CN109548544A - A kind of fig implantation methods for preventing and treating pest and disease damage - Google Patents
A kind of fig implantation methods for preventing and treating pest and disease damage Download PDFInfo
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- CN109548544A CN109548544A CN201811210489.XA CN201811210489A CN109548544A CN 109548544 A CN109548544 A CN 109548544A CN 201811210489 A CN201811210489 A CN 201811210489A CN 109548544 A CN109548544 A CN 109548544A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0262—Mulches, i.e. covering material not-pre-formed in mats or sheets
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
- A01G13/0275—Films
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/10—Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
- A01G9/0299—Handling or transporting of soil blocks or seedlings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/06—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings
- A01N43/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/90—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N61/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing substances of unknown or undetermined composition, e.g. substances characterised only by the mode of action
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
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- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
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- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
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Abstract
The present invention relates to agricultural plantation technology fields, and in particular to a kind of fig implantation methods for preventing and treating pest and disease damage.The present invention includes that soil selection walks quickly and keeps away Trap plants, pruning, water and fertilizer management with improvement, cuttage and seedling culture, seedling treatment and field planting, plantation and harvests step.The present invention passes through integrated management, soil organic matter content can be improved, soil-borne pathogen is killed, soil continuous cropping obstacle is reduced, effectively prevents fig tree pest and disease damage, reduce traditional Pesticide use amount, improve fig tree edible value, significantly improve fig tree survival rate and increment, make fig tree most suitable environment and under the conditions of grow up, to improve the yield and quality, increase orchard worker's income.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural plantation technology fields, and in particular to a kind of fig implantation methods for preventing and treating pest and disease damage.
Background technique
Ficus Moraceae ficus species, the primary subtropical zone dry and fertile in Arabic south, now extensively
The most countries in Mediterranean are planted, China's plant fig has more than 2000 years history so far.Fig branch
Numerous full of leaves, tree state is graceful, has preferable ornamental value, is good gardens and courtyard greening ornamental tree species.Fig has
Unique fragrant, promotes the production of body fluid to quench thirst, and old children is all suitable.Fig except fresh food, medicinal outer, also it is processable make do, preserved fruit processed, jam,
Fruit juice, fruit tea, fruit wine, beverage, can etc. have very high economic value.Fig microelement rich in, plant are fine
Dimension, vitamin, amino acid and enzyme, while heat is extremely low, has invigorating stomach and promoting bower movements, subdhing swelling and detoxicating controls enteritis, dysentery, constipation, hemorrhoid
The effects of sore, laryngalgia, ulcerative carbuncle scabies, throat, appetizing expelling parasite, be a kind of health fruit with very high edible value.At present
Easily occur some pest and disease damages, such as gray mold, root knot nematode disease, mulberry borer, Tetranychus urticae in fig planting process, but big
Amount application chemical pesticide can greatly influence the quality of fig.Also it can make fig quality and yield there are also Cultivate administration is improper
Decline, leads to economic loss.
Summary of the invention
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of fig implantation methods, to prevent and treat fig
Pest and disease damage in planting process, and promote fig quality and yield.
