CN114223452B - Jackfruit potting method - Google Patents
Jackfruit potting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114223452B CN114223452B CN202111414227.7A CN202111414227A CN114223452B CN 114223452 B CN114223452 B CN 114223452B CN 202111414227 A CN202111414227 A CN 202111414227A CN 114223452 B CN114223452 B CN 114223452B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M1/00—Stationary means for catching or killing insects
- A01M1/02—Stationary means for catching or killing insects with devices or substances, e.g. food, pheronones attracting the insects
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M1/00—Stationary means for catching or killing insects
- A01M1/02—Stationary means for catching or killing insects with devices or substances, e.g. food, pheronones attracting the insects
- A01M1/04—Attracting insects by using illumination or colours
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M1/00—Stationary means for catching or killing insects
- A01M1/10—Catching insects by using Traps
- A01M1/106—Catching insects by using Traps for flying insects
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M2200/00—Kind of animal
- A01M2200/01—Insects
- A01M2200/012—Flying insects
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Abstract
The invention relates to a jackfruit potting method, which comprises the steps of variety selection, matrix preparation, pot planting and cultivation management, wherein the cultivation management comprises moisture management, fertilizer management, insect pest management and disease management, the insect pest management comprises prevention and control management of yellow wing wild borers, and the specific prevention and control management method of Huang Chijuan wild borers comprises the following steps: (1) Spraying Gao Xiaofu cypermethrin liquid medicine before the hatching full period of the Huang Chijuan wild borer eggs reaches the damage of larva boring; (2) For Huang Chijuan wild borers, a food source attractant is adopted for trapping and killing the wild borers, and the food source attractant is prepared from jackfruit essence, brown sugar, white vinegar, 75% alcohol and water according to the mass ratio of 0.4-0.6:10:20:10:80. The invention provides a potted planting method which is economical and practical, is simple to operate and is suitable for jackfruit, and the ornamental value and the application value of jackfruit potted plants can be greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a potting method of fruit trees, in particular to a potting method of jackfruit, and belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation.
Background
Jackfruit is a tropical subtropical fruit tree of the genus Sang Kemu pineapple, enjoying the American names of "tropical fruit queen" and "tooth fragrance". Jackfruit introduced and cultivated in China has been one thousand years old, and is planted in tropical and southern subtropical areas in China. Jackfruit has sweet taste and rich fragrance, contains rich sugar, protein and the like, has high nutritive value and is deeply favored by masses.
In recent years, a plurality of excellent jackfruit varieties are introduced from abroad in China, and the jackfruit has different types of varieties such as large, medium and small fruits, high yield, low cold resistance, four seasons and the like, is sweet, crisp and refreshing in taste, and is favored by masses of citizens. The jackfruit is not cold-resistant, most areas are not suitable for field planting, and jackfruit is potted, so that the ornamental value of jackfruit can be improved, the jackfruit can be planted in a greenhouse in winter, and the planting range of jackfruit can be enlarged. As jackfruit is a tropical subtropical arbor, the technology of dwarfing cultivation, adjustment of the growing period, flower and fruit control and the like is mastered, and the ornamental value and the application value of jackfruit potted plants are greatly improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a potted planting method which is economical and practical, is simple to operate and is suitable for jackfruit.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the jackfruit potting method comprises the steps of variety selection, matrix preparation, pot planting and cultivation management, wherein the cultivation management comprises moisture management, fertilizer management, insect pest management and disease management, the insect pest management comprises prevention and control management of diaphorina citri, and the specific method for prevention and control management of Huang Chijuan diaphorina citri comprises the following steps: (1) Spraying Gao Xiaofu cypermethrin liquid medicine before the hatching full period of the Huang Chijuan wild borer eggs reaches the damage of larva boring; (2) For Huang Chijuan wild borers, a food source attractant is adopted for trapping and killing the wild borers, and the food source attractant is prepared from jackfruit essence, brown sugar, white vinegar, 75% alcohol and water according to the mass ratio of 0.4-0.6:10:20:10:80.
Further preferably, the use concentration of the high-efficiency cyhalothrin liquid medicine is 2000-2500 times of the use concentration of the 2.5% high-efficiency cyhalothrin diluted liquid.
Further preferably, the variety selection step specifically includes: selecting the variety of jackfruit with medium and small fruits, including Taimi No. 8, frequent or Haidao No. 1.
Further preferably, the substrate formulation step specifically comprises: uniformly mixing 4-8 parts of garden soil or pond sludge, 3-6 parts of decomposed organic fertilizer and 1-2 parts of turf to prepare a matrix.
Further preferably, the decomposed organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing and retting 40% of cassava residues or bagasse, 45% of sheep manure or chicken manure, 10% of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 5% of urea until the fertilizer is thoroughly decomposed.
Further preferably, the planting step of the upper pot adopts a root control container for planting, and root setting water is poured after the planting, wherein the root setting water is an indolebutyric acid water solution with the concentration of 20-40 mg/L.
