CN112889504A

CN112889504A - Method for raising seedlings of black chokeberry by cutting in greenhouse with turfy soil plug

Info

Publication number: CN112889504A
Application number: CN202110084040.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 赵明优; 王鹏; 韩文忠; 姜振荣; 赵佳宜; 刘月英; 孟宪华; 张卫东; 刘丽娜
Original assignee: Liaoning Institute Of Dryland Agriculture And Forestry
Current assignee: Liaoning Institute Of Dryland Agriculture And Forestry
Priority date: 2021-01-21
Filing date: 2021-01-21
Publication date: 2021-06-04
Anticipated expiration: 2041-01-21
Also published as: CN112889504B

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for raising seedlings of black chokeberry by cutting in a greenhouse in a turf soil plug seedling mode, which comprises the following steps: s1, sterilizing the turfy soil matrix and the plug tray, erecting a seedbed base, placing the plug tray on the seedbed base, and spraying until the matrix is saturated in water for later use; s2, shearing the new branches, and removing buds as cuttings; s3, cutting the cutting into cutting slips, and immersing the roots of the cutting slips into a rooting agent aqueous solution for quick dipping; s4, spraying water to the seedbed before cutting, keeping the relative humidity in the shed, and cutting the cuttings on the plug; and S5, before the cutting shoots root, controlling the transmittance, the temperature and the humidity in the greenhouse, and after the cutting shoots root, adjusting the temperature and the humidity in the greenhouse. By the cutting seedling method, the cuttings and the hole trays can be integrally transplanted to the outdoor for seedling return and hardening after 50-60 days of cutting, 2-3 seasons of cutting can be performed in a greenhouse every year, large-scale production and industrial seedling raising are realized, the seedling raising period is short, and the efficiency is high.

Description

Method for raising seedlings of black chokeberry by cutting in greenhouse with turfy soil plug

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of plant cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for raising seedlings of black chokeberry by cutting in a greenhouse in a turf soil plug.

Background

The aronia melanocarpa is a precious tree species which integrates edible, medicinal, landscaping, ecological protection and other values. Research results of the American Illinois State university show that bioactive components contained in the Aronia melanocarpa fruit can effectively eliminate free radicals in human bodies, inhibit a precursor mutagen activating enzyme, improve blood circulation, regulate nervous system functions and improve immunity. The aronia melanocarpa is not only a precious economic forest tree species, but also has multiple benefits of landscaping, wind prevention and sand fixation, water and soil conservation, humanity appreciation and the like, and the popularization and development of the aronia melanocarpa industry are beneficial to improving the body health level of human bodies and promoting the development of green economy of society.

The cutting propagation is the method with the widest application prospect in the asexual propagation of the trees, and has the advantages of simplicity, easy implementation, high propagation speed, high propagation coefficient and low cost. The cutting seedling can continue the stage development characteristics of the female parent material, so that compared with the seedling, the cutting seedling can effectively promote early maturity, blossom and fruit in advance, thereby shortening the breeding period of the forest and improving the breeding efficiency. The cutting seedling raising is a widely applied seedling raising technical means, and has obvious advantages in production. The cutting propagation not only solves the problem of scale production of the trees, but also provides technical support for the preservation of excellent clone and the application of the excellent clone in the improvement of the trees.

At present, the aronia melanocarpa is mainly produced by field or traditional matrix seedling culture, the specification of afforestation can be reached after 2 to 3 years, the period is long, the problems of poor seedling quality, low afforestation survival rate, slow seedling growth and the like generally exist, and the development of the aronia melanocarpa industry is restricted.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems, the invention researches and designs a method for raising seedlings by cutting tender branches in a turfy soil plug in a greenhouse of the black chokeberry so as to solve the problems of long seedling raising period, poor seedling quality and the like in the traditional method. The technical means adopted by the invention are as follows:

a cutting seedling method for a charcoal soil plug twig in a greenhouse of a black chokeberry is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:

s1, preparation before insertion: 3-5 days before cuttage, sterilizing the turfy soil matrix, and 1 day before cuttage, sterilizing the plug tray; erecting a seedbed base in a greenhouse, reserving a footpath with the width of 30-50 cm in the middle of the seedbed base, placing a hole tray filled with a turfy soil matrix on the seedbed base, enabling the hole tray to be 20-40 cm away from the ground, arranging the hole tray into a ridge surface, spraying, and using the hole tray as a cuttage standby when the moisture of the matrix is close to a saturated state;

s2, selection of cuttings: selecting strong and medium-aged and strong-aged mother trees without diseases and insect pests, shearing the current-year sprout shoot branches growing from roots or newly-grown branches on crowns, and removing flower buds;

s3, preparing spike materials: selecting a young stem section newly grown at the top of the cutting as a cutting, wherein the cutting is long6 cm-8 cm, retaining 1-2 leaves (preferably retaining 2 leaves, namely tender stem section of '1 bud two leaves'), making leaf length be less than 5cm, cutting at 40-50 deg. in the position of 1 cm-1.5 cm below leaf axillary or bud, making cut mouth be smooth, soaking root portion of cutting shoot into the solution whose concentration is 300 mg.kg^-1～500mg·kg^-1The rooting agent is dipped in the water solution quickly for 3 to 5 seconds, and the dipping depth is 1 to 2 cm;

s4, a cutting method: selecting a greenhouse with the temperature of 25-28 ℃ in the early morning or evening for cuttage, spraying the seedlings to a seedbed through an automatic control spraying system before cuttage, increasing the surface humidity of a substrate, reducing the temperature in the greenhouse, keeping the relative humidity in the greenhouse to be 90-95%, cuttage the cuttings on a plug tray with the cuttage depth of 1-1.5 cm, setting the spraying frequency according to the temperature in the greenhouse during cuttage, so that water drops are always attached to the leaves of the cuttings without gathering and falling down, setting a small arch shed for moisture preservation and heat preservation by using a white transparent plastic film after cuttage is finished, and covering the seedbed in the small arch shed;

s5, management of seedling cultivation sheds: before the cutting shoots take root (about 10 days after cutting), a sunshade net is used for keeping the light transmittance in the greenhouse to be 50-70%, the temperature to be 25-28 ℃ and the relative humidity to be 90-95%, the sunshade net needs to be folded after the cutting shoots take root to increase the illumination intensity, prolong the sunshine duration and improve the photosynthesis efficiency of the seedlings, the temperature in the greenhouse is kept to be 28-32 ℃, and the relative humidity is kept to be 60-70%. Proper light transmittance can shade and preserve moisture, reduce the transpiration of the cutting slips and reduce the excessive nutrient consumption of the cutting slips due to too strong photosynthesis.

Preferably, in step S1, the turfy soil matrix includes, by mass, 70% to 85% of turfy soil, 10% to 20% of decomposed donkey horse dung, and 5% to 10% of perlite.

Preferably, in step S1, the concentration is 3mg kg by sprayer 3 days to 5 days before cuttage^-1～5mg·kg^-1Potassium permanganate (KMnO)₄) Uniformly spraying the aqueous solution or 800-1000 times of the soil bacterium insect cleaner into the turfy soil matrix, then covering the turfy soil matrix with plastic cloth for matrix sterilization, and 1 day before cuttage, the concentration is 2 mg/kg^-1～3mg·kg^-1The potassium permanganate aqueous solution is sprayed on tools such as a hole tray, a scissors and a basin to disinfect the instruments.

Preferably, in step S1, the seedbed base is the bamboo raft, the bamboo raft is formed by transversely splicing bamboo chips side by side, there is a 3cm gap between the bamboo chips, can the circulated air, the bamboo has advantages such as corrosion-resistant, not absorb water, bacterium virus is difficult for living, nontoxic, light, can whole piece lay, the bamboo raft is 30cm apart from the ground height, the cuttage operation is convenient, and is favorable to the seedbed to heat.

