafting speed and the like, and achieves the grafting survival rate of 99%.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a method for grafting chrysanthemum on artemisia annua comprises the following steps:

(1) cultivating artemisia annua stocks:

the seeds of artemisia annua in the year are sown at any time, generally in the middle of 11 months. After the seeds are sowed for about 20 days, young seedlings with the height of about 3cm are transplanted into a plug tray with 50 holes. After about 30 days of cultivation in the plug, the plug is transplanted into a crock with the caliber of 12cm multiplied by the height of 11cm, and then the crock with the size of one is changed every time the plug grows to a certain extent.

(2) Cultivating chrysanthemum scions:

in the previous year of grafting, the branches and leaves at the upper part of the mother chrysanthemum plant can be cut off after 15cm away from the pot soil after the full-bloom period. In winter, the pot soil is insisted on the principle of dry and wet (dry and wet are common terms for planting flowers, and mean that the pot soil is watered thoroughly once when being watered and then watered for the second time when the soil is dried thoroughly, and the pot soil has the function of preventing root rot caused by excessive watering and plant diseases and insect pests caused by dampness), and 1-2 times of thin liquid fertilizer (liquid fertilizer after fermentation and decomposition of broken bean cakes, and the formula is 8 tons of water and ladles of decomposed bean cakes). After germination in spring, a proper amount of inorganic fertilizer can be applied, the fertilizer is dissolved in water and applied in an irrigation mode, the concentration can be gradually increased, but the application concentration does not exceed 3 per thousand. In order to obtain enough scions, the branches of the mother plants are subjected to pinching 1-2 times. And (3) performing pest control work on the mother chrysanthemum plant before grafting.

The inorganic fertilizer is a mineral fertilizer, also called a chemical fertilizer, and is called a chemical fertilizer for short. It is characterized by simple components, high effective components, easy water dissolution, fast decomposition, easy absorption by root system, etc., so it is called quick-acting fertilizer. The common fertilizers are both inorganic fertilizers. The inorganic fertilizer is produced by chemical synthesis method, including nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and compound fertilizer.

(3) Implementation of grafting:

the grafting adopts the traditional cleft grafting method. Selecting the top end of a chrysanthemum seedling with the length of 5cm as a scion, leaving two or three leaves at the top end, and cutting off the larger leaf at the lower part at the base of a petiole. Then, the scion is cut into a wedge shape with the length of about 1cm by a single-side blade, the cutting action is fast and one-step forming is needed, and the flatness of the wedge surface is guaranteed. And then cutting off the stock from the grafted part, splitting the stock from the middle of the stock by using a blade, inserting the scion into the split part, aligning the cambiums of the stock and the scion, and aligning the cambiums of one side if the thickness difference between the two is slightly larger. The interface is tightly wound by a raw material belt. Finally, the prepared self-sealing bag is sleeved on the self-sealing bag, the scion is completely sleeved, and the bag opening is pinched and bound.

(4) Cultivation after grafting:

after grafting, the soil is kept moist, and the joint is not easy to heal due to water shortage. After 2 weeks, the valve bags are removed, and normal water and fertilizer management can be carried out; removing the raw material belt after 3 weeks; timely pinching according to various modeling requirements. The pest control work comprises the steps of spraying bactericides such as chlorothalonil, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl, mancozeb, triadimefon and the like once every 10 days, and alternately applying the bactericides; the pesticide is mainly applied according to the control object and the occurrence season, and mainly comprises imidacloprid, abamectin, emamectin benzoate, acetamiprid, cyromazine, beta-cypermethrin, dichlorvos and the like.

The grafting step can be well completed through the technical measures, the survival rate can reach 99 percent, and the method is a key link in the process of shaping the art chrysanthemum. By mastering the key technology, the grafted branch in the rootstock can be selected according to the requirement of target modeling, and the length of the grafted branch is determined for grafting. Solves the difficulty that the whole ornamental quality is seriously influenced by the death of part of the scions in the modeling process. The survival rate is high, so that the condition that the molding failure is caused by the death of the scion or the molding line is influenced by the shortening of grafting again can be avoided.

The innovation point of the invention is to creatively select two materials with excellent characteristics, namely the transparent plastic valve bag and the raw material tape. The transparent plastic self-sealing bag has the performances of light transmission and moisture preservation, and solves the pair of contradiction between the illumination requirement and the moisture preservation requirement of the grafting scion. The joint of the scion and the stock is selectively wound and bound by the raw material belt, the raw material belt has excellent sealing performance, can ensure that the moisture at the joint is not lost, has the advantage of easy tearing by hand force, and greatly improves the grafting efficiency.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects:

(1) the method is simple and easy to implement, convenient to operate, high in grafting survival rate, capable of realizing complete survival of once grafting, free of repeated grafting and good in modeling effect. Solves the problem that the low survival rate of grafting scions in the production process of the shaped chrysanthemum affects the production quality of the shaped chrysanthemum lines and the like.

(2) The method of covering the scions with the transparent self-sealing bags for moisturizing can avoid the problems that time and labor are wasted by repeated opening and closing of the traditional methods such as independent shielding of each scion with newspaper or large-area shielding with a sunshade net, save time and cost and improve efficiency.

