CN115053706A - Method for cultivating florists chrysanthemum grafted folium artemisiae argyi - Google Patents
Method for cultivating florists chrysanthemum grafted folium artemisiae argyi Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
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- 241000723353 Chrysanthemum Species 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 244000189548 Chrysanthemum x morifolium Species 0.000 claims description 57
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- TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbendazim Natural products C1=CC=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
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- 239000000661 sodium alginate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229940005550 sodium alginate Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001138 artemisia absinthium Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- SEOVTRFCIGRIMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indole-3-acetic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(CC(=O)O)=CNC2=C1 SEOVTRFCIGRIMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
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- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- FPAFDBFIGPHWGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxomagnesium;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Mg]=O.[Mg]=O.[Mg]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O FPAFDBFIGPHWGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims description 5
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- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 claims description 5
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- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000003097 mucus Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazinane-5-carboximidamide Chemical compound CN1CC(C(N)=N)C(=O)NC1=O IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940045110 chitosan Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003617 indole-3-acetic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- JTEDVYBZBROSJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N indole-3-butyric acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(CCCC(=O)O)=CNC2=C1 JTEDVYBZBROSJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- PRPINYUDVPFIRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-naphthaleneacetic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(CC(=O)O)=CC=CC2=C1 PRPINYUDVPFIRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010418 carrageenan Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000679 carrageenan Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001525 carrageenan Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940113118 carrageenan Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- CRQQGFGUEAVUIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorothalonil Chemical compound ClC1=C(Cl)C(C#N)=C(Cl)C(C#N)=C1Cl CRQQGFGUEAVUIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- YFNCATAIYKQPOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiophanate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OCC YFNCATAIYKQPOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L zinc;1-(5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)-3-[(1s,2s)-2-(6-fluoro-2-hydroxy-3-propanoylphenyl)cyclopropyl]urea;diacetate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C([C@H]2[C@H](C2)NC(=O)NC=2N=CC(=CC=2)C#N)=C1O UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 claims 5
- 235000010894 Artemisia argyi Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 241001435059 Artemisia argyi Species 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 abstract description 9
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 abstract description 9
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- 235000003261 Artemisia vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 4
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- 244000273618 Sphenoclea zeylanica Species 0.000 description 4
- 239000000447 pesticide residue Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000009051 Ambrosia paniculata var. peruviana Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000003097 Artemisia absinthium Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000017731 Artemisia dracunculus ssp. dracunculus Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000029663 wound healing Effects 0.000 description 2
- 206010003210 Arteriosclerosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010017553 Furuncle Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010020772 Hypertension Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000264060 Lethrinus Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920000715 Mucilage Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 244000082204 Phyllostachys viridis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/10—Aromatic or araliphatic carboxylic acids, or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/14—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings
- A01N43/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- A01N43/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom five-membered rings
- A01N43/38—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom five-membered rings condensed with carbocyclic rings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
- A01N47/10—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof
- A01N47/18—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof containing a —O—CO—N< group, or a thio analogue thereof, directly attached to a heterocyclic or cycloaliphatic ring
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
- A01P21/00—Plant growth regulators
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
- A01P3/00—Fungicides
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating tribute chrysanthemum grafted folium artemisiae argyi, wherein the tribute chrysanthemum is grafted by taking folium artemisiae argyi as a stock, the folium artemisiae argyi has good natural disease and pest resistance, and the folium artemisiae argyi belongs to the same species of the Compositae, so that the grafted tribute chrysanthemum has the disease and pest resistance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of flower cultivation, in particular to a method for cultivating tribute chrysanthemum grafted folium artemisiae argyi.
Background
Florists Chrysanthemum is the dry capitate of cultivated varieties of Chrysanthemum of the Compositae family, and is named as Chrysanthemum morifolium (Ramat) Tzvel, Gongju' which is recorded in Ben Cao gang mu as nine hundred varieties of Chrysanthemum. Florists chrysanthemum is recorded in Chinese pharmacopoeia (2020 edition) and Chinese herbal piece processing standard in Anhui province (2019 edition). Florists chrysanthemum is also called Huangshan florists chrysanthemum and Huizhou florists chrysanthemum, also called Huizhou chrysanthemum. The chrysanthemum of four names of China is called together with Hangzhou chrysanthemum, Chuzhou chrysanthemum and Bo chrysanthemum. Because it is used as a tribute in ancient times and is contributed to emperors, it is named "tribute chrysanthemum".