Preferably, in step S3, the rooting agent is ABT1 or ABT2 rooting powder.

Preferably, in step S4, 1 plant is inserted into each hole of the PS hole tray with the specification of 540mm × 280mm × 90mm and 72 holes, and the depth is 1cm to 1.5 cm.

Preferably, in step S4, the small shed has a height of 50 cm-70 cm and a width of 1.3 m-1.5 m.

Preferably, in step S5, the small arched shed is removed after the cutting shoots have rooted, and the inside of the seedling shed is kept ventilated for 1 time from 2 days to 3 days through a top window and a lower foot ventilation opening in the seedling shed.

Compared with the prior art, the method for raising seedlings by cutting in a greenhouse in a turfy soil plug of the black chokeberry greenhouse has the following beneficial effects:

1. by the cutting seedling method, the cuttings and the hole trays can be integrally transplanted to the outdoor for seedling hardening after 50-60 days after cutting, 1 greenhouse (greenhouse) can be used for cutting for 2-3 seasons in 1 year, large-scale production, flow line production, industrial seedling culture, short seedling culture period and high efficiency are realized.

2. The formula of the cuttage matrix is 70-85% of turfy soil by mass percentage (10-20%) of rotten donkey horse manure by mass percentage (5-10%) of perlite, the matrix is loose and breathable, the texture is soft, the organic matter content is high, the matrix is slightly acidic, the physicochemical indexes are stable, the matrix can absorb water, fertilizer, pesticide and other pharmaceutical ingredients, and then the water, the fertilizer, the pesticide and other pharmaceutical ingredients are continuously and slowly released, the water loss speed of the matrix is reduced, and the later development of the aronia melanocarpa plants is accelerated.

3. According to the invention, the young stem section of the newly born 1 bud and two leaves at the top of the branch is used for cuttage, the cutting shoot has the top end advantage, the tissue is full, the leaf bud is full, the growth is robust, the seedling raising efficiency is improved, and the in-vitro rapid propagation of the aronia melanocarpa is facilitated.

4. The special PS plug tray for forest seedling culture is applied, the specification is 540mm multiplied by 280mm multiplied by 90mm, 72 plugs are provided, 1 plant inserted in each plug is just suitable for the row spacing of the cutting plants of the Sorbus nigra, the root development and overground part growth are not limited after the survival of the cutting slips, the seedlings can be transplanted with soil, the seedling culture plug tray can be reused, the production cost is reduced, and compared with the common bare-rooted seedlings, the container seedlings have the advantages of high seedling outplanting rate, easy control of the specification and quality of the seedlings, high afforestation survival rate, short seedling recovery period, convenience for mechanized afforestation and the like.

5. The invention carries out cuttage seedling raising in a greenhouse (greenhouse) which is matched with equipment, has complete functions and higher automation degree, occupies small area, is economical in land utilization and convenient for mechanized operation and automatic environment regulation. The invention can fully utilize the solar energy, the heat energy and the balanced temperature, humidity and CO of the greenhouse (greenhouse)₂The ecological factors such as temperature, humidity, illumination and the like of the seedlings in different development stages are accurately controlled by resources such as gas and the like, the environment condition of seedling culture is improved, the seedling culture method is favorable for the early growth and development of the seedlings, the seedling growth speed is high, the propagation coefficient is high, the seedling culture period is short, the seedlings can be cultured neatly and consistently, the seedling quality is ensured, and the seedlings planted in 5 months can reach the specification of mountain-climbing afforestation before and after 3 months of the next year.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a technical path diagram of cutting seedling of the aronia melanocarpa twig.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the arrangement of the seedbed in the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of cutting slips of Aronia melanocarpa according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the growing of seedlings of Aronia melanocarpa in a semi-arch greenhouse according to the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the growing of seedlings of Aronia melanocarpa in an arched greenhouse.

