CN110786199B

CN110786199B - Citrus planting method

Info

Publication number: CN110786199B
Application number: CN201911171197.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 曾靖宇
Original assignee: Binchuan County Yunfu Agricultural And Sideline Product Processing Co ltd
Current assignee: Binchuan County Yunfu Agricultural And Sideline Product Processing Co ltd
Priority date: 2019-11-26
Filing date: 2019-11-26
Publication date: 2022-02-08
Anticipated expiration: 2039-11-26
Also published as: CN110786199A

Abstract

The invention discloses a citrus planting method, which comprises the following steps: (1) managing soil; (2) planting; (3) managing water and fertilizer; (4) shaping and trimming; (5) controlling the yield; (6) and (3) pest control: A. when the seedling roots of the citrus seedlings are sterilized and disinfected before field planting in the agricultural prevention and control step (2), the seedling roots of the citrus seedlings are soaked in 0.2-8% potassium permanganate solution for 10-30min and then washed by clean water; cleaning the orchard and reducing the source of pests; preventing and treating the ulcer disease and the anthracnose, wherein in the spring shoot germination period, the young fruit period and the fruit expansion and color change period, a medicinal composition prepared from jatropha curcas seed oil and quicklime water is sprayed, and the volume ratio of the jatropha curcas seed oil to the quicklime water in the medicinal composition is 1-5: 100, respectively; B. physical and mechanical control: trapping and killing pests by adopting lamplight and a color plate; C. biological control: the pests are killed by using sex attractant and/or natural enemy organism. The invention can carry out green prevention and control on plant diseases and insect pests, ensure the quality of fruits, and is safe and pollution-free.

Description

Citrus planting method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural fruit tree cultivation, in particular to a citrus planting method.

Background

Citrus plants belonging to the genus Rutaceae. The nature likes warm and humid climate, and the cold resistance is slightly stronger than that of pomelo, lime and sweet orange. The Citrus subfamily of Rutaceae is distributed between 16-37 ° north latitude. Is a tropical and subtropical evergreen fruit tree (except for trifoliate orange), and is used for economic cultivation of 3 genera: poncirus, Citrus, and Poncirus. Citrus grown in china and other countries of the world is predominantly of the genus citrus. 2-3 flowers are grown in clusters; irregular calyx 5-3 superficial cleft; the petals are usually within 1.5 cm long; 20-25 stamens, slender style of flower stigmas and head-shaped stigmas. The flowering period is 4-5 months, and the fruit period is 10-12 months.

China is one of the important origin places of citrus, and the citrus is rich in resources, various in excellent varieties and has a cultivation history of more than 4000 years. After long-term cultivation and selection, the oranges become precious fruits for human beings. Due to good economic value of oranges and large market demand, the orange planting industry in China is continuously developed, and orange planting technologies of different types and different regions are continuously promoted.

In the planting process of the citrus, the method is important for preventing and controlling the diseases and the pests, and the method is concerned about the yield and the quality of the citrus. The traditional citrus planting process is realized by spraying pesticides on the citrus planting site, the pesticides are sprayed in a mode of solving pests to a certain extent, but toxic and harmful substance residues are easy to cause and harm to the health of consumers, and the ecological environment is greatly polluted.

Therefore, the method for planting the citrus is provided, and the problem that a planting user needs to solve urgently is solved by pursuing green and pollution-free while ensuring the yield and the quality of the fruit.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a citrus planting method, which can carry out green prevention and control on plant diseases and insect pests, ensure the quality of fruits, and is safe and pollution-free.

In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

a citrus planting method comprises the following steps:

(1) soil management

Deeply ploughing and improving the soil of a cultivation base before cultivation, and then leveling;

(2) planting

A: and (3) field planting time section: planting the citrus trees after the summer shoots or the autumn shoots are fully aged or before the spring shoots of the citrus trees are germinated;

b: planting density: the row spacing of the plants is (1.8-2.2) × (2.8-3.2) m

C: the planting method comprises the following steps: firstly, soil moisture is built on the leveled cultivation base land, planting ponds are dug on the soil moisture surface according to the plant row spacing for planting, and organic fertilizer is applied to each planting pond as base fertilizer; sterilizing and disinfecting the seedling roots of the citrus seedlings before field planting, and applying root fixing water after field planting; meanwhile, digging a planting ditch between the furrow moisture and the furrow moisture, and backfilling soil and organic fertilizer in the planting ditch;

