CN114051859A - Ecological total-nutrition cultivation management method for greenhouse cherry tomatoes - Google Patents
Ecological total-nutrition cultivation management method for greenhouse cherry tomatoes Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
Abstract
The invention provides an ecological total-nutrient cultivation management technology for greenhouse cherry tomatoes, and belongs to the technical field of cherry tomato cultivation. The cultivation technology adopts an ecological agriculture concept, scientifically supplies various nutrient elements in a proper amount in time according to the growth condition of crops, particularly supplements special carbon source fertilizers for vegetables, promotes carbon-nitrogen balance, enables plants to grow more robustly, thereby promoting crops to grow better and faster and greatly improving the yield and the quality. A set of standardized ecological cultivation management technical system is established from the links of variety selection, seedling stage management, field planting management, fertilizer and water management, plant adjustment, pest control, harvesting and the like, and the management and protection level of the facility greenhouse is effectively improved. The cherry tomatoes managed by the technology disclosed by the invention are vigorous in growth, increased in sugar-acid ratio, sour, sweet and delicious, and rich in fruit flavor, and the storage time can be greatly prolonged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cherry tomato cultivation, in particular to a greenhouse cherry tomato ecological total nutrient cultivation management method.
Background
Nowadays, the shopping baskets of common people are more abundant than ever, and can be bought when people want to eat all the year round. More and more people in recent years complain that vegetables are not eaten as good as before, tomatoes are neither sour nor sweet, have thick skins and little juice, and have no special tomato flavor! The cucumber lacks that particular scent! The Chinese cabbage is not easy to be boiled and eaten, and the like, and the root cause is that the problems occur in the planting link. In order to pursue high yield, producers usually do not pay attention to the inherent quality of vegetables, and a large amount of fertilizer is applied in a supernormal way, so that not only soil is hardened and degenerated, but also the quality of agricultural products is rapidly reduced, and the like, and the method poses serious threats to the food and environmental safety of China.
The normal growth of tomatoes requires a good ecological environment, and nutrient supply is one of the most important factors. In order to obtain high-quality and high-yield tomatoes, scientific water and fertilizer management is implemented by analyzing the fertilizer requirement characteristics of the tomatoes, appropriate amount of nutrients required by different growth periods are supplied timely, and improvement of yield, quality and benefit can be realized by combining a series of measures of pruning, forking, timely removing old diseased leaves to facilitate ventilation and light transmission, comprehensive control of plant diseases and insect pests and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides the ecological total-nutrition cultivation management method for the greenhouse cherry tomatoes, which is sour, sweet and delicious in fruits, aromatic in flavor and greatly improved in quality.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the invention comprises the following steps:
A. seedling stage management: a1. sowing in proper time: sowing eggplant seedlings, sowing tomato seedlings 20-25 days later, and inoculating the tomato seedlings to the eggplant seedlings when the tomato seedlings grow to 3-4 leaves and one core; a2. matrix and plug selection: seedling raising by adopting a plug substrate, and selecting a vegetable seedling raising substrate; a3. the sowing method comprises the following steps: the tomato seeds are dibbled and laid in a hole tray, and the substrate is sprayed thoroughly by water after sowing; a4. temperature and humidity management: controlling the temperature to be 20-30 ℃ during seedling culture; a5. and (3) fertilizer and water management: after the cotyledon is flattened, dressing and applying a seedling raising fertilizer according to the seedling condition, mainly taking 0.05-0.1% of balanced water-soluble fertilizer as a main material, and spraying once every 5-7 days; a6. and (3) pest control: the propamocarb hydrochloride of 66.5 percent in the seedling stage is sprayed by 500 times or the chlorothalonil of 75 percent in the seedling stage is sprayed by 600 times to prevent and control diseases; a7. and (3) standard of seedling formation: and (3) standard of seedling formation: transplanting and field planting the seedlings after 4-6 true leaves grow;
