CN103907467B - A kind of breeding method of beech tree high quality seedling - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses the breeding method of a kind of beech tree high quality seedling, belong to field of plant growing technology, the method comprises the following steps: gathering of (1) seed; (2) process of seed and storage; (3) selection of nursery lot; (4) the whole work of nursery lot and pretreatment; (5) pretreatment before planting seed; (6) planting seed; (7) bud period management is planted; (8) seedling management; (9) extermination of disease and insect pest; (10) outplanting and management; The breeding method of beech of the present invention tree high quality seedling is a kind of scientific, system, comprehensively and be easy to the breeding method that realizes, after shaping from the nursery stock of gathering of seed go out garden and detailed method of operating explanation has been done in management, make seed germination rate high, survival rate is high, the growing way of cultivating seedling strain is good, neatly, high-quality is healthy and strong, is applicable to high yield afforestation, high financial profit.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of plant growing technology, particularly a kind of breeding method of beech tree high quality seedling.
Background technology
Beech tree (another name blood beech, bulky, the husky Lang Shu of spun gold, nerville beech etc.) has another name called zelkova schneideriana, is the arbor species of Ulmaceae Zelkova, belongs to national secondary national key protected plant.Extensive at distribution in China, growth is comparatively slow, and material is excellent, is precious sclerophyll deciduous species, is the fine tree species viewing and admiring autumn leaves, often plants the roadside in greenery patches, wall limit, does isolated planting, group planting configuration and does street tree.Beech tree strong adaptability, wind resistance power is strong, resistance to flue dust, the good seeds being township afforestation He planting windbreak forests.
The breeding of traditional beech tree is based on planting seed nursery, because Zelkova schneideriana seeds is less, nursery needs to facilitate on fertile sandy loam in irrigation and drainage to sow, sowing is to be advisable spring, whole cultivating process is comparatively simple, do not set about from the growth characteristics of beech tree itself, what do not grow Zelkova schneideriana seeds carries out scientific cultivating and managing each time, the germination rate of Zelkova schneideriana seeds is caused to be only 30 ~ 50%, germination rate is low, and the beech sapling wood that gets off of surviving after seedling stage cultivates is less, output is lower, is not suitable for batch production and expands numerous; For the attention degree of current afforestation project, the cultivation time of beech tree, quality requirement amount etc. all can not be ignored, and can bring larger economic benefit to the industry of plantation beech tree, and this just requires higher beech tree Cultivating techniques.
In order to the whole growth cycle of beech tree cultivating seedlings can be shortened, plantation family can cultivate again high-quality strong sprout rapidly, breeding method bud ratio the most general is now low, the seedling quality cultivated is poor, and cultivate nursery stock technical sophistication by cuttage, grafting method, plantation family difficulty is grasped, uneconomical, be unfavorable for spread, therefore, how cultivating high-quality seedling strain is problem the most key in whole beech tree culture technique.
Summary of the invention
For above-mentioned Problems existing, the present invention aims to provide the breeding method of a kind of scientific, system, comprehensively beech tree high quality seedling, and make the Zelkova schneideriana seeds bud ratio cultivated high, seedling strain growing way is neat, high-quality is healthy and strong, is suitable for afforestation of getting bumper crops, high financial profit.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is as follows:
A breeding method for beech tree high quality seedling, the method comprises the following steps:
(1) the gathering of seed: choose robust growth between annual October ~ November, dryness is good and gather as Zelkova schneideriana seeds acquisition target without the excellent beech tree elite stand in 20 ~ 50 years adult standing forests of damage by disease and insect;
(2) process of seed and storage: impurity elimination process is carried out to the Zelkova schneideriana seeds of having gathered in step (1), naturally 2 ~ 3 are dried, carry out selection by winnowing again, Zelkova schneideriana seeds water content control is between 0 ~ 13%, then the Zelkova schneideriana seeds processed is loaded ventilative receptacle, and be placed on room ventilation drying place's storage;
(3) selection of nursery lot: choose traffic convenience, have abundant water resources, supply of electric power puts in place, physical features is smooth, leeward on the sunny side and draining ground threshing is as nursery lot easily, and nursery lot needs that the soil is porous, deep sandy loam or light loam;
(4) the whole work of nursery lot and pretreatment: the nursery lot that step (3) chooses carries out wholely in the winter time, and while whole ground, apply fertilizer and to disinfecting soil process;
(5) pretreatment before planting seed: select the seed of storage in the described step (2) of purity more than 90% first to use clear water process, then soak seed 2 ~ 3 in warm water, dry 8 ~ 10 under finally seed being placed on the condition of 4 ~ 8 DEG C, for subsequent use;
(6) planting seed: the seed that in step (5), pretreatment is good is selected to sow in spring, time is between annual mid-February to early March, the mode of drilling is adopted to sow, seeding quantity every mu 6 ~ 10kg, sowing line space 25 ~ 35cm, furrow width 8 ~ 12cm, and adopt earthing cover and cover careless moisturizing;
(7) plant bud period management: seed puts up frame before being unearthed, between frame height 1.7m ~ 2.5m, and according to change covered with sunshade net on frame of temperature, when kind of bud be unearthed 40 ~ 50% time throw off and cover grass;
(8) seedling management: comprise water and fertilizer management, intertill and clean tillage and thinning and prune; Wherein, described water and fertilizer management adopts furrow irrigation, and when center, seedbed is slightly wet and draining, the seedling growth initial stage uses quick action fertilizer, and nursery stock Fast-growing stage, early stage and mid-term adopt nitrogenous fertilizer, later stage employing phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer; Described intertill and clean tillage refers to after the abundant lignification of nursery stock, carries out chemical weed control in conjunction with loosening the soil, earthing up; The weak seedling and sick seedling that refer to the overstocked place of removing growth are pruned in described thinning, if nursery stock top bifurcated should bud picking in time;
(9) extermination of disease and insect pest;
(10) outplanting and management: comprise lifting, seedling sorting, nursery stock quarantine and packaging, transport, the lifting time determined according to the planting season.
Further improvement of the present invention is: in step (1), gathering of seed adopts intercepting fruit branch or the collection that naturally comes off, and gathers when beech tree fruit turns yellowish-brown by dark green.
Further improvement of the present invention is: refer to that farmland changes nursery lot in step (4) wholely, turn over winter and freeze solarization, next year adopts flat rake that nursery lot is harrowed work bed of carefully raking by the end of February, if expert vegetable grower ground, turns over after lifting in time, spring maiden work bed, not continuous cropping, seedbed is East and West direction, wide 1 ~ 1.5m, high 25 ~ 30cm; During whole ground, every mu of nursery lot executes the pig cow dung 1500 ~ 2000kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, and become thoroughly decomposed dish cake 180 ~ 220kg, superphosphate 40 ~ 60kg, to carry out disinfection sterilizing to the nursery soil spray concentration copperas solution that is 1 ~ 3%.
Further improvement of the present invention is: in step (6), earthing adopts loam or burns soil and covers, thickness 0.4 ~ 0.6cm.
Further improvement of the present invention is: step (8) if the annual nursery stock of fertilizing management every year every mu of mu execute N:7kg, P
2o
5: 3kg, K
2o:4kg, and adopt a small amount of method repeatedly; If two to perennial nursery stock every year every mu execute N:15 ~ 20kg, P
2o
5: 6 ~ 8kg, K
2o:8 ~ 10kg, and topdress every year 3 ~ 4 times.
Further improvement of the present invention is: step (8) intertill and clean tillage every mu is watered 30 ~ 40kg with haloxyfop-r-methyl 30 ~ 45ml that concentration is 10.8% and sprays, loosen the soil and weeding combine, loosen the soil annual 4 ~ 6 times, ridging choosing after the rain before drought and irrigate, after fertilizing and weeding operation, in time at bed surface training lid layer fine earth.
Further improvement of the present invention is: in step (8), thinning is pruned in the beginning on the 10th ~ 15 that comes up, and last thinning is trimmed to " final singling ", and final singling retains strain number 10 ~ 15 strains/m
2.
Further improvement of the present invention is: in step (9) between 7 ~ September, and spray concentration is d ichlorbenzuron No. 3 1500 times liquid prevention and cure bag moths of 25%, also in the winter time or manually can cut period in early spring and pluck worm capsule; 4 ~ May and 9 ~ October spray concentration be 10% Imidacloprid 2000 ~ 3000 times of liquid anti-to eliminate aphis; Every day dusk or spray octyl sulfate or Le Siben control of grubs morning.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the inventive method is a kind of scientific, system, comprehensively and be easy to the breeding method that realizes, and methodological science, processing ease, seed germination rate is high, survival rate is high, and the growing way of cultivating seedling strain is good, neatly, high-quality is healthy and strong, is suitable for afforestation of getting bumper crops, high financial profit.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, technical scheme of the present invention is further described.
embodiment one:
(1) the gathering of seed: choose robust growth between annual October ~ November, dryness is good and gather as Zelkova schneideriana seeds acquisition target without the excellent beech tree elite stand in 20 ~ 50 years adult standing forests of damage by disease and insect, gathering of seed adopts intercepting fruit branch, and gathers when beech tree fruit turns yellowish-brown by dark green;
(2) process of seed and storage: impurity elimination process is carried out on above-mentioned Zelkova schneideriana seeds surface of having gathered, then be laid in room ventilation place and naturally dry 2, carry out selection by winnowing again, Zelkova schneideriana seeds water content control is between 0 ~ 13%, then the Zelkova schneideriana seeds processed is loaded cloth bag, and hang in room ventilation drying place's storage;
(3) selection of nursery lot: choose traffic convenience, have abundant water resources, supply of electric power puts in place, physical features is smooth, leeward on the sunny side and draining farmland is as nursery lot easily, and nursery lot needs, and the soil is porous, deep sandy loam;
(4) the whole work of nursery lot and pretreatment: farmland changes nursery lot, carry out wholely in the winter time, and every mu of nursery lot executes the pig cow dung 1500kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed when whole ground, become thoroughly decomposed dish cake 180kg, superphosphate 40kg, and next year adopts flat rake that nursery lot is harrowed work bed of carefully raking by the end of February, seedbed is East and West direction, wide 1.0m, high 25cm, to carry out disinfection sterilization treatment to the copperas solution of nursery soil spray concentration 1 ~ 3%;
(5) pretreatment before planting seed: select the seed of storage in the described step (2) of purity more than 90% first to use clear water process, seed selection, the floating flat grain in removing seed, then soaks seed 2 in warm water, 10 are dried under finally seed being placed on the condition of 4 DEG C, for subsequent use;
(6) planting seed: the seed that above-mentioned pretreatment is good is selected to sow in spring, time is annual mid-February, the mode of drilling is adopted to sow, seeding quantity every mu 6kg, sowing line space 25cm, furrow width 8cm, and adopt loam to cover, thickness 0.4cm, and covered careless moisturizing, cover the thickness of grass not reveal bed surface for degree;
(7) bud period management is planted: seed puts up frame before being unearthed, frame height 1.7m, when seedling strain all sprouts, when noon, temperature was more than 28 DEG C on frame covered with sunshade net, obscurity controls 60 ~ 70%, needs to open sunshade net if temperature is down to less than 28 DEG C, ventilate, when kind of bud be unearthed 40 ~ 50% time throw off and cover grass, take off selection of time cloudy day of covering grass or point to carry out for 2 times at dusk, keeping bed surface moistening;
(8) seedling management: comprise water and fertilizer management, intertill and clean tillage and thinning and prune; Wherein, described water and fertilizer management adopts furrow irrigation, and when center, seedbed is slightly wet and draining, irrigation time in the morning, at dusk or carry out night, if rainfall continuously, should drain the water away in time, the seedling growth initial stage uses quick action fertilizer, and nursery stock Fast-growing stage, early stage and mid-term adopt nitrogenous fertilizer, later stage adopts phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, fertilizing management is annual nursery stock, and every mu of mu executes N:7kg every year, P
2o
5: 3kg, K
2o:4kg, and adopt a small amount of method repeatedly; Described intertill and clean tillage refers to after the abundant lignification of nursery stock, chemical weed control is carried out in conjunction with loosening the soil, earthing up, weeding every mu is watered 30kg with the haloxyfop-r-methyl 30ml of concentration 10.8% and sprays, be sure not during spraying to be sprayed onto plant and rhizome portion, loosen the soil and weeding combine, carry out when soil compaction in rainfall or after irrigating, loosen the soil annual 4 times, pine soil depth with no seedling injury wood root for principle, ridging choosing after the rain before drought and irrigate, after fertilizing and weeding operation, in time at bed surface training lid layer fine earth; The weak seedling and sick seedling that refer to the overstocked place of removing growth are pruned in described thinning, retain strong sprout, if nursery stock top bifurcated should bud picking in time, the branch staying growing way stronger is decided slightly, coming up, 10 start, last thinning is trimmed to " final singling ", and final singling is carried out when growth of seedling is stablized, and final singling retains strain number 10 strains/m
2;
(9) extermination of disease and insect pest: between annual 7 ~ September, bag moth is prevailing, and spray concentration is d ichlorbenzuron No. 3 1500 times of liquid controls of 25%, also in the winter time or manually can cut period in early spring and pluck worm capsule; 4 ~ May and 9 ~ October aphid prevailing, spray concentration is Imidacloprid 2000 ~ 3000 times of liquid control of 10%; Grub appears at dusk or morning mostly, should spray octyl sulfate or Le Siben control;
(10) outplanting and management: comprise lifting, seedling sorting, nursery stock quarantine and packaging, transport, the lifting time determined according to the planting season, accomplish with cultivation with rising, root system straight and upright according to stem is good and nursery stock is divided into one-level, secondary and three grades without damage by disease and insect three features, and wherein; ground footpath≤1.5cm, seedling is high≤and 150cm is one-level nursery stock; Between leading thread 1.2 ~ 1.49cm, be secondary nursery stock between height of seedling 120 ~ 149cm; Leading thread <1.2cm, height of seedling <120cm are one-level nursery stock; Nursery stock will carry out the quarantine of damage by disease and insect before going out garden, guarantees the high-quality of nursery stock, high-servival rate; Nursery stock after classification is tied up in time, and numbering, avoids direct wind or Exposure to Sunlight in transportation.
embodiment two
With embodiment one unlike:
(3) selection of nursery lot: nursery lot need the soil is porous, deep, well-drained light loam;
(4) the whole work of nursery lot and pretreatment: every mu of nursery lot executes the pig cow dung 1800kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed when whole ground, and become thoroughly decomposed dish cake 200kg, superphosphate 50kg, the wide 1.2m in seedbed, high 28cm;
(5) pretreatment before planting seed: dry 9 under seed being placed on the condition of 6 DEG C, for subsequent use;
(6) planting seed: the sowing time is annual late Febuary, seeding quantity every mu 8kg, sowing line space 30cm, furrow width 10cm, and adopt loam to cover, thickness 0.5cm;
(7) bud period management is planted: frame height 2.1m;
(8) seedling management: described intertill and clean tillage weeding every mu is watered 35kg with the haloxyfop-r-methyl 40ml of concentration 10.8% and sprays, it is within 12nd, start coming up that described thinning is pruned, and final singling retains strain number 12 strains/m
2.
embodiment three
With embodiment one unlike:
(1) the gathering of seed: the gathering of seed adopts nature to come off the method for collecting;
(2) process of seed and storage: seed is laid in room ventilation place and naturally dries 3;
(3) selection of nursery lot: choose traffic convenience, have abundant water resources, supply of electric power puts in place, physical features is smooth, leeward on the sunny side and draining easily expert vegetable grower as nursery lot;
(4) the whole work of nursery lot and pretreatment: turn in time after expert vegetable grower ground lifting, spring maiden work bed, not continuous cropping, and every mu of nursery lot executes the pig cow dung 2000kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed when turning over whole ground, become thoroughly decomposed dish cake 220kg, superphosphate 60kg, the wide 1.5m in seedbed, high 30cm;
(5) pretreatment before planting seed: seed is soaked seed 3 in warm water, dries 8 under finally seed being placed on the condition of 8 DEG C, for subsequent use;
(6) planting seed: the sowing time is annual early March, seeding quantity every mu 10kg, sowing line space 35cm, furrow width 12cm, and adopt baked wheaten cake soil to cover, thickness 0.6cm;
(7) plant bud period management: frame height 2.5m, take off to cover the careless selection of time cloudy day or divide at dusk and carry out for 3 times, keep bed surface moistening;
(8) seedling management: fertilizing management be two to perennial nursery stock every year every mu execute N:15 ~ 20kg, P
2o
5: 6 ~ 8kg, K
2o:8 ~ 10kg, and topdress every year 3 ~ 4 times; Described intertill and clean tillage every mu is watered 40kg with the haloxyfop-r-methyl 45ml of concentration 10.8% and sprays, and it is within 15th, start coming up that described thinning is pruned, and final singling retains strain number 15 strains/m
2.
The foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention; those of ordinary skill in the art it is to be appreciated that above-described embodiment is not as limitation of the invention; every various equivalent transformations utilizing description of the present invention to do, all within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a breeding method for beech tree high quality seedling, the method comprises the following steps:
(1) the gathering of seed: choose robust growth between annual October ~ November, dryness is good and gather as Zelkova schneideriana seeds acquisition target without the excellent beech tree elite stand in 20 ~ 50 years adult standing forests of damage by disease and insect;
(2) process of seed and storage: impurity elimination process is carried out to the Zelkova schneideriana seeds of having gathered in step (1), naturally 2 ~ 3 are dried, carry out selection by winnowing again, Zelkova schneideriana seeds water content control is between 0 ~ 13%, then the Zelkova schneideriana seeds processed is loaded ventilative receptacle, and be placed on room ventilation drying place's storage;
(3) selection of nursery lot: choose traffic convenience, have abundant water resources, supply of electric power puts in place, physical features is smooth, leeward on the sunny side and draining ground threshing is as nursery lot easily, and nursery lot needs that the soil is porous, deep sandy loam or light loam;
(4) the whole work of nursery lot and pretreatment: the nursery lot that step (3) chooses carries out wholely in the winter time, and while whole ground, apply fertilizer and to disinfecting soil process; Refer to that farmland changes nursery lot wholely, turn over winter and freeze solarization, next year adopts flat rake that nursery lot is harrowed work bed of carefully raking by the end of February, if expert vegetable grower ground, turns in time after lifting, spring maiden work bed, not continuous cropping, and seedbed is East and West direction, wide 1 ~ 1.5m, high 25 ~ 30cm; During whole ground, every mu of nursery lot executes the pig cow dung 1500 ~ 2000kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, and become thoroughly decomposed dish cake 180 ~ 220kg, superphosphate 40 ~ 60kg, to carry out disinfection sterilizing to the nursery soil spray concentration copperas solution that is 1 ~ 3%;
(5) pretreatment before planting seed: select the seed of storage in the described step (2) of purity more than 90% first to use clear water process, then soak seed 2 ~ 3 in warm water, dry 8 ~ 10 under finally seed being placed on the condition of 4 ~ 8 DEG C, for subsequent use;
(6) planting seed: the seed that in step (5), pretreatment is good is selected to sow in spring, time is between annual mid-February to early March, the mode of drilling is adopted to sow, seeding quantity every mu 6 ~ 8kg, sowing line space 25 ~ 35cm, furrow width 8 ~ 12cm, and adopt earthing cover and cover careless moisturizing;
(7) plant bud period management: seed puts up frame before being unearthed, between frame height 1.7m ~ 2.5m, and according to change covered with sunshade net on frame of temperature, when kind of bud be unearthed 40 ~ 50% time throw off and cover grass;
(8) seedling management: comprise water and fertilizer management, intertill and clean tillage and thinning and prune; Wherein, described water and fertilizer management adopts furrow irrigation, and when center, seedbed is slightly wet and draining, the seedling growth initial stage uses quick action fertilizer, and nursery stock Fast-growing stage, early stage and mid-term adopt nitrogenous fertilizer, later stage employing phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer; Described intertill and clean tillage refers to after the abundant lignification of nursery stock, carries out chemical weed control in conjunction with loosening the soil, earthing up; The weak seedling and sick seedling that refer to the overstocked place of removing growth are pruned in described thinning, if nursery stock top bifurcated should bud picking in time; If the annual nursery stock of fertilizing management every year every mu of mu executes N:7kg, P
2o
5: 3kg, K
2o:4kg, and adopt a small amount of method repeatedly; If two to perennial nursery stock every year every mu execute N:15 ~ 20kg, P
2o
5: 6 ~ 8kg, K
2o:8 ~ 10kg, and topdress every year 3 ~ 4 times;
(9) extermination of disease and insect pest: between 7 ~ September, spray concentration is d ichlorbenzuron No. 3 1500 times liquid prevention and cure bag moths of 25%, also in the winter time or manually can cut period in early spring and pluck worm capsule; 4 ~ May and 9 ~ October spray concentration be 10% Imidacloprid 2000 ~ 3000 times of liquid anti-to eliminate aphis; Every day dusk or spray octyl sulfate or Le Siben control of grubs morning;
(10) outplanting and management: comprise lifting, seedling sorting, nursery stock quarantine and packaging, transport, the lifting time determined according to the planting season.
2. the breeding method of beech tree high quality seedling according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step (1), gathering of seed adopts intercepting fruit branch or the collection that naturally comes off, and gathers when beech tree fruit turns yellowish-brown by dark green.
3. the breeding method of beech tree high quality seedling according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step (6), earthing adopts loam or burns soil and covers, thickness 0.4 ~ 0.6cm.
4. the breeding method of beech tree high quality seedling according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: step (8) intertill and clean tillage every mu concentration be 10.8% haloxyfop-r-methyl 30 ~ 45ml be watered 30 ~ 40kg and spray, loosen the soil and weeding combine, loosen the soil annual 4 ~ 6 times, ridging choosing after the rain before drought and irrigate, after fertilizing and weeding operation, in time at bed surface training lid layer fine earth.
5. the breeding method of beech tree high quality seedling according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in step (8), thinning is pruned in the beginning on the 10th ~ 15 that comes up, and last thinning is trimmed to " final singling ", final singling retains strain number 10 ~ 15 strains/m
2.
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| CN110915534A (en) * | 2019-12-18 | 2020-03-27 | 句容市乡土树种研究所 | Method for cultivating local tree species melia azedarach |
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| CN104145703A (en) * | 2014-08-29 | 2014-11-19 | 张纪林 | Seedling culturing method capable of preventing trunk of zelkova schneideriana from bending |
| CN104620811B (en) * | 2015-01-23 | 2017-05-10 | 交城县青木农林科技有限公司 | Method for cultivating landscaping white bark pines in mountainous area of semi-arid region |
| CN105393868B (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2018-06-29 | 于志伟 | A kind of zelkova schneideriana ecological breeding method |
| CN105191656A (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2015-12-30 | 于志伟 | Zelkova serrata field cutting propagation method |
| CN105850647B (en) * | 2016-05-16 | 2018-09-07 | 南京红森苗木有限公司 | A kind of zelkova schneideriana is grown thickly breeding method |
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