CN111480506A - Efficient cuttage and grafting breeding method for passion fruit seedlings - Google Patents
Efficient cuttage and grafting breeding method for passion fruit seedlings Download PDFInfo
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for efficiently cuttage and grafting breeding of passion fruit seedlings, which is characterized in that a disease-resistant variety 'gold passion fruit' is selected as a stock, and purple red fruits 'Tainong No. 2 and Tainong No. 9' are selected as scions; cutting off new branches which germinate in spring in the current year and reach semi-lignification, and cutting the new branches into cutting ears; dipping the base part of the cutting into rooting powder, then straightly inserting the cutting into a substrate, and pouring clear water after the cutting; adopting a cleft grafting method in grafting; prying the stock, inserting the scion to enable the stock and the scion to be tightly attached, then moving a plastic expansion hose at the lower end of the stock upwards to sleeve the stock and the scion, and sealing one half of the whole stock and scion; the plastic expansion hose expands along with the growth thickening of the stock spike, and can automatically expand, break and crack after complete healing grafting and survival, thereby indicating that the grafted seedling is successfully bred. The invention adopts yellow fruit variety resisting basal rot as stock; the purple red fruit high-quality variety is used as the scion to carry out grafting breeding on the seedlings, so that the grafting breeding method which has the advantages of disease resistance, high quality and high yield of the seedlings is achieved, and high yield and high quality are achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for efficient cuttage and grafting breeding of passion fruit seedlings, and belongs to a technique for breeding improved crops.
Background
Passion fruit, also known as passion fruit, belongs to evergreen vine of Passiflora of Passifloraceae and is about 6 meters long; the stem has fine stripes and no hair; 5 petals which are as long as sepals; the base is light green, the middle is purple, the top is white, the berry is egg-shaped, the diameter is 3-4cm, and the berry is hairless and is purple red or yellow when mature; seeds are majority, oval. The flowering period is 6 months, and the fruit period is 11 months. The purple fruits and yellow fruits are mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. The fruit can be eaten as raw or as vegetable and feed, the pulp is succulent, the seed can be used for extracting oil, and can be used for preparing edible soap, oil paint and the like. The flower is big and beautiful, and can be used as garden ornamental plants. Passion fruit is called as "Passion fruit" because it has the beauty of "king of fruit juice" and "money tree", and because fruit has many kinds of fruit fragrance. It is rich in essential amino acids, vitamins, carotenoid, superoxide dismutase (SOD), selenium, and trace elements. The passion fruit contains 17 amino acids, is rich in 165 substances such as protein, fat, sugar, vitamins, calcium, phosphorus, iron, potassium, SOD enzyme, super fiber and the like which are beneficial to human bodies, is called as the king of fruits, and has extremely high nutritional value and economic value. Therefore, the development of passion fruit planting production is a mass for the sustainable development of agricultural efficiency improvement, farmer income increase and the promotion of the health of people. The passion fruit is generally planted by cutting seedlings and seed seedlings, but the root and stem parts often suffer from basal rot, so that the planted plants are weak and even die. According to the situation, a yellow fruit variety resistant to the basal rot must be adopted as a stock (but the quality of the disease-resistant variety is poor generally); the purple red fruit high-quality variety is used as a scion (but the high-quality variety has poor disease resistance), and the seedling is grafted and bred, so that the purposes of disease resistance, high quality and high yield of the seedling are achieved.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the passion fruit is generally planted by cutting seedlings and seed seedlings, but the root and stem parts often suffer from basal rot, so that the planted plants are weak and even die.
In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the method for efficient cuttage and grafting breeding of the passion fruit seedlings is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the first step is as follows: the seedling is grafted and cultured in a steel frame plastic greenhouse, so that the seedling can adapt to the weather environment of Shanghai and prevent the natural disasters from influencing the loss;
the second step is that: variety selection: selecting a disease-resistant variety 'golden passion fruit' as a stock, and using purple red fruits 'Tainong No. 2 and Tainong No. 9' with high quality, high yield and poor disease resistance as scions;
the third step: and (3) carrying out cuttage seedling raising on rootstock twigs of disease-resistant varieties: cutting off new branches which germinate in spring in the current year and reach half lignification, cutting into cutting slips with 5-7 leaf nodes per root, cutting off leaves below the middle part, and cutting flat at the internodes of the base part;
fourthly, the cuttage of the stocks is carried out, namely, a cuttage substrate is laid in a seedbed, the base parts of cutting slips are dipped with rooting powder and then are straightly inserted into the substrate, the row spacing of the stocks is 3 × 3cm, clean water is poured after the cuttage, leaf surface spraying clean water is started on the 2 nd day, the number of leaves is 5 times a day in the previous week, the number of leaves is 3 times a day in the next week, the number of leaves is reduced to 2-3 times a day in the third week, the new roots generally start to grow continuously in the fourth week and can be sprayed once in the morning and evening, the new roots can not be sprayed with water when growing into a nursery, a potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution with the mass concentration of 0.3-0.5% is sprayed once 2-3d before seedlings are produced so as to promote the seedlings to be strong, and the cuttage survival rate can reach more than cut the throat 98% through careful management of.