Further preferably, the fertilizer management includes applying a tip strengthening and rejuvenating fertilizer, a flower and fruit promoting fertilizer and an anti-cracking fertilizer;
the application method of the tip strengthening and rejuvenating fertilizer comprises the steps of applying 20-40g of humic acid type compound fertilizer with total nutrient content of more than or equal to 54% and N: P: K=18:18:18 to each pot before and after the spring tips are extracted in the last 3 months and 9 months each year;
the application method of the flower and fruit promoting fertilizer comprises the steps of spraying 1000-500 times of DuGao liquid boron fertilizer every 10-15 days before flowering in the next 2 months of the year, and spraying 1-2 times in total; after the inflorescence is extracted, spraying 800-1000 times of Du high potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer and 1500-2000 times of Du high liquid boron fertilizer once every 15-20 days until the physiological fruit dropping period; after physiological fruit dropping, spraying the easy-to-recover high-potassium macroelement water-soluble fertilizer for 1-2 times every 15-20 days, and diluting the fertilizer by 400-500 times every pot with 20-30g each time; spraying 800-1000 times of Du high potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer once every 15-20 days;
the application method of the anti-cracking fertilizer is that 800-1000 times of high-strength calcium-magnesium fertilizer is sprayed every 15-20 days after the transverse diameter of fruits is more than or equal to 8 cm in the fruit expanding period.
Further preferably, the disease management includes prevention and control of soft rot, fruit rot and anthracnose of flowers and fruits, specifically: the 25% prochloraz is used for diluting 800-1000 times liquid or 47% Chunlei copper wettable powder is used for diluting 500-800 times liquid for spraying inflorescence, fruits and leaves in the flowering stage and the young fruit stage.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the container used for the pot culture is a root control container, has strong air and water permeability, is not easy to cause water accumulation, can reduce the occurrence of root rot, can limit the growth of main roots, and can not form winding roots; the lateral roots are promoted, the quantity of the lateral roots is increased, the lateral roots are promoted to be short and thick, the plant growth is promoted to be vigorous, the method has obvious advantages for large seedling cultivation and transplanting and seasonal transplanting, and the Gao Penzai survival rate can be improved;
2. the selected variety is a variety subjected to breeding, the fruits are positive and graceful, and the fruit quality is high; especially, the Taimi No. 8 has high early fruiting and high yield, can bloom and fruit all the year round under the condition of proper temperature, and can adjust the fruit period and prolong the fruit viewing time by trimming inflorescences in batches;
3. the sprayed high-strength calcium-magnesium fertilizer is a high-concentration suspension chelating agent, and can strengthen roots, fruits, prevent cracking and yellow leaves and improve fruit quality;
4. the adopted pest control method has the advantages of little pollution and high efficiency.
5. The invention is economical and practical, has simple operation and is easy to popularize.
Detailed Description
1. Jackfruit Huang Chijuan wild borer pest control test
105 seedlings of jackfruit No. 8 and 2 years old are selected and divided into 7 test areas, and 15 seedlings of each test area are respectively controlled and prevented by Huang Chijuan wild borers according to the method of the following examples 1-7.
Example 1:
the method comprises the steps of (1) preventing and controlling yellow wing wild borer, and spraying 2.5% of high-efficiency cyhalothrin 2000 times liquid from 5-10 months Huang Chijuan wild borer eggs hatching full period to the period before larva boring damage; the adult insects are trapped and killed by adopting a food source attractant which is prepared from jackfruit essence, brown sugar, white vinegar, 75% alcohol and water according to the mass ratio of 0.4:10:20:10:80, a yellow trap is hung at the height of 1.2-1.5m of jackfruit trunk, 120ml of the food source attractant is arranged in 1 trap, the food source attractant can be replaced once in 20 days under the condition that the number of nymphs in the trap is small, and the food source attractant and the insect body can be cleaned in time when the number of the attracted insects is large.
Example 2
The method comprises the steps of (1) preventing and controlling yellow wing wild borer, and spraying 2.5% of high-efficiency cyhalothrin 2000 times liquid from 5-10 months Huang Chijuan wild borer eggs hatching full period to the period before larva boring damage; the adult insects are trapped and killed by adopting a food source attractant which is prepared from jackfruit essence, brown sugar, white vinegar, 75% alcohol and water according to the mass ratio of 0.5:10:20:10:80, a yellow trap is hung at the height of 1.2-1.5m of jackfruit trunk, 120ml of the food source attractant is arranged in 1 trap, the food source attractant can be replaced once in 20 days under the condition that the number of nymphs in the trap is small, and the food source attractant and the insect body can be cleaned in time when the number of the attracted insects is large.