B. planting management: b1. sterilizing greenhouse and soil: high-temperature greenhouse closing in the fallow period is utilized; b2. land preparation: before planting, the substrate is turned evenly and flatly, and the cultivation bags are irrigated in a soaking way, so that the substrate can fully absorb water; b3. the planting time is as follows: the autumn planting time is from last 8 to last 9 months; b4. planting density: 1600 plus 1800 plants are planted per mu, and sufficient rooting water is timely poured after planting;
C. and (3) fertilizer and water management: c1. applying 40-50kg of decomposed organic fertilizer and 40-50kg of compound fertilizer per mu; c2. topdressing: after the planting survives, the fertilizer is applied according to the growth vigor
800 times of macroelement water-soluble fertilizer, and is applied once every 5-7 days; c3. topdressing outside roots: after the survival of the field planting, the fertilizer is sprayed for 1 time every 7 to 10 days
300 times of carbon source fertilizer;
D. plant adjustment: d1. and (3) binding vines on the supports: when the plant height is 30 cm-40 cm, a support net or a vine hanging rope is arranged, and vines are guided and tied in time; d2. pruning: adopting a double-trunk pruning mode, reserving 1-2 lateral branches below the first spike flower of the main branch, and timely removing the rest lateral branches; d3. leaf picking: old leaves, yellow leaves and diseased leaves at the lower part of the plant are removed in time.
Further, the eggplant seedlings adopt disease-resistant eggplant seedlings, the sowing time is 7 late ten days, and the seedling of the tomato seedlings, namely the pearl sea red series cherry tomato seedlings, is 8 middle ten days; and (4) planting the tomato seedlings 14 days after the tomato seedlings are inoculated to the eggplant seedlings.
Furthermore, in the step a2, the seedlings are grown in a plug tray with 72 holes and 105 holes, and the vegetable seedling substrate is imported and does not contain coconut fiber peat soil.
Further, in the step a3, filling the seedling raising hole trays with the matrix, scraping the seedling raising hole trays flat, overlapping and pressing the seedling raising hole trays out of the central recess, dibbling and horizontally placing the tomato seeds in the central recess, sowing 1 seed per hole, uniformly covering the matrix with the thickness of 0.5-1.0cm immediately after sowing, spraying water thoroughly after sowing, and keeping the matrix wet.
Further, in the step a4, moisture preservation and heat preservation are carried out before emergence of seedlings, so that the germination and emergence of cherry tomatoes are promoted, the temperature is controlled to be 25-30 ℃, ventilation and cooling are carried out in time after emergence of the seedlings, the seedlings are easy to overgrow when the temperature is too high, the temperature is 20-25 ℃ in the daytime, and the temperature is raised to be about 28 ℃ when new leaves emerge.
Further, the step a5 includes that trialeurodes vaporariorum is trapped and killed by yellow boards, and in the initial stage of damage, agents such as 1000-fold buprofezin wettable powder, 2000-fold, 1500-fold of 10-fold imidacloprid wettable powder, 5-fold high-efficiency cyhalothrin, 30-fold thiamethoxam and the like are alternately sprayed for prevention and control.
Further, when the shed is subjected to high-temperature shed closing in the fallow period in the step b1, 25KG urea is applied to the soil ploughing part, 5cm of soaking water is applied per mu, and organic green manure is absorbed after the shed is closed for 14-28 days for standby application; the cultivation bags in the step b2 are prepared by uniformly mixing a matrix and a fertilizer, then filling the mixture into matrix bags of 40cm x 50cm, wherein the height of the matrix is 33-37cm, regularly arranging the matrix bags in a cultivation greenhouse according to the standard of 120cm row spacing, and paving two rows of drip irrigation belts, wherein 2 plants are cultivated in each bag, and the plant spacing is 35-45 cm.
Further, step c2 is applying
The macroelement water-soluble fertilizer 800 times and 1000 times can be simultaneously applied with 300 times of carbon source fertilizer; spraying for 1 time in step c3
The coenzyme 800-1000 times can be added simultaneously when the carbon source fertilizer is 300 times.
