CN113229053A

CN113229053A - Planting method for vegetables capable of automatically and quantitatively adding selenium-rich nutrient solution

Info

Publication number: CN113229053A
Application number: CN202110580769.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 林飞
Original assignee: Kunshan Vegetable Basket Agricultural And Sideline Products Group Co ltd
Current assignee: Kunshan Vegetable Basket Agricultural And Sideline Products Group Co ltd
Priority date: 2021-05-26
Filing date: 2021-05-26
Publication date: 2021-08-10

Abstract

The invention discloses a planting method for vegetables capable of automatically and quantitatively adding selenium-rich nutrient solution, which relates to the technical field of vegetable planting and comprises the following steps of S1: renovating soil, exposing the soil to the sun, applying base fertilizer to the soil, and performing S2: after the seeds germinate, applying an organic fertilizer every 12-16 days, and spraying a nutrient solution to the seedlings every 2 days, wherein the step S3 is as follows: deeply ploughing soil of a transplanting field before transplanting, applying ecological organic fertilizer, biochar and a soil conditioner, and performing S4: topdressing after planting, spraying foliar fertilizer once 10 days before picking, and step S5: arranging an insect killing lamp on the vegetable ground surface to eliminate insect pests, and step S6: after the vegetables are ripe, the vegetables are pulled up in sequence, the selenium-rich organic fertilizer has the effects of quantitatively supplementing selenium elements, killing diseases and pests and applying organic fertilizer, and the problems that the vegetables are slow in growth and poor in quality, and nutrient components of the vegetables are greatly reduced and the taste of the vegetables is increasingly poor due to the fact that a large amount of hormone fertilizer is used in traditional agricultural planting are solved.

Description

Planting method for vegetables capable of automatically and quantitatively adding selenium-rich nutrient solution

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of vegetable planting, in particular to a vegetable planting method capable of automatically and quantitatively adding selenium-rich nutrient solution.

Background

Along with the improvement of living standard of people, the requirements on vegetables without medicine residue are more strict, and green and pollution-free vegetables become the basic requirements of people on food.

The existing organic soil vegetable culture medium is simple in proportion, the vegetables grown are lack of mineral elements, the growth of the vegetables is slow, and in the agricultural planting process, due to the fact that a large amount of pesticides, various growth factors and other hormones are used, the nutritional ingredients of the vegetables are greatly reduced, and the taste of the vegetables is increasingly poor.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a planting method for vegetables capable of automatically and quantitatively adding selenium-rich nutrient solution, which has the effects of quantitatively supplementing selenium element, killing pests and applying organic fertilizer to make the vegetables grow vigorously, and solves the problems that the vegetables are slow in development and poor in quality due to lack of mineral elements in growth, and nutrient components of the vegetables are greatly reduced and the taste of the vegetables is increasingly poor due to use of a large amount of hormone fertilizer in traditional agricultural planting.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a planting method for vegetables capable of automatically and quantitatively adding selenium-rich nutrient solution comprises the following steps: step S1: selecting a land which is convenient to drain and is close to a water source before planting, planting other varieties of vegetables as a planting land in the previous planting period, selecting a pure variety of vegetables as seeds for later use after the land is selected, soaking the seeds in warm water at 35-45 ℃ for 8-10 h, then fishing out the soaked seeds to naturally air-dry surface moisture, uniformly mixing the air-dried seeds with turf, and storing for later use; selecting seeds of stem vegetables, leaf vegetables and melon and fruit vegetables to carry out rotation planting, renovating soil 2 months before planting the vegetables, finishing the soil into the depth of 30-40cm and the width of 20-30cm, naturally airing the seeds for 5-6 days, exposing the seeds to the sun for 3-4 days, applying base fertilizer to the soil according to 1500 kg/mu, and applying a soil conditioning agent to the soil according to 1 kg/mu, wherein the base fertilizer is prepared by mixing crushed straws with the water content of 50-60%, crushed apple tree leaves, crushed fresh pomelo peel, pig manure, sheep manure, crushed pig bones, expired yoghourt and rice according to the mass ratio of 20:23:30:35:50: 25:37, placing the mixture in nitrogen, fermenting the mixture for 2 days at 45 ℃, fermenting the mixture for 2 days at 55 ℃, fermenting the mixture for 3 days at 60 ℃, and after applying the fertilizer, carrying out rotary tillage on a rotary tillage machine, leveling the field, sprinkling water, putting earthworms with the length of 8-10 cm into the soil according to 1000 strips/mu after sprinkling for 2 days, sequentially paving 2 cm-thick tea leaves and 1 cm-thick straws on the surface of the soil, wherein the water content of the tea leaves is 35-50%, the water content of the straws is 30-33%, and putting 6-8 cm-long earthworms into the soil according to 400 strips/mu after sprinkling for 5 days; step S2: placing preselected vegetable seeds into a plug for seedling culture, mixing turf, carbonized rice hulls, furnace slag, vermiculite and garden soil according to a mass ratio of 1:1:5:2:6 before placing the vegetable seeds into the plug to obtain matrix soil, adding organic fertilizer for mixing, adding the matrix soil, the organic fertilizer and water according to a mass ratio of 5:1:2 into the plug for seedling culture, uniformly spreading the seeds in the plug, covering 2-4 mm of matrix soil after sowing, planting in a nursery garden, keeping the temperature of a seedling culture room at 25-30 ℃, playing music every day for 2 hours after the seeds germinate, watering once every 1-2 days after the vegetable seedlings grow out, applying the organic fertilizer once every 12-16 days, spraying nutrient solution once every 2 days on the seedlings, and growing the seedlings to 2-12 cm after 3-5 weeks of seedling culture; step S3: after the vegetable seedlings grow out, spraying a fertilizer every 8-10 days, and culturing for 20-30 days to obtain the vegetable seedlings; deeply ploughing soil of a transplanting land 2 months before transplanting, applying ecological organic fertilizer, charcoal and a soil conditioner, and spraying a soil disinfectant to the planting land 15-25 days before planting; irrigating the transplanting land 3-5 days before transplanting; watering for 1 time after transplanting; step S4: transplanting the vegetable seedlings in soil for topdressing after planting, spraying liquid fertilizer once every 15-20 days, watering regularly, and intertilling and weeding every 10-20 days; spraying foliar fertilizer once 10 days before picking; step S5: arranging an insect killing lamp on the surface of a vegetable to be matched with an attractant to eliminate insect pests, arranging an electromagnetic radiation emitter in a planting area, killing insects for 2-4 hours at night by adopting electromagnetic radiation, and spraying plant source insect killing liquid medicine once every week, wherein the spraying amount is 10-20 g per plant each time; step S6: after the vegetables are ripe, pulling up the vegetables in sequence, removing yellow leaves and dead leaves, cleaning and packaging.

Optionally, the tea leaves in the step S1 are black tea leaves fermented at 40 ℃.

Optionally, the expired yoghurt in the step S1 is original yoghurt with a shelf life of 2-4 months.

Optionally, the nutrient solution in step S2 is a selenium-rich nutrient solution, and the content of selenium in the selenium-rich nutrient solution is 10-60 mg/kg.

Optionally, the soil conditioner in step S1 includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-50 parts of attapulgite, 20-40 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 10-20 parts of plant ash and 1-3 parts of microbial agent.

Optionally, the liquid fertilizer in step S4 includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-20 parts of urea, 15-20 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 10-15 parts of potassium humate, 10-15 parts of semen brassicae extracting solution and 1-3 parts of rare earth salt.

Optionally, in step S5, the insecticidal lamp is a black light lamp, and the attractant is a pheromone sex attractant.

Optionally, the foliar fertilizer in the step S4 includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-20 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 10-15 parts of potassium sulfate, 3-6 parts of manganese sulfate, 3-5 parts of zinc sulfate, 3-5 parts of borax and 1-3 parts of amino acid.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

firstly, the application of the crop straws in the soil is an effective measure for regulating and controlling the soil fertility of the vegetable greenhouse and reducing the content of NO3-N in the soil.

According to the invention, the earthworms are added into the soil, so that the soil hardening can be prevented, and organic matters can be converted into soil organic matters which can be absorbed by vegetables more easily.

Thirdly, after the seedlings are planted, the foliar fertilizer is applied, so that the nutrient substances can be rapidly supplemented to the seedlings.

Fourthly, the invention can protect the growth of vegetables by killing pests through the insecticidal lamp.

By controlling the selenium application amount, the invention not only promotes the absorption and conversion of selenium to form biological organic selenium and improves the utilization rate of selenium, but also controls the selenium content of vegetables within a safe range, produces safe, high-quality and clean green selenium-rich vegetables without pollution to the environment.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a technical solution: a planting method for vegetables capable of automatically and quantitatively adding selenium-rich nutrient solution comprises the following steps: step S1: selecting a land which is convenient to drain and is close to a water source before planting, planting other varieties of vegetables as a planting land in the previous planting period, selecting a pure variety of vegetables as seeds for later use after the land is selected, soaking the seeds in warm water at 35-45 ℃ for 8-10 h, then fishing out the soaked seeds to naturally air-dry surface moisture, uniformly mixing the air-dried seeds with turf, and storing for later use; selecting seeds of stem vegetables, leaf vegetables and melon and fruit vegetables to carry out rotation planting, renovating soil 2 months before planting the vegetables, finishing the soil into the depth of 30-40cm and the width of 20-30cm, naturally airing the seeds for 5-6 days, exposing the seeds to the sun for 3-4 days, applying base fertilizer to the soil according to 1500 kg/mu, and applying a soil conditioning agent to the soil according to 1 kg/mu, wherein the base fertilizer is crushed straws with the water content of 50-60 percent, crushed apple tree leaves, crushed fresh pomelo peel, pig manure, sheep manure, crushed pig bones, expired yoghourt and rice which are mixed according to the mass ratio of 20:23:30:35:50:50:25:37, placing the mixture in nitrogen, fermenting the mixture for 2 days at 45 ℃, fermenting the mixture for 2 days at 55 ℃, fermenting the mixture for 3 days at 60 ℃, and carrying out rotary tillage by a rotary tillage machine after fertilizer application, leveling the field, sprinkling water, putting earthworms with the length of 8-10 cm into the soil according to 1000 pieces/mu after sprinkling for 2 days, sequentially laying tea leaves with the thickness of 2cm and straws with the thickness of 1cm on the surface of the soil, wherein the water content of the tea leaves is 35-50%, the water content of the straws is 30-33%, and putting earthworms with the length of 6-8 cm into the soil according to 400 pieces/mu after sprinkling for 5 days; step S2: placing preselected vegetable seeds into a plug for seedling cultivation, mixing turf, carbonized rice hulls, furnace slag, vermiculite and garden soil according to a mass ratio of 1:1:5:2:6 before placing the vegetable seeds into the plug to obtain matrix soil, adding organic fertilizer I for mixing, adding the matrix soil, the organic fertilizer I and water according to a mass ratio of 5:1:2 into the plug for seedling cultivation, uniformly sowing the seeds in the plug, covering 2-4 mm of matrix soil after sowing, planting in a nursery, keeping the temperature of a seedling cultivation room at 25-30 ℃, playing music every day for 2 hours after the seeds germinate, watering once every 1-2 days after the vegetable seedlings grow out, applying the organic fertilizer once every 12-16 days, spraying nutrient solution once every 2 days on the seedlings, and growing the seedlings to 2-12 cm after 3-5 weeks of seedling cultivation; step S3: after the vegetable seedlings grow out, spraying a fertilizer every 8-10 days, and culturing for 20-30 days to obtain the vegetable seedlings; deeply ploughing soil of a transplanting land 2 months before transplanting, applying ecological organic fertilizer, charcoal and a soil conditioner, and spraying a soil disinfectant to the planting land 15-25 days before planting; irrigating the transplanting land 3-5 days before transplanting; watering for 1 time after transplanting;

step S4: transplanting the vegetable seedlings in soil for topdressing after planting, spraying liquid fertilizer once every 15-20 days, watering regularly, and intertilling and weeding every 10-20 days; spraying foliar fertilizer once 10 days before picking;

step S5: arranging an insect killing lamp on the surface of a vegetable to be matched with an attractant to eliminate insect pests, arranging an electromagnetic radiation emitter in a planting area, killing insects for 2-4 hours by adopting electromagnetic radiation at night, spraying plant source insect killing liquid medicine once every week, wherein the spraying amount is 10-20 g per plant every time, and the prevention is mainly combined with the prevention; step S6: after the vegetables are ripe, pulling up the vegetables in sequence, removing yellow leaves and dead leaves, cleaning and packaging, and when the planting land is selected, the land with high underground water level and soil is not selected, but the vegetables are crops which need water and cannot contain excessive water, so that soil which is convenient to drain and close to a water source is selected as the planting land. Meanwhile, other varieties of vegetables are required to be planted in the previous planting period to serve as planting lands, the same crop can consume common nutrients when being continuously planted on the same land, the same plant diseases and insect pests are caused, particularly, organic acid secreted by roots and other harmful substances are accumulated, the soil fertility is reduced, other trace elements are lack, the growth and development of the vegetables are abnormal, the plant diseases and insect pests are serious, the yield is reduced sharply, and the quality is reduced, crop straws are applied to the soil, the method is an effective measure for regulating and controlling the soil fertility of the vegetable greenhouse, particularly reducing the content of NO3-N in the soil, the soil fertility can be improved by adding the fermented base fertilizer, the soil hardening can be prevented by adding earthworms into the soil, the organic matter can be converted into soil organic matter, the organic matter is absorbed by the vegetables more easily, and when seeds are grown, the organic fertilizer is used, can accelerate seed germination, and after the seedling is planted, the foliar fertilizer is applied, so that the nutrient substances can be rapidly supplemented for the seedling, and the growth of the vegetable can be protected by killing and removing pests through the insecticidal lamp.

Further, the tea leaves in the step S1 are black tea leaves fermented at 40 ℃, and the fermented black tea leaves are rich in various nutrient components for plant growth and can be used as fertilizer for plants after being processed.

Further, the expired yogurt in the step S1 is the original yogurt with the shelf life of 2-4 months, the expired yogurt is also macromolecular protein, and after fermentation, the protein can be decomposed to serve as a plant fertilizer.

Furthermore, the nutrient solution in the step S2 is a selenium-rich nutrient solution, the content of selenium in the selenium-rich nutrient solution is 10-60 mg/kg, and the selenium application amount is controlled, so that the absorption and conversion of selenium are promoted, bioorganic selenium is formed, the utilization rate of selenium is improved, the selenium content of vegetables is controlled within a safe range, safe, high-quality and clean green selenium-rich vegetables without pollution are produced, and the environment is not polluted.

Further, the soil conditioner in the step S1 includes the following raw materials by weight: 30-50 parts of attapulgite, 20-40 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 10-20 parts of plant ash and 1-3 parts of microbial agent, and the soil conditioner is used for improving soil fertility, enhancing soil air permeability, improving soil sterilization and deinsectization capacity and radically reducing the occurrence of vegetable diseases and insect pests.

Further, the liquid fertilizer in the step S4 comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-20 parts of urea, 15-20 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 10-15 parts of potassium humate, 10-15 parts of semen brassicae extract and 1-3 parts of rare earth salt, and the liquid fertilizer can be quickly absorbed by plants after being sprayed for two hours, and can mobilize the physiological function, preferential development and early maturity of crops.

Further, in step S5, the insecticidal lamp is a black light lamp, the attractant is a pheromone sex attractant, and the combination of the black light and the pheromone sex attractant can quickly attract the insects to approach and be killed by the insecticidal lamp.

Further, the foliar fertilizer in the step S4 comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-20 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 10-15 parts of potassium sulfate, 3-6 parts of manganese sulfate, 3-5 parts of zinc sulfate, 3-5 parts of borax and 1-3 parts of amino acid, and after planting, a foliar fertilizer is applied, so that nutrient substances can be rapidly supplemented to seedlings.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A planting method for vegetables capable of automatically and quantitatively adding selenium-rich nutrient solution is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step S1: selecting a land which is convenient to drain and is close to a water source before planting, planting other varieties of vegetables as a planting land in the previous planting period, selecting a pure variety of vegetables as seeds for later use after the land is selected, soaking the seeds in warm water at 35-45 ℃ for 8-10 h, then fishing out the soaked seeds to naturally air-dry surface moisture, uniformly mixing the air-dried seeds with turf, and storing for later use;

selecting seeds of stem vegetables, leaf vegetables and melon and fruit vegetables to carry out rotation planting, renovating soil 2 months before planting the vegetables, finishing the soil into the depth of 30-40cm and the width of 20-30cm, naturally airing the seeds for 5-6 days, exposing the seeds to the sun for 3-4 days, applying base fertilizer to the soil according to 1500 kg/mu, and applying a soil conditioning agent to the soil according to 1 kg/mu, wherein the base fertilizer is prepared by mixing crushed straws with the water content of 50-60%, crushed apple tree leaves, crushed fresh pomelo peel, pig manure, sheep manure, crushed pig bones, expired yoghourt and rice according to the mass ratio of 20:23:30:35:50: 25:37, placing the mixture in nitrogen, fermenting the mixture for 2 days at 45 ℃, fermenting the mixture for 2 days at 55 ℃, fermenting the mixture for 3 days at 60 ℃, and after applying the fertilizer, carrying out rotary tillage on a rotary tillage machine, leveling the field, sprinkling water, putting earthworms with the length of 8-10 cm into the soil according to 1000 strips/mu after sprinkling for 2 days, sequentially paving 2 cm-thick tea leaves and 1 cm-thick straws on the surface of the soil, wherein the water content of the tea leaves is 35-50%, the water content of the straws is 30-33%, and putting 6-8 cm-long earthworms into the soil according to 400 strips/mu after sprinkling for 5 days;

step S2: placing preselected vegetable seeds into a plug for seedling culture, mixing turf, carbonized rice hulls, furnace slag, vermiculite and garden soil according to a mass ratio of 1:1:5:2:6 before placing the vegetable seeds into the plug to obtain matrix soil, adding organic fertilizer for mixing, adding the matrix soil, the organic fertilizer and water according to a mass ratio of 5:1:2 into the plug for seedling culture, uniformly spreading the seeds in the plug, covering 2-4 mm of matrix soil after sowing, planting in a nursery garden, keeping the temperature of a seedling culture room at 25-30 ℃, playing music every day for 2 hours after the seeds germinate, watering once every 1-2 days after the vegetable seedlings grow out, applying the organic fertilizer once every 12-16 days, spraying nutrient solution once every 2 days on the seedlings, and growing the seedlings to 2-12 cm after 3-5 weeks of seedling culture;

step S3: after the vegetable seedlings grow out, spraying a fertilizer every 8-10 days, and culturing for 20-30 days to obtain the vegetable seedlings; deeply ploughing soil of a transplanting land 2 months before transplanting, applying ecological organic fertilizer, charcoal and a soil conditioner, and spraying a soil disinfectant to the planting land 15-25 days before planting; irrigating the transplanting land 3-5 days before transplanting; watering for 1 time after transplanting;

step S5: arranging an insect killing lamp on the surface of a vegetable to be matched with an attractant to eliminate insect pests, arranging an electromagnetic radiation emitter in a planting area, killing insects for 2-4 hours at night by adopting electromagnetic radiation, and spraying plant source insect killing liquid medicine once every week, wherein the spraying amount is 10-20 g per plant each time;

step S6: after the vegetables are ripe, pulling up the vegetables in sequence, removing yellow leaves and dead leaves, cleaning and packaging.

2. The method for planting vegetables according to claim 1, wherein said method comprises the steps of: the tea leaves in the step S1 are black tea leaves fermented at 40 ℃.

3. The method for planting vegetables according to claim 1, wherein said method comprises the steps of: the expired yoghourt in the step S1 is the original yoghourt with the shelf life of 2-4 months.

4. The method for planting vegetables according to claim 1, wherein said method comprises the steps of: and S2, the nutrient solution is a selenium-rich nutrient solution, and the content of selenium in the selenium-rich nutrient solution is 10-60 mg/kg.

5. The method for planting vegetables according to claim 1, wherein said method comprises the steps of: the soil conditioner in the step S1 comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-50 parts of attapulgite, 20-40 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 10-20 parts of plant ash and 1-3 parts of microbial agent.

6. The method for planting vegetables according to claim 1, wherein said method comprises the steps of: the liquid fertilizer in the step S4 comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-20 parts of urea, 15-20 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 10-15 parts of potassium humate, 10-15 parts of semen brassicae extracting solution and 1-3 parts of rare earth salt.

7. The method for planting vegetables according to claim 1, wherein said method comprises the steps of: in the step S5, the insecticidal lamp is a black light lamp, and the attractant is a pheromone sex attractant.

8. The method for planting vegetables according to claim 1, wherein said method comprises the steps of: the foliar fertilizer in the step S4 comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-20 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 10-15 parts of potassium sulfate, 3-6 parts of manganese sulfate, 3-5 parts of zinc sulfate, 3-5 parts of borax and 1-3 parts of amino acid.