To achieve the goals above, the present invention the following technical schemes are provided:
A kind of fig implantation methods for preventing and treating pest and disease damage, comprising the following steps:
(1) select soil: selection soil layer is deep, loose fertile, well-drained neutral or subacidity soil sand soil
Earth plants field as fig；
(2) soil improvement: excavating width 40-60cm, and the bar ditch of depth 45-55cm apply organic fertilizer 2000- in ditch
It 3000kg/ mus, 100-150kg/ mus of calcium magnesium phosphate, returns soil and mixes thoroughly, pouring water when soil is filled to away from ground 10-15cm makes soil sink
It is real, then black degradable mulch is covered, it handles 3-4 weeks；
(3) cuttage and seedling culture: in cuttage at the beginning of -3 months by the end of February, the sprouting branch of elite stand ground or trunk lower part 20cm is selected to insert
3-4d is impregnated in item, cutting in clear water, dips 4-8s taking-up after having impregnated in taking root liquid, seedling stem is placed in yin to root upward downward
Liang Chu dries, and by cutting and furrow face insertion seedbed at 45 °, depth 17-18cm will be native steady and sure after cuttage is complete, and is watered with and determines root
Water, the water-soluble solution of high nitrogen of a N:P:K=30:15:15 is applied in trench digging leaching every month after 30-35d, and 2.5-3kg/ mus；
(4) seedling treatment: selection branch is sturdy, and root system is complete, the nursery stock of no disease and pests harm, leaves and takes trunk 25- after cutting strunk
35cm cuts off too long and lopsided root system, impregnates 6-8h in soak before field planting；
(5) it is colonized: being colonized fig nursery stock by the end of November-mid-December on the soil after improvement, kind plant hole list cheats depth 50-
70cm, diameter 40-60cm, every cave applies organic fertilizer 20kg and soil mixes, and seeding row spacing is 1.3 × 2.5m, planting depth 10-
15cm, it is soil layer layer is steady and sure when plantation, and be watered with water, water seep it is lower after warming measure is set around nursery stock；
(6) Trap plants are walked quickly and kept away in plantation: being planted paper mulberry in fig garden outer ring, planted marjoram and dill in garden；
(7) pruning: using more major branch natural open centre shape training types, and complete stool retains 3-4 major branch, do not stay side shoot,
The 5-7 month wipes out the lateral bud sprouted on major branch in time；Pinching is carried out to major branch after the beginning of autumn, is sprouted after winter fallen leaves to tree body spring in the coming year
Trimming is carried out before dynamic and updates branch, and from cutting back from height 35-40cm on female branch, each side shoot is stayed and trimmed at 1-2 bud, and clip is at horse
It is ungulate；
(8) water and fertilizer management: applying base manure in mid-November to early December, at 200kg/ mus of age tree application of organic fertilizers, and
Compound fertilizer 5-10kg/ mus of supplement carries out top dressing in young sprout phase and fruit expanding period, overwintering in fig germination period, young sprout phase and tree body
It pours water respectively before primary, summer pours water once every 15-30d；
(9) it harvests: starting to harvest in batches to November from mid-July, when fig fruit becomes red or royal purple,
There is an osculum on top, when pulp becomes Microsoft, is harvested in fine day morning or dusk.
Further, the organic fertilizer formula in the step (2) includes 30-60 parts of chicken manure, leaf mustard leaf by weight
15-30 parts, west blue flower 10-20 parts, 20-40 parts of grain bran, 20-40 parts of sugarcane sugar residue, 10-30 parts of potato peel, Anabaena sphaerica 5-
15 parts, 5-15 parts of trichoderma viride, 10-20 parts of sodium humate fertilizer.
Further, the taking root liquid in the step (3) is the indolebutyric acid sodium water solution of 100-200mg/L.
Further, the soak in the step (4) includes the vitamin C and biotin, 0.5% humic of 1mg/kg
Sour potassium, 10% fermentation of bacillus liquid and water.
Further, the warming measure in the step (5) is the rice for covering one layer of 0.3% urea of immersion of film or covering
Careless stalk smears animal fat in trunk.
Further, the Trap plants implantation methods in the step (6) are to plant one every 5m kind in fig garden outer ring
Paper mulberry, marjoram and dill mixed planting are 1-2 plants by mulberry tree both sides, every mulberry tree.
Further, top dressing specific method described in the step (8) is to drench to apply in two times in the young sprout phase, per acre with flat
Weighing apparatus property Water soluble fertilizer (N:P:K=15:15:15) 8-10kg, every minor tick 15d, when fruit expanding period, apply high potassium Water soluble fertilizer (N:P:K=
20:15:30), dosage 10-15kg per acre, and calcareous fertilisers are increased, 800 times of liquid of fruit picking phase foliage-spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) a large amount of organic fertilizers are applied in soil improvement, can not only improve soil organic matter content, improve soil granular knot
Structure enables the root system of fig tree more preferably to extend, pour water plus overlay film create anaerobic condition under, organic materials anaerobic fermentation energy
The a variety of pairs of poisonous and hazardous substances of soil-borne pathogen, such as organic acid, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, ferrous ion, manganese ion are generated, it is right
Soil-borne pathogen has very strong killing effect.Since most of soil-borne pathogens are aerobic microbiologicals, under anaerobic can not
Existence greatly reduces the overwintering probability infected again of pathogen, reduces soil continuous cropping obstacle.The leaf mustard leaf being added in organic fertilizer contains
There are a large amount of Myronate Potassiums, root knot nematode disease can be effectively prevented, Anabaena sphaerica and trichoderma viride can help fixed nitrogen.
