CN113575589A - Exogenous hormone formula for promoting pumpkin rooting and application method thereof - Google Patents
Exogenous hormone formula for promoting pumpkin rooting and application method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an exogenous hormone formula for promoting pumpkin rooting, which comprises indole-3-butyric acid, 3- [ (9H-purine-6-amino) methyl ] phenol and alpha-naphthylacetic acid, can improve the pumpkin rooting efficiency and the healing speed of a pumpkin grafted seedling, thereby improving the survival rate of the grafted seedling; the method for culturing the pumpkin seedlings by using the exogenous hormone formula and the method for culturing the watermelon pumpkin rootstock seedlings by using the exogenous hormone formula are also provided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of pumpkin seedling culture, in particular to an exogenous hormone formula for promoting pumpkin rooting and an application method thereof.
Background
At present, the grafting seedling raising mode is basically adopted in the watermelon and melon production process, and the most widely used rootstock is pumpkin. In the grafting and seedling raising process of the pumpkin, a double root cutting mode (scion root cutting and stock root cutting) is adopted, and therefore a grafting technology is mostly adopted to produce the grafted seedling. The pumpkin can form a relatively rich lateral rooting system after the root is cut off, and how to effectively promote the development and growth speed of the adventitious root of the pumpkin is very important for grafting and seedling raising.
Therefore, in order to develop the watermelon and melon grafting and seedling raising technology, the problem to be solved by technical personnel in the field is to provide an exogenous hormone formula for promoting the rooting of pumpkins and an application method thereof.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the exogenous hormone formula for promoting the pumpkin rooting can improve the pumpkin rooting efficiency and the healing speed of the pumpkin grafted seedlings, so that the survival rate of the grafted seedlings is improved; the method for culturing the pumpkin seedlings by using the exogenous hormone formula and the method for culturing the watermelon pumpkin rootstock seedlings by using the exogenous hormone formula are also provided.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides an exogenous hormone formula for promoting pumpkin rooting, which comprises indole-3-butyric acid, 3- [ (9H-purine-6-amino) methyl ] phenol, alpha-naphthylacetic acid and a solvent.
Preferably, the solvent comprises water and an organic solvent in a volume of 1: 2000, and the organic solvent comprises methanol or ethanol.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the indole-3-butyric acid, the 3- [ (9H-purin-6-ylamino) methyl ] phenol and the alpha-naphthylacetic acid is 1.0:0.5: 0.9-1.1: 0.6: 0.8.
Preferably, the concentration of the indole-3-butyric acid is 3.3-5.2 g/L, the concentration of the 3- [ (9H-purin-6-ylamino) methyl ] phenol is 2.0-3.5 g/L, the concentration of the alpha-naphthylacetic acid is 3.0-4.6 g/, and the mass ratio of the indole-3-butyric acid, the 3- [ (9H-purin-6-ylamino) methyl ] phenol and the alpha-naphthylacetic acid is 1.0:0.5: 0.9-1.1: 0.6: 0.8.
The beneficial effects of the preferred technical scheme are as follows: by adopting the exogenous hormone formula provided by the invention, the growth of the lateral root of the pumpkin can be remarkably promoted, a stronger root system can be formed, and the nutrient absorption can be promoted.
The invention also provides a pumpkin seedling raising method, which adopts the exogenous hormone formula for promoting the pumpkin to root.
Preferably, the pumpkin seedling raising method specifically comprises the following steps:
(a) firstly, optimizing pumpkin seeds, and then carrying out germination accelerating treatment;
(b) adding the exogenous hormone formula for promoting the pumpkin to take root into a seedling culture substrate and uniformly mixing;
(c) and (c) sowing the pumpkin seeds obtained in the step (a) in the seedling raising substrate obtained in the step (b), and then performing maintenance management to obtain pumpkin seedlings.
Preferably, the pumpkin seeds are full in grains, free of external scars, free of plant diseases and insect pests, free of mildew and excellent in quality; the germination accelerating treatment specifically comprises the following steps: the pumpkin seeds are firstly placed in warm water at the temperature of 40-45 ℃ for soaking for 20-35 min, then placed in water at the temperature of 25-30 ℃ for soaking for 10-12 h, fished out and placed in a humid environment at the temperature of 25-30 ℃ until the pumpkin seeds emerge white.