FIG. 6 is a schematic representation of a shaped Aronia melanocarpa plant grown in accordance with the present invention.

Detailed Description

As shown in fig. 1-6, a cutting seedling method for sorbus nigra greenhouse turfy soil plug seedlings comprises the following steps:

1. cutting conditions are as follows:

the specifications of the greenhouse (greenhouse) are generally 50 m-80 m long, 10 m-16 m wide, 2 m-2.5 m high, arched or semi-arched, a top window and a ground vent are reserved, the ground in the greenhouse is harrowed, an area is divided, and a footpath is constructed. The intelligent spraying, humidifying, pesticide spraying and fertilizing system is adopted, the inverted type spray head (the spraying width is 2.5m, the suspension height is more than 1.5m), the specification is 540mm multiplied by 280mm multiplied by 90mm, and the PS hole disc, the sunshade net, the thermometer, the hygrometer, the pest sticking board and the automatic air releasing machine are special for forest seedling culture with 72 holes. The greenhouse is internally provided with temperature and humidity control equipment and light supplementing and illuminating equipment, the temperature in the greenhouse is between 25 and 30 ℃, the relative humidity is about 90 percent, the light transmittance is about 50 percent, and the mixed matrix of turfy soil (85 percent) with the fineness of more than or equal to 20 meshes, decomposed donkey horse dung (10 percent) and perlite (5 percent) is adopted.

2. Preparation before insertion:

3 to 5 days before cuttage, the concentration is 5mg kg by a sprayer^-1Potassium permanganate (KMnO)₄) Aqueous solution or 800 times liquid soil bacterium insect cleaner (manufacturer: china, Norplene bioengineering (Zibo) Co., Ltd, the content of effective components is as follows: 40%, dosage form: wettable powder) is evenly sprayed into turfy soil, then covered with plastic cloth for braised buckle sterilization, the concentration is 3mg kg 1 day before cuttage^-1The potassium permanganate aqueous solution is sprayed on tools such as a hole tray, a scissors and a basin to disinfect the instruments. Bamboo raft is erected in the shed, the height of the bamboo raft from the ground is about 30cm, and a footpath with the width of 30 cm-50 cm is reserved in the middle. Placing the hole tray filled with the substrate on a bamboo raft, forming a ridge surface, spraying, and performing cuttage when the moisture of the substrate is close to a saturated state;

3. selecting cutting slips:

the newly grown branches of the mother trees in the cutting orchard in the last ten days of the month 5 enter the rapid growth period, and the nutrient substances in the branches are sufficient. Selecting strong and healthy middle and strong-age mother trees without diseases and insect pests, shearing the shoots growing from the roots of the middle and strong-age mother trees and the new shoots on the crowns of the middle and strong-age mother trees, and removing buds.

4. Preparing spike materials:

cutting young stem segment newly grown at the top of the branch as cutting shoot with length of 6-8 cm, retaining 2 leaves (1 bud and two leaves) with length not more than 5cm, cutting at 45 deg. at the position 1-1.5 cm below leaf axil or bud, cutting to form smooth cut, and immersing the root of the cutting shoot at concentration of 500 mg-kg^-1The rooting agent is dipped in the water solution quickly for 3 to 5 seconds, and the dipping depth is 1 to 2 cm; the sun rays cannot directly irradiate the base part of the prepared cutting slips in the cutting slip preparation process.

