CN110800550A - Seedling cultivation method for goldenrain tree - Google Patents
Seedling cultivation method for goldenrain tree Download PDFInfo
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- CN110800550A CN110800550A CN201911309876.3A CN201911309876A CN110800550A CN 110800550 A CN110800550 A CN 110800550A CN 201911309876 A CN201911309876 A CN 201911309876A CN 110800550 A CN110800550 A CN 110800550A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a seedling cultivation method of goldenrain trees, which selects excellent single plants with good growth, straight stem shape, wide crown and strong age as seed collecting mother trees, and collects the seeds when the fruits show reddish brown or orange color and capsules are not cracked; collecting fruits, removing pericarp and fruit stalk, cracking capsule, threshing, screening, sterilizing the obtained seeds, placing in germination accelerating agent, taking out, and storing in wet sand; and (4) taking out the stored seeds, performing pregermination treatment, sowing the seeds in a prepared seedbed, and performing water and fertilizer management, pest control and thinning and pruning in the later period. The method can greatly improve the rate of emergence and reduce the using amount of seeds by pretreating the goldenrain tree seeds.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of forestry planting, and particularly relates to a seedling raising and cultivating method of goldenrain trees.
Background
The goldenrain tree is tree species of goldenrain of Sapindaceae, with dense branches and leaves and beautiful tree shape. The tender leaves of the goldenrain tree are red in spring, the leaves turn yellow in autumn, the fruit is purplish red, the shape of the goldenrain tree is similar to a lantern, the goldenrain tree is very beautiful, the goldenrain tree blooms in summer, the goldenrain tree is golden yellow and is spectacular, the goldenrain tree is suitable for being used as a shade tree, a street tree and a garden tree, and the goldenrain tree can also be used as a protection forest, a water and soil conservation tree and a.
The goldenrain tree has less pest and disease damage, easy cultivation and management, and deep and moist soil is the most suitable for cultivation. At present, seeding propagation is mainly used, tillering or root cutting is also available, and a main root and a thick lateral root are properly cut during transplanting, so that multiple fibrous roots can be promoted, and survival is easy. Harvesting when the fruit is ripe in autumn, airing in time to remove the shell, but the seed coat is hard and not easy to permeate water, and if the seed coat is not treated, the seed coat does not germinate when being sowed in spring in the next year; because the emergence rate of goldenrain tree seeds is low, the seed consumption is large, and the seeding amount reaches 30-40 kg/mu.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems of low emergence rate and large seed consumption of goldenrain tree sowing and breeding seeds in the prior art, the invention provides a goldenrain tree seedling culture method, which can greatly improve the emergence rate and reduce the seed consumption by pretreating goldenrain tree seeds.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical means:
a seedling cultivation method for goldenrain trees comprises the following steps:
step 1, selecting a good single plant which grows well, is dry and straight, has a broad crown and is in a strong age as a seed collecting mother tree, and collecting the good single plant when fruits show reddish brown or orange yellow and capsules are not cracked;
step 2, removing peel and fruit stalks of fruits after the fruits are collected, knocking and threshing after capsules are cracked, screening seeds, sterilizing the obtained seeds, soaking the seeds in a germination accelerating agent with the weight 3-5 times of the seeds at the temperature of 40-50 ℃ for 20-30min, taking out the seeds, and storing the seeds in wet sand, wherein the water content of the wet sand is 15-20%;
step 3, selecting sandy loam with loose soil, good drainage, low underground water level and fertile soil as a garden, and applying base fertilizer with the application amount of 2000-2Leveling the nursery land with a fine rake to obtain a seedbed with the width of 120cm and the height of 20-25 cm;
step 4, taking out the seeds stored in the step 2, soaking the seeds in water at 40-60 ℃ for 20-30min, taking out the seeds, soaking the seeds in a germination accelerating agent with the weight of 3-5 times of the seeds at 40-50 ℃ for 20-30min, performing microwave treatment, sowing the seeds in the seedbed in the step 3, wherein the sowing amount is 10-15 kg/mu, covering the seeds with loose and fine crushed soil in time after sowing, covering the seedbed with clean straws and watering the seedbed thoroughly;
and 5, managing the seedling stage, including water and fertilizer management, pest control and thinning and pruning.
Furthermore, the germination accelerating agent is prepared by adding 800-1200mg of gibberellin, 50-100mg of glutamic acid, 100-200mg of urea, 20-40mg of molybdenum sulfate and 1225-50 mg of vitamin B into 1kg of water and mixing.