(2) planting stock is in vitamin C and biotin, 0.5% potassium humate, 10% bacillus hair including 1mg/kg
6-8h is impregnated in the soak of zymotic fluid and water can significantly improve survival rate, and reduce sprout term disease, improve self resistance.
(3) time of the year when autumn changes into winter is colonized fig seedling, though the low soil moisture of temperature is high, root system can continue development simultaneously in the soil
New root is generated, compared with the fig tree of spring plantation, next year treelet takes root fastly, and restoration ecosystem is fast, and growth period is long, increment
Greatly, yield is high.Planting depth is shallower, and fig survives the rear speed of growth faster.
(4) Insulation is arranged after being colonized around nursery stock to prevent moisture from evaporating, and keep the soil moisture, prevent nursery stock from losing
Water runt seedling promotes root system development and rudiment, survival rate and increment can be greatly improved.
(5) in fig tree outer ring, plantation paper mulberry can trap the important pests mulberry borer of fig tree, plant Ma Yu in garden
Orchid can promote the aromatic odor of fig, and plantation dill can attract a variety of beneficial insects such as wasp fly, parasitic wasp, can generate special gas
Taste drives away the harmful organisms such as aphid, mite class and greatly reduces traditional chemical medicament to substantially reduce the insect pest of fig tree
Usage amount.
(6) integrated management is carried out to fig by artificial cultivation administrative skill appropriate in entire growth period, including whole
Shape trimming, water and fertilizer management and harvesting, make fig tree most suitable environment and under the conditions of grow up, to improve yield and product
Matter increases orchard worker's income.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the object, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiment of the invention clearer, below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention,
Technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is the present invention one
Divide embodiment, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are not making
Every other embodiment obtained, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention under the premise of creative work.
Embodiment 1
A kind of fig implantation methods for preventing and treating pest and disease damage, comprising the following steps:
(1) select soil: selection soil layer is deep, loose fertile, well-drained neutral or subacidity soil sand soil
Earth plants field as fig；
(2) soil improvement: excavating width 40cm, and the bar ditch of depth 55cm apply organic fertilizer 2000kg/ mus, calcium in ditch
150kg/ mus of magnesium-phosphorus fertilizer, organic fertilizer formula includes that 30 parts of 30 parts of chicken manure, leaf mustard leaf by weight, western indigo plant spend 20 parts, grain bran
20 parts, 40 parts of sugarcane sugar residue, 10 parts of potato peel, 5 parts of Anabaena sphaerica, 15 parts of trichoderma viride, 20 parts of sodium humate fertilizer.Return soil
It mixes thoroughly, pouring water when soil is filled to away from ground 10-15cm, it is heavy real to make soil, then covers black degradable mulch, handles 3-4 weeks；
(3) cuttage and seedling culture: in cuttage at the beginning of -3 months by the end of February, the sprouting branch of elite stand ground or trunk lower part 20cm is selected to insert
3-4d is impregnated in item, cutting in clear water, dips 8s taking-up, root court after having impregnated in the indolebutyric acid sodium water solution of 100mg/L
Lower seedling stem is placed in shady place upward and dries, and by cutting and furrow face insertion seedbed at 45 °, depth 17-18cm will after cuttage is complete
It is native steady and sure, and it is watered with root water, every month, the water-soluble solution of high nitrogen of a N:P:K=30:15:15 was applied in trench digging leaching after 30-35d,
2.5kg/ mu；
(4) seedling treatment: selection branch is sturdy, and root system is complete, the nursery stock of no disease and pests harm, leaves and takes trunk 25cm after cutting strunk,
Too long and lopsided root system is cut off, in vitamin C and biotin, 0.5% potassium humate, 10% including 1mg/kg before field planting
6h is impregnated in the aqueous solution of fermentation of bacillus liquid；
