CN114847147A - Standardized grafting seedling raising method for high-sweetness mini-type watermelons - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a standardized grafting seedling method for high-sweetness mini watermelons, which comprises the following steps: 1. site selection and construction, 2, facility equipment disinfection: spraying and sterilizing a seedling raising greenhouse, a greenhouse film, a seedling bed, a seedling raising tray and the like; 3. selecting and preparing a substrate, and dishing up the substrate: uniformly pouring a substrate into a seedling tray, shaking the seedling tray to enable the substrate to be tightly filled in seedling holes, compacting and scraping the substrate on the surface of the seedling tray by using a small wood board with the thickness of 1cm and the length of 50 cm, fully watering the substrate before grafting, cultivating a stock, cultivating a scion, preparing before grafting, grafting 7, managing grafted seedlings 8, preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests 9, and germinating 10. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the grafted seedlings cultivated by the method are strong, uniform, developed in root system, strong in water and fertilizer absorption capacity, fast in seedling recovery after planting, strong in growth and development and not prone to premature senility.

Description

Standardized grafting seedling raising method for high-sweetness mini-type watermelons

Technical Field

The invention relates to a watermelon seedling method, in particular to a standardized grafting seedling method for a high-sweetness small watermelon.

Background

The annual seeding area of watermelons in China is 222 million hectares, the annual yield is 5386 million tons, the watermelon planting area and the annual yield account for 60 percent of the world watermelon cultivation area and the world total yield, and the seeding area and the yield are at the top of the world.

With the continuous increase of the sowing area, people have increasingly reduced interest in large watermelons, more and more farmers select to plant small watermelons, continuous cropping obstacles of watermelons are increasingly serious in recent years, and diseases are more and more generated under facility cultivation conditions to influence the normal growth of watermelon plants, so that the yield is reduced, the quality is reduced, and the development of the watermelon industry is seriously hindered. The requirements of grafting technology, environmental conditions and management measures on grafting and seedling raising are high, the grafting method in the prior art is not efficient, the problems of high morbidity, low survival rate, weak growth vigor of grafted seedlings and the like exist, and therefore people are always seeking a solution.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the standardized grafting seedling method for the high-sweetness small watermelons can change the traditional grafting seedling method, meet the large-scale requirement of grafting seedling, reduce the morbidity, improve the survival rate of the grafted seedlings and realize large-scale grafting.

In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

a standardized grafting seedling raising method for a high-sweetness small watermelon is characterized by comprising the following steps:

site selection construction:

in areas with good ecology, good water quality, high terrain, convenient irrigation and drainage, convenient traffic, sufficient labor force, complete supporting facilities of water and electricity and the like;

(II) facility equipment disinfection:

spraying and sterilizing a seedling raising greenhouse, a greenhouse film, a seedling bed, a seedling raising tray and the like;

(III) selecting and preparing a matrix:

the matrix is a mixture of grass carbon, vermiculite and perlite, and the volume ratio of the materials is as follows: grass carbon: vermiculite: perlite = 4: 1: 1; mixing soil with 40% carbendazim wettable powder for disinfection;

loading the substrate into a tray: firstly, uniformly pouring a matrix into a seedling raising tray, shaking the seedling raising tray to ensure that the matrix is tightly filled in seedling raising holes, then compacting and scraping the matrix on the surface of the seedling raising tray by using a small wood board with the thickness of 1cm and the length of 50 cm, pouring bottom water thoroughly before grafting, punching 108 small holes with the depth of 1cm on the corresponding positions of the central points of the holes by using a puncher, and waiting for cutting and sowing grafted seedlings.

(IV) stock cultivation:

the selection of the stock varieties has strong affinity with the grafting of the watermelons, developed root systems, disease resistance, cold resistance and heat resistance, does not influence the quality and the flavor of the watermelons, is not easy to senilism, and has the hypocotyls which are easy to generate adventitious roots, such as the pumpkin varieties of Jingxin stock No. 3, Yongzhen stock No. 2, Sheng stock No. 1, Xinguo, Zhuang, all-round cuing Jia, Nanzhen stock No. 1 and Nanzhen No. 3;

(ii) a Soaking the stock seeds, airing or spin-drying the seed surface without clear water, putting the stock seeds into a germination accelerating tray, transferring the stock seeds into a germination accelerating room for accelerating germination, transferring the stock seeds out of the germination accelerating room when 80% of the seeds are exposed to the white, and preparing for sowing the stock seeds into a seedling raising tray;

seeding of stock seedling-raising plate: 1 hole is drilled for 1 grain, the stock is sown, the depth is 1cm, then vermiculite is covered, the purpose that the stock is flush with the edge of a seedling tray is achieved, clear water is sprayed, water wets hole matrixes, a film is covered, and moisture and heat preservation are achieved;

after 80% of the rootstock seedlings are unearthed, the film is removed, the illumination time is prolonged, and the rootstock cotyledons are flattened to supplement water to prevent vain growth.

(V) scion cultivation:

selecting seeds which have good fruit type, high sweetness, low temperature resistance, weak light and early maturity and meet the market demand characteristics as scion seedlings; selecting early-maturing, easily-seated melon, and high-quality variety, such as Elizabeth, Zhongtian sweet No. 1, Jinmei, Zhaojun No. 1, Jinmi No. 6, Xibo lotuo, Yinmi, Cuixiang, and Mi world.

Soaking the ear seedlings in water, drying in the shade or spin-drying until the surface of the seeds is free from open water, and sowing;

and (3) sowing the scion seedlings in a seedling-raising plate: 1 hole with 1 grain, sowing the ear seedlings with the depth of 1.5, covering vermiculite, watering until the hole matrix is penetrated, and transferring the hole matrix into a germination accelerating chamber;

after 80% of seedlings in the scion seedlings come out of the soil and the sprouts grow by 0.5cm, moving out of the germination accelerating room, watering, and fertilizing when the matrix is dry and wet;

(VI) preparation before grafting:

grafting is carried out when cotyledons of scion seedlings turn green to be flat, 1 time of water spraying is carried out on the rootstocks and the scions 1 day before grafting, strict disinfection is carried out, tools such as hands, blades for grafting, bamboo sticks and the like are disinfected by 70% medical alcohol cotton balls or cotton balls dipped with 0.5 per thousand of potassium permanganate solution before grafting, and the grafting is carried out for 1 time every 1-1.5 hours during operation.

1 day before grafting, spraying the stock and the scion with a mixture of 600 times of metalaxyl manganese zinc solution, 72.2% of puling 1500 times of solution and 400 ten thousand units of agricultural streptomycin (15 kg of water), or with a mixture of 700 times of 72.2% of puling 700 times of solution and 400-500 ten thousand units of agricultural streptomycin (15 kg of water), or with a mixture of 800-1000 times of 70% of thiophanate-methyl for disinfection until the leaves drip, or immersing the scion seedlings into 800 times of methyl mop body fluid for about 2 hours in batches before grafting;

and (4) selecting a sunny day, and grafting under the condition of scattered light or shading.