(3) liquid manure management

Watering: timely irrigating the citrus trees according to soil moisture during flower bud differentiation, spring shoot germination, flowering and fruit expansion;

fertilizing:

a: spraying foliar fertilizer in the growth period, the flowering period, the young fruit period and the fruit coloring period of the new shoots of the citrus trees;

b: applying spring shoot germination fertilizer to the fruiting tree in the spring shoot germination period; the strong fruit fertilizer is applied in the early stage and the middle stage of the fruit growth; applying sugar increasing and coloring fertilizer at the later growth stage of the fruits;

(4) pruning and pruning

(5) Yield control

A: flower thinning

Performing flower period re-shearing on the basis of winter shearing, wherein flowers are reserved on strong branches, flowers are reserved on weak branches, flowers are reserved on single leaves, and flowers are reserved on no leaves; cutting off abnormal flowers and insect pests;

b: artificial thinning fruit

Combing summer shears, and thinning small fruits, sick and insect fruits, malformed fruits and dense and weak fruits;

(6) prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests

A: agricultural control

When the seedling roots of the citrus seedlings are sterilized and disinfected before field planting in the step (2), soaking the seedling roots of the citrus seedlings in 0.2-8% potassium permanganate solution for 10-30min, and then washing with clear water;

cleaning an orchard, cutting diseased tips, diseased leaves and diseased fruits, simultaneously removing fallen leaves, dead branches and fallen fruits, burning the fallen leaves, dead branches and fallen fruits in a centralized manner, and reducing the source of the disease insects;

preventing and treating the ulcer disease and the anthracnose, wherein in the spring shoot germination period, the young fruit period and the fruit expansion and color change period, a medicinal composition prepared from jatropha curcas seed oil and quicklime water is sprayed, and the volume ratio of the jatropha curcas seed oil to the quicklime water in the medicinal composition is 1-5: 100, respectively;

B. physical and mechanical control: trapping and killing pests by adopting lamplight and a color plate;

C. biological control: killing pests by using a sex attractant and/or natural enemy organisms;

D. plant prevention and control: planting casuarina equisetifolia and/or jatropha curcas around the citrus cultivation base for biological isolation.

Preferably, in the pest control process in the step (6), the pharmaceutical composition is sprayed once at the beginning of the development of the ulcer disease and/or the anthracnose, and the spraying is continuously carried out for 3 to 5 times at intervals of 5 to 7 days.

Preferably, the soaking time of the potassium permanganate solution in the step (6) is 15-20 min.

Preferably, the length × width × height of the colonization pool in the step (2) is 40 × 40 × 40 cm.

Preferably, 60-80kg of organic fertilizer is applied to each planting pond in the step (2).

Preferably, the mass concentration of the quicklime water is 10-20%.

During the planting process of citrus, main diseases include canker and anthracnose, and insect pests include aphids, fruit flies, thrips, poisonous moths, solar moths, lantern moths, prodigiosin and scarab beetles. In particular, canker and anthracnose are the most common diseases and great hazards as the first killer of citrus plantation.

Anthracnose has the characteristics of wide harm and long harm time, mainly harms leaves, branches, flowers, fruits and fruit stalks, and often causes a large amount of fallen leaves, dead branches, fallen flowers, fallen fruits and rotten fruits of citrus varieties such as mandarins, oranges and the like.

Citrus canker, which is a disease that endangers citrus leaves, shoots and fruits. The seedling and the young tree are particularly seriously damaged, fallen leaves and withered tips can be caused, the tree vigor is influenced, the fruit of the fruit-damaged person is fallen, the fruit-damaged person is slightly scabbed and not resistant to storage, the fruit is rotted, the commodity value of the fruit is greatly reduced, the disease and pest control cost of fruit growers is increased, and the economic benefit is damaged.

For the two diseases, the traditional method is to adopt chemical agents for prevention and treatment, the chemical agents have better prevention and treatment effects, but the chemical agents have the consequences of causing a large amount of toxic and harmful substances to remain, which is not beneficial to the health of consumers, and the application of the chemical agents causes great damage to the ecological environment, and simultaneously, the chemical agents also seriously harm the health of operators in the application process.