Further, the step c2 and the step c3 also comprise topdressing during the flowering and fruit setting period: 1 st ear of panicle flower, after fruit setting, applying with water
1000 times of macroelement 800-plus carbon source fertilizer 300 times, and is applied once every 5-7 days; top dressing in fruit expanding period: when the 2 nd cluster fruit is expanded, the water is fully applied
1000 times of macroelements, 1500 times of potassium nitrate, 3000 times of carbon source fertilizer and 300 times of carbon source fertilizer, and the macroelements are applied by flushing once every 3 to 5 days.
Further, after the step c3, 300 times of carbon source fertilizer, 1000 times of coenzyme nutrient solution, 2000 times of trace elements and 1500 times of calcium boron fertilizer are sprayed for 1 time every 7 to 10 days in the period from the flowering to the green maturity; turning color of the fruit to a mature period: 300 times of carbon source fertilizer, 500 times of Guo ran Bao 400, 2000 times of microelement and 1500 times of calcium boron fertilizer are sprayed every 10-14 days.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention adopts the ecological agriculture concept, scientifically supplies various nutrient elements in a proper amount in time according to the growth condition of crops, particularly supplements special carbon source fertilizer for vegetables, promotes carbon-nitrogen balance, makes the plant grow more robust, and promotes the crops to grow better and faster; establishing a set of standardized ecological cultivation management technical system starting from links such as variety selection, seedling stage management, field planting management, fertilizer and water management, plant adjustment, pest control, harvesting and the like; the cherry tomatoes managed by the technical management method disclosed by the invention are vigorous in growth, the content of soluble solids, lycopene and vitamin C is respectively increased by 32.80%, 13.18%, 52.53% and 13.18%, the fruits are sour, sweet and delicious, the fragrance is strong, and the quality is greatly improved.
Detailed Description
In this embodiment, the present invention includes the following steps:
1. variety selection: the Zhuhaihong series cherry tomato and disease-resistant eggplant are selected as grafting stocks.
2. Seedling stage management: 1) sowing in proper time: sowing eggplant seedlings in late 7 th month, sowing tomato seedlings in middle 8 th month, grafting the tomato seedlings onto the young seedlings after the tomato seedlings grow to 3-4 leaves and are planted 14 days after grafting; 2) matrix and plug selection: adopting a standard plug tray with 72 holes and 105 holes for seedling culture, wherein the substrate is imported peat soil; 3) the sowing method comprises the following steps: filling the seedling raising hole trays with the matrix, scraping, overlapping and pressing the seedling raising hole trays to form a central recess, dibbling and horizontally placing seeds in the central recess, sowing 1 seed in each hole, uniformly covering the matrix with the thickness of 0.5-1.0cm immediately after sowing, thoroughly spraying the matrix with water after sowing, and keeping the matrix moist; 4) temperature and humidity management: moisturizing and preserving heat before emergence of seedlings to promote the cherry tomatoes to germinate and emerge, controlling the temperature to be 25-30 ℃, ventilating and cooling in time after emergence of seedlings, enabling the seedlings to easily grow excessively at a high temperature, and raising the temperature to about 28 ℃ when new leaves emerge at 20-25 ℃ in the daytime; 5) and (3) fertilizer and water management: after the cotyledon is flattened, topdressing a seedling raising fertilizer according to the seedling condition, mainly taking a balanced water-soluble fertilizer of 0.05-0.1% as a main material, spraying once in 5-7 days, gradually increasing the concentration from low to high, and applying the thin fertilizer frequently; 6) and (3) pest control: the main diseases in the seedling stage are damping-off and damping-off, and can be controlled by spraying 66.5 percent propamocarb hydrochloride 500 times or 75 percent chlorothalonil 600 times, trialeurodes vaporariorum is trapped and killed by yellow boards, and in the initial stage of damage, agents such as 25 percent buprofezin wettable powder 1000 times and 2000 times and 10 percent imidacloprid wettable powder 1500 times or 5 percent high-efficiency cyhalothrin and 30 percent thiamethoxam 1000 times are sprayed alternately; 7) and (3) standard of seedling formation: the grafted seedlings can be transplanted and fixed after growing to 4-6 true leaves.