(VII) grafting:

placing the stock hole tray on a platform with proper height, and removing stock true leaves and growing points in the stock hole tray by using a hand side;

inserting a grafting stick, obliquely inserting the grafting stick close to the base of the midrib of the cotyledon petiole for 5mm at an angle of about 50-60 degrees towards the base of the petiole of the other cotyledon, and slightly penetrating the grafting stick through the surface of the stock to expose the tip of the grafting stick;

the first cutter is obliquely cut at the lmm position below the base of the scion cotyledon node by a blade, and the length of the section is 5 mm;

taking out the grafting sticks, quickly and accurately obliquely inserting the cut scions into the stock inserting holes, and simultaneously enabling the stocks and the scion cotyledons to be crossed into a cross shape;

the insertion tightness of the scion is preferably that the cotyledon of the scion is slightly lifted by the thumb and the forefinger and can not be pulled out; after grafting, the root-cut grafting seedlings are quickly cut into a porous polystyrene foam seedling raising plate filled with a matrix, 1 plant is inserted into each hole, and the cutting depth is 5-6 cm.

Preparing a seedbed: a seedbed is built in a common greenhouse or a multi-span greenhouse, the seedbed is 15-20 cm deep, 1.2 m wide and 2.1-2.2 m long, and a layer of polyethylene film with the thickness of 0.06-0.1 mm can be laid at the bottom of the bed according to specific conditions, the film is tightly attached to the soil surface and extends to cover the edges of the seedbed for 15 cm respectively, soil is used for compaction, so that the seedbed can contain nutrient solution with the depth of 15-20 cm, and bamboo chips are inserted into the seedbed to build a small arched greenhouse;

after grafting of one disc of scion seedlings, the seedling plates are arranged in the seedbed in order, covered with a film and moisturized.

(eighth) grafted seedling management:

1 day after grafting:

keeping the day temperature at 28 ℃ and the night temperature at 23 ℃, keeping the temperature below 32 ℃ by adopting sunshade cooling or film water spraying cooling when the temperature is too high, covering a sunshade net for shading in the day on the aspect of illumination management, and ensuring that the grafted seedlings do not wither when the grafted seedlings can be seen with proper light in the early morning and evening;

4 days after grafting:

the day temperature is 26 ℃, the night temperature is 20 ℃, ventilation and light transmission are carried out, the illumination time is gradually prolonged, and the illumination intensity is increased;

7 days after grafting:

the ventilation is increased, the day temperature is 22 ℃, the night temperature is 18 ℃, and when the watermelon seedlings grow to 1 heart per leaf, the night temperature is controlled to be 15 ℃.

(nine) pest control:

physical control:

increasing illumination intensity, increasing ventilation amount without affecting temperature requirement, arranging 60-mesh insect-proof net at the ventilation opening and the inlet and outlet, and hanging 1 yellow blue plate per 10 square meters in the greenhouse

The insecticidal lamps are hung one by one every 1000 square meters;

chemical control:

day 6 after grafting: the plecong, the sertraline and the agricultural streptomycin are sprayed, so that the damping-off disease is prevented, the immunity is improved, and the bacterial diseases are prevented and treated;

day 12 after grafting: spraying Baitai and eliminating completely, preventing and treating fungal diseases, and preventing and treating cabbage caterpillar and leaf moth;

day 19 after grafting: spraying green paint to prevent powdery mildew;

day 25 after grafting: spraying chlorothalonil and agricultural streptomycin to remove the pesticide completely, preventing fungal diseases, preventing bacterial diseases and preventing cabbage caterpillars and leafworms.

(ten) emergence of seedlings:

managing the grafted seedlings after survival: after the grafted seedling survives, the prepared nutrient solution is put into a seedling bed, the depth of the nutrient solution reaches 15-20 cm, the grafted seedling floats in the nutrient solution, and the nutrient solution rises from the inside of the matrix to the top under the action of capillary tubes of the matrix to supply water and nutrients to the seedling.

The nutrient solution formula comprises: each 1 liter of water contains a large amount of elements: 431 mg of calcium nitrate, 325 mg of potassium nitrate, 75 mg of monopotassium phosphate, 193 mg of magnesium sulfate, trace elements: 12.5 mg of disodium iron ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, 1.43 mg of boric acid (H3BO3), 1.04 mg of manganese sulfate (MnSO 4.4H2O), 0.11 mg of zinc sulfate (ZnSO 4.7H2O) and 0.04 mg of copper sulfate (CuSO 4.5H2O).

Hardening seedlings:

20 ℃ in the daytime and 13 ℃ at night before the seedling emergence of the grafted seedling, reducing the temperature, controlling the water and fertilizer, and increasing the illumination time and intensity to obtain a finished seedling, and removing the sprout tiller as early as possible and repeatedly after grafting;

and (3) seedling emergence:

spraying No. 2 Baoruifeng No. 1.25 per mill 3 days before seedling supply;

spraying enough water 1 day before seedling supply to saturate the matrix, and spraying the chlorothalonil, agricultural streptomycin and ternary compound fertilizer.

Further, in the matrix selection and formulation step,

the grass peat has an EC value of 0.3-0.35, a pH value of 5.5-5.8, a fiber length of 1-7 mm, a particle size of 1-3 mm of vermiculite and a particle size of 3-5 mm of perlite;

further, in the step of stock cultivation,

when seeds are soaked, firstly, the stock seeds are aired for 3-5 hours, then the seeds are placed in warm water at 55 ℃, the mixture is rapidly stirred for 15-20 minutes, when the water temperature is reduced to 30 ℃, 10% of plant resistance inducer O.S. Statefuran is added, the seeds are soaked for 10-20 hours, blighted seeds are removed after 20 hours, the seeds are fished out, cleaned and dried by spin or dried in the clear water on the seed surface, then 2.5% of fludioxonil suspension seed coating agent is used for mixing the seeds, and each bag of 10ml is mixed with 3kg of seeds;

when the stock seeds are germinated in a germination accelerating chamber, firstly paving a film in a germination accelerating disc, then paving a piece of cotton cloth which absorbs water and is wrung, paving the seeds in the germination accelerating disc, wherein the thickness of the cotton cloth is not more than 2cm, then wrapping the germination accelerating disc by using the film, controlling the temperature in the first 15 hours of the germination accelerating process to be 30-32 ℃, reducing the temperature to 30 ℃ after 15 hours, reducing the temperature to 28-30 ℃ when 10% of the seeds are exposed to white, removing the seeds from the germination accelerating chamber when 50% of the seeds are exposed to white, reducing the temperature to room temperature, and waiting for sowing;

when sowing, the length of the stock bud is 3mm, and the sowing depth is 1 cm;

the temperature of the rootstock seedlings before emergence is 28-30 ℃ in the daytime and 18-20 ℃ at night, the film is timely removed after 60-80% of the seedlings emerge, the temperature of the seedlings after emergence is reduced by 26-28 ℃ in the daytime and 16-18 ℃ at night, the illumination time is enhanced and prolonged, the temperature should not be low in the daytime and high in the night even in rainy and snowy days, and after emergence of the rootstock seedlings, the moisture is properly controlled, and in order to meet the nutrition for the growth of the rootstock seedlings, a solution which is 1000 times of fertility-preserving fertility is sprayed and supplemented for 1 time.