The fifth step: stock seedling planting: firstly, applying 1000 kilograms of organic fermented fertilizer and 50 kilograms of NPK compound fertilizer to each mu of land, and then ploughing the land to make furrows, wherein each plastic greenhouse has 4 furrows; adopting deep-groove high ridges with the width of 1.3m, the width of the groove of 30cm and the depth of 40cm, planting 4 rows in each ridge and the plant spacing of 20 cm; after planting, the management is strengthened, and the robust growth is promoted.
And a sixth step: grafting: grafting when the stock seedling grows to 50cm high and the stem is 0.3-0.5cm thick; the cleft grafting method in the branch grafting is adopted, the time is 2-6 months, the callus is formed quickly, and the healing survival rate is high; cutting off the stock from a position 8cm away from the ground, flattening the section, vertically cutting the middle of the section by a cleft grafting knife with the depth of 3cm, and sheathing the stock by a plastic expansion hose; selecting 5-6cm scion with 2-3 plump buds, cutting off leaves at the middle and lower parts, and cutting the lower end into 2.5cm wedge-shaped smooth cut surface; the rootstock is pried, the scion is inserted to enable the rootstock and the scion to be tightly attached, then the plastic expansion hose at the lower end of the rootstock is moved upwards to sleeve the rootstock and the scion, and half of the whole rootstock and scion part is sealed, so that the complicated procedures of binding by a plastic belt and removing after healing are omitted; the stock and the scion can heal automatically along with the time, the plastic expansion hose can expand along with the growth thickening of the stock and the scion, and the stock and the scion can automatically expand, break and crack after being completely healed and grafted and survive, indicating that the grafted seedling is successfully bred. The cleft grafting and plastic expansion pipe combined method has the excellent effects of convenient operation, high grafting survival rate and vigorous seedling growth vigor. The final grafting survival rate reaches more than 96 percent.
Preferably, the new branch in the second step is a twig, the leaf of the twig is fully flattened and turned dark green, and the twig is soft and elastic.
Preferably, the cutting medium in the fourth step is peat and perlite in a mass ratio of 1: 1, and paving the mixture to a thickness of 8 cm;
preferably, the rooting powder in the fourth step comprises 1200ppm of naphthylacetic acid, 100ppm of indolebutyric acid, 60ppm of indoleacetic acid, 5ppm of kinetin, 1000g of talcum powder and 5g of prohexadine, the first 4 hormones are dissolved by alcohol, sprayed into the talcum powder by a sprayer and dried, and finally the prohexadine is added and fully mixed.
Preferably, 3300 plants are planted in each greenhouse in the fifth step, and the land occupation is about 240m2。
Preferably, in the sixth step, the plastic expansion hose at the lower end of the rootstock is moved upwards to sleeve the rootstock and the scion, and the whole rootstock and half of the scion are sealed, and the length is about 5cm generally.
The invention adopts the yellow fruit variety with basal rot resistance as the stock (the quality of the disease-resistant variety is poor); the purple red fruit high-quality variety is used as a scion (the high-quality variety has poor disease resistance), and the seedling is grafted and bred, so that the grafting breeding method of the disease resistance, high quality and high yield of the seedling is achieved, and the high yield and high quality are achieved.
Detailed Description
In order to make the invention more comprehensible, preferred embodiments are described in detail below.
Examples
First, material preparation
1. Plastic greenhouse
2. Raw materials: strong 1-year-old branches of a stock variety 'golden passion fruit' cutting seedlings, a scion variety purple red passion fruit 'Tainong No. 2 and Tainong No. 9'; a splitting knife, a sharp knife and a plastic expansion hose.
Second, the operation steps
The first step is as follows: the seedling raising by grafting in a steel frame plastic greenhouse can adapt to the weather environment in the Shanghai to prevent the loss caused by natural disasters such as typhoons, storm winds and the like.