5. The cuttage method comprises the following steps:

and (4) carrying out cuttage when the temperature in the greenhouse is relatively low in the early morning or evening. Spraying to the seedbed by an automatic control system before cuttage, and keeping the relative humidity in the shed between 90% and 95%. Inserting 1 plant into each hole of a PS hole disk special for forest seedling culture with the specification of 540mm multiplied by 280mm multiplied by 90mm and 72 holes, wherein the depth is 1 cm-1.5 cm. In the cutting process, the spraying frequency is set according to the temperature in the greenhouse, so that water drops are always attached to the blades of the cutting slips, but are not gathered and do not fall down. The cuttage of the strips collected on the same day must be finished on the same day. After the cuttage is finished, arranging a small arched shed by using a white transparent plastic film, and covering the seedbed in the small arched shed;

the seedbed after cuttage is covered with small arched shed (i.e. shed in the shed) with height of 50cm and width of 1.5m, and covered with white plastic film with good transmittance, and the sprayer is placed in the small arched shed for spraying.

6. Seedling cultivation greenhouse management:

the sunshine duration of 14-16 h should be guaranteed in the shed every day, when the sunshine duration is insufficient in the shed in continuous rainy days, haze days and other days, the LED growth lamp is used for supplementing light, the illumination intensity is improved or the photoperiod is adjusted, so that the photosynthesis time of the seedlings is prolonged; when the sun is strong in the middle of the day, the sunshade net is pressed, and the sun is collected in the morning, evening or cloudy day.

The transmittance in the shed is kept between 50 percent and 70 percent before the cutting shoots take root (about 10 days after the cutting); the temperature is kept between 25 ℃ and 28 ℃, the relative humidity is about 95 percent, and the degree is that water drops on the shed roof and the cutting blades are coagulated but do not fall.

After the seedling is rooted (about 15 days after transplanting), the sun-shading net is required to be folded to increase the illumination intensity, prolong the sunshine duration and improve the photosynthesis efficiency of the seedling, the temperature in the greenhouse is preferably kept between 28 ℃ and 32 ℃, and the relative humidity is kept at about 60 percent. At the moment, the small arched shed can be removed, and the seedlings are ventilated and ventilated for 1 time through the top window and the lower margin ventilation openings for 2 to 3 days, so that the seedlings are prevented from being infected with germs in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment.

In order to prevent the growth of germs on the cutting slips, 800 times of carbendazim (N-methyl carbamate) or Bordeaux mixture (Cu (OH) is used after cutting is finished₂Precipitation + CaSO₄) And chlorothalonil, etc. are sprayed onto the seedbed homogeneously for 1 time, 1 time every 7 days and 2-3 times successively. If the weather meets the continuous overcast and haze of many days or heavy rain, the additional spraying needs to be carried out for 1 time in time.

7. Taking management measures after cuttage:

(1) and (3) disinfection and sterilization:

the bacteria for raising seedlings by cutting the twigs are easy to breed and propagate under the full-light spraying condition. Because the tissue of the cutting slips is tender and has more wounds caused by upper and lower cuts, leaf marks, leaf shearing and the like, the cutting slips are easy to infect bacteria, and sometimes the base parts of individual cutting slips are rotten 2 to 3 days after the cutting slips are cut and can quickly spread without being controlled.

And (4) control measures: after the cutting is finished, 800 times of carbendazim (N-methyl carbamate) or Bordeaux mixture (Cu (OH) is used₂Precipitation + CaSO₄) And chlorothalonil, etc. are sprayed onto the seedbed homogeneously for 1 time, 1 time every 7 days and 2-3 times successively. The spraying is carried out for 1 time in time after meeting continuous cloudy and haze weather or heavy rain.

(2) Fertilizing:

spraying a nutrient solution: after the cuttage is finished, spraying the concentration of 50 mg-kg to the leaf surfaces of the cutting slips through a liquid fertilizing tank^-1ABT1 rooting agent, potassium indolebutyrate and brassinolide aqueous solution with the concentration of 100mg kg^-1The concentration of the cleome root (or root-times-vigorous) + brassinolide aqueous solution is 20 mg/kg^-1Alpha of (A)And (3) spraying sodium naphthaleneacetate for 1 time in 3 days, wherein 1 type of sodium naphthaleneacetate is sprayed each time, and the sodium naphthaleneacetate is circularly and alternately used. Can stimulate cells to divide, elongate, root and strengthen roots quickly, shorten the rooting time and improve the survival rate of the seedlings.