Preferably, the seedling raising substrate in the step (b) is prepared by mixing turf, vermiculite and perlite according to a volume ratio of 3:1:1, adding the exogenous hormone for promoting the pumpkin to root, uniformly mixing, spraying a base fertilizer, uniformly mixing, watering and adjusting the water content to 55-60%; the grain size of the turf is 2-10 mm, the grain size of the vermiculite is 3-10 mm, and the grain size of the perlite is 2-4 mm; the base fertilizer comprises monopotassium phosphate, potassium sulfate, urea and water, wherein the total amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the base fertilizer is 3-5g/kg, and the mass ratio of the nitrogen, the phosphorus and the potassium is 4:2: 3.
More preferably, the humidity of the maintenance management control in the step (c) is about 85% -95%; the temperature is controlled to be 18-25 ℃.
The beneficial effects of the limited technical scheme are as follows: the pumpkin seedling raising method disclosed by the invention can obviously promote the growth of the lateral roots of the pumpkin, is favorable for forming a stronger root system, and in addition, the added exogenous hormone can meet the nutrient requirement of the grafted seedling in the early stage, and can obviously promote nutrient absorption and plant growth. The pumpkin roots generally start to grow and grow into side roots in about 5-6 days, the method disclosed by the invention can obviously improve the number of the side roots, and a compact side root system is formed when grafted seedlings grow into seedlings.
The invention also provides a watermelon and melon pumpkin rootstock grafting seedling method, which adopts the exogenous hormone formula for promoting pumpkin rooting.
Preferably, the watermelon and pumpkin rootstock grafting and seedling method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) carrying out scion seedling raising to obtain watermelon seedlings;
(2) culturing seedlings of pumpkin stocks to obtain pumpkin seedlings;
(3) grafting and post-grafting management
(31) Filling a grafting substrate into a plug tray, watering thoroughly, and placing neatly, wherein the grafting substrate comprises the exogenous hormone formula for promoting pumpkin rooting according to any one of claims 1-3; the watermelon seedlings grow to the proper age of the scions and are treated to obtain the scions; the pumpkin seedlings grow to the age suitable for the rootstocks and are treated to obtain the rootstocks; aligning and sticking the inclined plane of the scion and the inclined plane of the stock, simultaneously enabling the directions of two planes of cotyledons of the scion and the cotyledons of the stock to be consistent, and then fixing the scion and the cotyledons by using a grafting clamp to obtain a grafting assembly; vertically cutting the grafting combination in a grafting matrix of a plug tray, and ensuring that scions or rootstock cotyledons are opposite between two longitudinal grafting combinations to obtain grafted seedlings;
(32) post-grafting management
Placing the grafted seedlings into a small arched shed for heat preservation, moisture preservation and sun shading, removing the stock sprouts and the main leaves in time after the grafted seedlings survive, reducing nutrient consumption and promoting the growth of scions; and (4) topdressing the roots according to the weather condition and the condition of the grafted seedlings, and planting after spraying the insecticide once.
Preferably, the grafting base preparation method in the step (31) is as follows: grass peat, vermiculite and perlite are mixed according to the volume ratio of 3:1:1, then the exogenous hormone for promoting the pumpkin to root is added and uniformly mixed, then base fertilizer is sprayed and uniformly mixed, and watering is carried out to adjust the water content to 55% -60% to obtain the pumpkin root-promoting agent; the grain size of the turf is 2-10 mm, the grain size of the vermiculite is 3-10 mm, and the grain size of the perlite is 2-4 mm; the base fertilizer comprises monopotassium phosphate, potassium sulfate, urea and water, wherein the total amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the base fertilizer is 3-5g/kg, and the mass ratio of the nitrogen, the phosphorus and the potassium is 4:2: 3.
More preferably, the concentration of indole-3-butyric acid in the grafting matrix is 3.3-5.2 g/L, the concentration of 3- [ (9H-purin-6-ylamino) methyl ] phenol is 2.0-3.5 g/L, and the concentration of alpha-naphthylacetic acid is 3.0-4.6 g/L.
