CN112056138A - Efficient cultivation technology for fig in T-shaped pruning greenhouse - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a high-efficiency cultivation technology of figs in a T-shaped pruning greenhouse, the figs are high-yield fruit trees, and mainly take fresh fruits and dry fruits as food, and the food and the medicine are the same; fig likes light, warm and humid environment; the invention not only leads the figs to be fully ventilated and transparent, improves the quality and the yield of the fruits, but also effectively and reasonably utilizes the space of the greenhouse.

Description

Efficient cultivation technology for fig in T-shaped pruning greenhouse

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of crop planting, in particular to a fig T-shaped pruning greenhouse efficient cultivation technology.

Background

Ficus carica is a flowering plant belonging to the genus Ficus of the family Moraceae, mainly growing in some tropical and temperate areas, and belonging to subtropical deciduous small trees. At present, eight hundred varieties of figs are known, most of the figs are evergreen, and the fig is a fallen leaf variety only in places with the length longer than temperate regions. The fruit is bulbous, the tail has a small hole, and pollen is spread by wasp. Also named as A , besides fresh food and medicinal use, fig can also be processed into dried fruit, preserved fruit, jam, fruit juice, fruit tea, fruit wine, beverage, canned food, etc. The dried fig contains no chemical additive, and has thick and sweet taste. The fig juice and the beverage have unique fresh fragrance, produce saliva and quench thirst, and are suitable for the old and the young. The fig tree has luxuriant branches and leaves, elegant tree shape and better ornamental value, and is a good ornamental tree species for greening gardens and courtyards. It is one of the best potted fruit trees to plant fruits in the same year. If the fig bonsai is vigorously developed, the benefit is very obvious, and the fig bonsai is one of the current potted fruit trees with the highest profit rate. However, the prior cultivation technology of the fig has poor ventilation and light transmission, so that the yield is low, the cultivation technology of the fig not only ensures that the fig is fully ventilated and light-transmitted, improves the quality and the yield of fruits, but also effectively and reasonably utilizes the space of a greenhouse.

Disclosure of Invention

Technical problem to be solved

The invention provides a high-efficiency cultivation technology for a T-shaped pruning greenhouse of figs, which solves the defects of low yield caused by poor ventilation and light transmission of the conventional cultivation technology of figs.

(II) the adopted technical scheme

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the T-shaped pruning greenhouse efficient cultivation technology for figs comprises the following steps:

selection of variety

Fresh red large fig fine variety boji red is eaten as the main; the variety has the advantages of opened tree vigor, cold resistance, salt resistance, low initial fruit position and extremely high yield; the fruit is mainly autumn fruit, the peel is bright red or purple red, the pulp is red or light red, and the quality and the taste are excellent; the variety is a large red best variety for fresh food; the tree vigor is medium and strong, the tree posture is open, the branching force is strong, the growth amount of new shoots can reach 2.5m, the branches are 2-3 cm thick, and the internode length is 5 cm; the leaf blade is large, mostly 5 palmate cracks, deep and narrow in carving, 27 cm in leaf diameter, 5 branches of pulse, and irregular wavy saw teeth are arranged at the leaf edge; the petiole is 15 cm long and is yellow green; the cold resistance and the saline-alkali resistance are strong; 2-3 sections of the initial fruit part, high yield; the fruit can be used in summer and autumn, the autumn fruit is used as the main fruit, the fruit is oval or long conical, the fruit shape index is 1.37, the skin color is bright, and the strip is brownish red or purplish red; the fruit ribs are obvious; fruit handle 0.4-0.6 cm; the opening diameter of the fruit mesh is 0.5 cm; the average single fruit weight of the autumn fruits is 60-90 g, and the maximum single fruit weight is 110 g; the pulp is slightly hollow, light red or red, sweet in taste, much in juice, 16% -20% in soluble solid content and excellent in quality;

thirdly, the concrete steps

Firstly, planting 2 branches which are extracted in different directions at a position 20cm away from the ground in the current year, utilizing a strut to induce and reinforce (steel bars or steel wires) to horizontally induce new branches to grow out, pulling one steel wire upwards every 50cm, and fixing by tying to ensure that the fig branches grow upwards vertically so as to keep ventilation and light transmission;

culturing new shoots with the spacing of 25-40 cm on the horizontal branches to form bearing branches in the current year;