Further, in the step 2, 17% hydrogen peroxide solution is adopted to disinfect the seeds, and the disinfection time is 3-5 min.
Further, the base fertilizer in the step 3 is a mixture of 1500-2000kg of decomposed pig and cattle manure, 180-220kg of decomposed vegetable cake, 20-50kg of waste tobacco leaves and 40-60kg of calcium superphosphate.
Further, the microwave treatment in the step 4 is to perform microwave treatment on the soaked seeds and the germination accelerating agent together, wherein the conditions of the microwave treatment are 500-600W and 20-30 min.
Furthermore, in step 4, straw scraps need to be mixed into the seedbed before sowing.
Aiming at the fact that seed coats of goldenrain tree seeds are hard and not easy to permeate water, and the goldenrain tree seeds do not germinate or have low germination rate when sowed in spring in the second year, the goldenrain tree seeds are pretreated after seed collection and are further subjected to germination accelerating treatment before sowing, compared with the conventional germination accelerating procedure, the goldenrain tree germination accelerating method has the advantages that the seed quality is remarkably improved, the germination accelerating time is greatly shortened, the germination rate is improved, the goldenrain tree trees grown are attractive in appearance, and the survival rate is high; the method is scientific, easy to operate, high in quality and strong in cultivated seedling, suitable for high-yield afforestation and high in economic benefit.
Detailed Description
The following examples further illustrate the present invention but are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Modifications or substitutions to methods, procedures, or conditions of the invention may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The experimental methods and reagents of the formulations not specified in the examples are in accordance with the conventional conditions in the art.
Example 1
A seedling cultivation method for goldenrain trees comprises the following steps:
step 1, harvesting of seeds: the goldenrain tree fruits are ripe in 9-10 months, and excellent single plants which are good in growth, straight in dry shape, wide in crown and strong in age are selected as seed collecting mother trees, and the goldenrain tree fruits are collected when the fruits show reddish brown or orange yellow and capsules are not cracked, or the goldenrain tree fruits fall off automatically. But the seeds are not suitable to be harvested too early, otherwise, the germination rate of the seeds is low.
Step 2, seed treatment and storage: collecting fruit, removing peel and stem, air drying or spreading in the shade, cracking capsule, threshing, and cleaning seed by screening. Soaking the obtained black seeds in 17% hydrogen peroxide solution for 1min for disinfection, taking out, cleaning, soaking in germination accelerating agent at 40 deg.C for 20min, taking out, and storing in wet sand with water content of 15%.
The germination accelerating agent is prepared by adding 800mg of gibberellin, 80mg of glutamic acid, 140mg of urea, 20mg of molybdenum sulfate and 1235mg of vitamin B into 1kg of water and mixing.
Step 3, selecting and integrating nursery lands: selecting sandy loam with loose soil, good drainage, low underground water level and fertile soil as a nursery, applying 1500-2000kg of decomposed pig and cattle manure, 220kg of decomposed vegetable cake, 20-50kg of waste tobacco and 40-60kg of calcium superphosphate, finely raking and leveling the nursery to obtain a seedbed with the width of 120cm and the height of 20-25 cm.
And 4, accelerating germination of seeds and sowing: and (3) taking out the seeds stored in the step (2), soaking the seeds in water at 40-60 ℃ for 20-30min, taking out the seeds, soaking the seeds in a germination accelerating agent with the weight 5 times that of the seeds at 40 ℃ for 30min, and carrying out microwave treatment on the seeds and the germination accelerating agent together under the conditions of 500W and 30min after the soaking treatment is finished. And (3) taking out seeds, washing the seeds with clean water, sowing the seeds in the seedbed in the step (3) in 3 months in spring, mixing straw scraps into the seedbed in advance to improve the ground temperature and keep the soil moisture, wherein the sowing amount is 10 kg/mu, the sowing row spacing is 25cm, and the furrow width is 8 cm. After sowing, the seeds are covered by loose and fine crushed soil in time, and the seedbed is covered by clean straws and watered thoroughly. Preventing growth of weeds and soil hardening, and removing straws after about 20 days.
The germination accelerating agent is prepared by adding 800mg of gibberellin, 80mg of glutamic acid, 140mg of urea, 20mg of molybdenum sulfate and 1235mg of vitamin B into 1kg of water and mixing.