(5) it is colonized: being colonized fig nursery stock by the end of November-mid-December on the soil after improvement, kind plant hole list hole is deep
70cm, diameter 50cm, every cave applies organic fertilizer 20kg and soil mixes, and seeding row spacing is 1.3 × 2.5m, planting depth 10-
15cm, it is soil layer layer is steady and sure when plantation, and be watered with water, water seep it is lower after film is covered around nursery stock；
(6) Trap plants are walked quickly and kept away in plantation: planting a paper mulberry, marjoram and dill mixing every 5m kind in fig garden outer ring
1-2 plants are planted by mulberry tree both sides, every mulberry tree；
(7) pruning: using more major branch natural open centre shape training types, and complete stool retains 3-4 major branch, do not stay side shoot,
The 5-7 month wipes out the lateral bud sprouted on major branch in time；Pinching is carried out to major branch after the beginning of autumn, is sprouted after winter fallen leaves to tree body spring in the coming year
Trimming is carried out before dynamic and updates branch, and from cutting back from height 35-40cm on female branch, each side shoot is stayed and trimmed at 1-2 bud, and clip is at horse
It is ungulate；
(8) water and fertilizer management: applying base manure in mid-November to early December, at 200kg/ mus of age tree application of organic fertilizers, and
Compound fertilizer 5kg/ mus of supplement carries out top dressing in young sprout phase and fruit expanding period, and top dressing specific method is to drench to apply in two times in the young sprout phase, often
Mu balance Water soluble fertilizer (N:P:K=15:15:15) 8kg, every minor tick 15d, when fruit expanding period, apply high potassium Water soluble fertilizer (N:P:K
=20:15:30), dosage 15kg per acre, and calcareous fertilisers are increased, 800 times of liquid of fruit picking phase foliage-spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate；In fig
Germination period, the young sprout phase and tree body it is overwintering before pour water respectively primary, summer pours water once every 15-30d；
(9) it harvests: starting to harvest in batches to November from mid-July, when fig fruit becomes red or royal purple,
There is an osculum on top, when pulp becomes Microsoft, is harvested in fine day morning or dusk.
Embodiment 2
A kind of fig implantation methods for preventing and treating pest and disease damage, comprising the following steps:
(1) select soil: selection soil layer is deep, loose fertile, well-drained neutral or subacidity soil sand soil
Earth plants field as fig；
(2) soil improvement: excavating width 50cm, and the bar ditch of depth 50cm apply organic fertilizer 2500kg/ mus, calcium in ditch
130kg/ mus of magnesium-phosphorus fertilizer, organic fertilizer formula includes that 22 parts of 45 parts of chicken manure, leaf mustard leaf by weight, western indigo plant spend 15 parts, grain bran
40 parts, 30 parts of sugarcane sugar residue, 20 parts of potato peel, 10 parts of Anabaena sphaerica, 5 parts of trichoderma viride, 15 parts of sodium humate fertilizer.Return soil
It mixes thoroughly, pouring water when soil is filled to away from ground 10-15cm, it is heavy real to make soil, then covers black degradable mulch, handles 3-4 weeks；
(3) cuttage and seedling culture: in cuttage at the beginning of -3 months by the end of February, the sprouting branch of elite stand ground or trunk lower part 20cm is selected to insert
3-4d is impregnated in item, cutting in clear water, dips 6s taking-up, root court after having impregnated in the indolebutyric acid sodium water solution of 150mg/L
Lower seedling stem is placed in shady place upward and dries, and by cutting and furrow face insertion seedbed at 45 °, depth 17-18cm will after cuttage is complete
It is native steady and sure, and it is watered with root water, every month, the water-soluble solution of high nitrogen of a N:P:K=30:15:15 was applied in trench digging leaching after 30-35d,
3kg/ mus；
(4) seedling treatment: selection branch is sturdy, and root system is complete, the nursery stock of no disease and pests harm, leaves and takes trunk 30cm after cutting strunk,
Too long and lopsided root system is cut off, in vitamin C and biotin, 0.5% potassium humate, 10% including 1mg/kg before field planting
7h is impregnated in the aqueous solution of fermentation of bacillus liquid；
(5) it is colonized: being colonized fig nursery stock by the end of November-mid-December on the soil after improvement, kind plant hole list hole is deep