Detailed Description

Example 1:

the present invention will be further described with reference to the following embodiments.

(1) cultivating artemisia annua stocks:

and (4) harvesting the artemisia annua seeds in 11 months and 10 days, and sowing the seeds in a greenhouse by using nutrient soil filled in a plastic basket. In the last 12 months, young seedlings with the height of about 3cm are transplanted into a plug tray with 50 holes. Transplanting the flowerpot into a tile pot with the caliber of 12cm multiplied by the height of 11cm in the last ten days of 1 month, and changing the tile pot with the first size when the root in the pot is full. In the last ten days of 4 months, selecting artemisia annua seedlings with the height of 80cm, and changing the seedlings into flowerpots with the caliber of 30cm multiplied by the height of 24 cm. Selecting artemisia annua with thick main branches and long internode length (namely sparse lateral branches) as the stock in the middle ten days of 4 months. And 4, in late ten days of the month, moving all artemisia selengensis seedlings to the outdoors for cultivation.

(2) Cultivating chrysanthemum scions:

in the previous 11 months, two ball-shaped flower varieties of a yellow stone male (one of ten traditional Chinese chrysanthemum, also is a common grafting variety for modeling of Taju and Helichrysum) and a red lotus are selected as scion stock plants. Because the amount of scions needed by the Taju is large, the method comprises the following steps: chrysanthemum scion stock plant, 40 plants of yellow stone male and red lotus are prepared according to the proportion of 1: 4. And (4) after 11 months and 30 days, cutting off branches and leaves at the upper part of the scion stock plant when the pot is separated from the soil by about 10cm, and putting a layer of decomposed cake fertilizer with the thickness of 3cm at the bottom when the pot is changed to be large. The principle of dry and wet is adhered to in winter watering. In winter, 20 days in 12 months and 25 days in 1 month, the balanced compound fertilizer (purchased in the market) with the concentration of 1 per mill 20-20-20 is applied twice. In spring, the balanced compound fertilizer with the concentration of 1 per mill is applied once in 15 days in 2 months, and the balanced compound fertilizer with the concentration of 2 per mill is applied once in 10 days in 3 months. In order to obtain enough scions, the scion stock was cored 1 time on day 3, month 15. Spraying 800 times of wettable powder of 50 percent chlorothalonil for 1 time in 22 days after 3 months. Spraying 1000 times of 50% thiophanate methyl wettable powder for 1 time in 2 days after 4 months.

(3) Implementation of grafting:

grafting time: grafting was started at 4 months and 5 days, and continued for 6 months and 30 days.

And (3) grafting level: firstly, carrying out first-layer grafting on a lateral branch 20cm away from the ground, and grafting 4-5 branches on the first layer. And 3-4 branches are connected in layers at intervals of 20 or 25 cm. Waiting for 7-10 days for the lateral branches to grow (thickening to 0.3-0.4cm, length 15-20cm) every layer. The capping grafting is determined according to the height designed by the user, and the height of the capping grafting is set to be 3 m. The specific grafting operation is as follows: the cleft grafting method is adopted. Selecting the top end of a chrysanthemum seedling with the length of 5cm as a scion, leaving two or three leaves at the top end, and cutting off the larger leaf at the lower part at the base of a petiole. Then, the scion is cut into a wedge shape with the length of about 1cm by a single-side blade, the cutting action is fast and one-step forming is needed, and the flatness of the wedge surface is guaranteed. Then the stock is cut off from the grafted part, and the stock is cut off from the middle of the stock by a blade, and the depth of the stock is slightly longer than the section of the scion. The scion is inserted into the split position, the cambium of the scion and the cambium of the scion are aligned, and if the thickness difference of the scion and the cambium of the cambium is slightly larger, the cambium of one side of the scion and the cambium of the cambium. The interface is tightly wound by a raw material belt. And finally, sleeving the prepared self-sealing bag on the scion, and pinching the bag mouth.

(4) Cultivation after grafting:

because the grafting of the Taju is a long-term process, the scions grafted on each layer pay attention to the removal time of the self-sealing bag and the raw material belt. The valve bag is removed in 2 weeks, and the raw material tape is removed in 3 weeks.

After the grafting survived, pinching once every 20 days according to the growth condition of each layer. The grafting time of the lower part is early, and the pinching times are more. When 5 true leaves grow on the branch, pinching for the first time and leaving 3 leaves, then leaving 2-3 leaves each time, pinching for 5 times, and stopping pinching in the beginning of autumn. The grafting time of the middle upper part is later than that of the lower part, the pinching times are slightly less, and the pinching is performed for 3 times in total. And (3) pinching 1 time or not pinching according to the requirement of time nodes after the scion at the top survives if the time is sufficient.

During the whole grafting period (4-6 months) and the high temperature period of 6-8 months, the balanced compound fertilizer with the concentration of 2 per mill is applied once a week according to the principle of thin fertilizer application. After the beginning of autumn, the fertilizing concentration is gradually increased and is not more than 4 per thousand. In addition, once per week, the foliage of the plant is sprayed with potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution or microelement water-soluble fertilizer, and the two foliar fertilizers are applied alternately.

Because of the tall plant of Taju, in order to prevent lodging, a bamboo pole (1-2cm thick) should be inserted in the middle close to the main stem of Artemisia annua during grafting, and the Taju is bound in layers. After grafting, the weight of each scion can be rapidly increased along with continuous growth of the scion after pinching once, and some support frames are required to be newly made in order to prevent the lateral branches from being broken in a rainy day. After 7 months and 12 days, 3 bamboo poles are uniformly inserted around the basin, and the upper end of the basin is bound with the central bamboo pole to form a bundle; then, each layer is bound with bamboo skin from bottom to top, and each layer of branches is drawn to the bamboo ring and appropriately bound and fixed.

Spraying 2000 times of liquid of imidacloprid wettable powder with the concentration of 10% for 2 times to prevent and control aphids. 3000 times of liquid of 70 percent of cyromazine wettable powder is sprayed for 2 times to prevent and control the liriomyza sativae. Spraying 1500 times of 80% dichlorvos emulsifiable solution for 2 times, and 1000 times of 1.1% emamectin benzoate emulsifiable solution for 2 times to prevent and control beet armyworms and prodenia litura.

Spraying 1000 times of solution of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder for 2 times, spraying 1000 times of solution of 50% thiophanate methyl wettable powder for 2 times, spraying 800 times of solution of 65% mancozeb wettable powder for 2 times, and spraying 1000 times of solution of 15% triazolone wettable powder for 2 times. The bactericidal agents are alternately applied to prevent and treat powdery mildew, anthracnose, brown spot and the like.

Mounting the flower on the bamboo rings for 10 months, 22 days to 28 days, and uniformly binding the colored flower buds to the bamboo rings on each layer. Through the measures, the applicant obtains the pagoda-shaped chrysanthemum with consistent flowering period, distinct gradation and unique shape of 20 pots.

The technical measures mainly solve the problems of low grafting survival rate, time-consuming scion maintenance after grafting, low grafting speed and the like. The method can ensure that the grafting survival rate reaches 99 percent; after grafting, the scion is sleeved by a transparent plastic self-sealing bag, so that the illumination is not influenced, the air around the scion can be kept moist, and the scion leaves are prevented from being dehydrated and dead; the joint of the scion and the stock is wound and bound by a raw material belt, and the raw material belt has excellent sealing property, corrosion resistance and easy cutting.

The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but are not limited to such applications, and modifications made in accordance with the present invention, such as applications in marigold, cliff's chrysanthemum, potted landscapes, etc., are within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for grafting chrysanthemum on artemisia annua comprises the following steps:

(1) cultivating artemisia annua stocks: sowing the seeds of the artemisia annua in the same year at the same time, transplanting seedlings with the height of 3cm into a plug tray with 50 holes 20 days after the seeds are sowed in 11 middle-month, cultivating the seedlings in the plug tray for 30 days, transplanting the seedlings into a tile pot with the caliber of 12cm multiplied by the height of 11cm, and changing a large tile pot every time the seedlings grow to a certain extent;

(2) cultivating chrysanthemum scions: in the previous year of grafting, cutting off branches and leaves at the upper part of the mother chrysanthemum plant 15cm away from pot soil after the full-bloom period, watering in winter until the mother chrysanthemum plant is dry and wet, and applying 1-2 times of thin liquid fertilizer in an irrigation mode when the pot soil is dry by selecting proper time: fermenting the bean cakes to become thoroughly decomposed, applying inorganic fertilizer after sprouting in spring, wherein the application concentration is not more than 3 per mill, and pinching branches of parent plants for 1-2 times;

(3) implementation of grafting: the grafting adopts a traditional cleft grafting method, the top shoot of a chrysanthemum seedling with the length of 5cm is selected as a scion, two leaves and three leaves are left at the top end, the leaf at the lower part is cut off at the base part of a leaf stalk, then the scion is cut into a wedge shape with the length of 1cm by a single-sided blade, then a stock is cut off from the grafted part, the blade is used for splitting from the middle of the stock, the scion is inserted into the split part and is aligned with the cambiums of the scion and the scion, the interface is tightly wound by a raw material belt, and finally, a self-sealing bag is sleeved on the self-;

(4) cultivation after grafting: keeping the soil moist after grafting, removing the self-sealing bag after 2 weeks, and performing normal water and fertilizer management; removing the raw material belt after 3 weeks; pinching according to various types of models and pest control work: chlorothalonil, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl, mancozeb and triadimefon bactericide are sprayed once every 10 days and are alternately applied.

2. The method for grafting chrysanthemum on artemisia annua according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the inorganic fertilizer is mineral fertilizer, including nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and compound fertilizer.

3. The method for grafting chrysanthemum on artemisia annua according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the pesticide is applied according to the control object and the occurrence season, and comprises imidacloprid, abamectin, emamectin benzoate, acetamiprid, cyromazine, beta-cypermethrin and dichlorvos.