CN105494023A - Seeding, breeding and cultivating method of Melia azedarach - Google Patents
Seeding, breeding and cultivating method of Melia azedarach Download PDFInfo
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- CN105494023A CN105494023A CN201610053719.0A CN201610053719A CN105494023A CN 105494023 A CN105494023 A CN 105494023A CN 201610053719 A CN201610053719 A CN 201610053719A CN 105494023 A CN105494023 A CN 105494023A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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Abstract
The invention discloses a seeding breeding and cultivating method of Melia azedarach, comprising following steps: (1), picking fruits from Melia azedarach trees as seeds in late November of the year before seeding, and storing the seeds in dry and ventilated place; (2) selecting a moist and loose land with good drainage as a seedling land, applying a base fertilizer to the seedling land before seeding, and raking to make a seedling bed after subsoiling; (3), subjecting the fruits to bud forcing treatment, ditching the seedling bed for sowing in line, and earthing and watering after seeding; (4), weeding after emergency of seedlings, carrying out thinning when seedlings are 8-10 cm high, and reserving a strong one in each bundle; (5), transplanting the Melia azedarach seedlings on the seedling bed before the Melia azedarach seedlings germinate in spring of the year just after seeding, transplanting the Melia azedarach seedlings to a nursery according to 3m*3m row and plant spacing, and outplanting when the Melia azedarach seedlings are 3 m high and greater than 3 cm in diameter at breast height. The method has simple steps, is easy to implement and enables effective improvements in germinating rate of the Melia azedarach seeds and seeding breeding survival rate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of seed propagation method of trees, particularly relate to the seed propagation cultivation method of a kind of margosa, belong to agriculture trees and bring up technical field.
Background technology
Margosa, the well-known variety in Meliaceae plant, also known as bitter Siberian cocklebur, FRUCTUS TOOSENDAN, Zhan wingceltis, gloomy tree etc.; For Meliaceae deciduous tree plant, high 10-20m; Bark crineous, lobe, old branch purple, has most tiny hole skin; Be born in wilderness or roadside, often cultivate after room anterior chamber; This plant grows rapidly on moistening fertile soil, and require not tight to soil, all can grow in acid soil, neutral soil and In Limestone Area, be the good reproducting tree species of Plain and low altitude area hills area, more suitable in the other plantation of village's wing; These seeds be material with plant, be also medicinal plant, its flower, leaf, fruit, root skin all can be used as medicine, and with root micromicro ascarifuge and hookworm, but poisonous, the used time will sternly follow the doctor's advice, and root skin powder adjusts vinegar to control mange, makes ointment can control favus of the scalp by chinaberry; In addition, fruit nucleolus oil also can supply lubricating oil processed and soap etc.; Margosa growing way is strong, and rudiment power is strong, wind resistance, and rapidly, Hua Yan, amount are many, have sight in growth; Resistance to flue dust, by force, therefore, margosa has very high economic worth for anti-sulphur dioxide and diseases and insect pests resistance.
The seed propagation process complexity of current margosa is various, be not easy to implement, and chinaberry seed coat structure is hard, fine and close, has impermeability, percentage of seedgermination is extremely low, the margosa seed viability of sowing is not high, can not meet the need of market, simultaneously, the Propogation and culture time of waste, virtually add the cost of margosa breeding.
Summary of the invention
For solving the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides the seed propagation cultivation method of a kind of margosa, step is simple, easy to implement, effectively improves germination rate and the seed propagation survival rate of margosa seed.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A seed propagation cultivation method for margosa, comprises the following steps:
(1) the late November harvesting sowing the previous year becomes flaxen fruit as seed without on the healthy and strong China tree elite stand of damage by disease and insect from green, the seed of harvesting is placed on dry ventilation and preserves;
(2) select moistening, loose, well-drained soil as nursery, sowing forward direction nursery applies base manure, rakes and do seedbed after deep ploughing;
(3) at sowing early March then, vernalization process is carried out to fruit, and drilling of ditching on seedbed, after planting earthing waters;
(4) carry out weeding after coming up, when height of seedling 8-10cm, carry out thinning, every bunch is stayed strain in strong sprout one, sows late June then to start between early August every 15 days Nitrogen Top Dressings and irrigate;
(5) spring next year is sowed, before the rudiment of China tree sapling, China tree sapling on seedbed is transplanted, select the soil of deep, the fertile soil of soil layer as planting-nursery ground, to planting-nursery sterilize after, China tree sapling is implanted in nursery lot by the seeding row spacing of 3m × 3m, carry out after transplanting weed with a hoe, fertigation, extermination of disease and insect pest work; Garden is gone out as margosa height of seedling 3m, more than diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 3cm.
Further, in order to ensure the quality of seed, and germination rate, the age of tree of the described China tree elite stand of step (1) is 15-20.
Further, in order to make the base manure applied can ensure needed for the growth of seed, the base manure applied described in step (2) is barnyard manure, and described in the barnyard manure that applies be every mu of 1500kg.
Further, in order to improve Germination effect and percentage of seedgermination, the described vernalization process of step (3) is that seed is tanned by the sun 2-3 days in the sun, put immersion, retting in the hot water of people 60 ~ 70 DEG C again, make pericarp deliquescing, rubbed again, with water, pulp eluriated clean or soak seed 2-3 minute with 0.5% liquor potassic permanganate, rinsing seed 1 minute with the clear water of flowing.
Further, in order to ensure seed better germinating growth and seedling management in soil, the ditch depth 5-8cm of the described trench digging drilling of step (3), ditch line-spacing 20-25cm, the thick 3cm of earthing.
Further, step (4) described thinning carries out thinning overcast and rainy, to improve after thinning stay the survival rate of nursery stock.
Further, give full play to its fast-growing potentiality in order to improve China tree sapling at Fast-growing stage, step (4) described Nitrogen Top Dressing is deep placement urea fertilizer of ditching between Miao Yumiao.
Further, the described transplanting the China tree sapling on seedbed of step (5) is transplanted in cloudy or calm early morning, the dusk, and also comprise the step of pruning main root when transplanting, to promote the growth of side root.
Further, in order to improve the Disinfection Effect to planting-nursery ground, step (5) described to planting-nursery to sterilize be sterilize to planting-nursery with 0.8-1% liquor potassic permanganate.
Further, step (5) the described extermination of disease and insect pest comprises spraying China tree sapling can kill to obtain wetting powder 1000 times, 50% carbendazim, 1000 times of liquid, dichlorvos 1500 times of liquid, 70% topsin, 200 times of liquid, effectively can prevent the generation of spot disease, two spotted spider mite, canker.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: by processing the margosa seed plucked, improve the germination rate of margosa seed, rational sowing, the seedling management of science, effectively improve the seed propagation survival rate of margosa, and the inventive method step is simple, easy to implement, shorten margosa seed propagation and cultivate the time, reduce the cost of margosa seed propagation.
Embodiment:
Concrete introduction is done to the present invention below.
Embodiment one
A seed propagation cultivation method for margosa, comprises the following steps:
(1) the late November harvesting sowing the previous year becomes flaxen fruit as seed without on the healthy and strong China tree elite stand of damage by disease and insect from green, the seed of harvesting is placed on dry ventilation and preserves; In order to ensure the quality of seed, and germination rate, the age of tree that the present embodiment plucks China tree elite stand is 15 years.
(2) select moistening, loose, well-drained soil as nursery, sowing forward direction nursery applies base manure, rakes and do seedbed after deep ploughing; Can ensure that in order to make the base manure applied, needed for the growth of seed, the base manure that the present embodiment applies is barnyard manure, and the barnyard manure applied is every mu of 1500kg.
(3) at sowing early March then, vernalization process is carried out to fruit, and drilling of ditching on seedbed, after planting earthing waters; In order to improve Germination effect and percentage of seedgermination, the vernalization process of the present embodiment is that seed is tanned by the sun 2 days in the sun, then soak in the hot water putting people 70 DEG C, retting, make pericarp deliquescing, then rubbed, pulp is eluriated clean with water; In order to ensure seed better germinating growth and seedling management in soil, the ditch depth 5cm of drilling of ditching in the present embodiment, ditch line-spacing 20cm, the thick 3cm of earthing.
(4) carry out weeding after coming up, when height of seedling 8cm, carry out thinning overcast and rainy, every bunch is stayed strain in strong sprout one, sows late June then to start between early August every 15 days Nitrogen Top Dressings and irrigate; Give full play to its fast-growing potentiality in order to improve China tree sapling at Fast-growing stage, the present embodiment Nitrogen Top Dressing is deep placement urea fertilizer of ditching between Miao Yumiao.
(5) sowing spring next year, before the rudiment of China tree sapling, at the cloudy day, the China tree sapling on seedbed is transplanted, the main root of China tree sapling being pruned, to promote the growth of side root when transplanting; Select the soil of deep, the fertile soil of soil layer as planting-nursery ground, to planting-nursery sterilize after, China tree sapling is implanted in nursery lot by the seeding row spacing of 3m × 3m, carry out after transplanting weed with a hoe, fertigation, extermination of disease and insect pest work; Garden is gone out as margosa height of seedling 3m, more than diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 3cm; In order to improve the Disinfection Effect to planting-nursery ground, the present embodiment to planting-nursery to sterilize be sterilize to planting-nursery with 0.8% liquor potassic permanganate; The extermination of disease and insect pest of the present embodiment comprises spraying China tree sapling can kill to obtain wetting powder 1000 times, 50% carbendazim, 1000 times of liquid, dichlorvos 1500 times of liquid, 70% topsin, 200 times of liquid, effectively prevents the generation of spot disease, two spotted spider mite, canker.
Embodiment two
A seed propagation cultivation method for margosa, comprises the following steps:
(1) the late November harvesting sowing the previous year becomes flaxen fruit as seed without on the healthy and strong China tree elite stand of damage by disease and insect from green, the seed of harvesting is placed on dry ventilation and preserves; In order to ensure the quality of seed, and germination rate, the age of tree that the present embodiment plucks China tree elite stand is 20 years.
(2) select moistening, loose, well-drained soil as nursery, sowing forward direction nursery applies base manure, rakes and do seedbed after deep ploughing; Can ensure that in order to make the base manure applied, needed for the growth of seed, the base manure that the present embodiment applies is barnyard manure, and the barnyard manure applied is every mu of 1500kg.
(3) at sowing early March then, vernalization process is carried out to fruit, and drilling of ditching on seedbed, after planting earthing waters; In order to improve Germination effect and percentage of seedgermination, the vernalization process of the present embodiment is that seed is tanned by the sun 3 days in the sun, then soak in the hot water putting people 60 DEG C, retting, make pericarp deliquescing, then rubbed, pulp is eluriated clean with water; In order to ensure seed better germinating growth and seedling management in soil, the ditch depth 8cm of drilling of ditching in the present embodiment, ditch line-spacing 25cm, the thick 3cm of earthing.
(4) carry out weeding after coming up, when height of seedling 10cm, carry out thinning overcast and rainy, every bunch is stayed strain in strong sprout one, sows late June then to start between early August every 15 days Nitrogen Top Dressings and irrigate; Give full play to its fast-growing potentiality in order to improve China tree sapling at Fast-growing stage, the present embodiment Nitrogen Top Dressing is deep placement urea fertilizer of ditching between Miao Yumiao.
(5) sowing spring next year, before the rudiment of China tree sapling, in calm early morning, the China tree sapling on seedbed is transplanted, the main root of China tree sapling being pruned, to promote the growth of side root when transplanting; Select the soil of deep, the fertile soil of soil layer as planting-nursery ground, to planting-nursery sterilize after, China tree sapling is implanted in nursery lot by the seeding row spacing of 3m × 3m, carry out after transplanting weed with a hoe, fertigation, extermination of disease and insect pest work; Garden is gone out as margosa height of seedling 3m, more than diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 3cm; In order to improve the Disinfection Effect to planting-nursery ground, the present embodiment to planting-nursery to sterilize be sterilize to planting-nursery with 0.9% liquor potassic permanganate; The extermination of disease and insect pest of the present embodiment comprises spraying China tree sapling can kill to obtain wetting powder 1000 times, 50% carbendazim, 1000 times of liquid, dichlorvos 1500 times of liquid, 70% topsin, 200 times of liquid, effectively prevents the generation of spot disease, two spotted spider mite, canker.
Embodiment three
A seed propagation cultivation method for margosa, comprises the following steps:
(1) the late November harvesting sowing the previous year becomes flaxen fruit as seed without on the healthy and strong China tree elite stand of damage by disease and insect from green, the seed of harvesting is placed on dry ventilation and preserves; In order to ensure the quality of seed, and germination rate, the age of tree that the present embodiment plucks China tree elite stand is 15 years.
(2) select moistening, loose, well-drained soil as nursery, sowing forward direction nursery applies base manure, rakes and do seedbed after deep ploughing; Can ensure that in order to make the base manure applied, needed for the growth of seed, the base manure that the present embodiment applies is barnyard manure, and the barnyard manure applied is every mu of 1500kg.
(3) at sowing early March then, vernalization process is carried out to fruit, and drilling of ditching on seedbed, after planting earthing waters; In order to improve Germination effect and percentage of seedgermination, the vernalization process of the present embodiment soaks seed 2 minutes with 0.5% liquor potassic permanganate, rinses seed 1 minute with the clear water of flowing; In order to ensure seed better germinating growth and seedling management in soil, the ditch depth 8cm of drilling of ditching in the present embodiment, ditch line-spacing 25cm, the thick 3cm of earthing.
(4) carry out weeding after coming up, when height of seedling 10cm, carry out thinning overcast and rainy, every bunch is stayed strain in strong sprout one, sows late June then to start between early August every 15 days Nitrogen Top Dressings and irrigate; Give full play to its fast-growing potentiality in order to improve China tree sapling at Fast-growing stage, the present embodiment Nitrogen Top Dressing is deep placement urea fertilizer of ditching between Miao Yumiao.
(5) sowing spring next year, before the rudiment of China tree sapling, in the calm dusk, the China tree sapling on seedbed is transplanted, the main root of China tree sapling being pruned, to promote the growth of side root when transplanting; Select the soil of deep, the fertile soil of soil layer as planting-nursery ground, to planting-nursery sterilize after, China tree sapling is implanted in nursery lot by the seeding row spacing of 3m × 3m, carry out after transplanting weed with a hoe, fertigation, extermination of disease and insect pest work; Garden is gone out as margosa height of seedling 3m, more than diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 3cm; In order to improve the Disinfection Effect to planting-nursery ground, the present embodiment to planting-nursery to sterilize be sterilize to planting-nursery with 1% liquor potassic permanganate; The extermination of disease and insect pest of the present embodiment comprises spraying China tree sapling can kill to obtain wetting powder 1000 times, 50% carbendazim, 1000 times of liquid, dichlorvos 1500 times of liquid, 70% topsin, 200 times of liquid, effectively prevents the generation of spot disease, two spotted spider mite, canker.
Embodiment four
A seed propagation cultivation method for margosa, comprises the following steps:
(1) the late November harvesting sowing the previous year becomes flaxen fruit as seed without on the healthy and strong China tree elite stand of damage by disease and insect from green, the seed of harvesting is placed on dry ventilation and preserves; In order to ensure the quality of seed, and germination rate, the age of tree that the present embodiment plucks China tree elite stand is 20 years.
(2) select moistening, loose, well-drained soil as nursery, sowing forward direction nursery applies base manure, rakes and do seedbed after deep ploughing; Can ensure that in order to make the base manure applied, needed for the growth of seed, the base manure that the present embodiment applies is barnyard manure, and the barnyard manure applied is every mu of 1500kg.
(3) at sowing early March then, vernalization process is carried out to fruit, and drilling of ditching on seedbed, after planting earthing waters; In order to improve Germination effect and percentage of seedgermination, the vernalization process of the present embodiment soaks seed 3 minutes with 0.5% liquor potassic permanganate, rinses seed 1 minute with the clear water of flowing; In order to ensure seed better germinating growth and seedling management in soil, the ditch depth 5cm of drilling of ditching in the present embodiment, ditch line-spacing 20cm, the thick 3cm of earthing.
(4) carry out weeding after coming up, when height of seedling 10cm, carry out thinning overcast and rainy, every bunch is stayed strain in strong sprout one, sows late June then to start between early August every 15 days Nitrogen Top Dressings and irrigate; Give full play to its fast-growing potentiality in order to improve China tree sapling at Fast-growing stage, the present embodiment Nitrogen Top Dressing is deep placement urea fertilizer of ditching between Miao Yumiao.
(5) sowing spring next year, before the rudiment of China tree sapling, at the cloudy day, the China tree sapling on seedbed is transplanted, the main root of China tree sapling being pruned, to promote the growth of side root when transplanting; Select the soil of deep, the fertile soil of soil layer as planting-nursery ground, to planting-nursery sterilize after, China tree sapling is implanted in nursery lot by the seeding row spacing of 3m × 3m, carry out after transplanting weed with a hoe, fertigation, extermination of disease and insect pest work; Garden is gone out as margosa height of seedling 3m, more than diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 3cm; In order to improve the Disinfection Effect to planting-nursery ground, the present embodiment to planting-nursery to sterilize be sterilize to planting-nursery with 0.8% liquor potassic permanganate; The extermination of disease and insect pest of the present embodiment comprises spraying China tree sapling can kill to obtain wetting powder 1000 times, 50% carbendazim, 1000 times of liquid, dichlorvos 1500 times of liquid, 70% topsin, 200 times of liquid, effectively prevents the generation of spot disease, two spotted spider mite, canker.
The present invention is by processing the margosa seed plucked, improve the germination rate of margosa seed, rational sowing, the seedling management of science, effectively improve the seed propagation survival rate of margosa, and the inventive method step is simple, easy to implement, shorten margosa seed propagation and cultivate the time, reduce the cost of margosa seed propagation.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of patent of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite not departing from patent principle of the present invention; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as the protection domain of patent of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a seed propagation cultivation method for margosa, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) the late November harvesting sowing the previous year becomes flaxen fruit as seed without on the healthy and strong China tree elite stand of damage by disease and insect from green, the seed of harvesting is placed on dry ventilation and preserves;
(2) select moistening, loose, well-drained soil as nursery, sowing forward direction nursery applies base manure, rakes and do seedbed after deep ploughing;
(3) at sowing early March then, vernalization process is carried out to fruit, and drilling of ditching on seedbed, after planting earthing waters;
(4) carry out weeding after coming up, when height of seedling 8-10cm, carry out thinning, every bunch is stayed strain in strong sprout one, sows late June then to start between early August every 15 days Nitrogen Top Dressings and irrigate;
(5) spring next year is sowed, before the rudiment of China tree sapling, China tree sapling on seedbed is transplanted, select the soil of deep, the fertile soil of soil layer as planting-nursery ground, to planting-nursery sterilize after, China tree sapling is implanted in nursery lot by the seeding row spacing of 3m × 3m, carry out after transplanting weed with a hoe, fertigation, extermination of disease and insect pest work; Garden is gone out as margosa height of seedling 3m, more than diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 3cm.
2. the seed propagation cultivation method of a kind of margosa according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the age of tree of the described China tree elite stand of step (1) is 15-20.
3. the seed propagation cultivation method of a kind of margosa according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the base manure applied described in step (2) is barnyard manure, and described in the barnyard manure that applies be every mu of 1500kg.
4. the seed propagation cultivation method of a kind of margosa according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the described vernalization process of step (3) is that seed is tanned by the sun 2-3 days in the sun, put immersion, retting in the hot water of people 60 ~ 70 DEG C again, make pericarp deliquescing, rubbed again, with water, pulp eluriated clean or soak seed 2-3 minute with 0.5% liquor potassic permanganate, rinsing seed 1 minute with the clear water of flowing.
5. the seed propagation cultivation method of a kind of margosa according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the ditch depth 5-8cm of the described trench digging drilling of step (3), ditch line-spacing 20-25cm, the thick 3cm of earthing.
6. the seed propagation cultivation method of a kind of margosa according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, step (4) described thinning carries out thinning overcast and rainy.
7. the seed propagation cultivation method of a kind of margosa according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, step (4) described Nitrogen Top Dressing is deep placement urea fertilizer of ditching between Miao Yumiao.
8. the seed propagation cultivation method of a kind of margosa according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the described transplanting the China tree sapling on seedbed of step (5) is transplanted in cloudy or calm early morning, the dusk, and also comprise the step of pruning main root when transplanting.
9. the seed propagation cultivation method of a kind of margosa according to claim 1, is characterized in that, step (5) described to planting-nursery to sterilize be sterilize to planting-nursery with 0.8-1% liquor potassic permanganate.
10. the seed propagation cultivation method of a kind of margosa according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, step (5) the described extermination of disease and insect pest comprises spraying China tree sapling can kill to obtain wetting powder 1000 times, 50% carbendazim, 1000 times of liquid, dichlorvos 1500 times of liquid, 70% topsin, 200 times of liquid.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106416870A (en) * | 2016-08-27 | 2017-02-22 | 天长市金农农业发展有限公司 | High-yield high-quality greenhouse cultivation method for paper mulberries |
| CN110915534A (en) * | 2019-12-18 | 2020-03-27 | 句容市乡土树种研究所 | Method for cultivating local tree species melia azedarach |
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| CN101711499A (en) * | 2009-11-26 | 2010-05-26 | 王露清 | Method for intercropping bead trees and okra |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106416870A (en) * | 2016-08-27 | 2017-02-22 | 天长市金农农业发展有限公司 | High-yield high-quality greenhouse cultivation method for paper mulberries |
| CN110915534A (en) * | 2019-12-18 | 2020-03-27 | 句容市乡土树种研究所 | Method for cultivating local tree species melia azedarach |
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