3. Planting management: 1) sterilizing greenhouse and soil: high-temperature greenhouse closing in the fallow period is utilized, 25KG urea is applied to the soil ploughing part, 5cm of water is soaked per mu, and organic green manure is absorbed after greenhouse closing is carried out for 14-28 days for standby application; 2) land preparation: the greenhouse adopts a matrix bag type cultivation method, the matrix is peat soil without coconut fiber, the matrix and the fertilizer are uniformly mixed and then are filled into a matrix bag of 40cm by 50cm, and the height of the matrix is about 35 cm. Regularly arranging the substrate bags in the cultivation greenhouse according to the standard of the row spacing of 120cm, and paving double-row drip irrigation belts; 3) the planting time is as follows: the planting time is 9 last ten days of the month; 4) planting density: before planting, the matrix is turned evenly and flatly, the cultivation bags are irrigated in a soaking mode, the matrix is made to absorb water fully, 2 plants are planted in each bag, the plant distance is 35-45cm, 1800 plants are planted in each mu, and small water is irrigated after planting.
4. And (3) fertilizer and water management: 1) applying 40-50kg of decomposed organic fertilizer and 40-50kg of compound fertilizer (the proportion of N-P-K is 15-15-15) per mu; 2) topdressing: topdressing in the seedling stage: after the field planting survives, the fertilizer is applied with water
1000 times of macroelement 800-plus carbon source fertilizer 300 times, and is applied once every 5-7 days; topdressing in the flowering and fruit setting stage: 1 st ear of panicle flower, after fruit setting, applying with water
1000 times of macroelement 800-plus carbon source fertilizer 300 times, and is applied once every 5-7 days; top dressing in fruit expanding period: when the 2 nd cluster fruit is expanded, the water is fully applied
Macroelement 1000-1500 times, potassium nitrate 1500-3000 times and carbon source fertilizer 300 times, and the fertilizer is applied once every 3-5 days; 3) topdressing outside roots: after planting and survival and before flowering: 300 times of carbon source fertilizer plus 1000 times of coenzyme 800-containing acid are sprayed for 1 time every 7 to 10 days; 300 times of carbon source fertilizer, 1000 times of coenzyme nutrient solution 800-; turning color of the fruit to a mature period: 300 times of carbon source fertilizer, 500 times of Guo ran Bao 400, 2000 times of microelement and 1500 times of calcium boron fertilizer are sprayed every 10-14 days.
5. Plant adjustment: 1) and (3) binding vines on the supports: when the plant height is 30 cm-40 cm, a support net or a vine hanging rope is arranged, and vines are guided and tied in time; 2) pruning: adopting a double-trunk pruning mode, reserving 1-2 lateral branches below the first spike flower of the main branch, and timely removing the rest lateral branches; 3) leaf picking: old leaves, yellow leaves and diseased leaves at the lower part of the plant are removed in time.
6. And (3) pest control: the method follows the plant protection policy of 'prevention is main and comprehensive prevention' and adheres to the prevention principle of 'agricultural prevention and control, physical prevention and control, biological prevention and control are main and chemical prevention and control are auxiliary'.
7. Harvesting in time: timely batch harvesting is carried out according to market demands and natural maturity of commodities, the pesticide safety interval is strictly followed, and harvesting tools are clean, sanitary and pollution-free.
In this example, the comparison of the cherry tomato quality index test of the cultivation management of the present invention with the conventionally planted cherry tomato quality index test is shown in the following table.