Further, in the scion cultivation step:

before seed soaking, drying the seeds in the sun for 3-5 hours, then putting the seeds into warm water at 55 ℃, soaking and stirring the seeds, naturally cooling the seeds to room temperature, adding 10% of plant resistance inducer O.S. Staltyzing, continuously soaking the seeds for 5-6 hours, then fishing out the seeds, spreading the seeds in the shade and drying the seeds or spin-drying the seeds until the seed coats have no clear water;

before the ear seedlings germinate, the temperature in the germination accelerating room is 28-30 ℃ in the daytime and 18-20 ℃ at night, after 48 hours, when 50-70% of the seeds germinate and the sprouts are about 0.5cm long, the seeds are pushed out of the germination accelerating room and laid on a seedbed, the temperature after the seeds come out of the soil is 25-28 ℃ in the daytime and 16-18 ℃ at night, and once fertilizer is supplemented for 2-3 days to meet the nutrition of the seeds for growth.

Further, the ternary compound fertilizer is a compound fertilizer with 18% of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents.

After the technical scheme is adopted, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

the traditional grafting seedling raising mode is changed, the large-scale requirements of grafting seedling raising are met, the morbidity is reduced, the survival rate of grafted seedlings is improved, and large-scale grafting is realized.

The grafted seedlings directly float in the nutrient solution after cuttage for healing and the seedling rate of rooting period management is improved by more than 10%, the cultivated grafted seedlings are uniform and consistent, the commodity is good, the grafted seedlings grow robustly, the root system is developed, the vitality is strong, the grafted seedlings are not easy to age, the adaptability to low temperature is stronger, the soil-borne diseases such as sweet melon blight and the like can be effectively prevented and controlled, the occurrence of soil continuous cropping obstacles is relieved, the grafted seedlings are particularly suitable for facility long-season cultivation, the grafted seedlings are quickly revived after early spring field planting, and the field transplanting survival rate can reach more than 96%.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and do not limit the invention.

The first embodiment is as follows:

a standardized grafting seedling raising method for a high-sweetness small watermelon is characterized by comprising the following steps:

site selection construction:

in areas with good ecology, good water quality, high terrain, convenient irrigation and drainage, convenient traffic, sufficient labor force, complete supporting facilities of water and electricity and the like, the method selects loam or sandy loam with deep soil layer and rich and loose soil to construct a sunlight greenhouse or a multi-span greenhouse;

3000kg/667m of decomposed manure is applied to the melon ridges before soil preparation, and 30kg/667m of potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer is mixed with soil uniformly during soil preparation, so that the land is flat, loose and good in soil moisture before field planting;

(II) facility equipment disinfection:

spraying and disinfecting a seedling raising greenhouse, a greenhouse film, a seedbed, a seedling raising tray and the like by using 50 times of 40% formaldehyde solution, wherein the dosage of the solution is 30mL/m, then closing the solution for 48 hours, ventilating the solution for 5 days, and after formaldehyde is completely volatilized, carrying out seedling raising work;

(III) selecting and preparing a matrix:

the matrix is a mixture of grass carbon, vermiculite and perlite, and the volume ratio of the materials is as follows:

grass carbon: vermiculite: perlite = 4: 1: 1, mixing, preparing and fully mixing;

mixing soil with 40% carbendazim wettable powder, sterilizing, injecting water to obtain matrix with water content of 55%, holding matrix with hand, adding 2kg of ternary compound fertilizer, adding calcium carbonate to adjust pH value, pH5.5, and stacking for 2 hr;

loading the substrate into a tray: when the substrate is packed in a tray, firstly pouring the substrate on cement ground or a film, spraying 600 times of 50 percent carbendazim wettable powder liquid, stirring to ensure that the water content of the substrate reaches about 60 percent of the self weight, namely kneading the substrate into a cluster by hand without flowing water between fingers, naturally dispersing after falling, and then packing; firstly, uniformly pouring a matrix into a seedling raising tray, shaking the seedling raising tray to ensure that the matrix is tightly filled in seedling raising holes, then compacting and scraping the matrix on the surface of the seedling raising tray by using a small wood board with the thickness of 1cm and the length of 50 cm, pouring bottom water thoroughly before grafting, punching 108 small holes with the depth of 1cm on the corresponding positions of the central points of the holes by using a puncher, and waiting for cutting and sowing grafted seedlings.

(IV) stock cultivation:

the compatibility of the stock variety selection and watermelon grafting is strong, the root system is developed, and the stock variety selection is disease-resistant, cold-resistant and heat-resistant, does not affect the quality and flavor of the watermelon, is not easy to senilism, and has the hypocotyls which are easy to generate adventitious roots, such as pumpkin varieties of Jingxin stock No. 3, Yongstock No. 2, Sheng stock No. 1, Xinguo, Zhuang, all-round cuing Jia, Nanstock No. 1, Nanstock No. 3 and the like;

soaking the stock seeds, airing or spin-drying the seed surface without clear water, putting the stock seeds into a germination accelerating tray, transferring the stock seeds into a germination accelerating chamber for accelerating germination, transferring the stock seeds out of the germination accelerating chamber when 80% of the seeds are exposed to the white, and preparing to be sowed into a stock hole tray;

1 hole is drilled for 1 grain, the stock is sown, the depth is 1cm, then vermiculite is covered, the purpose that the grain is flush with the edge of a hole plate of the stock is achieved, clear water is sprayed, moisture wets hole matrixes, a film is covered, and moisture preservation and heat preservation are achieved;

after 80% of the rootstock seedlings come out of the soil, the film is removed, the illumination time is prolonged, and the rootstock cotyledons are flattened to supplement water so as to prevent vain growth;

(V) scion cultivation:

selecting seeds, namely selecting seeds which have the characteristics of good fruit shape, high sweetness, low temperature resistance, weak light, early ripening and market demand as spike seedlings; it is suitable to select early-maturing, easily-seated melon, and high-quality variety, such as Elizabeth, Zhongtian sweet No. 1, Jinmei, Zhaojun No. 1, Jinmi No. 6, Xibo Luo, Yinmi, Cuixiang, and Mi world.

Soaking the ear seedlings in water, drying in the shade or spin-drying until the surface of the seeds is free from open water, and sowing;

1 hole with 1 grain, sowing the ear seedlings with the depth of 1.5, covering vermiculite, watering until the hole matrix is penetrated, and transferring the hole matrix into a germination accelerating chamber;

after 80% of seedlings in the scion seedlings come out of the soil and the sprouts grow by 0.5cm, moving out of the germination accelerating room, watering, and fertilizing when the matrix is dry and wet;

(VI) preparation before grafting:

grafting is carried out when cotyledons of scion seedlings turn green to be flat, 1 time of water spraying is carried out on the rootstocks and the scions 1 day before grafting, strict disinfection is carried out, tools such as hands, blades for grafting, bamboo sticks and the like are disinfected by 70% medical alcohol cotton balls or cotton balls dipped with 0.5 per thousand of potassium permanganate solution before grafting, and the grafting is carried out for 1 time every 1-1.5 hours during operation. 1 day before grafting, spraying the stock and the scion with a mixture of 600 times of metalaxyl manganese zinc solution, 72.2% of puling 1500 times of solution and 400 ten thousand units of agricultural streptomycin (15 kg of water), or with a mixture of 700 times of 72.2% of puling 700 times of solution and 400-500 ten thousand units of agricultural streptomycin (15 kg of water), or with a mixture of 800-1000 times of 70% of thiophanate-methyl for disinfection until the leaves drip, or immersing the scion seedlings into 800 times of methyl mop body fluid for about 2 hours in batches before grafting;

cleaning and disinfecting a grafting tool by adopting 5000 times of 50% carbendazim solution;

and (4) selecting a sunny day, and grafting under the condition of scattered light or shading.