When a large number of cuttings root, N, P, K compound fertilizer solution rich in chelated microelements is sprayed on the leaf surface, the concentration is 50 mg.kg^-1(such as Haifenfeng, Haifenqizhuanzhuanzhuanzhuanzhuang, totipotent, uranium element, etc.) or spraying 1000-1500 times of amino acid water soluble fertilizer, ferrous sulfate and brassinolide, spraying for 1 time in 7 days, and stopping spraying until 1 month before seedling emergence. Can enhance the activity of root system, improve the photosynthesis of cutting slips, improve the absorbing capacity of the root system to soil nutrient elements, make the leaves dark green, thick and bright, and prevent and cure various physiological diseases of seedlings.

And (3) broadcasting the mixed fertilizer: after about 20 days of cutting, when the root system of the cutting seedling is changed from milk white to earthy yellow and aged, ammonium sulfate ((NH)₄)₂SO₄) Diammonium hydrogen phosphate ((NH)₄)₂HPO₄) Potassium sulfate (K)₂SO₄) Preparing a mixed fertilizer according to the proportion of 1:1:1, wherein the mixed fertilizer is 30kg/hm every time²The dosage of the composition is uniformly spread on the bed surface, and water is sprayed. And the fertilization is stopped after 9 months.

(3) Removing weeds and fallen leaves:

after about 20 days of cuttage, various weeds can grow on the surface and footpath of the cuttage bed, absorb light and water, influence the rooting and growth of the cuttage seedlings, timely remove the weeds by root according to the principle of 'removing early, removing small and removing', and remove the weeds at any time until the seedlings grow high and the seedbed is closed.

After the cutting shoots root, the overground old leaves gradually change from green to reddish brown and yellow, new branches and leaves grow on the axillary parts and terminal buds of the old leaves or directly from the roots, and the larger old leaves can fall off. The fallen leaves can shield light, reduce the temperature of the bed surface, rot on the seedbed, breed germs and need to be picked up in time.

(4) And (3) pest control:

disease: the main disease is iron deficiency yellowing disease, often called chlorosis, which is characterized in that leaves and tender stems at the top are yellow green or even yellow white, the capability of photosynthesis is lost, and the survival rate of cuttage and the normal growth and development of plants are influenced.

The control method comprises the following steps: with a concentration of 30mg kg^-1Chelated iron sulfate (FeSO)₄) Or 20 mg/kg^-1The forehead Feichuang is uniformly sprayed on the front and back surfaces of the etiolated leaf and the tender stem or is directly used for root irrigation. Spraying every 7 days for 1 time until the color of leaves turns green.

Insect pest: prevention and treatment measures of the meadowsweet: when the young shoots, young buds or young leaves are found to have larvae clustered together, damaged stems and leaves are removed; 3000 times of liquid of imidacloprid wettable powder with the concentration of 10 percent is used; 2000 times of the wettable powder of the aphid powder of the pediculocide with the concentration of 2.5 percent is sprayed on the affected plants in the morning or evening. Continuous spraying for 2-3 times when large area of insect pest occurs.

And (3) yellow moth control measures: manually killing when larvae appear on the back of the leaves; using abamectin 1500 times liquid with the concentration of 90 percent; 1500 times of solution of phoxim missible oil with the concentration of 50 percent is sprayed on damaged leaves and plants in the evening, and the pesticide needs to be sprayed for 2 to 3 times in the period.

The Choristoneura fusca, Choristoneura sanguinea, Choristoneura dolicha and Tortoise plastron are also discovered occasionally, the occurrence peak period is from 6 middle of the month to 8 middle of the month, and the control method is the same as above.