thirdly, when the new small fruit grows to be about 50cm, every 6-10 leaves start to be cored to promote nutrition backflow when the small fruit is exposed, vigorous growth is inhibited, useless leaves are timely removed after the fruit is mature, and nutrition loss is reduced;

fourthly, after the fruits on the cultured young shoots are harvested, 1-2 bud cutbacks are left from the base parts for germination in the next year, and the fruits grow; if a new branch grows out, selecting a strong branch as a fruiting branch, and beating the rest branches, and repeating the step (III);

density arrangement

The row spacing is 1.6m x 2.5m

Fourth, water and fertilizer management

4.1 fertilization

The fig belongs to a fruit tree with large absorption capacity of calcium fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer; nitrogenous fertilizer is mainly used in the sapling period, and urea (5kg) is mainly added with root-promoting amino acid, fulvic acid and the like to promote growth, and monopotassium phosphate is sprayed on the leaf surfaces of the young trees by 0.1-0.3 percent; after young fruits come out, balanced water soluble fertilizer (20-20-20+ TE) is applied for 10d-15d once, 5 kg/mu once; the calcium-magnesium fertilizer is applied twice midway and 5 kg/mu of fertilizer is applied once, so that the absorption of root systems is promoted, the flower bud differentiation is promoted, and the fruit hardness is increased; promoting sugar accumulation at the later fruit expansion stage, applying high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer, balancing at the next time, and supplementing calcium fertilizer and potassium dihydrogen phosphate to leaf surfaces at the first time;

4.2 base fertilizer

In autumn every year, after picking fruits, applying fully decomposed high-quality organic fertilizer about 2-4 tons per mu, and applying mixed compound fertilizer 40-70 kg/mu in a trench 40cm away from the tree root;

4.3 watering

The irrigation period is generally 10d-15d after 5 months of weather dry period and rainy season, and irrigation is carried out for 1 time by using a drip irrigation tape for about 30 minutes at intervals;

5 prevention and control of diseases and pests

The fig is planted in a greenhouse, basically has no diseases, has strong resistance to boji red, has few diseases and insect pests, and has some diseases and insect pests, such as main anthracnose, gray mold, trialeurodes vaporariorum, aphid, longicorn and the like;

5.1 Mulberry longicorn

Killing adults in the middle ten days of 6 months, killing adults by adopting sugar-vinegar liquid or sticky tape, or plugging insect holes by using tung oil, sealing by using a wet mud ball, and suffocating and dying larvae; or mixing sorghum flour and pyrethroid pesticide such as beta-cypermethrin with water at a ratio of 3:1 to obtain paste, blocking wormholes, and poisoning longicorn larvae; note that there may be many insect mouths on the same trunk, should find the insect feces mouth and seal one by one, can also use the hook-like iron wire, hook and kill the larva;

5.2 anthracnose

Anthracnose mainly damages fruits, and in late 6-late 7, 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder 800 times liquid as well as 1200 times or 60% pyrinebetosan water dispersible granules 750 times leaf surface is uniformly sprayed for prevention and treatment;

5.3 Bemisia alba and aphids

The greenhouse fig is harvested and listed in the market sequentially at the bottom of 6 months and 7 months, whiteflies and aphids are easy to appear before the fig appears, the prevention and control method adopts a yellow sticky trap and a sticky tape to hang at the position 20cm away from the treetop by a steel wire, 60 pieces of white sticky trap are hung every 667m2, and more white sticky trap is hung at intersections and wind ports; meanwhile, the air port is sealed by a 40-mesh insect-proof net to prevent external winged insects and birds from entering, and the uniform prevention and treatment can be realized by adopting 1000-fold liquid of 10 percent imidacloprid or 4000-fold and 5000-fold leaf surface spraying of 22.4 percent spirotetramat suspending agent or fumigation by using medicaments;

6 harvesting

The fig has the characteristic of being ripe one fruit a day, and is required to be harvested every day in a ripening season; the harvesting time is best when the color of the peel is initially purple and the flesh is pinched by hands; when picking, the fruit is preferably held by hand and lifted slightly, and the fruit is cut off by 0.5-2cm with the fruit handle by scissors without damaging the fruit peel.

(III) advantageous effects

The invention provides a fig T-shaped pruning greenhouse efficient cultivation technology, which has the following beneficial effects:

the invention not only leads the figs to be fully ventilated and transparent, improves the quality and the yield of the fruits, but also effectively and reasonably utilizes the space of the greenhouse.