60cm, diameter 40cm, every cave applies organic fertilizer 20kg and soil mixes, and seeding row spacing is 1.3 × 2.5m, planting depth 10-
15cm, it is soil layer layer is steady and sure when plantation, and be watered with water, water seep it is lower after film is covered around nursery stock；
(6) Trap plants are walked quickly and kept away in plantation: planting a paper mulberry, marjoram and dill mixing every 5m kind in fig garden outer ring
1-2 plants are planted by mulberry tree both sides, every mulberry tree；
(7) pruning: using more major branch natural open centre shape training types, and complete stool retains 3-4 major branch, do not stay side shoot,
The 5-7 month wipes out the lateral bud sprouted on major branch in time；Pinching is carried out to major branch after the beginning of autumn, is sprouted after winter fallen leaves to tree body spring in the coming year
Trimming is carried out before dynamic and updates branch, and from cutting back from height 35-40cm on female branch, each side shoot is stayed and trimmed at 1-2 bud, and clip is at horse
It is ungulate；
(8) water and fertilizer management: applying base manure in mid-November to early December, at 200kg/ mus of age tree application of organic fertilizers, and
Compound fertilizer 7kg/ mus of supplement carries out top dressing in young sprout phase and fruit expanding period, and top dressing specific method is to drench to apply in two times in the young sprout phase, often
Mu balance Water soluble fertilizer (N:P:K=15:15:15) 9kg, every minor tick 15d, when fruit expanding period, apply high potassium Water soluble fertilizer (N:P:K
=20:15:30), dosage 13kg per acre, and calcareous fertilisers are increased, 800 times of liquid of fruit picking phase foliage-spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate；In fig
Germination period, the young sprout phase and tree body it is overwintering before pour water respectively primary, summer pours water once every 15-30d；
(9) it harvests: starting to harvest in batches to November from mid-July, when fig fruit becomes red or royal purple,
There is an osculum on top, when pulp becomes Microsoft, is harvested in fine day morning or dusk.
Embodiment 3
A kind of fig implantation methods for preventing and treating pest and disease damage, comprising the following steps:
(1) select soil: selection soil layer is deep, loose fertile, well-drained neutral or subacidity soil sand soil
Earth plants field as fig；
(2) soil improvement: excavating width 60cm, and the bar ditch of depth 45cm apply organic fertilizer 3000kg/ mus, calcium in ditch
100kg/ mus of magnesium-phosphorus fertilizer, organic fertilizer formula includes that 15 parts of 60 parts of chicken manure, leaf mustard leaf by weight, western indigo plant spend 10 parts, grain bran
30 parts, 20 parts of sugarcane sugar residue, 30 parts of potato peel, 15 parts of Anabaena sphaerica, 10 parts of trichoderma viride, 10 parts of sodium humate fertilizer.It returns
Soil is mixed thoroughly, and pouring water when soil is filled to away from ground 10-15cm, it is heavy real to make soil, then covers black degradable mulch, handles 3-4
Week；
(3) cuttage and seedling culture: in cuttage at the beginning of -3 months by the end of February, the sprouting branch of elite stand ground or trunk lower part 20cm is selected to insert
3-4d is impregnated in item, cutting in clear water, dips 4s taking-up, root court after having impregnated in the indolebutyric acid sodium water solution of 200mg/L
Lower seedling stem is placed in shady place upward and dries, and by cutting and furrow face insertion seedbed at 45 °, depth 17-18cm will after cuttage is complete
It is native steady and sure, and it is watered with root water, every month, the water-soluble solution of high nitrogen of a N:P:K=30:15:15 was applied in trench digging leaching after 30-35d,
3kg/ mus；
(4) seedling treatment: selection branch is sturdy, and root system is complete, the nursery stock of no disease and pests harm, leaves and takes trunk 35cm after cutting strunk,
Too long and lopsided root system is cut off, in vitamin C and biotin, 0.5% potassium humate, 10% including 1mg/kg before field planting
8h is impregnated in the aqueous solution of fermentation of bacillus liquid；
(5) it is colonized: being colonized fig nursery stock by the end of November-mid-December on the soil after improvement, kind plant hole list hole is deep