Example 3
The method comprises the steps of (1) preventing and controlling yellow wing wild borer, and spraying 2.5% high-efficiency cyhalothrin 2500 times liquid from 5-10 months Huang Chijuan wild borer eggs hatching full period to the period before larva boring damage; the adult insects are trapped and killed by adopting a food source attractant which is prepared from jackfruit essence, brown sugar, white vinegar, 75% alcohol and water according to the mass ratio of 0.6:10:20:10:80, a yellow trap is hung at the height of 1.2-1.5m of jackfruit trunk, 120ml of the food source attractant is arranged in 1 trap, the food source attractant can be replaced once in 20 days under the condition that the number of nymphs in the trap is small, and the food source attractant and the insect body can be cleaned in time when the number of the attracted insects is large.
Example 4
The method comprises the steps of (1) preventing and controlling yellow wing wild borer, and spraying 2.5% of high-efficiency cyhalothrin 2000 times liquid from 5-10 months Huang Chijuan wild borer eggs hatching full period to the period before larva boring damage; the adult insects are trapped and killed by adopting a food source attractant which is prepared from jackfruit essence, brown sugar, white vinegar, 75% alcohol and water according to the mass ratio of 0.3:10:20:10:80, a yellow trap is hung at the height of 1.2-1.5m of jackfruit trunk, 120ml of the food source attractant is arranged in 1 trap, the food source attractant can be replaced once in 20 days under the condition that the number of nymphs in the trap is small, and the food source attractant and the insect body can be cleaned in time when the number of the attracted insects is large.
Example 5
The method comprises the steps of (1) preventing and controlling yellow wing wild borer, and spraying 2.5% of high-efficiency cyhalothrin 2000 times liquid from 5-10 months Huang Chijuan wild borer eggs hatching full period to the period before larva boring damage; the adult insects are trapped and killed by adopting a food source attractant which is prepared from brown sugar, white vinegar, 75% alcohol and water according to the mass ratio of 10:20:10:80, a yellow trap is hung at the height of 1.2-1.5m of the trunk of jackfruit tree, 120ml of the food source attractant is arranged in one trap, the food source attractant can be replaced once in 20 days under the condition that the number of nymphs in the trap is small, and the food source attractant and the insect body can be cleaned in time if the number of the attracted insects is large.
Example 6
The method comprises the steps of (1) preventing and controlling yellow wing wild borer, and spraying 2.5% of high-efficiency cyhalothrin 2000 times liquid from 5-10 months Huang Chijuan wild borer eggs hatching full period to the period before larva boring damage; the adults do not take any control measures.
Example 7
No control measures of yellow wing silk wild borer are used.
The control effect of each example on Huang Chijuan wild borers is shown in the following table:
| group of examples | Control rate |
| Example 1 | 94％ |
| Example 2 | 97％ |
| Example 3 | 93％ |
| Example 4 | 75％ |
| Example 5 | 67％ |
| Example 6 | 61％ |
| Example 7 | 0 |
From the test results of the table, the control of the yellow wing wild borer is known, 2.5% of high-efficiency cyfluthrin 2000-2500 times of liquid is sprayed from the hatching period of the yellow wing wild borer eggs to the period before the damage of larvae from boring, the adults are trapped and killed by adopting a food source attractant which is prepared from jackfruit essence, brown sugar, white vinegar, 75% of alcohol and water according to the mass ratio of 0.4-0.6:10:20:10:80, and the control effect is good.
2. Example of pot planting method of jackfruit (weight ratio of the percentage content and the parts of the example)
Example 1:
(1) Variety selection: jackfruit No. 1 Haidao.
(2) And (3) nursery stock selection: 1 year old, strong and free from plant diseases and insect pests, the stem thickness is more than or equal to 1.2 cm, the grafting opening height is more than or equal to 10 cm and less than or equal to 20 cm.
(3) Pretreatment: and trimming the selected seedlings, namely trimming dense branches, overgrown branches, crossed branches and pest branches.
(4) Preparing a matrix: the matrix is prepared by uniformly mixing 4 parts of garden soil, 3 parts of decomposed organic fertilizer and 1 part of turf. The decomposed organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing and retting 40% of cassava residues, 45% of sheep manure, 10% of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 5% of urea until the fertilizer is thoroughly decomposed.
(5) Planting in a basin: and transferring the treated seedlings into a root control container with the height of 60 cm and the diameter of 40 cm in 3 months in 2018, backfilling the matrix, compacting, and pouring foot fixing water. Root fixing water is used for root irrigation by using a 30mg/L aqueous solution of indolebutyric acid.
(6) Cultivation management
Shading: and before the pot is pulled twice, a 75% shading net is adopted to shade the pot, wherein shading is mainly that the root of the pot seedling does not grow well or is not suitable for the pot environment, so as to reduce burn, wither and even death caused by water transpiration and high-temperature insolation.
And (3) water management: the water is sprayed once a day in the first month of basin loading, so that the water content of the matrix is not lower than 70 percent, and no water is accumulated. In the growing period of fruits, water is sprayed once in 3 days generally, and water cannot be sprayed after long-term drought, otherwise fruit cracking is easy to occur.