Detailed Description

All of the features disclosed in this specification, or all of the steps in any method or process so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations of features and/or steps that are mutually exclusive.

Any feature disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract) may be replaced by alternative features serving equivalent or similar purposes, unless expressly stated otherwise. That is, unless expressly stated otherwise, each feature is only an example of a generic series of equivalent or similar features.

Examples

The T-shaped pruning greenhouse efficient cultivation technology for figs comprises the following steps: selection of variety

Fresh red large fig fine variety boji red is eaten as the main; the variety has the advantages of opened tree vigor, cold resistance, salt resistance, low initial fruit position and extremely high yield; the fruit is mainly autumn fruit, the peel is bright red or purple red, the pulp is red or light red, and the quality and the taste are excellent; the variety is a large red best variety for fresh food; the tree vigor is medium and strong, the tree posture is open, the branching force is strong, the growth amount of new shoots can reach 2.5m, the branches are 2-3 cm thick, and the internode length is 5 cm; the leaf blade is large, mostly 5 palmate cracks, deep and narrow in carving, 27 cm in leaf diameter, 5 branches of pulse, and irregular wavy saw teeth are arranged at the leaf edge; the petiole is 15 cm long and is yellow green; the cold resistance and the saline-alkali resistance are strong; 2-3 sections of the initial fruit part, high yield; the fruit can be used in summer and autumn, the autumn fruit is used as the main fruit, the fruit is oval or long conical, the fruit shape index is 1.37, the skin color is bright, and the strip is brownish red or purplish red; the fruit ribs are obvious; fruit handle 0.4-0.6 cm; the opening diameter of the fruit mesh is 0.5 cm; the average single fruit weight of the autumn fruits is 60-90 g, and the maximum single fruit weight is 110 g; the pulp is slightly hollow, light red or red, sweet in taste, much in juice, 16% -20% in soluble solid content and excellent in quality;

fourthly, the concrete steps

Firstly, planting 2 branches which are extracted in different directions at a position 20cm away from the ground in the current year, utilizing a strut to induce and reinforce (steel bars or steel wires) to horizontally induce new branches to grow out, pulling one steel wire upwards every 50cm, and fixing by tying to ensure that the fig branches grow upwards vertically so as to keep ventilation and light transmission;

culturing new shoots with the spacing of 25-40 cm on the horizontal branches to form bearing branches in the current year;

thirdly, when the new small fruit grows to be about 50cm, every 6-10 leaves start to be cored to promote nutrition backflow when the small fruit is exposed, vigorous growth is inhibited, useless leaves are timely removed after the fruit is mature, and nutrition loss is reduced;

fourthly, after the fruits on the cultured young shoots are harvested, 1-2 bud cutbacks are left from the base parts for germination in the next year, and the fruits grow; if a new branch grows out, selecting a strong branch as a fruiting branch, and beating the rest branches, and repeating the step (III);

density arrangement

The row spacing is 1.6m x 2.5m

Fourth, water and fertilizer management

4.1 fertilization

The fig belongs to a fruit tree with large absorption capacity of calcium fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer; nitrogenous fertilizer is mainly used in the sapling period, and urea (5kg) is mainly added with root-promoting amino acid, fulvic acid and the like to promote growth, and monopotassium phosphate is sprayed on the leaf surfaces of the young trees by 0.1-0.3 percent; after young fruits come out, balanced water soluble fertilizer (20-20-20+ TE) is applied for 10d-15d once, 5 kg/mu once; the calcium-magnesium fertilizer is applied twice midway and 5 kg/mu of fertilizer is applied once, so that the absorption of root systems is promoted, the flower bud differentiation is promoted, and the fruit hardness is increased; promoting sugar accumulation at the later fruit expansion stage, applying high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer, balancing at the next time, and supplementing calcium fertilizer and potassium dihydrogen phosphate to leaf surfaces at the first time;

4.2 base fertilizer

In autumn every year, after picking fruits, applying fully decomposed high-quality organic fertilizer about 2-4 tons per mu, and applying mixed compound fertilizer 40-70 kg/mu in a trench 40cm away from the tree root;

4.3 watering

The irrigation period is generally 10d-15d after 5 months of weather dry period and rainy season, and irrigation is carried out for 1 time by using a drip irrigation tape for about 30 minutes at intervals;