Preferably, the plug tray in the step (31) is a 70 or 50 plug tray;
the proper age period of the scion is that the first true leaf is exposed to be unfolded, the scion is prepared by beveling a watermelon seedling at a position 0.5-1.0 cm below a watermelon cotyledon and cutting off the root, the cut surface is 0.4-0.5 cm long, and the direction of the bevel is consistent with the plane direction of the cotyledon;
the age-adapted period of the rootstock is that two cotyledons are flattened until a first true leaf is unfolded; the rootstock is prepared by cutting a pumpkin seedling at a position 6-7 cm below a pumpkin cotyledon, cutting a cotyledon and a growing point at the base of the cotyledon, and the section length is 0.4-0.5 cm;
the cutting depth is 2-3 cm.
Further preferably, the grafting clip is flat, light and anti-skid;
preferably, the moisturizing operation in step (32) is specifically: after grafting for 1-3 days, keeping the relative air humidity at more than 90%, and after 3 days, gradually uncovering the arched shed film for ventilation and humidity reduction in the morning or at night until the grafted seedlings do not wither, and removing the arched shed film;
the heat preservation operation specifically comprises the following steps: 1-5 days after grafting, keeping the temperature of the matrix at 20-25 ℃ and keeping the temperature at 20-27 ℃; keeping the temperature of the substrate at 18-20 ℃ and the temperature at 18-30 ℃ for 6-10 days after grafting; after 11d of grafting, keeping the temperature of 20-28 ℃ in the daytime and 15-18 ℃ at night;
the sunshade operation specifically comprises the following steps: covering a shading net on the small arched shed, and shading the sun in a sunny day for 1-3 days after grafting; after 3d, the shading time can be reduced, and the illumination is increased; after the grafted seedlings do not wither, the grafted seedlings are not shaded;
the pesticide comprises Suteling, abamectin and acetamiprid, imidacloprid, Avermectin missible oil or cartap wettable powder;
the planting operation is as follows: reducing the temperature to 20-25 ℃ in advance for 3-5 days, watering for 1-2 times per day, increasing the illumination time to 7h/d, prolonging the seedling raising time when the field planting is not suitable in extreme weather, and performing root topdressing on the grafted seedlings when the seedling raising time is prolonged to be more than 7 days.
Preferably, the fertilizer adopted by the root topdressing comprises monopotassium phosphate or instant compound fertilizer, and the fertilizer needs to be dissolved in water according to the mass percentage of 0.1-0.2%.
The beneficial effects of the preferred technical scheme are as follows: by adopting the watermelon melon and pumpkin rootstock grafting seedling method disclosed by the invention, exogenous hormone is added in the grafting process, the resistance of the plant can be improved, and the survival rate of the plant is relatively improved by about 5% in the later stage of grafting under the same management.
Preferably, the pumpkin rootstock seedling culture in the step (2) specifically comprises the following steps:
(21) soaking the pumpkin seeds in warm water, scrubbing the surface mucus of the pumpkin seeds with lime, cleaning and airing the pumpkin seeds, and wrapping the pumpkin seeds in wet cotton gauze for accelerating germination;
(22) placing a plug tray on a seedbed, filling a seedling culture substrate added with the exogenous hormone formula for promoting pumpkin rooting into the plug tray, uniformly scattering stock seeds into plug holes of the plug tray, then adding the seedling culture substrate for covering, then covering with a mulching film for moisturizing and heat preservation, and pressing the mulching film around the seedbed under the plug tray for sealing;
(23) after sowing, carrying out first-stage seedling raising until 50% of seeds come out of the soil; removing the mulching film, ventilating, reducing the temperature of the seedbed, and performing second-stage seedling culture; and (5) increasing the ventilation quantity after the seedlings are completely grown, and carrying out third-stage seedling culture.
Preferably, the pumpkin seeds in the step (21) are selected from pumpkin varieties with strong root regeneration capacity after root system trauma, strong affinity with the grafting scion and strong symbiosis;
the temperature of the warm water is 30 ℃, and the seed soaking time is 4 hours;
the water content of the wet cotton gauze is 175-200%;
the temperature of the germination accelerating is 28 ℃, and the time is 2-3 d.