And (3) fertilizer management:
tip strengthening (rejuvenation) fertilizer: 20g of humic acid compound fertilizer with total nutrient content of more than or equal to 54% and N: P: K=18:18:18 is applied to each ditch before and after the spring tips are extracted in the last 3 months and 9 months of each year.
Flower and fruit promoting fertilizer: before flowering in the late 2 months, spraying liquid boron fertilizer at a height of 1500 times per 10 days for 2 times. After the inflorescence is drawn, 800 times of Du high potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer and 1500 times of Du high liquid boron fertilizer are sprayed every 15 days until the physiological fruit dropping period. After physiological fruit drop, the high potassium type macroelement water-soluble fertilizer (11.5-5-43.5+TE) is easily recovered for 1 time every 15 days, and the dosage of each pot is 30g, and the fertilizer is diluted 400 times for flushing. The 800 times Du high potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer is sprayed once every 15 days.
Anti-cracking: in the fruit expanding period, 800 times of high-strength calcium-magnesium fertilizer is sprayed every 15 days after the transverse diameter of the fruit is more than or equal to 8 cm.
And (3) shaping and pruning: shaping the potted plant into a happy type in time: when the potted plant is shaped, the 50 cm position of the trunk is topped or cut, 3 main branches which are uniformly distributed are selected and reserved, if the branches are too vertical, the branches are pulled, the main branches are topped or cut again until the length of the main branches is about 20 cm, the meristematic progression is controlled to be 4-5, and the vertical branches, the too dense branches, the cross branches and the drooping branches are trimmed.
Dwarfing: after the pot is taken by the pot, 30mg/L of uniconazole is sprayed on the pot for 1 time in each month, the leaf is wet and not dropped, the internode distance is shortened, the growth of branches is inhibited, and the pot is dwarfed with the pineapple.
Pest control: the insect pest is mainly controlled by yellow wing wild borer, 2.5% of high-efficiency cyhalothrin 2000-fold liquid is sprayed from the hatching period of 5-10 months Huang Chijuan wild borer eggs to the period before the larva is damaged by boring, the adult is trapped and killed by adopting a food source attractant, and the food source attractant is prepared from jackfruit essence, brown sugar, white vinegar, 75% alcohol and water according to the mass ratio of 0.5:10:20:10:80.
Disease control: the disease is mainly used for preventing and controlling soft rot of flowers and fruits, fruit rot and anthracnose, and 25% prochloraz 800 times liquid is regularly sprayed to spray inflorescences, fruits, leaves and the like in a flowering period and a young fruit period.
Thinning fruits: as jackfruit is a large fruit, the number of the potted fruits cannot be excessive, and the number of the fruits is reserved according to varieties, tree vigor and tree ages. Leaving 2 fruits at three years old and 3 fruits at four years old; each main branch is reserved respectively, and the fruits are not required to be reserved on one main branch; after physiological fruit dropping, pruning small fruits with poor pollination and improper fruits, keeping fruits which are not on the same main branch as much as possible, and thinning out too dense small fruits; in order to ensure the ornamental value of potted plants, fruits pollinated in different batches are selected and reserved, and the fruit viewing time is prolonged.
Cold-proof: the sea No. 1 has stronger cold resistance, and the temperature in the southern Guangxi coastal area is lower than 8 ℃ and can be covered by a film for heat preservation; spraying 10000 times of Bifu (gibberellic acid, indoleacetic acid, brassinolide growth regulator) 3 times every 10 days at a temperature lower than 10deg.C.
Example 2:
(1) Variety selection: jackfruit No. 1 Haidao.
(2) And (3) nursery stock selection: 2-year-old grafted seedlings are strong, have no plant diseases and insect pests, have a stem thickness of more than or equal to 1.2 cm, have a grafting opening height of more than or equal to 10 cm and are less than or equal to 20 cm.
(3) Pretreatment: pruning the selected seedlings, controlling the overall height to be less than or equal to 1.2 meters, topping or cutting the trunk, and pruning dense branches, overgrown branches, cross branches and pest branches.
(4) Preparing a matrix: the matrix is prepared by uniformly mixing 4 parts of garden soil, 3 parts of decomposed organic fertilizer and 1 part of turf. The decomposed organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing and retting bagasse with 40 percent, 45 percent chicken manure, 10 percent calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 5 percent urea until the bagasse and the chicken manure are thoroughly decomposed.
(5) Planting in a basin: and transferring the treated seedlings into a root control container with the height of 60 cm and the diameter of 40 cm in 3 months in 2018, backfilling the matrix, compacting, and pouring foot fixing water. Root fixing water is used for root irrigation by using 40mg/L indolebutyric acid aqueous solution.
(6) Cultivation management
Shading: and before the pot is pulled twice, a 75% shading net is adopted to shade the pot, wherein shading is mainly that the root of the pot seedling does not grow well or is not suitable for the pot environment, so as to reduce burn, wither and even death caused by water transpiration and high-temperature insolation.