The second step is that: and (4) variety selection. The disease-resistant variety 'golden passion fruit' is selected as a stock. Selecting high-quality, high-yield and poor disease-resistant purple red fruits of Tainong No. 2 and Tainong No. 9 as scions.
The third step: and (5) carrying out cuttage seedling culture on rootstock twigs of the disease-resistant variety. Cutting off new branches (i.e. tender branches, full flattening and deep green of leaves, soft and elastic branches) which germinate in spring in the current year and are half lignified into scions with the length of about 10cm, wherein each root has 5-7 leaf nodes, cutting off the leaves below the middle part, and flattening the internodes at the base part.
The fourth step is that cutting medium is prepared and stock is cut, the cutting medium is 'peat + perlite', the ratio is 1: 1, after fully mixing, the cutting medium is paved into a seedbed, the thickness is about 8cm, the basal part of the cutting slips is dipped with self-prepared rooting powder (the formula is that naphthylacetic acid 1200ppm, indolebutyric acid 100ppm, indoleacetic acid 60ppm, kinetin 5ppm, talcum powder 1000g and prophyamine 5g, the first 4 hormones are dissolved by alcohol, sprayed into talcum powder by a sprayer and dried, finally the prophyamine is added and fully mixed to obtain rooting powder), then the cutting slips are straightly inserted into the medium, the row spacing is 3 × cm, after the cutting, leaf surface clean water is poured, clean water is sprayed on the 2 nd day, 5 times per day of the first week, 3 times per day of the second week, 2-3 times per day of the third week, the general new roots start to continuously grow when the fourth week, water is sprayed once every day, about 30d, so that the new roots can not reach 2-3d before nursery, 0.84-3 d, the survival rate of the seedlings can be promoted, the seedlings can be planted, and the survival rate can be more than 98.84% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
The fifth step: and (5) planting stock seedlings. 1000 kilograms of organic fermented fertilizer and 50 kilograms of NPK compound fertilizer are applied to each mu, and then the land is ploughed to make furrows, 4 furrows are formed in each plastic greenhouse. Adopting deep furrow with height of 1.3m, width of furrow of 30cm, depth of 40cm, planting 4 rows in each furrow, plant spacing of 20cm, planting 3300 plants (240 m) in each greenhouse2) Left and right. After planting, the management is strengthened, and the robust growth is promoted.
And a sixth step: and (6) grafting. Grafting when the stock seedling grows to 50cm high and the stem is 0.3-0.5cm thick. By adopting the cleft grafting method in the branch grafting, the time is 2-6 months, the callus is formed quickly, and the healing survival rate is high. Cutting off the stock from a position 8cm away from the ground, flattening the section, vertically cutting the middle of the section by a cleft grafting knife with the depth of 3cm, and sheathing the stock by a plastic expansion hose; selecting 5-6cm scion with 2-3 plump buds, cutting off leaves at middle and lower parts, and cutting the lower end into 2.5cm wedge-shaped smooth surface. The stock is pried by a knife and the scion is inserted to enable the stock and the scion to be tightly attached, then the plastic expansion hose at the lower end of the stock is moved upwards to sleeve the stock and the scion (about 5cm in length), and about half of the whole stock and scion part is sealed, so that the troublesome procedures of binding by a plastic tape and removing after healing are omitted. The stock and the scion can heal automatically along with the time, the plastic expansion hose can expand along with the growth thickening of the stock and the scion, and the stock and the scion can automatically expand, break and crack after being completely healed and grafted and survive, indicating that the grafted seedling is successfully bred. The cleft grafting and plastic expansion pipe combined method has the excellent effects of convenient operation, high grafting survival rate and vigorous seedling growth vigor. The final grafting survival rate reaches more than 96 percent.
Third, test results
The research results prove that the method has the excellent effects of convenient operation, quick callus formation, good healing, high grafting survival rate and vigorous seedling growth vigor. Compared with the traditional cuttage and grafting method, 50% of labor is saved, the survival rate is improved by 1-2, a large amount of high-quality seedlings can be provided for the expanded production of the passion fruit, the seedlings are strong in disease resistance after being planted, vigorous in growth, early in flowering and fruiting, and excellent in fruit quality.