Further preferably, the preparation method of the seedling substrate in the step (22) comprises the following steps: mixing turf with the grain size of 2-10 mm and perlite with the grain size of 2-4 mm according to the volume ratio of 1:1, and watering to adjust the water content of the seedling culture substrate to 55% -60%;
further preferably, 100-288 holes are arranged in the plug tray in the step (22);
the parental stock seed broadcasting density is 1000-1200 grains/m2；
The width of plastic film is 2 m.
Preferably, in the step (23), the temperature of the first-stage seedling raising is controlled to be 25-32 ℃ in the daytime, 16-18 ℃ in the nighttime, and the humidity of the seedling raising substrate is controlled to be 80-90%
Controlling the daytime temperature to be 20-30 ℃ and the nighttime temperature to be 14-16 ℃ during the second-stage seedling culture;
and controlling the daytime temperature and the nighttime temperature of the third-stage seedling culture to be 20-25 ℃ and 15-18 ℃, and controlling the substrate humidity to prevent the cotyledons from wilting.
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention discloses an exogenous hormone formula for promoting pumpkin rooting and an application method thereof, and the formula has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the exogenous hormone formula for promoting the pumpkin to root can improve the pumpkin rooting efficiency and the healing rate of the pumpkin grafted seedlings, so that the survival rate of the grafted seedlings is improved;
(2) the method for culturing the pumpkin seedlings by using the exogenous hormone formula is simple to operate, and the rooting efficiency of the pumpkin can be obviously improved only by adding the exogenous hormone formula into the seedling culture substrate, so that the seedling culture efficiency and success rate of the pumpkin are improved, and the seedling culture cost of the pumpkin is reduced;
(3) the method for watermelon and pumpkin stock seedling culture by using the exogenous hormone formula disclosed by the invention can improve the healing rate of grafted seedlings, so that the grafting success rate is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a diagram of the rooting of pumpkin obtained in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a rooting diagram of pumpkin according to comparative example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graft assembly prepared in example 3;
FIG. 4 shows the grafted seedlings obtained after cuttage in example 3;
FIG. 5 shows the root system of grafted seedlings before planting in example 3.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment 1 of the invention provides an exogenous hormone formula for promoting pumpkin rooting, which comprises the following preparation processes: weighing indole-3-butyric acid, 3- [ (9H-purine-6-ylamino) methyl ] phenol and alpha-naphthylacetic acid, respectively 3.3-5.2 g, 2.0-3.5 g and 3.0-4.6 g, adding 500 mu L of organic solvent for dissolving, and fixing the volume to 1L to obtain an aqueous solution formula of the exogenous hormone; the mass ratio of indole-3-butyric acid, 3- [ (9H-purin-6-ylamino) methyl ] phenol and alpha-naphthylacetic acid is 1.0:0.6: 0.9.
Example 2
The embodiment 2 of the invention provides a pumpkin seedling raising method, which specifically comprises the following steps:
(a) the pumpkin seeds which are full, have no external scars, no plant diseases and insect pests, no mildew and good quality are preferably selected, and then the germination accelerating treatment is carried out, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: soaking the pumpkin seeds in warm water at 40-45 ℃ for 20-35 min, then soaking in water at 25-30 ℃ for 10-12 h, taking out, and then placing in a humid environment at 25-30 ℃ until the pumpkin seeds emerge white;
(b) mixing turf with the particle size of 2-10 mm, vermiculite with the particle size of 3-10 mm and perlite with the particle size of 2-4 mm according to the volume ratio of 3:1:1, and adding exogenous nutrients; wherein the exogenous nutrients comprise monopotassium phosphate, potassium sulfate, urea and water, the total amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the base fertilizer is 3-5g/kg, and the mass ratio of the nitrogen, the phosphorus and the potassium is 4:2: 3;
(c) and (3) sowing the pumpkin seeds obtained in the step (1) in the seedling raising substrate obtained in the step (2), and then controlling the humidity to be 85-95% and the temperature to be 18-25 ℃ for maintenance management to obtain pumpkin seedlings.