(VII) grafting:

placing the stock hole tray on a platform with proper height, and removing stock true leaves and growing points in the stock hole tray by using a hand side;

inserting a grafting stick, obliquely inserting the grafting stick to the base of the midvein of the cotyledon petiole for 5mm at an angle of about 50-60 degrees towards the base of the cotyledon petiole of the other cotyledon, and slightly penetrating the grafting stick through the stock epidermis to expose the tip of the grafting stick;

using a blade to begin to bevel a cutter at the lmm position below the base of the scion cotyledonary node, wherein the length of a tangent plane is 5 mm;

taking out the grafting sticks, quickly and accurately obliquely inserting the cut scions into the stock inserting holes, and simultaneously enabling the stocks and the scion cotyledons to be crossed into a cross shape;

the insertion tightness of the scion is preferably that the cotyledon of the scion is slightly lifted by the thumb and the forefinger and can not be pulled out; after grafting, the root-cut grafting seedlings are quickly cut into a porous polystyrene foam seedling raising plate filled with a matrix, 1 plant is inserted into each hole, and the cutting depth is 5-6 cm.

Preparing a seedbed: a seedbed is built in a common greenhouse or a multi-span greenhouse, the seedbed is 15-20 cm deep, 1.2 m wide and 2.1-2.2 m long, and a layer of polyethylene film with the thickness of 0.06-0.1 mm can be laid at the bottom of the bed according to specific conditions, the film is tightly attached to the soil surface and extends to cover the edges of the seedbed for 15 cm respectively, soil is used for compaction, so that the seedbed can contain nutrient solution with the depth of 15-20 cm, and bamboo chips are inserted into the seedbed to build a small arched greenhouse;

after grafting of one disc of scion seedlings, the seedling plates are arranged in the seedbed in order, covered with a film and moisturized.

(eighth) grafted seedling management:

1 day after grafting:

keeping the day temperature at 28 ℃ and the night temperature at 23 ℃, keeping the temperature below 32 ℃ by adopting sunshade cooling or film water spraying cooling when the temperature is too high, covering a sunshade net for shading in the day on the aspect of illumination management, and ensuring that the grafted seedlings do not wither when the grafted seedlings can be seen with proper light in the early morning and evening;

4 days after grafting:

the day temperature is 26 ℃, the night temperature is 20 ℃, ventilation and light transmission are carried out, the illumination time is gradually prolonged, and the illumination intensity is increased;

7 days after grafting:

increasing ventilation volume, wherein the day temperature is 22 ℃, the night temperature is 18 ℃, and when the watermelon seedlings grow to 1 heart per leaf, the night temperature is controlled to be 15 ℃;

removing lateral buds:

timely removing adventitious buds growing from the rootstock, ensuring the healthy growth of the scion, and preventing the cotyledon and the scion of the rootstock from being damaged when the lateral buds are removed;

and (3) seedling grading:

and (4) moving the robust plants with consistent sizes to the same cultivation tray, strengthening maintenance management of the plantlets and the weak plantlets, and timely cleaning the diseased plants.

(nine) pest control:

physical control:

increasing illumination intensity, increasing ventilation amount without affecting temperature requirement, arranging 60-mesh insect-proof net at the ventilation opening and the inlet and outlet, and hanging 1 yellow blue plate per 10 square meters in the greenhouse

The insecticidal lamps are hung one by one every 1000 square meters;

chemical control:

day 6 after grafting: the plecong, the sertraline and the agricultural streptomycin are sprayed, so that the damping-off disease is prevented, the immunity is improved, and the bacterial diseases are prevented and treated;

day 12 after grafting: spraying Baitai and eliminating completely, preventing and treating fungal diseases, and preventing and treating cabbage caterpillar and leaf moth;

day 19 after grafting: spraying green paint to prevent powdery mildew;

day 25 after grafting: spraying chlorothalonil and agricultural streptomycin to remove the pesticide completely, preventing fungal diseases, preventing bacterial diseases and preventing cabbage caterpillars and leafworms.

(ten) emergence of seedlings:

managing the grafted seedlings after survival: after the grafted seedling survives, the prepared nutrient solution is put into a seedling bed, the depth of the nutrient solution reaches 15-20 cm, the grafted seedling floats in the nutrient solution, and the nutrient solution rises from the inside of the matrix to the top under the action of capillary tubes of the matrix to supply water and nutrients to the seedling.

The nutrient solution formula comprises: each 1 liter of water contains a large amount of elements: 431 mg of calcium nitrate, 325 mg of potassium nitrate, 75 mg of monopotassium phosphate, 193 mg of magnesium sulfate, trace elements: 12.5 mg of disodium iron ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, 1.43 mg of boric acid (H3BO3), 1.04 mg of manganese sulfate (MnSO 4.4H2O), 0.11 mg of zinc sulfate (ZnSO 4.7H2O) and 0.04 mg of copper sulfate (CuSO 4.5H2O).

Hardening seedlings:

20 ℃ in the daytime and 13 ℃ at night before the seedling emergence of the grafted seedling, reducing the temperature, controlling the water and fertilizer, and increasing the illumination time and intensity to obtain a finished seedling, and removing the sprout tiller as early as possible and repeatedly after grafting;

and (3) seedling emergence:

spraying No. 2 Baoruifeng No. 1.25 per mill 3 days before seedling supply;

spraying enough water 1 day before seedling supply to saturate the matrix water, and spraying the chlorothalonil and agricultural streptomycin once.

The ternary compound fertilizer is a compound fertilizer with 18 percent of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents.

Preferably, in the rootstock cultivation step,

when seeds are soaked, firstly, the stock seeds are aired for 3 hours, then the seeds are placed in warm water at 55 ℃, the mixture is rapidly stirred for 15 minutes, when the water temperature is reduced to 30 ℃, 10 percent of plant resistance inducer O.S. Statezin is added, the seeds are soaked for 10 hours, blighted seeds are removed after 20 hours, the seeds are fished out, cleaned and dried, or the surface clear water of the seeds is aired, then 2.5 percent of fludioxonil suspension seed coating agent is used for mixing the seeds, and each bag of 10ml of the seed coating agent is mixed with 3kg of seeds;

when the stock seeds are germinated in a germination accelerating chamber, firstly paving a film in the germination accelerating disc, then paving a piece of cotton cloth which absorbs water and is wrung, paving the seeds in the germination accelerating disc, wherein the thickness of the cotton cloth is not more than 2cm, wrapping the germination accelerating disc by using the film, controlling the temperature in the first 15 hours of the germination accelerating process to be 30 ℃, reducing the temperature to 30 ℃ after 15 hours, reducing the temperature to 28 ℃ when 10% of the seeds are exposed to white, removing the seeds from the germination accelerating chamber when 50% of the seeds are exposed to white, and reducing the temperature to room temperature for sowing;

the temperature of the rootstock seedlings before emergence in the daytime is 28 ℃, the temperature of the rootstock seedlings at night is 18 ℃, the film is timely torn off after 60% of the seedlings emerge, the temperature of the rootstock seedlings after emergence is reduced, the temperature of the rootstock seedlings is 26 ℃ in the daytime and 16 ℃ at night, the illumination time is enhanced and prolonged, the temperature should not be low in the daytime and high in the night even in rainy and snowy days, the moisture is properly controlled after the rootstock seedlings emerge, and 1-time fertility-preserving solution is sprayed in combination with water supplement for meeting the nutrition of the rootstock seedlings for growth.