50cm, diameter 60cm, every cave applies organic fertilizer 20kg and soil mixes, and seeding row spacing is 1.3 × 2.5m, planting depth 10-
15cm, it is soil layer layer is steady and sure when plantation, and be watered with water, water seep it is lower after film is covered around nursery stock；
(6) Trap plants are walked quickly and kept away in plantation: planting a paper mulberry, marjoram and dill mixing every 5m kind in fig garden outer ring
1-2 plants are planted by mulberry tree both sides, every mulberry tree；
(7) pruning: using more major branch natural open centre shape training types, and complete stool retains 3-4 major branch, do not stay side shoot,
The 5-7 month wipes out the lateral bud sprouted on major branch in time；Pinching is carried out to major branch after the beginning of autumn, is sprouted after winter fallen leaves to tree body spring in the coming year
Trimming is carried out before dynamic and updates branch, and from cutting back from height 35-40cm on female branch, each side shoot is stayed and trimmed at 1-2 bud, and clip is at horse
It is ungulate；
(8) water and fertilizer management: applying base manure in mid-November to early December, at 200kg/ mus of age tree application of organic fertilizers, and
Compound fertilizer 10kg/ mus of supplement carries out top dressing in young sprout phase and fruit expanding period, and top dressing specific method is to drench to apply in two times in the young sprout phase,
Use balance Water soluble fertilizer (N:P:K=15:15:15) 10kg, every minor tick 15d per acre, when fruit expanding period apply high potassium Water soluble fertilizer (N:
P:K=20:15:30), dosage 10kg per acre, and calcareous fertilisers are increased, 800 times of liquid of fruit picking phase foliage-spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate；In no flower
Fruit germination period, the young sprout phase and tree body it is overwintering before pour water respectively primary, summer pours water once every 15-30d；
(9) it harvests: starting to harvest in batches to November from mid-July, when fig fruit becomes red or royal purple,
There is an osculum on top, when pulp becomes Microsoft, is harvested in fine day morning or dusk.
Experimental example 1
Experiment place is located at changde, hunan province city Lixian County fig plantation Demonstration Garden, is recorded using above-mentioned 3 embodiments
Method, hillslope processes are 1 mu, and the equal diameter of record fruit, per mu yield and fruit average weight are compared with general planting mode,
As a result such as table 1.
The analysis of 1 Different Ways of Planting fig fruit quality and yield of table
Pest and disease damage incidence is recorded in fig entire growth period, as a result such as table 2.
2 Different Ways of Planting fig pest and disease damage incidence of table
| Gray mold | Root knot nematode disease | Mulberry borer | Tetranychus urticae | |
| Embodiment 1 | 1.0% | 2.2% | 2.7% | 3.5% |
| Embodiment 2 | 1.3% | 1.9% | 2.4% | 2.9% |
| Embodiment 3 | 1.1% | 1.7% | 2.6% | 3.3% |
| Control | 5.6% | 12.3% | 14.8% | 21.7% |
By data in the above table it is found that can significantly be mentioned using a kind of fig implantation methods of prevention and treatment pest and disease damage of the invention
The yield and quality of high fig, and fig disease incidence is reduced, to increase economic efficiency.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of fig implantation methods for preventing and treating pest and disease damage, which comprises the following steps:
(1) select soil: selection soil layer is deep, loose fertile, well-drained neutral or subacidity soil sandy soil is made
Field is planted for fig；
(2) soil improvement: excavating width 40-60cm, and the bar ditch of depth 45-55cm apply organic fertilizer 2000- in ditch
It 3000kg/ mus, 100-150kg/ mus of calcium magnesium phosphate, returns soil and mixes thoroughly, pouring water when soil is filled to away from ground 10-15cm makes soil sink
It is real, then cover black degradable mulch；
(3) cuttage and seedling culture: the sprouting branch of selection elite stand ground or trunk lower part makees cutting, and 3-4d is impregnated in cutting in clear water, leaching
4-8s taking-up is dipped after finishing in taking root liquid, will be native steady and sure after cuttage is complete, and it is watered with root water, trench digging leaching every month Shi Yici