Example 3
The embodiment 3 of the invention provides a watermelon and melon pumpkin rootstock grafting seedling method, which specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) scion seedling raising
(11) Seeding time of watermelon scion and stock
The sowing time of the watermelon scions is 7-10 days earlier than that of the stocks, the sowing time of the scions and the stocks is determined according to the date of planting in watermelon production and field planting, the grafting seedling is generally 35-40 days earlier in cultivation in winter and spring, and the grafting seedling is 25-30 days earlier in cultivation in summer and autumn;
(12) watermelon seeding
Mixing turf with 2-10 mm, vermiculite and perlite with the particle size of 2-4 mm according to a volume ratio of 3:1:1 to form a matrix material, adding nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients, wherein the total amount of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients is 4g/kg, and the ratio is 4:2:3, dissolving monopotassium phosphate, potassium sulfate and urea in 500ml of water, uniformly mixing the mixture and the matrix material in a spraying mode to prepare a seedling culture matrix, filling the seedling culture matrix into a plug with 50-72 holes, watering the plug thoroughly, adjusting the water content to 55-60% by taking slight water seepage of the bottom holes of the plug as a standard, placing the plug on a seedbed in a greenhouse, vertically punching downward seeding holes in the middle of the plug, wherein the depth of the seeding holes is 1cm, and uniformly laying germinated seeds in the seeding holes in the same direction; after sowing, covering a seedling substrate, and scraping redundant seedling substrate by using wood bars to enable the seedling substrate to be flush with the plug tray; after covering the seedling substrate, covering a mulching film with the width of 2m for moisturizing and heat preservation, and tightly sealing the mulching film around the seedbed and pressing the mulching film under the plug tray;
(13) scion seedling stage management
Keeping the temperature at 28-30 ℃ in the daytime and 20-25 ℃ at night, and shading and cooling by using a shading net when the illumination is too strong and the temperature is too high; removing the mulching film in time after 50% of seeds come out of the soil, properly ventilating, and reducing the temperature of a seedbed, which is a key measure for preventing the excessive growth of hypocotyls, wherein the temperature is kept at 20-25 ℃ in the daytime and 18-20 ℃ at night, and the substrate is supplemented with water by adopting a tide irrigation mode; after seedlings are managed uniformly after emergence, properly increasing ventilation quantity, keeping the temperature at 20-25 ℃ in the daytime and 15-18 ℃ at night; the cultivation of strong seedlings is a key measure for improving the grafting survival rate; spraying 600-800 times of 64% of arsenopyrite on a seedbed for disease prevention before grafting, wherein the daytime temperature is 18-25 ℃, the nighttime temperature is 12-15 ℃, and the time before grafting is 1-2 days; finally obtaining watermelon seedlings;
(2) pumpkin stock seedling culture
(21) Preferably selecting pumpkin seeds with strong root regeneration capacity after root system trauma, strong affinity with the grafting scion and strong symbiosis, soaking the pumpkin seeds in warm water at 30 ℃ for 4 hours, then rubbing and washing surface mucilage of the pumpkin seeds with lime, washing and airing, then wrapping the pumpkin seeds in wet cotton gauze with the water content of 175-200%, and accelerating germination at 28 ℃ for 2-3 days;
(22) placing plug trays (each plug tray comprises 100-288 plug holes), putting the added seedling raising substrates into the plug trays, and watering until the bottom holes of the plug trays are slightly water-permeable; vertically drilling a seeding hole downwards in the middle of the hole, wherein the depth of the seeding hole is 1cm, and the seeding hole is 1000-1200 grains/m2Uniformly sowing stock seeds in the sowing holes at the sowing density, then adding seedling culture substrates for covering, covering with 2 m-wide mulching films for moisturizing and heat preservation, and pressing the mulching films around the seedbed under the hole tray for sealing;
wherein the seedling culture substrate is obtained by mixing turf with the particle size of 2-10 mm and perlite with the particle size of 2-4 mm according to the volume ratio of 1:1, watering and adjusting the water content to 55-60%;