Preferably, in the scion cultivation step:

before seed soaking, drying the seeds in the sun for 3 hours, then putting the seeds into warm water at 55 ℃, soaking the seeds and stirring, naturally cooling to room temperature, adding 10% of plant resistance inducer O.S. Staltyzing, continuously soaking the seeds for 5 hours, then fishing out, spreading the seeds in the shade and drying or spin-drying the seeds until the seed coats are free of open water;

before the ear seedlings germinate, the temperature in the germination accelerating room is 28 ℃ in daytime and 18 ℃ at night, after 48 hours, when 50% of the seeds germinate and the sprouts are about 0.5cm long, the germination accelerating room is pushed out and laid on a seedbed, the temperature after emergence is 25 ℃ in daytime and 16 ℃ at night, once fertilizer is supplemented in 2 days for meeting the growth nutrition of the seeds, 1000 times of solution of special fertilizer for Gelnkeel No. 1 seedling culture can be sprayed in combination with water supplement, and when the leaves are unfolded and flat and the color turns green, grafting can be carried out.

The invention provides a standardized grafting seedling method for high-sweetness small watermelons, which can change the traditional grafting seedling method, meet the large-scale requirement of grafting seedling, reduce the morbidity, improve the survival rate of the grafted seedlings and realize large-scale grafting.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.

Example two:

a standardized grafting seedling raising method for a high-sweetness small watermelon is characterized by comprising the following steps:

site selection construction:

in areas with good ecology, good water quality, high terrain, convenient irrigation and drainage, convenient traffic, sufficient labor force, complete supporting facilities of water and electricity and the like, the method selects loam or sandy loam with deep soil layer and rich and loose soil to construct a sunlight greenhouse or a multi-span greenhouse;

before soil preparation, applying the potassium sulfate compound fertilizer of 30kg/667m on melon ridges, uniformly mixing the potassium sulfate compound fertilizer with soil during soil preparation, and leveling, loosening and five-stubble soil before field planting, so that the soil moisture is good;

(II) facility equipment disinfection:

spraying and disinfecting a seedling raising greenhouse, a greenhouse film, a seedbed, a seedling raising tray and the like by using 50-fold liquid of 40% formaldehyde, wherein the dosage of the liquid is 30-50mL/m, then sealing for 48 hours, ventilating for 5 days, and after the formaldehyde is completely volatilized, carrying out seedling raising work;

(III) selecting and preparing a matrix:

the matrix is a mixture of grass carbon, vermiculite and perlite, and the volume ratio of the materials is as follows:

grass carbon: vermiculite: perlite = 4: 1: 1, mixing, preparing and fully mixing;

mixing soil with 40% carbendazim wettable powder for disinfection, injecting water into each cube, wherein the water content of the matrix is 55%, tightly holding the matrix with hands, having watermarks without forming water drops, adding 5kg of ternary compound fertilizer, adding calcium carbonate to adjust the pH value, the pH value is 5.5-6.5, and piling for 2 hours;

loading the substrate into a tray: when the substrate is packed in a tray, firstly pouring the substrate on cement ground or a film, spraying 600 times of 50 percent carbendazim wettable powder liquid, stirring to ensure that the water content of the substrate reaches about 60 percent of the self weight, namely kneading the substrate into a cluster by hand without flowing water between fingers, naturally dispersing after falling, and then packing; firstly, uniformly pouring a matrix into a seedling raising tray, shaking the seedling raising tray to ensure that the matrix is tightly filled in seedling raising holes, then compacting and scraping the matrix on the surface of the seedling raising tray by using a small wood board with the thickness of 1cm and the length of 50 cm, pouring bottom water thoroughly before grafting, punching 108 small holes with the depth of 1cm on the corresponding positions of the central points of the holes by using a puncher, and waiting for cutting and sowing grafted seedlings.

(IV) stock cultivation:

the compatibility of the stock variety selection and watermelon grafting is strong, the root system is developed, and the stock variety selection is disease-resistant, cold-resistant and heat-resistant, does not affect the quality and flavor of the watermelon, is not easy to senilism, and has the hypocotyls which are easy to generate adventitious roots, such as pumpkin varieties of Jingxin stock No. 3, Yongstock No. 2, Sheng stock No. 1, Xinguo, Zhuang, all-round cuing Jia, Nanstock No. 1, Nanstock No. 3 and the like;

soaking the stock seeds, airing or spin-drying the seed surface without clear water, putting the stock seeds into a germination accelerating tray, transferring the stock seeds into a germination accelerating chamber for accelerating germination, transferring the stock seeds out of the germination accelerating chamber when 80% of the seeds are exposed to the white, and preparing to be sowed into a stock hole tray;

1 hole is drilled for 1 grain, the stock is sown, the depth is 1cm, then vermiculite is covered, the purpose that the grain is flush with the edge of a hole plate of the stock is achieved, clear water is sprayed, moisture wets hole matrixes, a film is covered, and moisture preservation and heat preservation are achieved;

after 60-80% of the rootstock seedlings are unearthed, the film is removed, the illumination time is prolonged, and the rootstock cotyledons are flattened to supplement water so as to prevent vain growth;

(V) scion cultivation:

selecting seeds, namely selecting seeds which have the characteristics of good fruit shape, high sweetness, low temperature resistance, weak light, early ripening and market demand as spike seedlings; it is suitable to select early-maturing, easily-seated melon, and high-quality variety, such as Elizabeth, Zhongtian sweet No. 1, Jinmei, Zhaojun No. 1, Jinmi No. 6, Xibo Luo, Yinmi, Cuixiang, and Mi world.

Soaking the ear seedlings in water, drying in the shade or spin-drying until the surface of the seeds is free from open water, and sowing;

1 hole with 1 grain, sowing the ear seedlings with the depth of 1.5, covering vermiculite, watering until the hole matrix is penetrated, and transferring the hole matrix into a germination accelerating chamber;

after 60-80% of seedlings in the scion seedlings come out of the soil and the sprouts grow by 0.5cm, moving out of a germination accelerating room, watering, and fertilizing when the matrix is dry and wet;

(VI) preparation before grafting:

grafting is carried out when cotyledons of scion seedlings turn green to be flat, 1 time of water spraying is carried out on the rootstocks and the scions 1 day before grafting, strict disinfection is carried out, tools such as hands, blades for grafting, bamboo sticks and the like are disinfected by 70% medical alcohol cotton balls or cotton balls dipped with 0.5 per thousand of potassium permanganate solution before grafting, and the grafting is carried out for 1 time every 1-1.5 hours during operation. 1 day before grafting, spraying the stock and the scion with a mixture of 600 times of metalaxyl manganese zinc solution, 72.2% of puling 1500 times of solution and 400 ten thousand units of agricultural streptomycin (15 kg of water), or with a mixture of 700 times of 72.2% of puling 700 times of solution and 400-500 ten thousand units of agricultural streptomycin (15 kg of water), or with a mixture of 800-1000 times of 70% of thiophanate-methyl for disinfection until the leaves drip, or immersing the scion seedlings into 800 times of methyl mop body fluid for about 2 hours in batches before grafting.