5 prevention and control of diseases and pests

The fig is planted in the greenhouse, basically no diseases are caused, the boji red resistance is strong, the diseases and insect pests are few, and some diseases and insect pests, main anthracnose, gray mold, trialeurodes vaporariorum, aphid, longicorn and the like;

5.1 Mulberry longicorn

Killing adults in the middle ten days of 6 months, killing adults by adopting sugar-vinegar liquid or sticky tape, or plugging insect holes by using tung oil, sealing by using a wet mud ball, and suffocating and dying larvae; or mixing sorghum flour and pyrethroid pesticide such as beta-cypermethrin with water at a ratio of 3:1 to obtain paste, blocking wormholes, and poisoning longicorn larvae; note that there may be many insect mouths on the same trunk, should find the insect feces mouth and seal one by one, can also use the hook-like iron wire, hook and kill the larva;

5.2 anthracnose

Anthracnose mainly damages fruits, and in late 6-late 7, 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder 800 times liquid as well as 1200 times or 60% pyrinebetosan water dispersible granules 750 times leaf surface is uniformly sprayed for prevention and treatment;

5.3 Bemisia alba and aphids

The greenhouse fig is harvested and listed in the market sequentially at the bottom of 6 months and 7 months, whiteflies and aphids are easy to appear before the fig appears, the prevention and control method adopts a yellow sticky trap and a sticky tape to hang at the position 20cm away from the treetop by a steel wire, 60 pieces of white sticky trap are hung every 667m2, and more white sticky trap is hung at intersections and wind ports; meanwhile, the air port is sealed by a 40-mesh insect-proof net to prevent external winged insects and birds from entering, and the uniform prevention and treatment can be realized by adopting 1000-fold liquid of 10 percent imidacloprid or 4000-fold and 5000-fold leaf surface spraying of 22.4 percent spirotetramat suspending agent or fumigation by using medicaments;

6 harvesting

The fig has the characteristic of being ripe one fruit a day, and is required to be harvested every day in a ripening season; the harvesting time is best when the color of the peel is initially purple and the flesh is pinched by hands; when picking, the fruit is preferably held by hand and lifted slightly, and the fruit is cut off by 0.5-2cm with the fruit handle by scissors without damaging the fruit peel.

The invention not only leads the figs to be fully ventilated and transparent, improves the quality and the yield of the fruits, but also effectively and reasonably utilizes the space of the greenhouse.

While the basic teachings of the present invention have been described, numerous extensions and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. As the present invention disclosed in the specification may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or general characteristics thereof, and it is noted that some of these specific forms have been set forth, the embodiments disclosed in the specification should be considered as illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the invention is indicated by the appended claims, rather than the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are intended to be embraced therein.

Claims (1)

1. The T-shaped pruning greenhouse efficient cultivation technology for figs is characterized by comprising the following steps:

selection of variety

Fresh red large fig fine variety boji red is eaten as the main; the variety has the advantages of opened tree vigor, cold resistance, salt resistance, low initial fruit position and extremely high yield; the fruit is mainly autumn fruit, the peel is bright red or purple red, the pulp is red or light red, and the quality and the taste are excellent; the variety is a large red best variety for fresh food; the tree vigor is medium and strong, the tree posture is open, the branching force is strong, the growth amount of new shoots can reach 2.5m, the branches are 2-3 cm thick, and the internode length is 5 cm; the leaf blade is large, mostly 5 palmate cracks, deep and narrow in carving, 27 cm in leaf diameter, 5 branches of pulse, and irregular wavy saw teeth are arranged at the leaf edge; the petiole is 15 cm long and is yellow green; the cold resistance and the saline-alkali resistance are strong; 2-3 sections of the initial fruit part, high yield; the fruit can be used in summer and autumn, the autumn fruit is used as the main fruit, the fruit is oval or long conical, the fruit shape index is 1.37, the skin color is bright, and the strip is brownish red or purplish red; the fruit ribs are obvious; fruit handle 0.4-0.6 cm; the opening diameter of the fruit mesh is 0.5 cm; the average single fruit weight of the autumn fruits is 60-90 g, and the maximum single fruit weight is 110 g; the pulp is slightly hollow, light red or red, sweet in taste, much in juice, 16% -20% in soluble solid content and excellent in quality;