In the pharmaceutical composition, the quicklime water is a solution prepared by dissolving quicklime in water, is alkaline, has certain sterilization and insecticidal effects, and can kill some overwintering fungi, bacteria and pests parasitizing on citrus trunks; the jatropha curcas seed oil contains chemical components such as toxoprotein, ketones, hydrocyanic acid, ligustrazine and the like, and no report on prevention and treatment of citrus canker and anthracnose by utilizing the jatropha curcas seed oil is found in the prior art. The pharmaceutical composition prepared from jatropha curcas seed oil and quicklime water is creatively selected for spraying to prevent and treat the ulcer disease and the anthracnose, so that a better prevention and treatment effect is achieved, compared with the traditional chemical agent, the toxic and side effects are greatly reduced, the citrus fruits have no heavy metal residues, and the fruit quality is greatly improved; therefore, the quicklime water and the jatropha curcas seed oil are wide in source and low in cost, are suitable for large-scale plantation of citrus in an orchard, and have good popularization and application prospects.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

when the method is used for preventing and controlling the diseases and the insect pests in the citrus planting process, the methods such as agricultural prevention and control, physical and mechanical prevention and control, biological prevention and control, plant prevention and control and the like are utilized for prevention and control; particularly, the pharmaceutical composition disclosed by the invention is used for preventing and treating citrus canker and anthracnose; the comprehensive prevention and control mode has a good prevention and control effect on plant diseases and insect pests, avoids the use of chemical preparations, ensures the quality of fruits to a certain extent, has no pollution to the environment, effectively improves the ecological environment of a citrus orchard, ensures that all citrus fruits meet the pollution-free requirement, and has good taste, mellow appearance and color and high quality.

Detailed Description

The following examples further illustrate embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that the description of the embodiments is provided to help understanding of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

Example 1

A citrus planting method comprises the following steps:

(1) soil management

Selecting sandy loam with mild topography and medium fertility as a cultivation base, carrying out deep tillage improvement on the soil of the cultivation base before cultivation, wherein the deep tillage is not less than 80 cm, and then carrying out leveling;

(2) planting

b: planting density: the row spacing of the plants is (1.8-2.2) × (2.8-3.2) m;

c: the planting method comprises the following steps: firstly, soil moisture is built on the leveled cultivation base land, the height of the soil moisture is 15-20cm, planting ponds are dug on the soil moisture surface according to the plant row spacing for planting, the length multiplied by the width multiplied by the height of the planting ponds is 40 multiplied by 40cm, and 60-80kg of organic fertilizer is applied to each planting pond as base fertilizer; sterilizing and disinfecting the seedling roots of the citrus seedlings before field planting, and applying root fixing water after field planting; digging planting furrows between the furrow and the furrow, keeping the length of the planting furrows equal to the length of the furrow, wherein the width and the depth of the planting furrows are both 45-55cm, and backfilling soil and organic fertilizer in the planting furrows;

(3) liquid manure management

Watering: watering the citrus trees in the flower bud differentiation period, the spring shoot germination period, the flowering period and the fruit expansion period in time according to the soil moisture content;

fertilizing:

b: applying spring shoot germination fertilizer to the fruiting tree in the spring shoot germination period; the strong fruit fertilizer is applied in the early stage and the middle stage of the fruit growth; applying sugar increasing and coloring fertilizer at the later growth stage of the fruits; the spring shoot sprouting fertilizer mainly comprises a nitrogen fertilizer; the fruit strengthening fertilizer mainly comprises nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer, and is matched with phosphate fertilizer; the sugar increasing and coloring fertilizer is a potash fertilizer;

(4) pruning and pruning

Tree-shaped: preferably, the radiation shape of the multiple main branches is adopted, the height of a trunk is 20cm-30cm, 3-4 main branches are arranged on the trunk, and after the main branches are subjected to pinching or short-cutting, 3-5 auxiliary main branches are selected and reserved; the method of short cutting, pinching, branch pulling and the like is adopted for all levels of bone trunk branches, so that the tree crown extends outwards in a radial shape.

Trimming:

the sapling is cut lightly, the central trunk extension branch and the extension branches of the main branch and the subsidiary branch are selected, the sapling is cut to be medium-heavy, and the balance of the growth potential of the main branches is adjusted according to the cutting degree and the direction of the bud of the cut. The rest of the planted shoots are slightly cut to avoid excessive thinning and heavy cutting. Except for proper thinning and shearing of the dense branch groups, the strong branches at the middle lower part of the inner bore branches and the crown should be reserved.

And (4) continuing to select and shorten various levels of backbone extension branches of the first fruiting tree, erasing summer shoots and promoting robust autumn shoots. And (3) about 10 leaves are left for overlong nutrient branches with distribution space to timely pinching and retracting or cutting fruit branch groups. The excessive young shoot nutrition branches can be treated by three systems: namely, one third of the short, one third of the thinning and trimming, and one third of the thinning and trimming. After the autumn tips are aged (9-10 months), the method of girdling, branch pulling, branch twisting and the like is adopted for the trees with vigorous growth and little flowering, and the flower promoting measures of fertilization, root breaking, water control and the like in winter are combined, so that the flower buds are promoted to differentiate, and the autumn tips of the fruiting mother branches are remained without short-cut treatment.

For fruit trees, the pruning should follow the principle of three rare and three dense, namely: the big branches are thin and the small branches are dense; the upper part is thin and the lower part is dense; the outside is thin and the inside is dense. Retracting fruiting branch group, flower and fruit falling branch group and recession branch group in time. Pruning dead branches and insect branches. The crowded branches of the bone are cut off properly, and the light is led into the bore. For the nutritional branches of summer and autumn shoots which are extracted in the current year, the yield of the next year is regulated by the treatment of 'three systems and three systems', and the fruiting in the big and small years is prevented. And (4) properly thinning flowers or fruits when the flower amount is larger.

To age trees, the flower consumption should be reduced, or even the entire yield discarded to restore the tree vigor. For the aged trees with partial fruit bearing capacity, weak branch groups are retracted year by year, dense weak branch groups are thinned and cut, and partial summer and autumn tip nutrition branches and leafy bearing branches are cut short. The extremely weak plant carries out one-time retraction treatment on the lateral branches or the main branches in summer and autumn. The summer and autumn shoots which are promoted to grow after the old trees are renewed and pruned are pruned to be strong, weak and mediocre.

(5) Yield control

A: flower thinning

b: artificial thinning fruit

(6) prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests

A: agricultural control

When the seedling roots of the citrus seedlings are sterilized and disinfected before field planting in the step (2), soaking the seedling roots of the citrus seedlings in 0.5-0.8% potassium permanganate solution for 10-30min, and then washing with clear water;

the control of the ulcer disease and the anthracnose, in the spring shoot germination period, the young fruit period and the fruit expansion and color change period, the medicinal composition prepared from jatropha curcas seed oil and quicklime water is sprayed all round, the volume ratio of the jatropha curcas seed oil to the quicklime water in the medicinal composition is 1: 100, respectively; wherein the quicklime water is prepared from quicklime and water at the same time, and the mass concentration of the quicklime water is 20%.

B. Physical and mechanical control: the light is used for trapping and killing the harmful insects by utilizing the phototaxis of the imagoes. Such as: the insect pest imagoes such as noctuids, poisonous moths, giant moths, lantern moths, spiny moths, scarab and the like are trapped and killed by hanging an insect killing lamp in a citrus garden; the color-tropism of the insects is utilized to trap and kill the harmful insects. For example, aphids, fruit flies and the like are most sensitive to yellow, and can be trapped and killed by using a suspended yellow pest sticking plate, and thrips and the like are particularly sensitive to blue and can be trapped and killed by using a blue pest sticking plate.

C. Biological control: killing pests by using a sex attractant and natural enemy organisms; wherein the predatory mites are released to kill the pests in the citrus orchard with the age of more than 4 years in 4 months and middle ten days of each year;

D. plant prevention and control: planting casuarina equisetifolia and jatropha curcas around the citrus cultivation base for biological isolation. The casuarina equisetifolia and the jatropha curcas are biologically isolated, so that the effect of shielding wind is achieved, and the spread of external pathogenic bacteria can be effectively reduced.

The oranges are planted according to the method, chemical pesticides are not applied, the orange canker and anthracnose are not caused in the orange garden, the per mu yield of the oranges reaches 3670kg, the orange fruits produced in the orange garden are uniform in size, smooth in appearance color and luster and uniform in coloring, the soluble solid content is increased by 1.5-2.5% on average, all the orange fruits meet the pollution-free requirement, and the sale price of the fruits is increased by 1-2 yuan per kg.

Example 2

The difference between the embodiment and the embodiment 1 is that in the step (6), when the disease and insect pest prevention and control part of ulcer disease and anthracnose are controlled: in spring shoot germination period, young fruit period and fruit expansion color-changing period, a medicinal composition prepared from jatropha curcas seed oil and quicklime water is sprayed all round, and the volume ratio of the jatropha curcas seed oil to the quicklime water in the medicinal composition is 3: 100, respectively; wherein the mass concentration of the quicklime water is 15 percent.

In the orange planting process, the early onset of canker and anthracnose is found in an orange garden, and the pharmaceutical composition is sprayed once every 7 days for 5 times continuously on the day when the onset is detected.

The citrus is planted according to the method, chemical pesticides are not applied, the yield per mu of the citrus reaches 3577kg, citrus canker and anthracnose are early developed in a citrus garden, and the citrus canker and the anthracnose are eliminated after the pharmaceutical composition is sprayed; the orange fruits produced in the orange garden are uniform in size, round in appearance color and luster and uniform in coloring, the soluble solid content is increased by 1.5-2.5 percent on average, all the orange fruits meet the pollution-free requirement, and the sale price of the fruits is increased by 1-2 yuan per kg.

Example 3

The difference between the embodiment and the embodiment 1 is that in the step (6), when the disease and insect pest prevention and control part of ulcer disease and anthracnose are controlled: in spring shoot germination period, young fruit period and fruit expansion color-changing period, a medicinal composition prepared from jatropha curcas seed oil and quicklime water is sprayed all round, and the volume ratio of the jatropha curcas seed oil to the quicklime water in the medicinal composition is 5: 100, respectively; wherein the mass concentration of the quicklime water is 10 percent.

In the orange planting process, the early onset of canker and anthracnose is found in an orange garden, and the pharmaceutical composition is sprayed once every 5 days for 7 times continuously on the day when the onset is detected.

The citrus is planted according to the method, chemical pesticides are not applied, the yield per mu of the citrus reaches 3506kg, citrus canker and anthracnose are early developed in a citrus garden, but the citrus canker and the anthracnose are eliminated after the pharmaceutical composition is sprayed; the orange fruits produced in the orange garden are uniform in size, round in appearance color and luster and uniform in coloring, the soluble solid content is increased by 1.5-2.5 percent on average, all the orange fruits meet the pollution-free requirement, and the sale price of the fruits is increased by 1-2 yuan per kg.

The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the examples, but the present invention is not limited to the described embodiments. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and the scope of protection is still within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A citrus planting method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

(1) soil management

(2) planting

b: planting density: the row spacing of the plants is (1.8-2.2) × (2.8-3.2) m

(3) liquid manure management

Watering: timely irrigating the citrus trees according to soil moisture during flower bud differentiation, spring shoot germination, flowering and fruit expansion; fertilizing:

(4) pruning and pruning

(5) Yield control

A: flower thinning

b: artificial thinning fruit

(6) prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests

A: agricultural control

When the seedling roots of the citrus seedlings are sterilized and disinfected before field planting in the step (2), soaking the seedling roots of the citrus seedlings in 0.2-0.8% potassium permanganate solution for 10-30min, and then washing with clear water;

2. A citrus planting method according to claim 1, wherein: in the process of preventing and controlling the plant diseases and insect pests in the step (6), the pharmaceutical composition is sprayed once at the initial stage of the ulcer disease and/or the anthracnose, and the spraying is continuously carried out for 3 to 5 times at intervals of 5 to 7 days.

3. A citrus planting method according to claim 1, wherein: the soaking time of the potassium permanganate solution in the step (6) is 15-20 min.

4. A citrus planting method according to claim 1, wherein: the length multiplied by the width multiplied by the height of the planting pond in the step (2) is 40 multiplied by 40 cm.

5. A citrus planting method according to claim 4, wherein: and (3) applying 60-80kg of organic fertilizer in each planting pond in the step (2).

6. A citrus planting method according to claim 1, wherein: the mass concentration of the quicklime water is 10-20%.