Cleaning and disinfecting a grafting tool by adopting 5000 times of 50% carbendazim solution;

selecting a sunny day, and grafting under the condition of scattered light or shading;

(VII) grafting:

placing the stock hole tray on a platform with proper height, and removing stock true leaves and growing points in the stock hole tray by using a hand side;

inserting a grafting stick, obliquely inserting the grafting stick close to the base of the midrib of the cotyledon petiole for 5mm at an angle of about 50-60 degrees towards the base of the petiole of the other cotyledon, and slightly penetrating the grafting stick through the surface of the stock to expose the tip of the grafting stick;

the first cutter is obliquely cut at the lmm position below the base of the scion cotyledon node by a blade, and the length of the section is 5 mm;

taking out the grafting sticks, quickly and accurately obliquely inserting the cut scions into the stock inserting holes, and simultaneously enabling the stocks and the scion cotyledons to be crossed into a cross shape;

the insertion tightness of the scion is preferably that the cotyledon of the scion is slightly lifted by the thumb and the forefinger and can not be pulled out; after grafting, the root-cut grafting seedlings are quickly cut into a porous polystyrene foam seedling raising plate filled with a matrix, 1 plant is inserted into each hole, and the cutting depth is 5-6 cm.

Preparing a seedbed: a seedbed is built in a common greenhouse or a multi-span greenhouse, the seedbed is 15-20 cm deep, 1.2 m wide and 2.1-2.2 m long, and a layer of polyethylene film with the thickness of 0.06-0.1 mm can be laid at the bottom of the bed according to specific conditions, the film is tightly attached to the soil surface and extends to cover the edges of the seedbed for 15 cm respectively, soil is used for compaction, so that the seedbed can contain nutrient solution with the depth of 15-20 cm, and bamboo pieces are inserted into the seedbed to build a small arched greenhouse.

After grafting of a disc of scion seedlings, arranging the seedling raising discs in a seedbed in order, covering a film and preserving moisture;

(eighth) grafted seedling management:

1 day after grafting:

keeping the day temperature at 28 ℃ and the night temperature at 23 ℃, keeping the temperature below 32 ℃ by adopting sunshade cooling or film water spraying cooling when the temperature is too high, covering a sunshade net for shading in the day on the aspect of illumination management, and ensuring that the grafted seedlings do not wither when the grafted seedlings can be seen with proper light in the early morning and evening;

4 days after grafting:

the day temperature is 26 ℃, the night temperature is 20 ℃, ventilation and light transmission are carried out, the illumination time is gradually prolonged, and the illumination intensity is increased;

7 days after grafting:

increasing ventilation volume, wherein the day temperature is 22 ℃, the night temperature is 18 ℃, and when the watermelon seedlings grow to 1 heart per leaf, the night temperature is controlled to be 15 ℃;

removing lateral buds:

timely removing adventitious buds growing from the rootstock, ensuring the healthy growth of the scion, and preventing the cotyledon and the scion of the rootstock from being damaged when the lateral buds are removed;

and (3) seedling grading:

moving robust plants with consistent sizes to the same cultivation tray, strengthening maintenance management of young seedlings and weak seedlings, and timely cleaning diseased plants;

(nine) pest control:

physical control:

increasing illumination intensity, increasing ventilation amount without affecting temperature requirement, arranging 60-mesh insect-proof net at the ventilation opening and the inlet and outlet, and hanging 1 yellow blue plate per 10 square meters in the greenhouse

The insecticidal lamps are hung one by one every 1000 square meters;

chemical control:

day 6 after grafting: the plecong, the sertraline and the agricultural streptomycin are sprayed, so that the damping-off disease is prevented, the immunity is improved, and the bacterial diseases are prevented and treated;

day 12 after grafting: spraying Baitai and eliminating completely, preventing and treating fungal diseases, and preventing and treating cabbage caterpillar and leaf moth;

day 19 after grafting: spraying green paint to prevent powdery mildew;

day 25 after grafting: spraying chlorothalonil and agricultural streptomycin and eliminating completely, preventing fungal diseases, preventing bacterial diseases, and preventing cabbage caterpillars and leafworms;

(ten) emergence of seedlings:

managing the grafted seedlings after survival: after the grafted seedling survives, the prepared nutrient solution is put into a seedling bed, the depth of the nutrient solution reaches 15-20 cm, the grafted seedling floats in the nutrient solution, and the nutrient solution rises from the inside of the matrix to the top under the action of capillary tubes of the matrix to supply water and nutrients to the seedling.

The nutrient solution formula comprises: each 3 liters of water contains a large amount of elements: 431 mg of calcium nitrate, 325 mg of potassium nitrate, 75 mg of monopotassium phosphate, 193 mg of magnesium sulfate, trace elements: 12.5 mg of disodium iron ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, 1.43 mg of boric acid (H3BO3), 1.04 mg of manganese sulfate (MnSO 4.4H2O), 0.11 mg of zinc sulfate (ZnSO 4.7H2O) and 0.04 mg of copper sulfate (CuSO 4.5H2O).

Hardening seedlings:

20 ℃ in the daytime and 13 ℃ at night before the seedling emergence of the grafted seedling, reducing the temperature, controlling the water and fertilizer, and increasing the illumination time and intensity to obtain a finished seedling, and removing the sprouts as early as possible and repeatedly after grafting;

and (3) seedling emergence:

spraying No. 2 Baoruifeng No. 1.25 per mill 3 days before seedling supply;

spraying enough water 1 day before seedling supply to saturate the matrix water, and spraying the chlorothalonil and agricultural streptomycin once.

The ternary compound fertilizer is a compound fertilizer with 18 percent of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents.

Preferably, in the rootstock cultivation step,

when seeds are soaked, firstly, the stock seeds are aired for 3 hours, then the seeds are placed in warm water at 55 ℃, the mixture is rapidly stirred for 15 minutes, when the water temperature is reduced to 30 ℃, 10 percent of plant resistance inducer O.S. Statezin is added, the seeds are soaked for 10 hours, blighted seeds are removed after 20 hours, the seeds are fished out, cleaned and dried, or the surface clear water of the seeds is aired, then 2.5 percent of fludioxonil suspension seed coating agent is used for mixing the seeds, and each bag of 10ml of the seed coating agent is mixed with 3kg of seeds;

when the stock seeds are germinated in a germination accelerating chamber, firstly paving a film in the germination accelerating disc, then paving a piece of cotton cloth which absorbs water and is wrung, paving the seeds in the germination accelerating disc, wherein the thickness of the cotton cloth is not more than 2cm, wrapping the germination accelerating disc by using the film, controlling the temperature in the first 15 hours of the germination accelerating process to be 30 ℃, reducing the temperature to 30 ℃ after 15 hours, reducing the temperature to 28 ℃ when 10% of the seeds are exposed to white, removing the seeds from the germination accelerating chamber when 50% of the seeds are exposed to white, and reducing the temperature to room temperature for sowing;

the temperature of the rootstock seedlings before emergence is 28 ℃ in the daytime and 18 ℃ at night, the film is timely removed after 60% of the seedlings emerge, the temperature of the seedlings after emergence is reduced, the temperature of the seedlings is 26 ℃ in the daytime and 16 ℃ at night, the illumination time is enhanced and prolonged, the temperature of the seedlings in the daytime and the temperature of the seedlings in the nighttime are not required to be low in the daytime and high in the nighttime even in rainy and snowy days, the moisture is properly controlled after the rootstock seedlings emerge, and in order to meet the nutrition for the growth of the rootstock seedlings, 1-time solution with 1000 times of fertility preservation is sprayed in combination with water replenishing.