(23) after sowing, controlling the temperature at 25-32 ℃ in the daytime and 16-18 ℃ at night, and controlling the humidity of the seedling culture substrate to be 80-90%; removing the mulching film in time after 50% of seeds come out of the soil, ventilating, reducing the temperature of the seedbed, and controlling the temperature at 20-30 ℃ in the daytime and 14-16 ℃ at night; after seedlings are grown out, increasing ventilation quantity, controlling the temperature at 20-25 ℃ in the daytime and 15-18 ℃ at night, and controlling the humidity of the substrate to prevent the cotyledons from wilting; finally obtaining pumpkin seedlings;
(3) grafting and post-grafting management
(31) Preparing a plug tray with 70 or 50 holes, loading a grafting matrix, watering, and putting in order; the watermelon seedlings are unfolded after the first true leaves are exposed in the proper age period of the scion, the watermelon seedlings are obliquely cut at a position 0.5-1.0 cm below the watermelon cotyledon, the roots of the watermelon seedlings are cut off, the cut surface is 0.4-0.5 cm long, and the direction of the inclined surface is consistent with the plane direction of the cotyledon, so that the scion is obtained; the age-adapted period of the pumpkin seedling stock is that two cotyledons are flattened until a first true leaf is unfolded, the pumpkin seedling is cut at a position 6-7 cm below the pumpkin cotyledons, one cotyledon and a growing point are cut at the base of the cotyledons, and the cut surface is 0.4-0.5 cm long, so that the stock is obtained; aligning and sticking the oblique surface of the scion and the oblique surface of the stock, ensuring that the directions of cotyledons of the scion and cotyledons of the stock are consistent, and fixing by using a flat, light and anti-skidding grafting clamp to obtain a grafting combination (as shown in the attached figure 1 of the specification); vertically cutting the grafting combination body in a grafting matrix of the plug tray to a depth of 2-3 cm; the scions or the rootstock cotyledons are opposite between the two longitudinal grafting combinations; finally obtaining grafted seedlings;
wherein the grafting matrix is prepared by mixing turf with the particle size of 2-10 mm and perlite with the particle size of 2-4 mm according to the volume ratio of 1:1, adding the exogenous hormone formula for promoting the rooting of the pumpkin disclosed in the embodiment 1, and watering to adjust the water content to 55-60%; the concentration of indole-3-butyric acid in the final grafting matrix is 3.3-5.2 g/L, the concentration of 3- [ (9H-purine-6-ylamino) methyl ] phenol is 2.0-3.5 g/L, and the concentration of alpha-naphthylacetic acid is 3.0-4.6 g/L;
(32) post-grafting management
Timely placing the grafted seedlings into a small arched shed, and preserving heat, moisture and sun; after grafting for 1-3 days, keeping the relative air humidity at more than 90%, and after 3 days, gradually uncovering the arched shed film for ventilation and humidity reduction in the morning or at night until the grafted seedlings do not wither, and removing the arched shed film; 1-5 days after grafting, keeping the temperature of the matrix at 20-25 ℃ and keeping the temperature at 20-27 ℃; keeping the temperature of the substrate at 18-20 ℃ and the temperature at 18-30 ℃ for 6-10 days after grafting; after 11d of grafting, keeping the temperature of 20-28 ℃ in the daytime and 15-18 ℃ at night;
meanwhile, a sunshade net is covered on the grafted small arched shed, the grafted small arched shed can shade light in the whole day in sunny days after 1-3 days, and the shading time can be gradually reduced after 3 days, so that the illumination is properly increased; after the grafted seedlings do not wither, the grafted seedlings are not shaded; after the grafted seedling survives, the sprout and the true leaf of the stock are removed in time, so that the nutrient consumption is reduced, and the growth of the scion is promoted; according to the weather condition and the condition of grafted seedlings, if the grafted seedlings are not suitable for field planting in extreme weather, the seedling raising time needs to be prolonged by more than 7 days, and root topdressing is carried out, wherein the fertilizer can be monopotassium phosphate, instant compound fertilizer and the like, and the concentration of the fertilizer is 0.1-0.2%; reducing the temperature 3-5 days before planting, reducing the moisture, and increasing the illumination time and intensity to cultivate strong seedlings; spraying the insecticide for one time and then planting.