second, the concrete steps

Firstly, planting 2 branches which are extracted in different directions at a position 20cm away from the ground in the current year, utilizing a strut to induce and reinforce (steel bars or steel wires) to horizontally induce new branches to grow out, pulling one steel wire upwards every 50cm, and fixing by tying to ensure that the fig branches grow upwards vertically so as to keep ventilation and light transmission;

culturing new shoots with the spacing of 25-40 cm on the horizontal branches to form bearing branches in the current year;

thirdly, when the new small fruit grows to be about 50cm, every 6-10 leaves start to be cored to promote nutrition backflow when the small fruit is exposed, vigorous growth is inhibited, useless leaves are timely removed after the fruit is mature, and nutrition loss is reduced;

fourthly, after the fruits on the cultured young shoots are harvested, 1-2 bud cutbacks are left from the base parts for germination in the next year, and the fruits grow; if a new branch grows out, selecting a strong branch as a fruiting branch, and beating the rest branches, and repeating the step (III);

density arrangement

The row spacing is 1.6m x 2.5m

Fourth, water and fertilizer management

4.1 fertilization

The fig belongs to a fruit tree with large absorption capacity of calcium fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer; nitrogenous fertilizer is mainly used in the sapling period, and urea (5kg) is mainly added with root-promoting amino acid, fulvic acid and the like to promote growth, and monopotassium phosphate is sprayed on the leaf surfaces of the young trees by 0.1-0.3 percent; after young fruits come out, balanced water soluble fertilizer (20-20-20+ TE) is applied for 10d-15d once, 5 kg/mu once; the calcium-magnesium fertilizer is applied twice midway and 5 kg/mu of fertilizer is applied once, so that the absorption of root systems is promoted, the flower bud differentiation is promoted, and the fruit hardness is increased; promoting sugar accumulation at the later fruit expansion stage, applying high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer, balancing at the next time, and supplementing calcium fertilizer and potassium dihydrogen phosphate to leaf surfaces at the first time;

4.2 base fertilizer

In autumn every year, after picking fruits, applying fully decomposed high-quality organic fertilizer about 2-4 tons per mu, mixing compound fertilizer 40-70kg per mu, and ditching and applying 40cm away from tree roots;

4.3 watering

The irrigation period is generally 10d-15d after 5 months of weather dry period and rainy season, and irrigation is carried out for 1 time by using a drip irrigation tape for about 30 minutes at intervals;

5 prevention and control of diseases and pests

The fig is planted in the greenhouse, basically no diseases are caused, the boji red resistance is strong, the diseases and insect pests are few, and some diseases and insect pests, main anthracnose, gray mold, trialeurodes vaporariorum, aphid, longicorn and the like;

5.1 Mulberry longicorn

Killing adults in the middle ten days of 6 months, killing adults by adopting sugar-vinegar liquid or sticky tape, or plugging insect holes by using tung oil, sealing by using a wet mud ball, and suffocating and dying larvae; or mixing sorghum flour and pyrethroid pesticide such as beta-cypermethrin with water at a ratio of 3:1 to obtain paste, blocking wormholes, and poisoning longicorn larvae; note that there may be many insect mouths on the same trunk, should find the insect feces mouth and seal one by one, can also use the hook-like iron wire, hook and kill the larva;

5.2 anthracnose

Anthracnose mainly damages fruits, and in late 6-late 7, the 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 800-;

5.3 Bemisia alba and aphids

The greenhouse fig is harvested and listed in the market sequentially at the bottom of 6 months and 7 months, whiteflies and aphids are easy to appear before the fig appears, the prevention and control method adopts a yellow sticky trap and a sticky tape to hang at the position 20cm away from the treetop by a steel wire, 60 pieces of white sticky trap are hung every 667m2, and more white sticky trap is hung at intersections and wind ports; meanwhile, the air port is sealed by a 40-mesh insect-proof net to prevent external winged insects and birds from entering, and the uniform prevention and treatment can be realized by adopting 1000-fold liquid of 10 percent imidacloprid or 4000-fold and 5000-fold leaf surface spraying of 22.4 percent spirotetramat suspending agent or fumigation by using medicaments;

6 harvesting

The fig has the characteristic of being ripe one fruit a day, and is required to be harvested every day in a ripening season; the harvesting time is best when the color of the peel is initially purple and the flesh is pinched by hands; when picking, the fruit is preferably held by hand and lifted slightly, and the fruit is cut off by 0.5-2cm with the fruit handle by scissors without damaging the fruit peel.