8. And (3) seedling investigation:

and (3) surveying the survival rate in the same year: and investigating the survival rate of the seedlings 30 days, 60 days after cuttage and before seedling lifting, and aiming at counting and analyzing the growth condition and the number of the seedlings. The selected plot must be representative, and the survey area must not be less than 2% to 4% of the total area of the plot.

Investigation shows that the rooting rate is 98-99% at 30 days, the survival rate is 96-98% at 60 days, and the preservation rate before seedling lifting is 95-97%, and the result shows that: the aronia melanocarpa is suitable for cutting propagation in a greenhouse (greenhouse) under the high-temperature and high-humidity environment, and the survival rate is remarkably improved compared with that outdoors.

Measuring the growth amount in the current year: investigating the quality of the nursery stock before overwintering and seedling lifting,the conditions of the ground diameter, the height, the length of the main root, the number of lateral roots, the lignification degree, the plant diseases and insect pests and the like of the nursery stock are respectively measured. On average, every certain distance, a block of 1m is selected²The method (1) randomly selecting 20 plants in the stock recipe for measurement. The result shows that the average ground diameter is 0.5-0.8 cm, the seedling height is 38-45 cm, the main root length is 35-48 cm, the number of the main roots is 3-5, and compared with a control, the difference is obvious, each measured value has absolute advantage, and the seedlings are strong and have developed root systems.

The biomass measurement in the current year: measuring biomass when the growth season is finished in 10 last ten days, randomly selecting 10 plants each time, harvesting dry mass of the overground part and the underground part, and drying at 70 ℃ to constant weight. The result shows that the total dry mass of the plants under the condition of the turfy soil of the plug plant is 11.65 g-19.55 g, the overground part is obviously larger than the underground part, and the biomass of a single plant is obviously higher than that of the control, which indicates that the aronia melanocarpa is suitable for growing under the conditions of moist fertility, high organic matter content and soft texture.

9. Cold-proof and overwintering:

lifting seedlings: and (4) after the leaves of the seedlings fall in the last 10 th to the last 11 th months, stopping flowing of tree sap, and lifting the seedlings before the plants enter a dormant period and the soil is frozen. Spraying water to the surface of the cuttage bed 2-3 days before seedling lifting. When lifting seedlings, starting from one end of the transplanting bed, shoveling the surface of the seedling bed by a shovel to avoid hurting the root system, and slowly pulling the root of the seedling out of the matrix by pinching the root by hand. Then grading the seedlings according to the conditions of seedling height, ground stem, main root length, lateral root number, plant diseases and insect pests, mechanical damage and the like, and bundling 20 plants or 30 plants into 1 bundle. The grading standard is in accordance with the technical specification of DB 21/T2453-2015 cutting and seedling raising of aronia melanocarpa twigs.

Temporary planting: selecting a place with good drainage in a seedling raising field or a temporary planting ditch with the depth of 50cm and the length and the width determined according to the number of seedlings on the spot dug in a cutting seedling bed, paving fine river sand with the thickness of 3 cm-5 cm at the bottom of the ditch, dipping the root of the classified seedlings with slurry, and temporarily planting the seedlings by regions. When in temporary planting, the seedlings are placed in the ditch in an inclined way of 45 degrees, 1 row of seedlings are laid and covered with 1 layer of soil, the seedlings are compacted by feet, the soil is covered to 2/3 parts of the height of the seedlings, then the seedlings are thoroughly irrigated by strong water, the seedlings are covered with soil again to the parts below the tips of the seedlings in the last ten days of 11 months, and then the corn straws with the thickness of about 30cm are covered on the seedlings.

10. Seedling raising technical files:

in the process of implementing cuttage, each step has a detailed character record, and the detailed character records are recorded by a specially-assigned person and filled in on time, so that the accuracy is achieved, the production and scientific research data are accumulated, the archival data is formed, and a scientific basis is provided for improving the technical level of cuttage.