TABLE 1 cherry tomato quality index detection and comparison table
As shown in Table 1, by performing cultivation and management according to the method of example 1, the content of soluble solids, fructose, glucose, vitamin C and lycopene in cherry tomatoes is respectively increased by 32.80%, 35.48%, 48.00%, 52.53% and 13.18%, the content of citric acid is reduced by 33.33%, the sugar-acid ratio is increased by 86.27%, fruits are sour and sweet, and are delicious, fragrant and have obviously improved natural flavor
The method is applied to the technical field of cherry tomato cultivation.
While the embodiments of the present invention have been described in terms of practical embodiments, they are not to be construed as limiting the meaning of the present invention, and modifications of the embodiments and combinations with other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art in light of the present description.
Claims (10)
1. The ecological total-nutrient cultivation management method for the greenhouse cherry tomatoes is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
A. seedling stage management: a1. sowing in proper time: sowing eggplant seedlings, sowing tomato seedlings 20-25 days later, and inoculating the tomato seedlings to the eggplant seedlings when the tomato seedlings grow to 3-4 leaves and one core; a2. matrix and plug selection: seedling raising by adopting a plug substrate, and selecting a vegetable seedling raising substrate; a3. the sowing method comprises the following steps: the tomato seeds are dibbled and laid in a hole tray, and the substrate is sprayed thoroughly by water after sowing; a4. temperature and humidity management: controlling the temperature to be 20-30 ℃ during seedling culture; a5. and (3) fertilizer and water management: after the cotyledon is flattened, dressing and applying a seedling raising fertilizer according to the seedling condition, mainly taking 0.05-0.1% of balanced water-soluble fertilizer as a main material, and spraying once every 5-7 days; a6. and (3) pest control: the propamocarb hydrochloride of 66.5 percent in the seedling stage is sprayed by 500 times or the chlorothalonil of 75 percent in the seedling stage is sprayed by 600 times to prevent and control diseases; a7. and (3) standard of seedling formation: and (3) standard of seedling formation: transplanting and field planting the seedlings after 4-6 true leaves grow;
B. planting management: b1. sterilizing greenhouse and soil: high-temperature greenhouse closing in the fallow period is utilized; b2. land preparation: before planting, the substrate is turned evenly and flatly, and the cultivation bags are irrigated in a soaking way, so that the substrate can fully absorb water; b3. the planting time is as follows: the autumn planting time is from last 8 to last 9 months; b4. planting density: 1600 plus 1800 plants are planted per mu, and sufficient rooting water is timely poured after planting;
C. and (3) fertilizer and water management: c1. applying 40-50kg of decomposed organic fertilizer and 40-50kg of compound fertilizer per mu; c2. topdressing: after the planting survives, the fertilizer is applied according to the growth vigor
800 times of macroelement water-soluble fertilizer, and is applied once every 5-7 days; c3. topdressing outside roots: after the survival of the field planting, the fertilizer is sprayed for 1 time every 7 to 10 days
300 times of carbon source fertilizer;
D. plant adjustment: d1. and (3) binding vines on the supports: when the plant height is 30 cm-40 cm, a support net or a vine hanging rope is arranged, and vines are guided and tied in time; d2. pruning: adopting a double-trunk pruning mode, reserving 1-2 lateral branches below the first spike flower of the main branch, and timely removing the rest lateral branches; d3. leaf picking: old leaves, yellow leaves and diseased leaves at the lower part of the plant are removed in time.
2. The ecological total nutrient cultivation and management method for greenhouse cherry tomatoes according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of (1) adopting disease-resistant eggplant seedlings, wherein the sowing time of the disease-resistant eggplant seedlings is 7 late ten days, and the sowing time of the tomato seedlings, namely the Zhuhaihong series cherry tomato seedlings, is 8 middle ten days; and (4) planting the tomato seedlings 14 days after the tomato seedlings are inoculated to the eggplant seedlings.
3. The ecological total nutrient cultivation and management method for greenhouse cherry tomatoes according to claim 2, characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step a2, the seedlings are cultivated by adopting a standard plug seedling with 72 holes and 105 holes, and the vegetable seedling substrate is imported peat soil without coconut fiber.