Comparative example 1
The invention discloses a pumpkin seedling raising method, wherein a seedling raising matrix is obtained by uniformly mixing turf with the grain size of 2-10 mm and perlite with the grain size of 2-4 mm according to the volume ratio of 1:1, watering to adjust the water content to be 55-60%, and other operation steps and technical parameters are the same as those in example 2.
Comparative example 2
The invention discloses a watermelon and pumpkin rootstock grafting seedling method, wherein a grafting matrix is prepared by mixing turf with the grain size of 2-10 mm and perlite with the grain size of 2-4 mm according to the volume ratio of 1:1, watering and adjusting the water content to 55-60%, and other operation steps and technical parameters are the same as those in example 3.
Effect verification
First, photographs of the roots and stems of the squash seedlings obtained in example 3 and comparative example 1 are shown in fig. 1 to 2, respectively.
Secondly, the grafting assembly obtained in the step (31) is shown in figure 3, and the grafted seedling obtained after cuttage is shown in figure 4; the grafted seedlings before planting in step (32) are shown in fig. 5.
The results in fig. 5 show that the grafted seedling obtained by the grafting method disclosed by the invention has a large rooting amount, namely, the formula of the exogenous hormone for promoting the rooting of the pumpkin is added, so that the rooting efficiency of the pumpkin can be obviously improved, the seedling raising efficiency and success rate of the pumpkin are improved, and the seedling raising cost of the pumpkin is reduced.
Third, grafting seedling raising test side rooting efficiency
Aiming at the example 3 and the comparative example 1, the rooting efficiency and the number of lateral roots of the pumpkin are counted 7-8 d and 14-15 d after re-grafting respectively, the final survival rate of the grafted seedling is calculated, and the obtained results are shown in the following table 1.
TABLE 1
Grafting survival rate: and randomly counting 5-6 disks, grafting seedlings and calculating the survival rate.
The results in the table 1 show that the exogenous hormone formula for promoting the pumpkin rooting disclosed in the embodiment 1 is added into the grafting matrix in the embodiment 3 of the invention, so that the pumpkin rooting efficiency can be obviously improved, the pumpkin seedling raising efficiency and success rate are improved, and the pumpkin seedling raising cost is reduced.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. The device disclosed by the embodiment corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, so that the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. An exogenous hormone formula for promoting pumpkin rooting is characterized by comprising indole-3-butyric acid, 3- [ (9H-purine-6-ylamino) methyl ] phenol, alpha-naphthylacetic acid and a solvent.
2. The exogenous hormone formulation for promoting rooting of pumpkins according to claim 1, wherein the solvent comprises water mixed with an organic solvent, and the organic solvent comprises methanol or ethanol.
3. The exogenous hormone formula for promoting pumpkin rooting according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the indole-3-butyric acid to the 3- [ (9H-purin-6-ylamino) methyl ] phenol to the alpha-naphthylacetic acid is 1.0:0.5: 0.9-1.1: 0.6: 0.8.
4. A pumpkin seedling raising method is characterized in that the exogenous hormone formula for promoting pumpkin rooting according to any one of claims 1 to 3 is adopted.
5. A watermelon and pumpkin rootstock grafting seedling method is characterized in that the exogenous hormone formula for promoting pumpkin rooting in any one of claims 1-3 is adopted.
6. The watermelon and pumpkin rootstock grafting seedling method according to claim 5, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) carrying out scion seedling raising to obtain watermelon seedlings;
(2) culturing seedlings of pumpkin stocks to obtain pumpkin seedlings;
(3) grafting and post-grafting management
(31) Filling a grafting matrix into a plug tray, watering, and neatly placing, wherein the grafting matrix comprises the exogenous hormone formula for promoting pumpkin rooting according to any one of claims 1-3; the watermelon seedlings grow to the proper age of the scions and are treated to obtain the scions; the pumpkin seedlings grow to the age suitable for the rootstocks and are treated to obtain the rootstocks; aligning and sticking the inclined plane of the scion and the inclined plane of the stock, simultaneously enabling the directions of two planes of cotyledons of the scion and the cotyledons of the stock to be consistent, and then fixing the scion and the cotyledons by using a grafting clamp to obtain a grafting assembly; vertically cutting the grafting combination in a grafting matrix of a plug tray, and ensuring that scions or rootstock cotyledons are opposite between two longitudinal grafting combinations to obtain grafted seedlings;
(32) post-grafting management
Placing the grafted seedlings into a small arched shed, performing heat preservation, moisture preservation and sun shading, and removing the stock sprouts and the main leaves in time after the grafted seedlings survive; and (5) spraying the insecticide and then planting.
7. The watermelon and pumpkin rootstock grafting seedling method according to claim 6, wherein the grafting matrix preparation method in the step (31) is as follows: grass peat, vermiculite and perlite are mixed according to the volume ratio of 3:1:1, then the exogenous hormone for promoting the pumpkin to root is added and uniformly mixed, then base fertilizer is sprayed and uniformly mixed, and watering is carried out to adjust the water content to 55% -60% to obtain the pumpkin root-promoting agent; the grain size of the turf is 2-10 mm, the grain size of the vermiculite is 3-10 mm, and the grain size of the perlite is 2-4 mm; the base fertilizer comprises monopotassium phosphate, potassium sulfate, urea and water, wherein the total amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the base fertilizer is 3-5g/kg, and the mass ratio of the nitrogen, the phosphorus and the potassium is 4:2: 3.
8. The watermelon and pumpkin rootstock grafting seedling method according to claim 7, wherein the concentration of indole-3-butyric acid in the grafting matrix is 3.3-5.2 g/L, the concentration of 3- [ (9H-purin-6-ylamino) methyl ] phenol is 2.0-3.5 g/L, and the concentration of alpha-naphthylacetic acid is 3.0-4.6 g/L.
9. The watermelon and pumpkin rootstock grafting seedling method according to claim 8, wherein the hole tray in the step (31) is a 70 or 50 hole tray;
the proper age period of the scion is that the first true leaf is exposed to be unfolded, the scion is prepared by beveling a watermelon seedling at a position 0.5-1.0 cm below a watermelon cotyledon and cutting off the root, the cut surface is 0.4-0.5 cm long, and the direction of the bevel is consistent with the plane direction of the cotyledon;
the age-adapted period of the rootstock is that two cotyledons are flattened until a first true leaf is unfolded; the rootstock is prepared by cutting a pumpkin seedling at a position 6-7 cm below a pumpkin cotyledon, cutting a cotyledon and a growing point at the base of the cotyledon, and the section length is 0.4-0.5 cm;
the cutting depth is 2-3 cm.
10. The watermelon and pumpkin rootstock grafting seedling method according to claim 8, wherein the moisturizing operation in the step (32) is specifically as follows: after grafting for 1-3 days, keeping the relative air humidity at more than 90%, and after 3 days, gradually uncovering the arched shed film for ventilation and humidity reduction in the morning or at night until the grafted seedlings do not wither, and removing the arched shed film;
the heat preservation operation specifically comprises the following steps: 1-5 days after grafting, keeping the temperature of the matrix at 20-25 ℃ and keeping the temperature at 20-27 ℃; keeping the temperature of the substrate at 18-20 ℃ and the temperature at 18-30 ℃ for 6-10 days after grafting; after 11d of grafting, keeping the temperature of 20-28 ℃ in the daytime and 15-18 ℃ at night;
the sunshade operation specifically comprises the following steps: covering a shading net on the small arched shed, and shading the sun in a sunny day for 1-3 days after grafting; after 3d, the shading time can be reduced, and the illumination is increased; after the grafted seedlings do not wither, the grafted seedlings are not shaded;
the pesticide comprises Suteling, abamectin and acetamiprid, imidacloprid, Avermectin missible oil or cartap wettable powder;
the planting operation is as follows: reducing the temperature to 20-25 ℃ in advance for 3-5 days, watering for 1-2 times per day, increasing the illumination time to 7h/d, prolonging the seedling raising time when the field planting is not suitable in extreme weather, and performing root topdressing on the grafted seedlings when the seedling raising time is prolonged to be more than 7 days.
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