And (3) water management: the water is sprayed once a day in the first month of basin loading, so that the water content of the matrix is not lower than 70 percent, and no water is accumulated. In the growing period of fruits, water is sprayed once in 3 days generally, and water cannot be sprayed after long-term drought, otherwise fruit cracking is easy to occur.
And (3) fertilizer management:
tip strengthening (rejuvenation) fertilizer: 30g of humic acid compound fertilizer with total nutrient content of more than or equal to 54% and N: P: K=18:18:18 is applied to each ditch before and after the spring tips are extracted in the last 3 months and 9 months of each year.
Flower and fruit promoting fertilizer: before flowering in the late 2 months, spraying liquid boron fertilizer at a height of 1500 times per 10 days for 2 times. After the inflorescence is drawn, 800 times of Du high potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer and 1500 times of Du high liquid boron fertilizer are sprayed every 15 days until the physiological fruit dropping period. After physiological fruit drop, the high potassium type macroelement water-soluble fertilizer (11.5-5-43.5+TE) is easily recovered for 1 time every 15 days, and the dosage of each pot is 30g, and the fertilizer is diluted 400 times for flushing. The 800 times Du high potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer is sprayed once every 15 days.
Anti-cracking: in the fruit expanding period, 800 times of high-strength calcium-magnesium fertilizer is sprayed every 15 days after the transverse diameter of the fruit is more than or equal to 8 cm.
And (3) shaping and pruning: shaping the potted plant into a trunk double-layer type in time: when the potted plant is shaped, 2 main branches are symmetrically distributed at the 50 cm position of the main trunk in the first layer, and the included angle between the main branches and the main trunk is 60-80 degrees; the second layer is topped or truncated at the 100 cm position of the trunk, and 3 main branches which are uniformly distributed are selected and reserved. If the branches are too upright, the branches are pulled, the main branches are about 20 cm long, topping or chopping is carried out again, and the meristematic progression is controlled to be 4-5. Pruning upright branches, over-dense branches, cross branches and drooping branches.
Dwarfing: after the pot is taken by the pot, 30mg/L of uniconazole is sprayed on the pot for 1 time in each month, the leaf is wet and not dropped, the internode distance is shortened, the growth of branches is inhibited, and the pot is dwarfed with the pineapple.
Pest control: the insect pest is mainly controlled by yellow wing wild borer, 2.5% of high-efficiency cyhalothrin 2000-fold liquid is sprayed from the hatching period of 5-10 months Huang Chijuan wild borer eggs to the period before the larva is damaged by boring, the adult is trapped and killed by adopting a food source attractant, and the food source attractant is prepared from jackfruit essence, brown sugar, white vinegar, 75% alcohol and water according to the mass ratio of 0.5:10:20:10:80.
Disease control: the plant diseases are mainly used for preventing and controlling soft rot, fruit rot and anthracnose of flowers and fruits, and the inflorescence, fruits, leaves and the like are sprayed by using the 47% spring copper wettable powder 500 times of liquid at regular intervals in a flowering period and a young fruit period.
Thinning fruits: as jackfruit is a large fruit, the number of the potted fruits cannot be excessive, and the number of the fruits is reserved according to varieties, tree vigor and tree ages. Leaving 2 fruits at three years old and 3 fruits at four years old; each main branch is reserved respectively, and the fruits are not required to be reserved on one main branch; after physiological fruit dropping, pruning small fruits with poor pollination and improper fruits, keeping fruits which are not on the same main branch as much as possible, and thinning out too dense small fruits; in order to ensure the ornamental value of potted plants, fruits pollinated in different batches are selected and reserved, and the fruit viewing time is prolonged.
Cold-proof: the sea No. 1 has stronger cold resistance, and the temperature in the southern Guangxi coastal area is lower than 8 ℃ and can be covered by a film for heat preservation; spraying 10000 times of Bifu (gibberellic acid, indoleacetic acid, brassinolide growth regulator) 3 times every 10 days at a temperature lower than 10deg.C.
Example 3:
(1) Variety selection: jackfruit No. 8 of Taimi.
(2) And (3) nursery stock selection: 1 year old, strong and free from plant diseases and insect pests, the stem thickness is more than or equal to 1.2 cm, the grafting opening height is more than or equal to 10 cm and less than or equal to 20 cm.
(3) Pretreatment: and trimming the selected seedlings, namely trimming dense branches, overgrown branches, crossed branches and pest branches.
(4) Preparing a matrix: the matrix is prepared by uniformly mixing 4 parts of garden soil, 3 parts of decomposed organic fertilizer and 1 part of turf. The decomposed organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing and retting 40% of cassava residues, 45% of sheep manure, 10% of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 5% of urea until the fertilizer is thoroughly decomposed.