4. The ecological total nutrient cultivation and management method for greenhouse cherry tomatoes according to claim 2, characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step a3, filling the seedling raising hole trays with the matrix, scraping, overlapping and pressing the seedling raising hole trays to form a central recess, dibbling and horizontally placing the tomato seeds in the central recess, sowing 1 seed in each hole, uniformly covering the matrix with the thickness of 0.5-1.0cm immediately after sowing, spraying water thoroughly after sowing, and keeping the matrix wet.
5. The ecological total nutrient cultivation and management method for the greenhouse cherry tomatoes, according to claim 3, is characterized in that: and a step a4, moisturizing and preserving heat before emergence of seedlings to promote the cherry tomatoes to germinate and emerge, controlling the temperature to be 25-30 ℃, ventilating and cooling in time after emergence of seedlings, enabling the seedlings to easily grow excessively at a high temperature, and raising the temperature to about 28 ℃ when new leaves emerge at 20-25 ℃ in the day.
6. The ecological total nutrient cultivation and management method for the greenhouse cherry tomatoes, according to claim 3, is characterized in that: step a5 also comprises the step of trapping and killing trialeurodes vaporariorum by adopting yellow boards, and in the initial stage of damage, agents such as 25% buprofezin wettable powder of 1000-fold, 2000-fold, 10% imidacloprid wettable powder of 1500-fold, or 5% high-efficiency cyhalothrin and 30% thiamethoxam of 1000-fold are alternately sprayed for prevention and control.
7. The ecological total nutrient cultivation and management method for the greenhouse cherry tomatoes, according to claim 3, is characterized in that: b1, during high-temperature shed closing in the fallow period, urea 25 KG/mu is applied to the soil ploughing part, 5cm of soaking water is applied to the soil ploughing part, and organic green manure is absorbed after the shed is closed for 14-28 days for later use; the cultivation bags in the step b2 are prepared by uniformly mixing a matrix and a fertilizer, then filling the mixture into matrix bags of 40cm x 50cm, wherein the height of the matrix is 33-37cm, regularly arranging the matrix bags in a cultivation greenhouse according to the standard of 120cm row spacing, and paving two rows of drip irrigation belts, wherein 2 plants are cultivated in each bag, and the plant spacing is 35-45 cm.
8. The ecological total nutrient cultivation and management method for the greenhouse cherry tomatoes, according to claim 3, is characterized in that: in step c2 in applying
The macroelement water-soluble fertilizer 800 times and 1000 times can be simultaneously applied with 300 times of carbon source fertilizer; spraying for 1 time in step c3
The coenzyme 800-1000 times can be added simultaneously when the carbon source fertilizer is 300 times.
9. The ecological total nutrient cultivation and management method for the greenhouse cherry tomatoes, according to claim 3, is characterized in that: and c, topdressing in the flowering and fruit setting period is also included between the step c2 and the step c 3: 1 st ear of panicle flower, after fruit setting, applying with water
1000 times of macroelement 800-plus carbon source fertilizer 300 times, and is applied once every 5-7 days; top dressing in fruit expanding period: when the 2 nd cluster fruit is expanded, the water is fully applied
1000 times of macroelements, 1500 times of potassium nitrate, 3000 times of carbon source fertilizer and 300 times of carbon source fertilizer, and the macroelements are applied by flushing once every 3 to 5 days.
10. The ecological total nutrient cultivation and management method for the greenhouse cherry tomatoes, according to claim 3, is characterized in that: c3, spraying 300 times of carbon source fertilizer, 1000 times of coenzyme nutrient solution, 2000 times of trace elements and 1500 times of calcium boron fertilizer for 1 time every 7-10 days in the period from flowering to green maturity; turning color of the fruit to a mature period: 300 times of carbon source fertilizer, 500 times of Guo ran Bao 400, 2000 times of microelement and 1500 times of calcium boron fertilizer are sprayed every 10-14 days.
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