And 5, managing the seedling stage, including water and fertilizer management, pest control and thinning and pruning.
After seedlings come out of the soil and grow roots, the seedlings are frequently fertilized in combination with watering. In the vigorous growth period of the year, quick-acting fertilizer mainly containing nitrogen is applied to promote the vegetative growth of plants. In autumn, the application of nitrogen fertilizer is stopped, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are additionally applied, so that the lignification degree of plants is improved, and the cold resistance of seedlings is improved. In winter, farmyard organic fertilizer is preferably applied as base fertilizer, which not only provides persistent nutrients for seedling growth, but also plays roles in preserving heat and improving soil. Along with the growth of the nursery stock, the fertilizing amount needs to be gradually increased so as to meet the requirement of the nursery stock on nutrients. The first topdressing amount is less, 2500g to 3000g of nitrogen fertilizer is applied to each mu, and the fertilizer amount can be slightly larger after applying the fertilizer once every 15 days.
Thinning pruning means removing weak seedlings and diseased seedlings at the over-dense part, keeping strong seedlings, and if the top ends of the seedlings are branched, timely bud picking is carried out, and branches with strong growth vigor are kept as main points.
Example 2
A seedling cultivation method for goldenrain trees comprises the following steps:
step 1, harvesting of seeds: the goldenrain tree fruits are ripe in 9-10 months, and excellent single plants which are good in growth, straight in dry shape, wide in crown and strong in age are selected as seed collecting mother trees, and the goldenrain tree fruits are collected when the fruits show reddish brown or orange yellow and capsules are not cracked, or the goldenrain tree fruits fall off automatically. But the seeds are not suitable to be harvested too early, otherwise, the germination rate of the seeds is low.
Step 2, seed treatment and storage: collecting fruit, removing peel and stem, air drying or spreading in the shade, cracking capsule, threshing, and cleaning seed by screening. Soaking the obtained black seeds in 17% hydrogen peroxide solution for 1min for disinfection, taking out, cleaning, soaking in germination accelerating agent at 50 deg.C for 30min, taking out, and storing in wet sand with water content of 18%.
The germination accelerating agent is prepared by adding 1000mg of gibberellin, 50mg of glutamic acid, 170mg of urea, 30mg of molybdenum sulfate and 1225mg of vitamin B into 1kg of water and mixing.
Step 3, selecting and integrating nursery lands: selecting sandy loam with loose soil, good drainage, low underground water level and fertile soil as a nursery, applying 1500-2000kg of decomposed pig and cattle manure, 220kg of decomposed vegetable cake, 20-50kg of waste tobacco and 40-60kg of calcium superphosphate, finely raking and leveling the nursery to obtain a seedbed with the width of 120cm and the height of 20-25 cm.
And 4, accelerating germination of seeds and sowing: and (3) taking out the seeds stored in the step (2), soaking the seeds in water at 40-60 ℃ for 20-30min, taking out the seeds, soaking the seeds in a germination accelerating agent with the weight of 3 times of the seeds at 50 ℃ for 20min, and carrying out microwave treatment on the seeds and the germination accelerating agent together under the conditions of 600W and 20min after the soaking treatment is finished. And (3) taking out seeds, washing the seeds with clean water, sowing the seeds in the seedbed in the step (3) in 3 months in spring, mixing straw scraps into the seedbed in advance to improve the ground temperature and keep the soil moisture, wherein the sowing amount is 10 kg/mu, the sowing row spacing is 25cm, and the furrow width is 8 cm. After sowing, the seeds are covered by loose and fine crushed soil in time, and the seedbed is covered by clean straws and watered thoroughly. Preventing growth of weeds and soil hardening, and removing straws after about 20 days.
The germination accelerating agent is prepared by adding 1000mg of gibberellin, 50mg of glutamic acid, 170mg of urea, 30mg of molybdenum sulfate and 1225mg of vitamin B into 1kg of water and mixing.
And 5, managing the seedling stage, including water and fertilizer management, pest control and thinning and pruning.
After seedlings come out of the soil and grow roots, the seedlings are frequently fertilized in combination with watering. In the vigorous growth period of the year, quick-acting fertilizer mainly containing nitrogen is applied to promote the vegetative growth of plants. In autumn, the application of nitrogen fertilizer is stopped, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are additionally applied, so that the lignification degree of plants is improved, and the cold resistance of seedlings is improved. In winter, farmyard organic fertilizer is preferably applied as base fertilizer, which not only provides persistent nutrients for seedling growth, but also plays roles in preserving heat and improving soil. Along with the growth of the nursery stock, the fertilizing amount needs to be gradually increased so as to meet the requirement of the nursery stock on nutrients. The first topdressing amount is less, 2500g to 3000g of nitrogen fertilizer is applied to each mu, and the fertilizer amount can be slightly larger after applying the fertilizer once every 15 days.
Thinning pruning means removing weak seedlings and diseased seedlings at the over-dense part, keeping strong seedlings, and if the top ends of the seedlings are branched, timely bud picking is carried out, and branches with strong growth vigor are kept as main points.
By adopting the method, the germination rate of the goldenrain tree seeds can reach 85-90 percent, the emergence rate is high, and the seeding amount is low.
Aiming at the fact that seed coats of goldenrain tree seeds are hard and not easy to permeate water, and the goldenrain tree seeds do not germinate or have low germination rate when sowed in spring in the second year, the goldenrain tree seeds are pretreated after seed collection and are further subjected to germination accelerating treatment before sowing, compared with the conventional germination accelerating procedure, the goldenrain tree germination accelerating method has the advantages that the seed quality is remarkably improved, the germination accelerating time is greatly shortened, the germination rate is improved, the goldenrain tree trees grown are attractive in appearance, and the survival rate is high; the method is scientific, easy to operate, high in quality and strong in cultivated seedling, suitable for high-yield afforestation and high in economic benefit.
Claims (6)
1. A seedling cultivation method of goldenrain trees is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, selecting a good single plant which grows well, is dry and straight, has a broad crown and is in a strong age as a seed collecting mother tree, and collecting the good single plant when fruits show reddish brown or orange yellow and capsules are not cracked;
step 2, removing peel and fruit stalks of fruits after the fruits are collected, knocking and threshing after capsules are cracked, screening seeds, sterilizing the obtained seeds, soaking the seeds in a germination accelerating agent with the weight 3-5 times of the seeds at the temperature of 40-50 ℃ for 20-30min, taking out the seeds, and storing the seeds in wet sand, wherein the water content of the wet sand is 15-20%;
step 3, selecting sandy loam with loose soil, good drainage, low underground water level and fertile soil as a garden, and applying base fertilizer with the application amount of 2000-2Leveling the nursery land with a fine rake to obtain a seedbed with the width of 120cm and the height of 20-25 cm;
step 4, taking out the seeds stored in the step 2, soaking the seeds in water at 40-60 ℃ for 20-30min, taking out the seeds, soaking the seeds in a germination accelerating agent with the weight of 3-5 times of the seeds at 40-50 ℃ for 20-30min, performing microwave treatment, sowing the seeds in the seedbed in the step 3, wherein the sowing amount is 10-15 kg/mu, covering the seeds with loose and fine crushed soil in time after sowing, covering the seedbed with clean straws and watering the seedbed thoroughly;
and 5, managing the seedling stage, including water and fertilizer management, pest control and thinning and pruning.
2. A seedling raising and cultivating method of goldenrain tree according to claim 1, characterized in that: the germination accelerating agent is prepared by adding 800-1200mg of gibberellin, 50-100mg of glutamic acid, 100-200mg of urea, 20-40mg of molybdenum sulfate and 1225-50 mg of vitamin B into 1kg of water and mixing.
3. A seedling raising and cultivating method of goldenrain tree according to claim 1, characterized in that: and 2, disinfecting the seeds by adopting 17% hydrogen peroxide solution for 3-5 min.
4. A seedling raising and cultivating method of goldenrain tree according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 3, the base fertilizer is a mixture of 1500-2000kg of decomposed pig and cattle manure, 180-220kg of decomposed vegetable cake, 20-50kg of waste tobacco leaves and 40-60kg of calcium superphosphate.
5. A seedling raising and cultivating method of goldenrain tree according to claim 1, characterized in that: the microwave treatment in the step 4 is to perform microwave treatment on the soaked seeds and the germination accelerating agent together, wherein the conditions of the microwave treatment are 500-600W and 20-30 min.
6. A seedling raising and cultivating method of goldenrain tree according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 4, straw scraps need to be mixed into the seedbed before sowing.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112020932A (en) * | 2020-09-11 | 2020-12-04 | 长春大学 | Koelreuteria paniculata seedling growing method in cold area |
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Application publication date: 20200218 |