(5) Planting in a basin: and transferring the treated seedlings into a root control container with the height of 60 cm and the diameter of 40 cm in 3 months in 2018, backfilling the matrix, compacting, and pouring foot fixing water. Root fixing water is used for root irrigation by using a 30mg/L aqueous solution of indolebutyric acid.
(6) Cultivation management
Shading: and before the pot is pulled twice, a 75% shading net is adopted to shade the pot, wherein shading is mainly that the root of the pot seedling does not grow well or is not suitable for the pot environment, so as to reduce burn, wither and even death caused by water transpiration and high-temperature insolation.
And (3) water management: the water is sprayed once a day in the first month of basin loading, so that the water content of the matrix is not lower than 70 percent, and no water is accumulated. In the growing period of fruits, water is sprayed once in 3 days generally, and water cannot be sprayed after long-term drought, otherwise fruit cracking is easy to occur.
And (3) fertilizer management:
tip strengthening (rejuvenation) fertilizer: 20g of humic acid compound fertilizer with total nutrient content of more than or equal to 54% and N: P: K=18:18:18 is applied to each ditch before and after the spring tips are extracted in the last 3 months and 9 months of each year.
Flower and fruit promoting fertilizer: before flowering in the late 2 months, spraying liquid boron fertilizer at a height of 1500 times per 10 days for 2 times. After the inflorescence is drawn, 800 times of Du high potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer and 1500 times of Du high liquid boron fertilizer are sprayed every 15 days until the physiological fruit dropping period. After physiological fruit drop, the high potassium type macroelement water-soluble fertilizer (11.5-5-43.5+TE) is easily recovered for 1 time every 15 days, and the dosage of each pot is 30g, and the fertilizer is diluted 400 times for flushing. The 800 times Du high potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer is sprayed once every 15 days.
Anti-cracking: in the fruit expanding period, 800 times of high-strength calcium-magnesium fertilizer is sprayed every 15 days after the transverse diameter of the fruit is more than or equal to 8 cm.
And (3) shaping and pruning: shaping the potted plant into a happy type in time: when the potted plant is shaped, the 50 cm position of the trunk is topped or cut, 3 main branches which are uniformly distributed are selected and reserved, if the branches are too vertical, the branches are pulled, the main branches are topped or cut again until the length of the main branches is about 20 cm, the meristematic progression is controlled to be 4-5, and the vertical branches, the too dense branches, the cross branches and the drooping branches are trimmed.
Dwarfing: after the pot is taken by the pot, 30mg/L of uniconazole is sprayed on the pot for 1 time in each month, the leaf is wet and not dropped, the internode distance is shortened, the growth of branches is inhibited, and the pot is dwarfed with the pineapple.
Pest control: the insect pest is mainly controlled by yellow wing wild borer, 2.5% of high-efficiency cyhalothrin 2000-fold liquid is sprayed from the hatching period of 5-10 months Huang Chijuan wild borer eggs to the period before the larva is damaged by boring, the adult is trapped and killed by adopting a food source attractant, and the food source attractant is prepared from jackfruit essence, brown sugar, white vinegar, 75% alcohol and water according to the mass ratio of 0.6:10:20:10:80.
Disease control: the disease is mainly used for preventing and controlling soft rot of flowers and fruits, fruit rot and anthracnose, and 25% prochloraz 800 times liquid is regularly sprayed to spray inflorescences, fruits, leaves and the like in a flowering period and a young fruit period.
Thinning fruits: as jackfruit is a large fruit, the number of the potted fruits cannot be excessive, and the number of the fruits is reserved according to varieties, tree vigor and tree ages. The Taimi No. 8 is generally used for starting flowers at the second age, wherein 1 fruit is reserved at the second age, 2 fruits are reserved at the third age, and 3 fruits are reserved at the fourth age; each main branch is reserved respectively, and the fruits are not required to be reserved on one main branch; after physiological fruit dropping, pruning small fruits with poor pollination and improper fruits, keeping fruits which are not on the same main branch as much as possible, and thinning out too dense small fruits; in order to ensure the ornamental value of potted plants, inflorescences can be selected and reserved in batches of 3 months, 6 months and 9 months, fruits pollinated in different batches are selected and reserved, the fruit period is regulated, and the fruit tree hanging time is prolonged.
Cold-proof: the Taimi No. 8 has weaker cold resistance, and the potted plant can be moved into the greenhouse in the middle and late 12 months to 2 months in the coastal area in the south of Guangxi; without a greenhouse, the temperature is lower than 8 ℃ and can be covered by a film for heat preservation; spraying 10000 times of Bifu (gibberellic acid, indoleacetic acid, brassinolide growth regulator) 3 times every 10 days at a temperature lower than 10deg.C.
Example 4:
(1) Variety selection: jackfruit No. 8 of Taimi.
(2) And (3) nursery stock selection: 2-year-old grafted seedlings are strong, have no plant diseases and insect pests, have a stem thickness of more than or equal to 1.2 cm, have a grafting opening height of more than or equal to 10 cm and are less than or equal to 20 cm.