The above-mentioned embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solution of the present invention by those skilled in the art should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cutting seedling method for a charcoal soil plug twig in a greenhouse of a black chokeberry is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:

s1, preparation before insertion: 3-5 days before cuttage, sterilizing the turfy soil matrix, and 1 day before cuttage, sterilizing the plug tray; erecting a seedbed base in a greenhouse, placing a hole tray filled with a turfy soil matrix on the seedbed base, wherein the hole tray is 20-40 cm away from the ground, laying the hole tray into a ridge surface, spraying, and performing cuttage for later use when the matrix is saturated in moisture;

s2, selection of cuttings: shearing the current-year sprout tiller branches or new branches on the crown of the mother black chokeberry tree growing from the root, and removing buds;

s3, preparing spike materials: selecting a young stem section newly born at the top of a cutting as a cutting, wherein the length of the cutting is 6-8 cm, 1-2 leaves are reserved, the length of the leaf is not more than 5cm, the cutting is carried out at the position 1-1.5 cm below the axilla or bud at an angle of 40-50 degrees, and the root of the cutting is immersed at the concentration of 300 mg/kg^-1～500mg·kg^-1The rooting agent is dipped in the water solution quickly for 3 to 5 seconds, and the dipping depth is 1 to 2 cm;

s4, a cutting method: carrying out cuttage operation at the temperature of 25-28 ℃ in a greenhouse, spraying the seedlings to a seedbed before cuttage, keeping the relative humidity of 90-95% in the greenhouse, cuttage of cutting shoots on a plug tray, wherein the cuttage depth is 1-1.5 cm, arranging a moisturizing greenhouse in the greenhouse after cuttage is finished, and covering the seedbed in the greenhouse;

s5, management of seedling cultivation sheds: before the cutting shoots root, a sunshade net is used for keeping the transmittance in the greenhouse at 50-70%, the temperature at 25-28 ℃ and the relative humidity at 90-95%, and the sunshade net is folded after the cutting shoots root, keeping the temperature in the greenhouse at 28-32 ℃ and the relative humidity at 60-70%.

2. The method for raising seedlings of black chokeberry by cutting in a greenhouse in a turfy soil plug according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in step S1, the turfy soil matrix comprises 70-85% of turfy soil, 10-20% of decomposed donkey horse manure and 5-10% of perlite by mass.

3. The method for raising seedlings of black chokeberry by cutting in a greenhouse in a turfy soil plug according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in step S1, the concentration is 3 mg/kg 3 to 5 days before cuttage^-1～5mg·kg^-1The potassium permanganate aqueous solution or 800-1000 times of the soil bactericide is sprayed into the turfy soil matrix, then the matrix is covered by plastic cloth for sterilization, and the concentration is 2 mg/kg 1 day before cuttage^-1～3mg·kg^-1The potassium permanganate solution is sprayed on the hole tray for disinfection.

4. The method for raising seedlings of black chokeberry by cutting in a greenhouse in a turfy soil plug according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in step S1, the seedbed base is made of bamboo raft formed by splicing bamboo chips side by side.

5. The method for raising seedlings of black chokeberry by cutting in a greenhouse in a turfy soil plug according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in step S3, the rooting agent is ABT1 or ABT2 rooting powder.

6. The method for raising seedlings of black chokeberry by cutting in a greenhouse in a turfy soil plug according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in step S4, 1 plant is inserted into each hole of a PS hole disk special for forest seedling cultivation with the specification of 540mm multiplied by 280mm multiplied by 90mm and 72 holes, and the depth is 1 cm-1.5 cm.

7. The method for raising seedlings of black chokeberry by cutting in a greenhouse in a turfy soil plug according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in step S4, the small shed is 50 cm-70 cm high and 1.3 m-1.5 m wide.

8. The method for raising seedlings of black chokeberry by cutting in a greenhouse in a turfy soil plug according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in step S5, the small arched shed is removed after the cutting shoots take root, and the seedling shed is kept ventilated for 1 time for 2-3 days.