Claims (6)
1. A method for efficient cuttage and grafting breeding of passion fruit seedlings is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the first step is as follows: the seedling is grafted and cultured in a steel frame plastic greenhouse, so that the seedling can adapt to the weather environment of Shanghai and prevent the natural disasters from influencing the loss;
the second step is that: variety selection: selecting a disease-resistant variety 'golden passion fruit' as a stock, and purple red fruits 'Tainong No. 2 and Tainong No. 9' as scions;
the third step: and (3) carrying out cuttage seedling raising on rootstock twigs of disease-resistant varieties: cutting off new branches which germinate in spring in the current year and reach half lignification, cutting the new branches into scions, wherein each root has 5-7 leaf nodes, cutting off leaves below the middle part, and cutting flat the internodes of the base part;
fourthly, the cuttage of the stocks is carried out, namely, a cuttage substrate is laid in a seedbed, the base parts of the cuttings are dipped with rooting powder and then are straightly inserted into the substrate, the row spacing of the cuttings is 3 × 3cm, and clean water is poured after the cuttage, clear water is sprayed to the leaf surfaces on the 2 nd day, 5 times are carried out every day in the previous week, 3 times are carried out every day in the next week, 2-3 times are reduced to each day in the third week, the new roots generally start to grow continuously in the fourth week and can be sprayed once in the morning and evening every day, the new roots can grow into a nursery without spraying water, and a potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution with the mass concentration of 0.3-0.5% is sprayed once 2-3d before the seedlings are produced so as to promote the seedlings to be strong;
the fifth step: stock seedling planting: firstly, applying 1000 kilograms of organic fermented fertilizer and 50 kilograms of NPK compound fertilizer to each mu of land, and then ploughing the land to make furrows, wherein each plastic greenhouse has 4 furrows; adopting deep-groove high ridges with the width of 1.3m, the width of the groove of 30cm and the depth of 40cm, planting 4 rows in each ridge and the plant spacing of 20 cm;
and a sixth step: grafting: grafting when the stock seedling grows to 50cm high and the stem is 0.3-0.5cm thick; the cleft grafting method in the branch grafting is adopted, the time is 2-6 months, the callus is formed quickly, and the healing survival rate is high; cutting off the stock from a position 8cm away from the ground, flattening the section, vertically cutting the middle of the section by a cleft grafting knife with the depth of 3cm, and sheathing the stock by a plastic expansion hose; selecting 5-6cm scion with 2-3 plump buds, cutting off leaves at the middle and lower parts, and cutting the lower end into 2.5cm wedge-shaped smooth cut surface; prying the stock, inserting the scion to enable the stock and the scion to be tightly attached, then moving a plastic expansion hose at the lower end of the stock upwards to sleeve the stock and the scion, and sealing one half of the whole stock and scion; the stock and the scion can heal automatically along with the time, the plastic expansion hose can expand along with the growth thickening of the stock and the scion, and the stock and the scion can automatically expand, break and crack after being completely healed and grafted and survive, indicating that the grafted seedling is successfully bred.
2. The method for efficiently cutting and grafting the passion fruit seedlings according to claim 1, is characterized in that the new branch in the second step is a tender branch, the leaves of the tender branch are flat and deep green, and the tender branch is soft and elastic.
3. The method for efficient cuttage and grafting breeding of passion fruit seedlings according to claim 1, is characterized in that a cuttage substrate in the fourth step is peat and perlite according to a mass ratio of 1: 1, and the paving thickness is 8 cm.
4. The method for efficient cuttage and grafting breeding of passion fruit seedlings according to claim 1, is characterized in that rooting powder in the fourth step comprises 1200ppm of naphthylacetic acid, 100ppm of indolebutyric acid, 60ppm of indoleacetic acid, 5ppm of kinetin, 1000g of talcum powder and 5g of prohexadine, the first 4 hormones are dissolved in alcohol, sprayed into the talcum powder by a sprayer and dried, and finally the prohexadine is added and fully mixed.
Preferably, in the sixth step, the plastic expansion hose at the lower end of the rootstock is moved upwards to sleeve the rootstock and the scion, and the whole rootstock and half of the scion are sealed, and the length is about 5cm generally.
5. The method for efficiently cutting and grafting passion fruit seedlings according to claim 1, is characterized in that 3300 seedlings are planted in each greenhouse in the fifth step.
6. The method for efficient cuttage and grafting breeding of the passion fruit seedlings according to claim 1 is characterized in that in the sixth step, a plastic expansion hose at the lower end of a rootstock is moved upwards to sleeve the rootstock and the scion, and the whole rootstock and half of the scion are sealed.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112544366A (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2021-03-26 | 中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园 | Cultivation method of passion fruit seedlings |
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| CN112544366B (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2021-08-13 | 中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园 | Cultivation method of passion fruit seedlings |
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