(3) Pretreatment: pruning the selected seedlings, controlling the overall height to be less than or equal to 1.2 meters, topping or cutting the trunk, and pruning dense branches, overgrown branches, cross branches and pest branches.
(4) Preparing a matrix: the matrix is prepared by uniformly mixing 4 parts of garden soil, 3 parts of decomposed organic fertilizer and 1 part of turf. The decomposed organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing and retting bagasse with 40 percent, 45 percent chicken manure, 10 percent calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 5 percent urea until the bagasse and the chicken manure are thoroughly decomposed.
(5) Planting in a basin: and transferring the treated seedlings into a root control container with the height of 60 cm and the diameter of 40 cm in 3 months in 2018, backfilling the matrix, compacting, and pouring foot fixing water. Root fixing water is used for root irrigation by using 40mg/L indolebutyric acid aqueous solution.
(6) Cultivation management
Shading: and before the pot is pulled twice, a 75% shading net is adopted to shade the pot, wherein shading is mainly that the root of the pot seedling does not grow well or is not suitable for the pot environment, so as to reduce burn, wither and even death caused by water transpiration and high-temperature insolation.
And (3) water management: the water is sprayed once a day in the first month of basin loading, so that the water content of the matrix is not lower than 70 percent, and no water is accumulated. In the growing period of fruits, water is sprayed once in 3 days generally, and water cannot be sprayed after long-term drought, otherwise fruit cracking is easy to occur.
And (3) fertilizer management:
tip strengthening (rejuvenation) fertilizer: 30g of humic acid compound fertilizer with total nutrient content of more than or equal to 54% and N: P: K=18:18:18 is applied to each ditch before and after the spring tips are extracted in the last 3 months and 9 months of each year.
Flower and fruit promoting fertilizer: before flowering in the late 2 months, spraying liquid boron fertilizer at a height of 1500 times per 10 days for 2 times. After the inflorescence is drawn, 800 times of Du high potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer and 1500 times of Du high liquid boron fertilizer are sprayed every 15 days until the physiological fruit dropping period. After physiological fruit drop, the high potassium type macroelement water-soluble fertilizer (11.5-5-43.5+TE) is easily recovered for 1 time every 15 days, and the dosage of each pot is 30g, and the fertilizer is diluted 400 times for flushing. The 800 times Du high potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer is sprayed once every 15 days.
Anti-cracking: in the fruit expanding period, 800 times of high-strength calcium-magnesium fertilizer is sprayed every 15 days after the transverse diameter of the fruit is more than or equal to 8 cm.
And (3) shaping and pruning: shaping the potted plant into a trunk double-layer type in time: when the potted plant is shaped, 2 main branches are symmetrically distributed at the 50 cm position of the main trunk in the first layer, and the included angle between the main branches and the main trunk is 60-80 degrees; the second layer is topped or truncated at the 100 cm position of the trunk, and 3 main branches which are uniformly distributed are selected and reserved. If the branches are too upright, the branches are pulled, the main branches are about 20 cm long, topping or chopping is carried out again, and the meristematic progression is controlled to be 4-5. Pruning upright branches, over-dense branches, cross branches and drooping branches.
Dwarfing: after the pot is taken by the pot, 30mg/L of uniconazole is sprayed on the pot for 1 time in each month, the leaf is wet and not dropped, the internode distance is shortened, the growth of branches is inhibited, and the pot is dwarfed with the pineapple.
Pest control: the insect pest is mainly controlled by yellow wing wild borer, 2.5% of high-efficiency cyhalothrin 2000-fold liquid is sprayed from the hatching period of 5-10 months Huang Chijuan wild borer eggs to the period before the larva is damaged by boring, the adult is trapped and killed by adopting a food source attractant, and the food source attractant is prepared from jackfruit essence, brown sugar, white vinegar, 75% alcohol and water according to the mass ratio of 0.4:10:20:10:80.
Disease control: the plant diseases are mainly used for preventing and controlling soft rot, fruit rot and anthracnose of flowers and fruits, and the inflorescence, fruits, leaves and the like are sprayed by using the 47% spring copper wettable powder 500 times of liquid at regular intervals in a flowering period and a young fruit period.
Thinning fruits: as jackfruit is a large fruit, the number of the potted fruits cannot be excessive, and the number of the fruits is reserved according to varieties, tree vigor and tree ages. The Taimi No. 8 is generally used for starting flowers at the second age, wherein 1 fruit is reserved at the second age, 2 fruits are reserved at the third age, and 3 fruits are reserved at the fourth age; each main branch is reserved respectively, and the fruits are not required to be reserved on one main branch; after physiological fruit dropping, pruning small fruits with poor pollination and improper fruits, keeping fruits which are not on the same main branch as much as possible, and thinning out too dense small fruits; in order to ensure the ornamental value of potted plants, inflorescences can be selected and reserved in batches of 3 months, 6 months and 9 months, fruits pollinated in different batches are selected and reserved, the fruit period is regulated, and the fruit tree hanging time is prolonged.