The water-soluble solution of the high nitrogen of N:P:K=30:15:15,2.5-3kg/ mus；
(4) seedling treatment: selection branch is sturdy, and root system is complete, the nursery stock of no disease and pests harm, leaves and takes trunk 25-35cm after cutting strunk, cuts
Too long and lopsided root system is removed, impregnates 6-8h in soak before field planting；
(5) it is colonized: being colonized fig nursery stock by the end of November-mid-December on the soil after improvement, kind plant hole list cheats depth 50-
70cm, diameter 40-60cm, every cave applies organic fertilizer 20kg and soil mixes, and seeding row spacing is 1.3 × 2.5m, planting depth 10-
15cm, it is soil layer layer is steady and sure when plantation, and be watered with water, water seep it is lower after warming measure is set around nursery stock；
(6) Trap plants are walked quickly and kept away in plantation: being planted paper mulberry in fig garden outer ring, planted marjoram and dill in garden；
(7) pruning: using more major branch natural open centre shape training types, and complete stool retains 3-4 major branch, do not stay side shoot, in time
It wipes out lateral bud, pinching and trimming and updates branch；
(8) water and fertilizer management: base manure is applied in mid-November to early December, at 200kg/ mus of age tree application of organic fertilizers, and is supplemented
Compound fertilizer 5-10kg/ mus, carry out top dressing in young sprout phase and fruit expanding period, fig germination period, the young sprout phase and tree body it is overwintering before
It pours water respectively primary, summer pours water once every 15-30d.
2. a kind of fig implantation methods for preventing and treating pest and disease damage according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step
(2) organic fertilizer formula in includes 15-30 parts of 30-60 parts of chicken manure, leaf mustard leaf, west blue flower 10-20 parts, grain bran by weight
20-40 parts, 20-40 parts of sugarcane sugar residue, 10-30 parts of potato peel, 5-15 parts of Anabaena sphaerica, 5-15 parts of trichoderma viride, humic
10-20 parts of sour sodium fertilizer.
3. a kind of fig implantation methods for preventing and treating pest and disease damage according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step
(3) the indolebutyric acid sodium water solution that the taking root liquid in is 100-200mg/L.
4. a kind of fig implantation methods for preventing and treating pest and disease damage according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step
(4) soak in include 1mg/kg vitamin C and biotin, 0.5% potassium humate, 10% fermentation of bacillus liquid and
Water.
5. a kind of fig implantation methods for preventing and treating pest and disease damage according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step
(5) the warming measure in is to cover the rice straw of one layer of 0.3% urea of immersion of film or covering or smear animal oil in trunk
Rouge.
6. a kind of fig implantation methods for preventing and treating pest and disease damage according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step
(6) the Trap plants implantation methods in are to plant a paper mulberry, marjoram and dill hybrid every 5m kind in fig garden outer ring
1-2 plants are planted by mulberry tree both sides, every mulberry tree.
7. a kind of fig implantation methods for preventing and treating pest and disease damage according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step
(8) top dressing specific method described in is drench to apply in two times in the young sprout phase, use per acre balance Water soluble fertilizer (N:P:K=15:15:
15) 8-10kg, every minor tick 15d, when fruit expanding period, apply high potassium Water soluble fertilizer (N:P:K=20:15:30), per acre dosage 10-
15kg, and calcareous fertilisers are increased, 800 times of liquid of fruit picking phase foliage-spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
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| CN110214642A (en) * | 2019-06-05 | 2019-09-10 | 澧县绿之源生态农业科技发展有限公司 | A kind of dragon fruit implantation methods prevented and treated pest and disease damage, improve yield and quality |
| CN112056138A (en) * | 2020-08-12 | 2020-12-11 | 江苏润道生态农业科技有限公司 | Efficient cultivation technology for fig in T-shaped pruning greenhouse |
| CN113575248A (en) * | 2021-07-08 | 2021-11-02 | 台山市金康盈农作物种植专业合作社 | Fig seedling cultivation method |
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