Preferably, in the scion cultivation step:

before seed soaking, drying the seeds in the sun for 3 hours, then putting the seeds into warm water at 55 ℃, soaking the seeds and stirring, naturally cooling to room temperature, adding 10% of plant resistance inducer O.S. Staltyzing, continuously soaking the seeds for 5 hours, then fishing out, spreading the seeds in the shade and drying or spin-drying the seeds until the seed coats are free of open water;

before the ear seedlings germinate, the temperature in the germination accelerating room is 28 ℃ in daytime and 18 ℃ at night, after 48 hours, when 50% of the seeds germinate and the sprouts are about 0.5cm long, the germination accelerating room is pushed out and laid on a seedbed, the temperature after emergence is 25 ℃ in daytime and 16 ℃ at night, once fertilizer is supplemented in 2 days for meeting the growth nutrition of the seeds, 1000 times of solution of special fertilizer for Gelnkeel No. 1 seedling culture can be sprayed in combination with water supplement, and when the leaves are unfolded and flat and the color turns green, grafting can be carried out.

The invention provides a standardized grafting seedling method for high-sweetness small watermelons, which can change the traditional grafting seedling method, meet the large-scale requirements of grafting seedling, reduce the morbidity, improve the survival rate of grafted seedlings and realize large-scale grafting.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. A standardized grafting seedling raising method for a high-sweetness small watermelon is characterized by comprising the following steps:

site selection construction:

in areas with good ecology, good water quality, high terrain, convenient irrigation and drainage, convenient traffic, sufficient labor force, complete supporting facilities of water and electricity and the like;

(II) facility equipment disinfection:

spraying and sterilizing a seedling raising greenhouse, a greenhouse film, a seedling bed, a seedling raising tray and the like;

(III) selecting and preparing a matrix:

the matrix is a mixture of grass carbon, vermiculite and perlite, and the volume ratio of the materials is as follows: grass carbon: vermiculite: perlite = 4: 1: 1; mixing soil with 40% carbendazim wettable powder for disinfection;

loading the substrate into a tray: firstly, uniformly pouring a matrix into a seedling raising tray, shaking the seedling raising tray to ensure that the matrix is compactly filled in seedling raising holes, then compacting and scraping the matrix on the surface of the seedling raising tray by using a small wood board with the thickness of 1cm and the length of 50 cm, pouring bottom water thoroughly before grafting, punching 108 small holes with the depth of 1cm in the corresponding positions of the central points of the holes by using a puncher, and waiting for cutting and sowing grafted seedlings;

(IV) stock cultivation:

the selection of the stock varieties has strong affinity with the grafting of the watermelons, developed root systems, disease resistance, cold resistance and heat resistance, does not influence the quality and the flavor of the watermelons, is not easy to senilism, and has the hypocotyls which are easy to generate adventitious roots, such as the pumpkin varieties of Jingxin stock No. 3, Yongzhen stock No. 2, Sheng stock No. 1, Xinguo, Zhuang, all-round cuing Jia, Nanzhen stock No. 1 and Nanzhen No. 3;

soaking the stock seeds, airing or spin-drying the seed surface without clear water, putting the stock seeds into a germination accelerating tray, transferring the stock seeds into a germination accelerating room for accelerating germination, transferring the stock seeds out of the germination accelerating room when 80% of the seeds are exposed to the white, and preparing for sowing the stock seeds into a seedling raising tray;

seeding of stock seedling-raising plate: 1 hole is drilled for 1 grain, the stock is sown, the depth is 1cm, then vermiculite is covered, the purpose that the stock is flush with the edge of a seedling tray is achieved, clear water is sprayed, water wets hole matrixes, a film is covered, and moisture and heat preservation are achieved;

after 80% of the rootstock seedlings come out of the soil, the film is removed, the illumination time is prolonged, and the rootstock cotyledons are flattened to supplement water so as to prevent vain growth;

(V) scion cultivation:

selecting seeds which have good fruit type, high sweetness, low temperature resistance, weak light and early maturity and meet the market demand characteristics as scion seedlings; selecting early-maturing, easily-seated melon, and high-quality variety, such as Elizabeth, Zhongtian sweet No. 1, Jinmei, Zhaojun No. 1, Jinmi No. 6, Xibo lotuo, Yinmi, Cuixiang, and Mi world;

soaking the ear seedlings in water, drying in the shade or spin-drying until the surface of the seeds is free from open water, and sowing;

and (3) sowing the scion seedlings in a seedling-raising plate: 1 hole with 1 grain, sowing the ear seedlings with the depth of 1.5, covering vermiculite, watering until the hole matrix is penetrated, and transferring the hole matrix into a germination accelerating chamber;

after 80% of seedlings in the scion seedlings come out of the soil and the sprouts grow by 0.5cm, moving out of the germination accelerating room, watering, and fertilizing when the matrix is dry and wet;

(VI) preparation before grafting:

grafting when cotyledon of a scion seedling turns green to be flat, spraying 1 time of water on the rootstock and the scion 1 day before grafting, and carefully disinfecting, wherein before grafting, a 70% medical alcohol cotton ball or a cotton ball dipped with 0.5 per thousand potassium permanganate solution is used for disinfecting hands, a blade for grafting, a bamboo stick and other tools, and the grafting is carried out for 1 time every 1-1.5 hours;

1 day before grafting, spraying the stock and the scion with a mixture of 600 times of metalaxyl manganese zinc solution, 72.2% of puling 1500 times of solution and 400 ten thousand units of agricultural streptomycin (15 kg of water), or with a mixture of 700 times of 72.2% of puling 700 times of solution and 400-500 ten thousand units of agricultural streptomycin (15 kg of water), or with a mixture of 800-1000 times of 70% of thiophanate-methyl for disinfection until the leaves drip, or immersing the scion seedlings into 800 times of methyl mop body fluid for about 2 hours in batches before grafting;

selecting a sunny day, and grafting under the condition of scattered light or shading;

(VII) grafting:

placing the stock hole tray on a platform with proper height, and removing stock true leaves and growing points in the stock hole tray by using a hand side;

inserting a grafting stick, obliquely inserting the grafting stick to the base of the midvein of the cotyledon petiole for 5mm at an angle of about 50-60 degrees towards the base of the cotyledon petiole of the other cotyledon, and slightly penetrating the grafting stick through the stock epidermis to expose the tip of the grafting stick;

the first cutter is obliquely cut at the lmm position below the base of the scion cotyledon node by a blade, and the length of the section is 5 mm;

taking out the grafting sticks, quickly and accurately obliquely inserting the cut scions into the stock inserting holes, and simultaneously enabling the stocks and the scion cotyledons to be crossed into a cross shape;

the insertion tightness of the scion is preferably that the cotyledon of the scion is slightly lifted by the thumb and the forefinger and can not be pulled out; after grafting, cutting the root-cut grafted seedling into a porous polystyrene foam seedling raising tray filled with a matrix, wherein 1 plant is inserted into each hole, and the cutting depth is 5-6 cm;

preparing a seedbed: a seedbed is built in a common greenhouse or a multi-span greenhouse, the seedbed is 15-20 cm deep, 1.2 m wide and 2.1-2.2 m long, and a layer of polyethylene film with the thickness of 0.06-0.1 mm can be laid at the bottom of the bed according to specific conditions, the film is tightly attached to the soil surface and extends to cover the edges of the seedbed for 15 cm respectively, soil is used for compaction, so that the seedbed can contain nutrient solution with the depth of 15-20 cm, and bamboo chips are inserted into the seedbed to build a small arched greenhouse;

after grafting of a disc of scion seedlings, arranging the seedling raising discs in a seedbed in order, covering a film and preserving moisture;