Cold-proof: part jackfruit varieties have weaker cold resistance, and potted plants can be transplanted into greenhouse in the middle and late 12 months to 2 months in the coastal area of the south of Guangxi; without a greenhouse, the temperature is lower than 8 ℃ and can be covered by a film for heat preservation; spraying 10000 times of Bifu (gibberellic acid, indoleacetic acid, brassinolide growth regulator) 3 times every 10 days at a temperature lower than 10deg.C.
The comparison of the number of surviving plants, plant heights and fruit bearing numbers of the 4 tests is shown in the following table:
| instance sequence number | Number of upper basin | Investigation time | Number of surviving plants | Height of plant (cm) | Fruit bearing plant number |
| Example 1 | 20 | 2020 month 5 | 19 | 86 | 16 |
| Example 2 | 20 | 2020 month 5 | 19 | 123 | 18 |
| Example 3 | 20 | 2020 month 5 | 19 | 91 | 18 |
| Example 4 | 20 | 2020 month 5 | 18 | 129 | 18 |
Claims (7)
1. The jackfruit potting method comprises the steps of variety selection, matrix preparation, pot planting and cultivation management, wherein the cultivation management comprises moisture management, fertilizer management, insect pest management and disease management, and is characterized in that the insect pest management comprises prevention and control management of the wild rice borers of yellow wing, and the specific prevention and control management method of the wild rice borers of Huang Chijuan comprises the following steps: (1) Spraying Gao Xiaofu cypermethrin liquid medicine before the hatching full period of the Huang Chijuan wild borer eggs reaches the damage of larva boring; (2) For Huang Chijuan wild borers, adopting a food source attractant for trapping and killing, wherein the food source attractant is prepared from jackfruit essence, brown sugar, white vinegar, 75% alcohol and water according to the mass ratio of 0.4-0.6:10:20:10:80;
the fertilizer management comprises the application of tip-strengthening rejuvenation fertilizer, flower-promoting and fruit-strengthening fertilizer and anti-cracking fertilizer;
the application method of the tip strengthening and rejuvenating fertilizer comprises the steps of applying 20-40g of humic acid type compound fertilizer with total nutrient content of more than or equal to 54% and N: P: K=18:18:18 to each pot before and after the spring tips are extracted in the last 3 months and 9 months each year;
the application method of the flower and fruit promoting fertilizer comprises the steps of spraying 1000-500 times of DuGao liquid boron fertilizer every 10-15 days before flowering in the next 2 months of the year, and spraying 1-2 times in total; after the inflorescence is extracted, spraying 800-1000 times of Du high potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer and 1500-2000 times of Du high liquid boron fertilizer once every 15-20 days until the physiological fruit dropping period; after physiological fruit dropping, spraying the easy-to-recover high-potassium macroelement water-soluble fertilizer for 1-2 times every 15-20 days, and diluting the fertilizer by 400-500 times every pot with 20-30g each time; spraying 800-1000 times of Du high potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer once every 15-20 days;
the application method of the anti-cracking fertilizer is that 800-1000 times of high-strength calcium-magnesium fertilizer is sprayed every 15-20 days after the transverse diameter of fruits is more than or equal to 8 cm in the fruit expanding period.
2. The jackfruit potting method of claim 1, wherein the cyhalothrin liquid is diluted 2000-2500 times as much as 2.5% cyhalothrin.
3. The potting method of jackfruit according to claim 1, wherein the variety selection step specifically comprises: selecting the variety of jackfruit with medium and small fruits, including Taimi No. 8, frequent or Haidao No. 1.
4. The potting method of jackfruit according to claim 1, wherein the substrate preparation step specifically comprises: uniformly mixing 4-8 parts of garden soil or pond sludge, 3-6 parts of decomposed organic fertilizer and 1-2 parts of turf to prepare a matrix.
5. The method for potting jackfruit according to claim 4, wherein the decomposed organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing and composting 40% of cassava residues or bagasse, 45% of sheep manure or chicken manure, 10% of calcium magnesium phosphate and 5% of urea until the organic fertilizer is thoroughly decomposed.
6. The potting method of jackfruit according to claim 1, wherein the planting step of the upper pot adopts a root control container for planting, and root setting water is poured after the planting, and the root setting water is an indolebutyric acid water solution of 20-40 mg/L.
7. The potting method of jackfruit according to claim 1, wherein the disease management comprises controlling soft rot, fruit rot and anthracnose of flowers and fruits, in particular: the 25% prochloraz is used for diluting 800-1000 times liquid or 47% Chunlei copper wettable powder is used for diluting 500-800 times liquid for spraying inflorescence, fruits and leaves in the flowering stage and the young fruit stage.
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