Huangshan tribute chrysanthemum is originally called ' Huizhou tribute chrysanthemum ', also called huizhou chrysanthemum ', and is a good variety bred from chrysanthemum population. Mainly produced between the famous tourist resort Huangshan scenic spot and the cool peak of the national-level natural reserve. The chrysanthemum is originally produced in Jinzhuling Ling of she county, is only produced in Jinzhuling Ling of Anhui she county, grows in mountainous regions with relatively high altitude, mountains and mountains of Huangshan tribute chrysanthemum production areas fluctuate, green water flows for a long time, summer does not have summer heat, winter does not have severe cold, four seasons are clear, the chrysanthemum is warm and humid, the rain quantity is abundant, the sunlight is sufficient, the annual average temperature is 16.4 ℃, and the chrysanthemum belongs to tropical northern marginal areas and is particularly suitable for the growth of tribute chrysanthemum. Due to the unique climatic conditions and the excellent ecological environment of the mountain, the florists chrysanthemum is different from the florists chrysanthemum growing on the plain in appearance form and quality, and has both ornamental value and medicinal function. The production of Huangshan tribute chrysanthemum is very exquisite, after the fresh chrysanthemum is picked, the chrysanthemum is dried in the shade by bamboo \31775, and then the chrysanthemum is baked by charcoal fire with great intensity, and the finished tribute chrysanthemum is better in large and white flower. Florists chrysanthemum is always regarded as an important Chinese medicinal material and exported to southeast Asia.
Huangshan tribute chrysanthemum has the functions of dispelling wind and clearing heat, nourishing liver and improving eyesight, and cooling and detoxicating, and can be used for treating common cold, furuncle and pyogenic infections, high blood pressure, arteriosclerosis and other diseases. As a traditional Chinese medicine and a health care product, the health care and medical value of florists chrysanthemum is generally accepted by consumers, and the florists chrysanthemum has great market potential. As the quality requirement of Chinese pharmacopoeia (2020 edition) on Chinese medicinal materials is integrally improved, pesticide residue is a hard quality index of plant Chinese medicinal materials, and the current florists chrysanthemum planting also faces the problem of pesticide residue and the acute problems of disease resistance, insect damage resistance and the like of florists chrysanthemum.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a method for cultivating tribute chrysanthemum grafted folium artemisiae argyi, wherein the tribute chrysanthemum is grafted and planted by using folium artemisiae argyi as stock wood, the folium artemisiae argyi has good natural disease and pest resistance, and the folium artemisiae argyi belongs to the same Compositae variety, so that tribute chrysanthemum can be easily grafted, the grafted tribute chrysanthemum plant has the disease and pest resistance, and during field planting management, a special fertilizer for tribute chrysanthemum is used in an auxiliary manner, so that the later-stage fertilization and pesticide application times can be effectively reduced, the soil pesticide residue and heavy metal can be reduced, the growth requirement of the grafted tribute chrysanthemum can be effectively guaranteed, and the disease and pest resistance of the tribute chrysanthemum can be improved.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for cultivating florists chrysanthemum grafted folium artemisiae argyi comprises the following specific steps:
firstly, stock selection:
selecting a feverfew-wormwood seedling in month 2, and taking a hollow stem at the lower part of the seedling as a stock when a main stem is cultivated in a greenhouse and reaches the thickness of 0.3-0.4cm without leaving bottom leaf buds;
II, scion selection:
when the stock is used for breeding seedlings, selecting and breeding florists chrysanthemum seedlings, and taking the upper part without lignification as scions when the florists chrysanthemum seedlings grow to 6-10 cm;
thirdly, grafting:
s1, splitting the stock from the middle of the main stem by adopting a cleft grafting method, wherein the depth is 0.5-0.8cm, taking a tender tip with three leaves and one core as a scion, cutting oblique openings on two sides of the stem, inserting the stem into the cut of the stock, and coating a water-retaining agent containing a bactericide;
s2, spraying a pesticide for disinfection within 6-12 hours after grafting;
s3, preparing a seedbed: preparing a matrix by adopting turfy soil and perlite according to a certain proportion, sprinkling and stirring 800 times of carbendazim liquid, placing the wetted matrix on a seedbed, and paving a layer of talcum powder on the surface of the wetted matrix;
s4, planting the grafted seedlings into a seedbed, irrigating the seedlings thoroughly once, adopting a mode of slowly irrigating with thin water without damaging joints and scouring the matrix, and ensuring that the air humidity in the seedbed reaches more than 90% after the irrigation; shading by adopting shading cloth, wherein the shading rate reaches 100%, the control shading is more than 24h, shading cultivation for three days is carried out, strict shading and sealing are carried out, and the states of warmth, no light and saturated humidity are kept; half-shading cultivation is carried out for a week after three days, noon shading is selected for 3 hours during half-shading treatment, the curtain is uncovered for light transmission in the rest time, shading is not carried out any more after half-shading cultivation is finished, and water is supplemented in time;
s5, controlling the cultivation temperature in the seedbed: keeping the temperature at 35 + -2 deg.C for the first three days, reducing the temperature to 30 + -2 deg.C for the last three days, properly ventilating and freezing the seedling after one week, controlling the temperature at 25-28 deg.C in daytime and 15-18 deg.C at night;
s6, after 15 days of cultivation, transferring to normal chrysanthemum seedling cultivation management, and when the grafted plant grows to 12-15cm, timely transferring to field for conventional management.
Fourthly, fertilization management:
the chrysanthemum seedlings transferred into the field are subjected to fertilization management by adopting the special fertilizer for the florists chrysanthemum, and the fertilization times and the application amount are reduced according to the growth condition of the chrysanthemum seedlings.
In one embodiment of the present invention: in the grafting step S1, before grafting, when neither the rootstock nor the scion generates plant mucilage, the rootstock and the scion are dipped in the healing agent solution quickly, and then the scion is inserted into the rootstock notch immediately so as to align with the cambium.
Further, the healing agent liquid medicine comprises 0.2-0.8% of bactericide, 3-8% of film forming agent, 0.3-1% of sodium alginate oligosaccharide, 0.05-0.1% of rooting agent and the balance of distilled water.
Still further, the film forming agent comprises one or more of sodium alginate, chitosan and carrageenan.
Still further, the rooting agent comprises one or more of indolebutyric acid, indoleacetic acid, naphthylacetic acid.
In one embodiment of the present invention: in the grafting step S1, the water-retaining agent is super absorbent resin gel, and the specific use method is as follows:
(1) 0.2 to 2 portions of super absorbent resin powder is put into 100 portions of distilled water containing 0.05 to 0.1 percent of bactericide, and is stirred evenly and stands for 10 to 15 minutes to obtain a gelatinous water-retaining agent containing the bactericide;
(2) the gelatinous water-retaining agent is smeared around the grafting opening and then is tightly bound and compacted by a plastic film from top to bottom.
Furthermore, the super absorbent resin powder is starch grafted acrylate, the water absorption capacity is 200-300 times, and the particle diameter of the powder is 1000-1200 meshes.
Furthermore, the bactericide is one of chlorothalonil, thiophanate and carbendazim.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, the chrysanthemum morifolium ramat is grafted and planted by taking the wormwood as the rootstock, and the wormwood has good natural disease and pest resistance, and the chrysanthemum morifolium belongs to the same Compositae variety, so that the chrysanthemum morifolium ramat plant after grafting has the disease and pest resistance, and during field planting management, the special fertilizer for the chrysanthemum morifolium ramat is used in an auxiliary manner, so that the later-stage fertilization and pesticide application times can be effectively reduced, the soil pesticide residue and heavy metal can be reduced, the growth requirement of the grafted chrysanthemum morifolium ramat can be effectively guaranteed, and the disease and pest resistance of the chrysanthemum morifolium ramat can be improved.
2. During grafting, the rootstock is dipped in the healing agent liquid medicine, the growth of cells at the position of a grafting wound is promoted by utilizing the sodium alginate oligosaccharide, the cambium wound is subjected to water retention by utilizing the film-forming agent, the water loss at the wound is avoided, the growth of the cells at the cambium wound is promoted by utilizing the rooting agent, and the wound healing is promoted; meanwhile, the water-retaining agent is used for coating the wound after grafting, the humidity of the wound is guaranteed, the effect of promoting wound healing is achieved, and in addition, the grafted seedling is shaded, so that the grafting survival rate is effectively improved.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.
Example 1
A method for cultivating florists chrysanthemum grafted folium artemisiae argyi comprises the following specific steps:
firstly, stock selection:
selecting a feverfew-wormwood seedling in month 2, taking a hollow stem at the lower part of the seedling as a stock when a main stem is cultivated in a greenhouse and reaches the thickness of 0.3cm, and leaving no bottom leaf bud;
II, scion selection:
when the stock is used for breeding seedlings, selecting and breeding florists chrysanthemum seedlings, and taking the upper part without lignification as scions when the florists chrysanthemum seedlings grow to 8 cm;
thirdly, grafting:
s1, splitting the stock from the middle of a main stem by adopting a cleft grafting method, wherein the depth is 0.6cm, taking a tender tip with three leaves and one heart for the scion, cutting oblique openings on two sides of the stem, quickly dipping the scion in healing agent liquid medicine before grafting when no plant mucus is generated on the stock and the scion, and then embedding the scion into the cut of the stock while setting the scion to align to a cambium;
the healing agent liquid comprises 0.4% of carbendazim, 4% of sodium alginate, 0.6% of sodium alginate oligosaccharide, 0.08% of indole butyric acid and the balance of distilled water.
And coating a water-retaining agent containing a bactericide: the water-retaining agent adopts super absorbent resin gel, and the specific use method comprises the following steps:
(1) putting 3g of super absorbent resin powder into 1000mL of distilled water containing 0.06% carbendazim, uniformly stirring, standing for 10 minutes to obtain a gelatinous water-retaining agent containing a bactericide;
(2) and (3) taking down the grafting clip, smearing the gelatinous water-retaining agent around the grafting opening, and then tightly binding and compacting the grafting clip by using a plastic film from top to bottom.
S2, spraying a pesticide within 12 hours after grafting for disinfection;
s3, preparing a seedbed: preparing a matrix by adopting turfy soil and perlite according to a ratio of 1:1, splashing and stirring 800 times of carbendazim liquid, placing the wetted matrix on a seedbed, and paving a layer of talcum powder on the surface of the wetted matrix;
s4, planting the grafted seedlings into a seedbed, irrigating the seedlings thoroughly once, adopting a mode of slowly irrigating with thin water without damaging joints and scouring the matrix, and ensuring that the air humidity in the seedbed reaches more than 90% after the irrigation; shading by adopting shading cloth, wherein the shading rate reaches 100%, the control shading is more than 24h, shading cultivation for three days is carried out, strict shading and sealing are carried out, and the states of warmth, no light and saturated humidity are kept; half-shading cultivation is carried out for a week after three days, noon shading is selected for 3 hours during half-shading treatment, the curtain is uncovered for light transmission in the rest time, shading is not carried out any more after half-shading cultivation is finished, and water is supplemented in time;
s5, controlling the cultivation temperature in the seedbed: keeping the temperature at 35 ℃ for the first three days, reducing the temperature to 30 ℃ after the first three days, properly ventilating and freezing the seedlings after one week, controlling the temperature at 25 ℃ in the daytime and 18 ℃ at night;
s6, after 15 days of cultivation, transferring to normal chrysanthemum seedling cultivation management, and when the grafted plant grows to 12-15cm, timely transferring to field for conventional management.
In the embodiment, 100 plants are grafted, survival conditions are observed 15 days after grafting, 94 plants survive, and the survival rate reaches 94%.
Example 2
A method for cultivating florists chrysanthemum grafted folium artemisiae argyi comprises the following specific steps:
firstly, stock selection:
selecting a feverfew-wormwood seedling in month 2, taking a hollow stem at the lower part of the seedling as a stock when a main stem is cultivated in a greenhouse and reaches the thickness of 0.3cm, and leaving no bottom leaf bud;
II, scion selection:
when the stock is used for breeding seedlings, selecting and breeding florists chrysanthemum seedlings, and taking the upper part without lignification as scions when the florists chrysanthemum seedlings grow to 8 cm;
thirdly, grafting:
s1, splitting the stock from the middle of a main stem by adopting a cleft grafting method, wherein the depth is 0.6cm, taking a tender tip with three leaves and one heart for the scion, cutting oblique openings on two sides of the stem, quickly dipping the scion in healing agent liquid medicine before grafting when no plant mucus is generated on the stock and the scion, and then embedding the scion into the cut of the stock while setting the scion to align to a cambium;
the healing agent liquid comprises 0.4% of carbendazim, 4% of chitosan, 0.6% of sodium alginate oligosaccharide, 0.08% of indoleacetic acid and the balance of distilled water.
And coating a water-retaining agent containing a bactericide: the water-retaining agent adopts super absorbent resin gel, and the specific use method comprises the following steps:
(1) putting 3g of super absorbent resin powder into 1000mL of distilled water containing 0.06% carbendazim, uniformly stirring, standing for 10 minutes to obtain a gelatinous water-retaining agent containing a bactericide;
(2) and (3) taking down the grafting clip, smearing the gelatinous water-retaining agent around the grafting opening, and then tightly binding and compacting the grafting clip by using a plastic film from top to bottom.
S2, spraying a pesticide within 12 hours after grafting for disinfection;
s3, preparing a seedbed: preparing a matrix by adopting turfy soil and perlite according to a ratio of 1:1, splashing and stirring 800 times of carbendazim liquid, placing the wetted matrix on a seedbed, and paving a layer of talcum powder on the surface of the wetted matrix;
s4, planting the grafted seedlings into a seedbed, irrigating the seedlings thoroughly once, adopting a mode of slowly irrigating with thin water without damaging joints and scouring the matrix, and ensuring that the air humidity in the seedbed reaches more than 90% after the irrigation; shading by adopting shading cloth, wherein the shading rate reaches 100%, the control shading is more than 24h, shading cultivation for three days is carried out, strict shading and sealing are carried out, and the states of warmth, no light and saturated humidity are kept; half-shading cultivation is carried out for a week after three days, noon shading is selected for 3 hours during half-shading treatment, the curtain is uncovered for light transmission in the rest time, shading is not carried out any more after half-shading cultivation is finished, and water is supplemented in time;
s5, controlling the cultivation temperature in the seedbed: keeping the temperature at 35 ℃ for the first three days, reducing the temperature to 30 ℃ after the first three days, properly ventilating and freezing the seedlings after one week, controlling the temperature at 25 ℃ in the daytime and 18 ℃ at night;
s6, after 15 days of cultivation, transferring to normal chrysanthemum seedling cultivation management, and when the grafted plant grows to 12-15cm, timely transferring to field for conventional management.
In the example, 100 plants were grafted, survival was observed 15 days after grafting, and 93 plants survived, with a survival rate of 93%.
Comparative example 1
A method for cultivating florists chrysanthemum grafted folium artemisiae argyi comprises the following specific steps:
firstly, stock selection:
selecting a feverfew-wormwood seedling in month 2, taking a hollow stem at the lower part of the seedling as a stock when a main stem is cultivated in a greenhouse and reaches the thickness of 0.3cm, and leaving no bottom leaf bud;
II, scion selection:
when the stock is used for breeding seedlings, selecting and breeding florists chrysanthemum seedlings, and taking the upper part without lignification as scions when the florists chrysanthemum seedlings grow to 8 cm;
thirdly, grafting:
s1, splitting the stock from the middle of the main stem by a cleft grafting method, wherein the depth is 0.6cm, taking a tender tip with three leaves and one core as the scion, cutting oblique openings on two sides of the stem, embedding the scion into the cut of the stock when no plant mucus is generated on the stock and the scion before grafting, aligning to form a layer, and then binding and compacting by a plastic film from top to bottom.
S2, spraying a pesticide within 12 hours after grafting for disinfection;
s3, preparing a seedbed: preparing a matrix by adopting turfy soil and perlite according to a ratio of 1:1, splashing and stirring 800 times of carbendazim liquid, placing the wetted matrix on a seedbed, and paving a layer of talcum powder on the surface of the wetted matrix;
s4, planting the grafted seedlings into a seedbed, irrigating the seedlings thoroughly once, adopting a mode of slowly irrigating with thin water without damaging joints and scouring the matrix, and ensuring that the air humidity in the seedbed reaches more than 90% after the irrigation; shading by adopting shading cloth, wherein the shading rate reaches 100%, the control shading is more than 24h, shading cultivation for three days is carried out, strict shading and sealing are carried out, and the states of warmth, no light and saturated humidity are kept; half-shading cultivation is carried out for a week after three days, noon shading is selected for 3 hours during half-shading treatment, the curtain is uncovered for light transmission in the rest time, shading is not carried out any more after half-shading cultivation is finished, and water is supplemented in time;
s5, controlling the cultivation temperature in the seedbed: keeping the temperature at 35 ℃ for the first three days, reducing the temperature to 30 ℃ after the first three days, properly ventilating and freezing the seedlings after one week, controlling the temperature at 25 ℃ in the daytime and 18 ℃ at night;
s6, cultivating for 15 days, transferring to normal chrysanthemum seedling cultivation management, and timely transferring to field for conventional management when the grafted plant grows to 12-15 cm.
60 plants are grafted in the comparative example, survival conditions are observed 15 days after grafting, 46 plants survive, and the survival rate reaches 76.6%.
Comparative example 2
The grafting procedure was the same as in comparative example 1, except that:
s4, planting the grafted seedlings into a seedbed, irrigating the seedlings thoroughly once, adopting a mode of slowly irrigating with thin water without damaging joints and scouring the matrix, and ensuring that the air humidity in the seedbed reaches more than 90% after the irrigation;
shading by shading cloth with shading rate of 100% and controlled shading for more than 24 hr, performing three-day shading culture, strictly shading and sealing, and keeping warm, no light and saturated humidity state; after the shading cultivation is finished, shading is not carried out any more, and water is supplemented in time.
In the comparative example, 50 plants are grafted, survival conditions are observed 15 days after grafting, and the survival rate reaches 48 percent after 24 plants survive.
Grafting and cultivating a plurality of florists chrysanthemum of different varieties by adopting the method of the embodiment 1, and transplanting the florists chrysanthemum to a field for planting when the grafted florists chrysanthemum grows to 12-15 centimeters; the chrysanthemum seedlings transferred into the field are subjected to fertilization management by adopting the special fertilizer for the florists chrysanthemum, and the fertilization times and the application amount are reduced according to the growth condition of the chrysanthemum seedlings. In addition, during the period, attention needs to be paid to preventing dryness and waterlogging, loosening the soil and weeding in time, replenishing fertilizer in due time and protecting the fertilizer requirement in the growth process of the florists chrysanthemum. When the florescence of the tribute chrysanthemum, the centralized collection is carried out.
The content of the florists chrysanthemum and the florists chrysanthemum grafted sample is measured and tested, and the result is shown in table 1. Wherein the serial number 1 is the test standard for measuring the content of chrysanthemum in the Chinese pharmacopoeia (2020 edition), and the serial number 2 is the test standard for measuring the content of florists chrysanthemum in the Anhui cannon standard (2019 edition). The serial number 3 is the slow tribute chrysanthemum, the serial number 4 is the golden tribute chrysanthemum, the serial number 5 is the mugwort leaf grafted golden tribute chrysanthemum, and the serial number 6 is the mugwort leaf grafted slow tribute chrysanthemum.
TABLE 1
Although embodiments of the present invention are disclosed, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: various substitutions, changes and modifications are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and the appended claims, and thus, the scope of the invention is not limited to the embodiments disclosed.
Claims (8)
1. A cultivation method for grafting chrysanthemum morifolium ramat to folium artemisiae argyi is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
firstly, stock selection:
selecting a feverfew-wormwood seedling in month 2, and taking a stem without a hollow part at the lower part as a stock when a main stem is cultivated in a greenhouse and reaches the thickness of 0.3-0.4cm, and leaving no bottom leaf bud;
II, scion selection:
when the stock is used for raising seedlings, selecting and cultivating tribute chrysanthemum seedlings, and taking the upper part without lignification as scions when the tribute chrysanthemum seedlings grow to 6-10 cm;
thirdly, grafting:
s1, splitting the stock from the middle of the main stem by adopting a cleft grafting method, wherein the depth is 0.5-0.8cm, taking a tender tip with three leaves and one core as a scion, cutting oblique openings on two sides of the stem, inserting the stem into the cut of the stock, and coating a water-retaining agent containing a bactericide;
s2, spraying a pesticide for disinfection within 6-12 hours after grafting;
s3, preparing a seedbed: preparing a matrix by adopting turfy soil and perlite according to a certain proportion, sprinkling and stirring 800 times of carbendazim liquid, placing the wetted matrix on a seedbed, and paving a layer of talcum powder on the surface of the wetted matrix;
s4, planting the grafted seedlings into a seedbed, irrigating the seedlings thoroughly once, adopting a mode of slowly irrigating with thin water without damaging joints and scouring the matrix, and ensuring that the air humidity in the seedbed reaches more than 90% after the irrigation; shading by adopting shading cloth, wherein the shading rate reaches 100%, the control shading is more than 24h, shading cultivation for three days is carried out, strict shading and sealing are carried out, and the states of warmth, no light and saturated humidity are kept; half-shading cultivation is carried out for a week after three days, noon shading is selected for 3 hours during half-shading treatment, the curtain is uncovered for light transmission in the rest time, shading is not carried out any more after half-shading cultivation is finished, and water is supplemented in time;
s5, controlling the cultivation temperature in the seedbed: keeping the temperature at 35 + -2 deg.C for the first three days, reducing the temperature to 30 + -2 deg.C for the last three days, properly ventilating and freezing the seedling after one week, controlling the temperature at 25-28 deg.C in daytime and 15-18 deg.C at night;
s6, after 15 days of cultivation, transferring to normal chrysanthemum seedling cultivation management, and when the grafted plant grows to 12-15cm, timely transferring to a field for conventional management;
fourthly, fertilization management:
the chrysanthemum seedlings transferred into the field are subjected to fertilization management by adopting the special fertilizer for the florists chrysanthemum, and the fertilization times and the application amount are reduced according to the growth condition of the chrysanthemum seedlings.
2. The method for cultivating chrysanthemum grafted artemisia argyi as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the grafting step S1, before grafting, when neither the rootstock nor the scion produce plant mucus, the rootstock and the scion are dipped in the healing agent solution quickly, and then the scion is inserted into the cut of the rootstock immediately so as to align with the cambium.
3. The method for cultivating chrysanthemum morifolium artemisiae argyi grafted according to claim 2, wherein the healing agent liquid comprises 0.2-0.8% of a bactericide, 3-8% of a film-forming agent, 0.3-1% of sodium alginate oligosaccharide, 0.05-0.1% of a rooting agent and the balance of distilled water.
4. The cultivation method of chrysanthemum morifolium artemisiae argyi grafted according to claim 3, wherein the film forming agent comprises one or more of sodium alginate, chitosan and carrageenan.
5. The method for cultivating chrysanthemum morifolium artemisiae argyi grafted according to claim 3, wherein the rooting agent comprises one or more of indolebutyric acid, indoleacetic acid and naphthylacetic acid.
6. The cultivation method of chrysanthemum morifolium artemisiae argyi grafted according to claim 1, wherein in the grafting step S1, the water-retaining agent is super absorbent resin gel, and the specific use method is as follows:
(1) 0.2 to 2 portions of super absorbent resin powder is put into 100 portions of distilled water containing 0.05 to 0.1 percent of bactericide, and the mixture is evenly stirred and stood for 10 to 15 minutes to obtain a gelatinous water-retaining agent containing the bactericide;
(2) the gelatinous water-retaining agent is smeared around the grafting opening and then is tightly bound and compacted by a plastic film from top to bottom.
7. The cultivation method of chrysanthemum morifolium ramat grafted folium artemisiae argyi according to claim 6, wherein the super-absorbent resin powder is starch grafted acrylate, the water absorption ratio is 200-300 times, and the particle size is 1000-1200 meshes.
8. The cultivation method of chrysanthemum morifolium artemisiae argyi grafted according to claim 3 or 6, wherein the bactericide is one of chlorothalonil, thiophanate and carbendazim.
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