(eighth) grafted seedling management:

1 day after grafting:

keeping the day temperature at 28 ℃ and the night temperature at 23 ℃, keeping the temperature below 32 ℃ by adopting sunshade cooling or film water spraying cooling when the temperature is too high, covering a sunshade net for shading in the day on the aspect of illumination management, and ensuring that the grafted seedlings do not wither when the grafted seedlings can be seen with proper light in the early morning and evening;

4 days after grafting:

the day temperature is 26 ℃, the night temperature is 20 ℃, ventilation and light transmission are carried out, the illumination time is gradually prolonged, and the illumination intensity is increased;

7 days after grafting:

increasing ventilation volume, wherein the day temperature is 22 ℃, the night temperature is 18 ℃, and when the watermelon seedlings grow to 1 heart per leaf, the night temperature is controlled to be 15 ℃;

(nine) pest control:

physical control:

increasing illumination intensity, increasing ventilation amount without affecting temperature requirement, arranging 60-mesh insect-proof net at the ventilation opening and the inlet and outlet, and hanging 1 yellow blue plate per 10 square meters in the greenhouse

The insecticidal lamps are hung one by one every 1000 square meters;

chemical control:

day 6 after grafting: the plecong, the sertraline and the agricultural streptomycin are sprayed, so that the damping-off disease is prevented, the immunity is improved, and the bacterial diseases are prevented and treated;

day 12 after grafting: spraying Baitai and eliminating completely, preventing and treating fungal diseases, and preventing and treating cabbage caterpillar and leaf moth;

day 19 after grafting: spraying green paint to prevent powdery mildew;

day 25 after grafting: spraying chlorothalonil and agricultural streptomycin and eliminating completely, preventing fungal diseases, preventing bacterial diseases, and preventing cabbage caterpillars and leafworms;

(ten) emergence of seedlings:

managing the grafted seedlings after survival: after the grafted seedling survives, putting the prepared nutrient solution into a seedling bed, enabling the depth of the nutrient solution to reach 15-20 cm, enabling the grafted seedling to float in the nutrient solution, and enabling the nutrient solution to rise from the inside of the matrix to the top under the action of capillary tubes of the matrix to supply water and nutrients for the seedling;

the nutrient solution formula comprises: each 1 liter of water contains a large amount of elements: 431 mg of calcium nitrate, 325 mg of potassium nitrate, 75 mg of monopotassium phosphate, 193 mg of magnesium sulfate, trace elements: 12.5 mg of disodium iron ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, 1.43 mg of boric acid (H3BO3), 1.04 mg of manganese sulfate (MnSO 4.4H2O), 0.11 mg of zinc sulfate (ZnSO 4.7H2O) and 0.04 mg of copper sulfate (CuSO 4.5H2O);

hardening seedlings:

20 ℃ in the daytime and 13 ℃ at night before the seedling emergence of the grafted seedling, reducing the temperature, controlling the water and fertilizer, and increasing the illumination time and intensity to obtain a finished seedling, and removing the sprout tiller as early as possible and repeatedly after grafting;

and (3) seedling emergence:

spraying No. 2 Baoruifeng No. 1.25 per mill 3 days before seedling supply;

spraying enough water 1 day before seedling supply to saturate the matrix, and spraying the chlorothalonil, agricultural streptomycin and ternary compound fertilizer.

2. The standardized grafting seedling method of mini-watermelon with high sweetness according to claim 1,

in the selection and formulation steps of the matrix,

the grass carbon has an EC value of 0.3-0.35, a pH value of 5.5-5.8, a fiber length of 1-7 mm, a particle size of 1-3 mm of vermiculite and a particle size of 3-5 mm of perlite.

3. The standardized grafting seedling method of mini-watermelon with high sweetness according to claim 1,

in the step of the cultivation of the rootstock,

when seeds are soaked, firstly, the rootstock seeds are aired for 3-5 hours, then the seeds are placed in warm water with the temperature of 55 ℃, the seeds are quickly stirred for 15-20 minutes, when the water temperature is reduced to 30 ℃, 10% of plant resistance inducer O.S. Statefuran is added, the seeds are soaked for 10-20 hours, blighted seeds are removed after 20 hours, the seeds are fished out, cleaned and dried or the surface of the seeds is dried in clear water, then 2.5% of fludioxonil suspension seed coating agent is used for mixing the seeds, and each bag of 10ml is mixed with 3kg of seeds;

when the stock seeds are germinated in a germination accelerating chamber, firstly paving a film in a germination accelerating disc, then paving a piece of cotton cloth which absorbs water and is wrung, paving the seeds in the germination accelerating disc, wherein the thickness of the cotton cloth is not more than 2cm, then wrapping the germination accelerating disc by using the film, controlling the temperature in the first 15 hours of the germination accelerating process to be 30-32 ℃, reducing the temperature to 30 ℃ after 15 hours, reducing the temperature to 28-30 ℃ when 10% of the seeds are exposed to white, removing the seeds from the germination accelerating chamber when 50% of the seeds are exposed to white, reducing the temperature to room temperature, and waiting for sowing;

when sowing, the length of the stock bud is 3mm, and the sowing depth is 1 cm;

the temperature of the rootstock seedlings before emergence is 28-30 ℃ in the daytime and 18-20 ℃ at night, the film is timely removed after 60-80% of the seedlings emerge, the temperature of the seedlings after emergence is reduced by 26-28 ℃ in the daytime and 16-18 ℃ at night, the illumination time is enhanced and prolonged, the temperature should not be low in the daytime and high in the night even in rainy and snowy days, and after emergence of the rootstock seedlings, the moisture is properly controlled, and in order to meet the nutrition for the growth of the rootstock seedlings, a solution which is 1000 times of fertility-preserving fertility is sprayed and supplemented for 1 time.

4. The standardized grafting seedling method of mini-watermelon with high sweetness according to claim 1,

in the scion cultivation step:

before seed soaking, drying the seeds in the sun for 3-5 hours, then putting the seeds into warm water at 55 ℃, soaking and stirring the seeds, naturally cooling the seeds to room temperature, adding 10% of plant resistance inducer O.S. Staltyzing, continuously soaking the seeds for 5-6 hours, then fishing out the seeds, spreading the seeds in the shade and drying the seeds or spin-drying the seeds until the seed coats have no clear water;

before the ear seedlings germinate, the temperature in the germination accelerating room is 28-30 ℃ in the daytime and 18-20 ℃ at night, after 48 hours, when 50-70% of the seeds germinate and the sprouts are about 0.5cm long, the seeds are pushed out of the germination accelerating room and laid on a seedbed, the temperature after the seeds come out of the soil is 25-28 ℃ in the daytime and 16-18 ℃ at night, and once fertilizer is supplemented for 2-3 days to meet the nutrition of the seeds for growth.

5. The standardized grafting seedling method of mini-watermelon with high sweetness according to claim 1,

the ternary compound fertilizer is a compound fertilizer with 18 percent of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents.