CN111631091B

CN111631091B - Interplanting method for cabbage, eggplant and green beans

Info

Publication number: CN111631091B
Application number: CN202010552483.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 程淑红; 周艳波; 汤海军; 郑君
Original assignee: Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center Of Xinhe Town Pizhou City
Current assignee: Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center Of Xinhe Town Pizhou City
Priority date: 2020-06-17
Filing date: 2020-06-17
Publication date: 2022-02-18
Anticipated expiration: 2040-06-17
Also published as: CN111631091A

Abstract

The invention discloses an interplanting method of cabbage eggplant beans, which comprises interplanting stubble arrangement, cabbage seedling raising, transplanting, field planting and cultivation, eggplant seedling raising, transplanting, field planting and cultivation, cowpea seed soaking, dibbling and cultivation, wherein cabbage is sown and raised in 10 middle ten days of the first year, is transplanted and field planting in 11 last ten days of the month, and is harvested in 2 middle ten days to 3 last ten days of the second year; sowing and raising seedlings of eggplants in the first 12 th ten days of the month, transplanting and planting in the second 2 th last ten days of the month, and harvesting from the middle and last 4 th to 7 th last ten days of the month; and (4) sowing cowpeas after accelerating germination in 6 middle of month in the next year, and harvesting in 8 middle of month to 10 last month. The invention realizes the annual ecological cycle mode of the cabbages, the eggplants and the cowpeas by reasonably arranging crops for rotation, has positive effects on adjusting soil fertility, ridging and fixing nitrogen, improves the crop yield and improves the economic benefit.

Description

Interplanting method for cabbage, eggplant and green beans

Technical Field

The invention relates to an interplanting method of cabbage, eggplant and green beans, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting.

Background

The single planting of certain vegetables and fruits in the greenhouse is easier, and the planting technology is also easier to learn. The cabbage is also named as golden early-growing cabbage, belongs to biennial herbaceous plants, has strong adaptability, easy cultivation, transportation resistance, high application value and wide edible range, is an important vegetable generally planted in various places of China, and plays an important role in vegetable cultivation and supply; the eggplants belong to annual herbaceous plants, are typical vegetables, are rich in nutrient substances such as vitamin P and the like, have certain preventive effects on preventing and treating hypertension, atherosclerosis, hemoptysis, purpura, scurvy and the like after being frequently eaten, have strong adaptability and high yield, and can be generally cultivated in various places of China; the cowpea is an annual winding herbaceous plant, is one of main high-protein bean vegetables in China, has vigorous stem growth, needs to build a support during cultivation, has bean pods of 20-90 cm in length, less fiber on the pod walls and more swollen and tender seed parts, is a high-quality vegetable, can generate root nodules with rhizobia in soil when the root system of the cowpea grows in the soil, and achieves the purposes of fixing nitrogen and fertilizing soil fertility through the root nodules. Cabbage, eggplant, beans generally adopt the mode of separately planting in the big-arch shelter, and big-arch shelter and land utilization are low, and ecological benefit is low, and output benefit is low, is unfavorable for peasant's income increase to become rich. In order to fully improve the utilization rate of greenhouse and land, improve the soil fertility, ensure the crop yield and improve the economic benefit, the interplanting cultivation technology of the cabbage, the eggplants and the green bean in the greenhouse is provided, the differences exist in the cultivation methods and technologies of the cabbage, the eggplants and the green bean, how to scientifically and reasonably configure the water, fertilizer, temperature and humidity conditions and the key problem of interplanting cultivation of the cabbage, the eggplants and the green bean is solved.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides the interplanting method of the cabbage, the eggplants and the cowpeas, which realizes the annual ecological cycle mode of the cabbage, the eggplants and the cowpeas by reasonably arranging stubble, has positive effects on soil fertility regulation, soil culture and nitrogen fixation, improves the crop yield and improves the economic benefit.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the interplanting method of the cabbage, eggplant and green beans is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1 interplanting stubble arrangement: sowing and raising seedlings of the cabbage in 10 middle of the month in the first year, transplanting and planting in 11 last ten days, and harvesting in 2 middle to 3 last days of the second year; sowing and raising seedlings of eggplants in the first 12 th ten days of the month, transplanting and planting in the second 2 th last ten days of the month, and harvesting from the middle and last 4 th to 7 th last ten days of the month; the cowpeas are sown after germination accelerating in 6 middle of month in the next year, and harvested in 8 middle of month to 10 last month;

s2 cabbage cultivation: 1) land preparation and fertilization: selecting a field with dry and flat topography and good drainage, building a greenhouse according to the land, applying 2500-3000 kg/mu of thoroughly decomposed chicken and duck manure, 30-35 kg/mu of humic acid bacterial manure, 20-25 kg/mu of ammonium sulfate fertilizer, 60-65 kg/mu of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and 12-15 kg/mu of plant ash, spreading, combining harrowing and ploughing, uniformly mixing with soil, and making into 100cm wide ridges, 10-15 cm high ridges and 25cm ridge distance; p is N in NPK compound fertilizer₂O₅:K₂The mass ratio of O is 15:15: 15; 2) transplanting and field planting: planting 1 row of cabbage at a position 30cm away from the ridge edge of each ridge, wherein the row spacing is 40cm, the temperature in the greenhouse is kept at 15-20 ℃ before transplanting and field planting of cabbage seedlings, the ventilation is carried out 3-4 days after field planting, the temperature is kept at 20-25 ℃ in the daytime, and the temperature is kept at 10-15 ℃ at night; 3) intertillage squat seedling: 4-6 days later for seedling recovery, intertillage is carried out without watering, then proper squat seedlings are carried out every 8-10 days, and when the leaves start to embrace after entering the lotus throne, the squat seedlings are finished; 4) and (3) water and fertilizer management: watering after field planting, frequently keeping soil moist, keeping the relative humidity of the soil at 70-75%, performing first topdressing with water after the first intertillage and squat seedlings are planted for 7-9 d, wherein 20-25 kg/mu of urea is obtained, performing second topdressing with water when the spherical leaves start to embrace, reducing the watering times and water amount in the later stage of balling, keeping the relative humidity of the soil at 62-65%, stopping watering 5-6 d before harvesting, and paying attention to remove field accumulated water when the whole growth period meets rain;

s3 eggplant cultivation: 1) transplanting and field planting: transplanting eggplant seedlings when the cabbage plants enter a core-covering period, planting the eggplant seedlings in two rows per ridge, planting the eggplant seedlings among the cabbage plants, wherein the row spacing is 80cm for 1-2 plants per bunch, ventilating after field planting, keeping the cabbage seedlings at 22-27 ℃ in the daytime and 12-15 ℃ at night, and keeping the cabbage seedlings at 25-30 ℃ in the daytime and 15-20 ℃ at night during a fruiting expanding period; 2) intertillage squat seedling: intertillage squat seedlings are carried out 2-3 days after planting and watering, intertillage squat seedlings are properly carried out for 2 times before the Menga is subjected to fruit setting, intertillage squat seedlings are carried out after watering, and squat seedlings are finished when fruits begin to grow rapidly; 3) and (3) water and fertilizer management: watering and seedling revival after field planting, keeping soil moist frequently, keeping the relative humidity of the soil at 62-68%, applying 30-35 kg/mu of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer along with transplanting of eggplant seedlings, and carrying out first timeSpreading decomposed sheep manure 120-130 kg/mu at a position with a ring diameter of 12-15 cm before intertillage and squat, increasing watering times and water quantity after fruit setting of Menga eggplant, keeping the relative humidity of soil at 72-82%, performing first topdressing with water in an eggplant expanding period, performing decomposed sheep manure 140-150 kg/mu and potassium nitrate fertilizer 15-20 kg/mu, performing second topdressing in a four-house bucket expanding period, performing decomposed sheep manure 30-40 kg/mu and potassium nitrate fertilizer 20-25 kg/mu, stopping watering 3-4 d before harvesting, paying attention to removing when meeting rain in the whole growth period, and accumulating water in the field; p is N in NPK compound fertilizer₂O₅:K₂The mass ratio of O is 15:15: 15; 4) removing useless lateral branches: the eggplant is placed before and after the Menga eggplant bears fruit, 2 branch branches in a crotch shape are reserved, and useless lateral branches emitted by axilla of each leaf under the Menga eggplant are removed;

s4 cowpea cultivation: 1) and (3) direct seeding after cowpea seed treatment: dibbling the treated cowpea seeds, wherein each ridge has three rows, small ridges with the width of 10cm and the height of 25-20 cm are respectively formed at the positions 15cm away from the ridge edge, each ridge is internally provided with small ridges with the width of 10cm and the height of 25-20 cm at intervals of 35cm, 1 row of cowpea is dibbled on each small ridge, the row dibbling distance is 30-35 cm, 2-3 seeds are dibbled in each hole, ventilation is carried out after dibbling, the daytime is kept at 27-30 ℃, the nighttime is kept at 18-22 ℃, seedlings can emerge generally after 2-3 days, weak, small and sick cowpea seedlings are removed in time after 1-2 days of growth, 2-3 cowpea seedlings are reserved in each hole, then the daytime is kept at 25-30 ℃, and the nighttime is kept at 15-20 ℃; 2) and (3) water and fertilizer management: before cowpea seeds are sowed, the relative humidity of soil is kept at 72-75%, each row of the cowpea seeds is fertilized with water, the common spreading width is 20-22 cm, the rotten rabbit manure is 130-140 kg/mu and the calcium hydrogen phosphate fertilizer is 10-12 kg/mu, harrowing and ploughing are carried out, watering and fertilizing are carried out for the first time during the growth period of the cowpea seedlings, potassium dihydrogen phosphate fertilizer is 15-20 kg/mu and urea is 10-15 kg/mu, water is properly controlled during the growth period of the cowpea seedlings, a furrow is watered between two small ridges, the relative humidity of the soil is kept at 60-65%, watering and fertilizing are strictly controlled from a tendril-pulling period to flowering and pod-bearing periods, the relative humidity of the soil is kept at 60-65%, more water is needed during the pod-bearing period, the relative humidity of the soil is kept at 75-80%, spraying is carried out once every 12-15 days after flowering, a 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is 3-4 kg/mu, water and fertilizing are carried out for the second time when the first panicle is planted on leaf surfaces, 18-22 kg/mu of NPK compound fertilizer is harvested for the third time with water before harvestingTopdressing, namely 20-25 kg/mu of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and 8-10 kg/mu of potassium sulfate fertilizer, and removing water in the field when meeting rain in the whole growing period; p is N in NPK compound fertilizer₂O₅:K₂The mass ratio of O is 15:15: 15; 3) plant management: the method comprises the following steps of squating before vine pulling of cowpea plants, hanging ropes to guide vines after vine pulling of the cowpea plants is carried out, selecting to guide vines in the afternoon of a sunny day, topping when the cowpea plants grow to 2.3-2.5 m, picking off lateral vines below each flower ear of a main vine, and picking off old leaves and diseased leaves at the base when the cowpea plants grow excessively.

Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps of: 1) seed treatment: selecting full cabbage seeds with consistent sizes, removing the cabbage seeds which are not fully filled, damaged by worm eating and mildewed, drying the cabbage seeds in the sun for 1d in sunny days, soaking the cabbage seeds in 500 times of wettable powder of 25% carbendazim at 20-25 ℃ for 12h, fishing out, cleaning with clear water, soaking the cabbage seeds in clear water at 25-30 ℃ until the seeds are sucked and expanded, fishing out the cabbage seeds, and drying in the shade until the seeds are not sticky to seeds; 2) preparing a matrix: mixing turfy soil and vermiculite serving as base materials, mixing the base materials and decomposed rabbit dung according to a weight ratio of 5:1, adding 50% carbendazim wettable powder into the mixture of the base materials and the decomposed rabbit dung, uniformly mixing, covering with a film, stacking for 1d, sterilizing, adding urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and uniformly mixing to prepare a matrix; wherein, 5g of 50 percent carbendazim wettable powder, 15g of urea and 10g of monopotassium phosphate are added into each kilogram of mixture of the base material and the decomposed rabbit dung; 3) sowing and seedling raising: sowing and raising seedlings in a greenhouse seedling raising shed, selecting a 128-hole tray substrate for raising seedlings, wetting the substrate, filling 3/4 substrate with the volume of a hole into each hole, slightly compacting the substrate, then putting treated cabbage seeds into the holes, wherein each hole has 1 grain, and then paving 2 cm-thick substrate into each hole to cover the seeds; 4) seedling management: after sowing, keeping the temperature at 20-25 ℃ in the daytime and 16-20 ℃ at night, before emergence of seedlings, spraying and watering to keep the relative humidity of a substrate at 90-95%, after aligning seedlings, reducing the watering times and water amount and keeping the relative humidity of the substrate at 75-80%, after aligning seedlings for 3-4 d, spraying a nutrient fertilizer A to perform primary fertilizer supplement, after growing 3-4 main leaves, increasing the watering times and water amount and keeping the relative humidity of the substrate at 82-85%, spraying a nutrient fertilizer C to perform secondary fertilizer supplement, before transplanting and field planting, discharging air for 7-10 d to harden the seedlings, keeping the relative humidity of the substrate at 70-75%, keeping the temperature at 15-20 ℃ in the daytime and keeping the temperature at 12-15 ℃ at night.

Preferably, the method also comprises the following steps of culturing eggplant seedlings: 1) seed treatment: selecting plump eggplant seeds with consistent sizes, removing the eggplant seeds which are not full and damaged by worms and mildewed, exposing the eggplant seeds in the sun for 1d in sunny days, soaking the eggplant seeds in a 25% carbendazim wettable powder solution at 20-25 ℃ for 6h, fishing out, cleaning with clear water, soaking the eggplant seeds in the clear water at 25-30 ℃ for 4-5 h, accelerating germination for 3-4 d at 25-30 ℃, sowing when 75-80% of the eggplant seeds germinate and are exposed to white, moving the eggplant seeds for 1 time at intervals of 8-10 h during accelerating germination, cleaning mucilage on the surfaces of the eggplant seeds with clear water, and then continuing accelerating germination; 2) preparing a matrix: mixing turfy soil and vermiculite serving as base materials, mixing the base materials and decomposed rabbit dung according to a weight ratio of 4:1, adding 50% carbendazim wettable powder into the mixture of the base materials and the decomposed rabbit dung, uniformly mixing, covering with a film, stacking for 1d, sterilizing, adding urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and uniformly mixing to prepare a matrix; wherein, 5g of 50 percent carbendazim wettable powder, 12g of urea and 8g of monopotassium phosphate are added into each kilogram of mixture of the base material and the decomposed rabbit dung; 3) sowing and seedling raising: sowing and raising seedlings in a greenhouse seedling raising shed, selecting and using a tray substrate with 72 holes for raising seedlings, firstly wetting the substrate, then filling 3/4 substrate with the volume of the holes into each hole, slightly compacting the substrate, then putting the treated eggplant seeds into the holes, wherein each hole has 2 grains, and then spreading the substrate with the thickness of 2cm into each hole to cover the seeds; 4) seedling management: after sowing, keeping the temperature at 22-26 ℃, keeping the temperature at 20-25 ℃ in the daytime after the seedlings emerge, keeping the temperature at 15-20 ℃ at night, keeping the relative humidity of a substrate at 65-70% by spraying and watering before emergence of seedlings, reducing the watering times and water amount after growing a first true leaf and keeping the relative humidity of the substrate at 60-65%, spraying a nutrient fertilizer B for primary fertilizer supplement when growing the first true leaf, spraying a nutrient fertilizer D for secondary fertilizer supplement after growing 4-5 true leaves, blowing air for hardening the seedlings 5-7 days before transplantation and field planting, keeping the relative humidity of the substrate at 65-70%, keeping the temperature at 22-25 ℃ in the daytime and keeping the temperature at 14-17 ℃ at night.

Preferably, the method further comprises cowpea seed treatment: selecting full cowpea seeds with consistent sizes before dibbling, removing the cowpea seeds damaged and mildewed by the moths and the unsaturated cowpea seeds, sunning the cowpea seeds for 2 days in sunny days, soaking the cowpea seeds in 1% formalin for 5-8 min for disinfection, then cleaning the cowpea seeds with clear water at 35-40 ℃ until the cowpea seeds are swelled, and fishing out the cowpea seeds and drying the cowpea seeds in shade until the seeds are not sticky to seed.

Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps: harvesting cabbage head compact, wherein the harvesting is carried out in the early morning or in the near evening to avoid high-temperature time periods, and residual plants and leaves of the cabbage are removed in time; the eggplants are harvested after being mature, and old leaves, yellow leaves and diseased leaves at the lower parts of the plants can be removed along with the harvest of fruits, so that the ventilation and light transmission conditions are improved, the occurrence of diseases is reduced, and the eggplants without fruits are removed in time; the cowpea is ripe and harvested, the cowpea is broken from the bottom of the stalk during harvesting, damage to pods is avoided, water is volatilized and color is changed, commodity is reduced, subsequent buds of flower ears are not damaged, the pod number per flower ear is increased, yield is improved, tender pods can be properly harvested in advance, seed development is prevented from absorbing a large amount of nutrition to accelerate withered, yellow and premature senility of tendrils, and when the cowpea plants are gradually decayed and harvested, seedling pulling and soil preparation are carried out.

Preferably, pest control is also included: 2 black light lamps are arranged per mu to trap and kill noctuid pests; and respectively spraying a 2500-3000 times liquid of 72% agricultural streptomycin, a 500-1000 times liquid of 64% chalcanthite and a 2000 times liquid of 10% imidacloprid during the growth period of the cabbage, the eggplant and the cowpea, and continuously preventing for 2-3 times.

Preferably, the base material comprises turfy soil and vermiculite, and the weight ratio of the turfy soil to the vermiculite is 3: 0.5-0.7.

Preferably, the concentration of the nutrient fertilizer A is 100mg/L N: P₂O₅:K₂A nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer with the mass ratio of O being 20:10: 20; the concentration of the nutrient fertilizer C is 160mg/L N: P₂O₅:K₂The mass ratio of O to N, P and K is 10:15: 20.

Preferably, the concentration of the nutrient fertilizer B is 150mg/L N: P₂O₅:K₂A nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer with the mass ratio of O being 24:16: 18; the concentration of the nutrient fertilizer D is 180mg/L N: P₂O₅:K₂The mass ratio of O to N, P and K is 15:10: 15.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the cabbage, the eggplant and the cowpea are interplanted in the greenhouse, the annual ecological cycle mode is realized through reasonable crop rotation arrangement, the soil and the greenhouse are fully utilized in a limited area, the utilization rate of the soil and the greenhouse is improved, and the economic benefit of farmer planting is improved.

2. The cabbage-eggplant-cowpea reasonable crop rotation cultivation is carried out, the water-fertilizer conditions and the temperature and humidity during the cultivation of the cabbage, the eggplant and the cowpea are scientifically and reasonably configured, the thoroughly decomposed chicken and duck manure, sheep manure and rabbit manure are rich in nutrition, the fertilizer is rich in components such as crude protein, fat, ash, carbohydrate, fiber and the like, the content of elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is high, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium inorganic fertilizers are matched to provide required nutrient elements for crops, the using amount of the fertilizer is reduced, the soil fertility is improved, watering and topdressing are properly controlled according to different growth periods of the crops, proper soil relative humidity is kept in different growth periods of the crops, proper temperature is kept in different growth periods of the crops, the crop yield is improved, and the economic benefit of the crops is improved.

3. The decomposed chicken and duck manure is used as a base fertilizer, soil particles are cemented to form a stable granular structure, soil hardening is prevented, the water retention, fertilizer retention and air permeability of the soil are improved, the soil temperature adjusting capacity is enhanced, the soil quality is improved, the soil fertility is improved, the fertilizer using amount is reduced, and a high-efficiency ecological circulation mode is further provided for interplanting of cabbage, eggplants and cowpeas.

4. Reasonable topdressing is carried out in the growth process of the cabbage, the eggplants and the cowpeas in a mode of topdressing along with water, nutrient elements in the growth process of crops are guaranteed, root nodules are generated on root systems of the cowpeas and rhizobia in soil, positive effects on soil culture and nitrogen fixation are achieved, soil fertility is kept, and the next cabbage-eggplant-cowpeas interplanting cultivation is facilitated.

5. Cabbage and eggplant are planted in a fixed planting mode after greenhouse seedling cultivation, cowpeas are planted in a dibble planting mode, seeds and seedling cultivation substrates are disinfected and sterilized before seeding, meanwhile cabbage seeds and cowpea seeds are soaked in clear water, eggplant seeds are soaked for germination, seedling survival rate is improved, seedling quality is guaranteed, seedlings can be revived as soon as possible after the cabbage and eggplant are planted in a fixed planting mode, and the seedlings can grow well and can be prevented from disease and pest in the future.

6. Cabbage and eggplant are subjected to plug seedling, so that the seed consumption is saved, the growth consistency of plant seedlings is maintained, the root system is not damaged during transplanting, the field planting and seedling revival are rapid, and the survival rate is high; meanwhile, the medium takes turfy soil and vermiculite as base materials, has good air permeability and water retention, has strong fertilizer and water retention capacity, meets nutrient components required by root system development, and avoids loss of nutrients and root system water.

7. The cabbage is harvested from the middle ten days of 2 months to the upper ten days of 3 months, the vegetable price is generally high, the eggplants are ripe from the middle ten days of 4 months to the lower ten days of 7 months, the eggplant price is relatively high, the cowpeas are ripe from the middle ten days of 8 months to the upper ten days of 10 months, the weather is gradually cold, and the vegetable price is high, so that the cabbage, the eggplants and the cowpeas can obtain higher benefits.

Detailed Description

In order to more clearly and completely illustrate the present invention, the following examples are given by way of illustration of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention.

Example 1

Cultivating early-growing golden cabbage seedlings: 1) seed treatment: selecting plump golden early-growing cabbage seeds with consistent sizes in 13 days 10 months in the first year, removing the golden early-growing cabbage seeds damaged and mildewed by the damage of the unsaturated worms, sunning the seeds for 1d in sunny days, soaking the seeds in 25% carbendazim wettable powder at 20-25 ℃ for 12h, fishing out, cleaning with clear water, soaking the seeds in clear water at 25-30 ℃ until the seeds are swelled, and fishing out the golden early-growing cabbage seeds and drying in shade until the seeds are not sticky to seed; 2) preparing a matrix: mixing turfy soil and vermiculite which are in a weight ratio of 3:0.6 as base materials, mixing the base materials and rotten rabbit dung according to a weight ratio of 5:1 within 10 months and 12 days of the first year, adding 50% carbendazim wettable powder into the mixture of the base materials and the rotten rabbit dung, uniformly mixing, covering with a film, stacking and covering for 1d, sterilizing, adding urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and uniformly mixing to prepare a matrix; wherein, 5g of 50 percent carbendazim wettable powder, 15g of urea and 10g of monopotassium phosphate are added into each kilogram of mixture of the base material and the decomposed rabbit dung; 3) sowing and starting seedling culture on 16 days 10 and 16 months in the first year: sowing and raising seedlings in greenhouse seedling raising shed, selecting 128-hole tray substrate for raising seedlings, firstly wetting the substrate, then filling 3/4 substrate with the volume of hole into each hole, slightly compacting, thenThen, the treated golden early-growing sweet blue seeds are put into the holes, 1 particle is placed in each hole, and a substrate with the thickness of 2cm is laid in each hole to cover the seeds; 4) seedling management: after sowing, the temperature is kept at 20-25 ℃ in the daytime and 16-20 ℃ at night, the relative humidity of the matrix is kept at 90-95% by spraying and watering before emergence of seedlings, the watering times and water quantity are reduced after seedling aligning, the relative humidity of the matrix is kept at 75-80%, and a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer (N: P) with the concentration of 100mg/L is sprayed after seedling aligning for 3-4 d₂O₅:K₂O20: 10:20) is subjected to primary fertilizer supplement, the watering times and water quantity are increased after 3-4 true leaves grow out, the relative humidity of a substrate is kept at 82-85%, and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer (N: P) with the concentration of 160mg/L is sprayed₂O₅:K₂O-10: 15:20), and discharging air for hardening seedlings 7-10 days before transplanting and field planting, keeping the relative humidity of a matrix at 70-75%, keeping the temperature at 15-20 ℃ in the daytime and keeping the temperature at 12-15 ℃ at night; before transplanting and field planting, the survival rate of the golden early growing liquorice blue seedlings is 99.2 percent, and the incidence rate is less than 0.3 percent.

Example 2

And (3) cultivating the cabbage seedlings with the beef hearts: 1) seed treatment: selecting plump cabbage seeds with consistent sizes in 10 months and 15 days in the first year, removing the plump cabbage seeds damaged and mildewed by the moths, drying the seeds in the sun for 1d in sunny days, soaking the seeds in 500 times of 25% carbendazim wettable powder at 20-25 ℃ for 12h, fishing out, cleaning with clear water, soaking the seeds in clear water at 25-30 ℃ until the seeds are sucked up, and fishing out the plump cabbage seeds, drying in the shade until the seeds are not sticky to hands, and sowing; 2) preparing a matrix: mixing turfy soil and vermiculite which are in a weight ratio of 3:0.55 as base materials, mixing the base materials and rotten rabbit dung according to a weight ratio of 5:1 within 10 months and 13 days of the first year, adding 50% carbendazim wettable powder into the mixture of the base materials and the rotten rabbit dung, uniformly mixing, covering with a film, stacking and covering for 1d, sterilizing, adding urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and uniformly mixing to prepare a matrix; wherein, 5g of 50 percent carbendazim wettable powder, 15g of urea and 10g of monopotassium phosphate are added into each kilogram of mixture of the base material and the decomposed rabbit dung; 3) sowing and raising seedlings are started at 18 days 10 and 18 months in the first year: sowing and raising seedlings in greenhouse seedling raising shed, selecting 128-hole tray substrate for raising seedlings, firstly wetting the substrate, then placing 3/4 substrate with the volume of holes into each hole and slightly pressingFilling, putting the treated cabbage with 1 particle per hole, and spreading a substrate with the thickness of 2cm in each hole to cover the seeds; 4) seedling management: after sowing, the temperature is kept at 20-25 ℃ in the daytime and 16-20 ℃ at night, the relative humidity of the matrix is kept at 90-95% by spraying and watering before emergence of seedlings, the watering times and water quantity are reduced after seedling aligning, the relative humidity of the matrix is kept at 75-80%, and a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer (N: P) with the concentration of 100mg/L is sprayed after seedling aligning for 3-4 d₂O₅:K₂O20: 10:20) is subjected to primary fertilizer supplement, the watering times and water quantity are increased after 3-4 true leaves grow out, the relative humidity of a substrate is kept at 82-85%, and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer (N: P) with the concentration of 160mg/L is sprayed₂O₅:K₂O-10: 15:20), and discharging air for hardening seedlings 7-10 days before transplanting and field planting, keeping the relative humidity of a matrix at 70-75%, keeping the temperature at 15-20 ℃ in the daytime and keeping the temperature at 12-15 ℃ at night; before transplanting and field planting, the survival rate of the golden cow phyllanthus emblica seedlings is 99.5 percent, and the incidence rate is less than 0.2 percent.

Example 3

Purple-line eggplant seedling cultivation: 1) seed treatment: selecting plump purple-line eggplant seeds with consistent sizes from 12 months and 11 days, removing the purple-line eggplant seeds which are not plump and damaged by moths and mildewed by the plump insects, exposing the purple-line eggplant seeds in the sun for 1 day in sunny days, soaking the purple-line eggplant seeds in 500 times of liquid of 25% carbendazim wettable powder at 20-25 ℃ for 6 hours, fishing out and cleaning the soaked purple-line eggplant seeds with clear water, soaking the purple-line eggplant seeds in clear water at 25-30 ℃ for 4-5 hours, accelerating germination for 3-4 days at 25-30 ℃, sowing when 75-80% of eggplant seeds germinate and become white, moving the purple-line eggplant seeds for 1 time at intervals of 8-10 hours during accelerating germination, cleaning mucilage on the surfaces of the purple-line eggplant seeds with clear water, and then continuing accelerating germination; 2) preparing a matrix: mixing turfy soil and vermiculite which are in a weight ratio of 3:0.5 as base materials at 12 months and 12 days, adding 50% carbendazim wettable powder into the base materials and the decomposed rabbit manure, uniformly mixing, covering with a film, stacking for 1d, sterilizing, adding urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and uniformly mixing to prepare a matrix; wherein, 5g of 50 percent carbendazim wettable powder, 12g of urea and 8g of monopotassium phosphate are added into each kilogram of mixture of the base material and the decomposed rabbit dung; 3) sowing and raising seedlings are started at 18 days 12 and 18 months in the first year: in a greenhouseSowing and raising seedlings in a seedling raising shed, selecting a disk substrate with 72 holes for raising seedlings, wetting the substrate, filling 3/4 substrate with the volume of the hole into each hole, slightly compacting the substrate, then putting the treated solanum torvum seeds into the holes, wherein 2 grains are placed in each hole, and then paving the substrate with the thickness of 2cm in each hole to cover the seeds; 4) seedling management: keeping the temperature at 22-26 ℃ after sowing, keeping the temperature at 20-25 ℃ in the daytime after the seedlings emerge, keeping the temperature at 15-20 ℃ at night, keeping the relative humidity of the matrix at 65-70% before emergence of seedlings by spraying and watering, reducing the watering times and water amount after the first true leaves grow out, keeping the relative humidity of the matrix at 60-65%, and spraying nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer (N: P) with the concentration of 150mg/L when the first true leaves grow out₂O₅:K₂O24: 16:18) is subjected to primary fertilizer supplement, 4-5 true leaves are grown, and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer (N: P) with the concentration of 180mg/L is sprayed₂O₅:K₂O15: 10:15), performing secondary fertilizer supplement, discharging air for hardening seedlings 5-7 days before transplanting and field planting, keeping the relative humidity of a matrix at 65-70%, keeping the temperature at 22-25 ℃ in the daytime and keeping the temperature at 14-17 ℃ at night; before transplanting and field planting, the survival rate of the purple-line eggplant seedlings is 99.4 percent, and the incidence rate is less than 0.2 percent.

Example 4

And (3) culturing the solanum sexmaculatum seedlings: 1) seed treatment: selecting plump purple-line eggplant seeds with consistent sizes in 12 months in the first year, removing the purple-line eggplant seeds which are not plump and damaged by worms and mildewed, exposing the purple-line eggplant seeds for 1d in sunny days, soaking the purple-line eggplant seeds in 25% carbendazim wettable powder at 20-25 ℃ for 6h, fishing out and cleaning the soaked purple-line eggplant seeds with clear water, soaking the purple-line eggplant seeds in clear water at 25-30 ℃ for 4-5 h, accelerating germination for 3-4 d at 25-30 ℃, sowing when 75-80% of eggplant seeds germinate and are exposed to white, moving the purple-line eggplant seeds for 1 time at intervals of 8-10 h during accelerating germination, simultaneously cleaning mucilage on the surfaces of the purple-line eggplant seeds with clear water, and then continuing accelerating germination; 2) preparing a matrix: mixing turfy soil and vermiculite which are in a weight ratio of 3:0.5 as base materials, mixing the base materials and rotten rabbit dung according to a weight ratio of 4:1 within 12 months and 13 days of the first year, adding 50% carbendazim wettable powder into the mixture of the base materials and the rotten rabbit dung, uniformly mixing, covering with a film, stacking and covering for 1d, sterilizing, adding urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and uniformly mixing to prepare a matrix; wherein per kg of base material and rot5g of 50% carbendazim wettable powder, 12g of urea and 8g of monopotassium phosphate are added into the mixture of the cooked rabbit manure; 3) sowing and raising seedlings are started on 19 days 12 and 19 months in the first year: sowing and raising seedlings in a greenhouse seedling raising shed, selecting and using a disk substrate with 72 holes for raising seedlings, firstly wetting the substrate, then filling 3/4 substrate with the volume of the hole into each hole, slightly compacting the substrate, then putting the treated solanum torvum seeds into the holes, wherein each hole has 2 grains, and then spreading the substrate with the thickness of 2cm into each hole to cover the seeds; 4) seedling management: keeping the temperature at 22-26 ℃ after sowing, keeping the temperature at 20-25 ℃ in the daytime after the seedlings emerge, keeping the temperature at 15-20 ℃ at night, keeping the relative humidity of the matrix at 65-70% before emergence of seedlings by spraying and watering, reducing the watering times and water amount after the first true leaves grow out, keeping the relative humidity of the matrix at 60-65%, and spraying nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer (N: P) with the concentration of 150mg/L when the first true leaves grow out₂O₅:K₂O24: 16:18) is subjected to primary fertilizer supplement, 4-5 true leaves are grown, and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer (N: P) with the concentration of 180mg/L is sprayed₂O₅:K₂O15: 10:15), performing secondary fertilizer supplement, discharging air for hardening seedlings 5-7 days before transplanting and field planting, keeping the relative humidity of a matrix at 65-70%, keeping the temperature at 22-25 ℃ in the daytime and keeping the temperature at 14-17 ℃ at night; before transplanting and field planting, the survival rate of the solanum hexapetala seedlings is 99.1 percent, and the incidence rate is less than 0.3 percent.

Example 5

S1 cabbage cultivation: 1) and (3) soil preparation and fertilization are carried out for 11 months to 13-18 days in the first year: selecting a dry, flat and well-drained field, building a greenhouse according to the field, and applying 2750 kg/mu of decomposed chicken and duck manure, 34 kg/mu of humic acid bacterial manure, 25 kg/mu of ammonium sulfate fertilizer and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer (N: P)₂O₅:K₂O15: 15:15)63 kg/mu and 13 kg/mu of plant ash, spreading, combining harrowing and ploughing, uniformly mixing with soil, and making into ridges with the width of 100cm, the height of 10-15 cm and the ridge distance of 25 cm; 2) and selecting the golden early cabbage seedlings cultured in the embodiment 1 for transplantation and field planting in 26 days in 11 months: planting 1 row of cabbage at a distance of 30cm from the ridge edge, wherein the row spacing is 40cm, the temperature in the greenhouse is kept at 15-20 ℃ before transplanting and field planting of the golden early-growing cabbage seedlings, the temperature is kept at 20-25 ℃ in the daytime and kept at 10-15 ℃ at night, and the golden early-growing cabbage seedlings are grown after field planting, and the temperature is kept at 3-4 ℃ after field plantingThe survival rate is 98.7 percent, and the morbidity is less than 0.6 percent; 3) intertillage squat seedling: 4-6 days later for seedling recovery, intertillage is carried out without watering, then proper squat seedlings are carried out every 8-10 days, root development is promoted, and when the leaves start to embrace after entering the lotus throne, the squat seedlings are finished; 4) and (3) water and fertilizer management: watering after field planting, frequently keeping the soil moist, keeping the relative humidity of the soil at 70-75%, performing first topdressing with water after the first intertillage and squat seedling is carried out for 7d, wherein the relative humidity of the urea is 22 kg/mu, performing second topdressing with water when the leaves of the ball begin to embrace, promoting the ball formation by 26 kg/mu of monopotassium phosphate fertilizer and 14 kg/mu of urea, reducing the watering times and water quantity in the later stage of the ball formation, keeping the relative humidity of the soil at 62-65%, preventing the cracking of the leaves caused by overlarge watering, preventing the undersize leaves caused by insufficient water, stopping watering 5d before harvesting to avoid 'ball explosion', and removing field water when rain in the whole growth period occurs; 5) harvesting the Jinzao cabbage after the leaf bulbs are compacted at 17 days 2 months in the next year, wherein the harvesting is carried out in the early morning or in the near evening to avoid the high-temperature period, and the residual plants and leaves of the Jinzao cabbage are removed at 23 days 2 months;

s2 eggplant cultivation: 1) and 2, 7 days in the next year, transplanting and planting the purple-line eggplant seedlings cultured in the embodiment 3: transplanting purple-line eggplant seedlings in a core wrapping period of the cabbage, planting 1-2 cabbage seedlings in each row with row spacing of 80cm in each row in two rows, ventilating after field planting, keeping the temperature of 22-27 ℃ in the daytime and 12-15 ℃ in the nighttime, keeping the temperature of 25-30 ℃ in the daytime and 15-20 ℃ in the nighttime in an expansion period, keeping the survival rate of the purple-line eggplant seedlings after field planting at 99.1 percent, and keeping the morbidity of the purple-line eggplant seedlings less than 0.5 percent; 2) intertillage squat seedling: intertillage squat seedlings are carried out 2-3 days after planting and watering, soil in the field is loose, soil temperature is favorably improved, root system growth is promoted, intertillage squat seedlings are properly carried out for 2 times before Menga eggplant bears fruits, the eggplant leaves have large plant height, transplanted seedling roots are not deeply buried, in order to prevent soil hardening, intertillage is carried out before plant closure, the plant is prevented from lodging by combining with earthing up, intertillage squat seedlings are carried out after watering, and squat seedlings are finished when fruits begin to rapidly grow; 3) and (3) water and fertilizer management: watering and seedling recovering after field planting, keeping soil moist frequently, keeping relative humidity of the soil at 62-68%, and applying nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer (N: P) along with transplanting of purple eggplant seedlings₂O₅:K₂O15: 15:15)33 kg/muSpreading 128 kg/mu of thoroughly decomposed sheep manure at a position with a ring diameter of 12-15 cm before first intertillage and squat seedlings, increasing watering times and water quantity after fruit setting of Menga eggplant, paying attention to water drainage in rainy seasons, watering in the morning and at night in summer, keeping the relative humidity of soil at 72-82%, performing first topdressing with water in an eggplant expanding period, performing 140 kg/mu of thoroughly decomposed sheep manure and 15 kg/mu of potassium nitrate fertilizer, performing second topdressing in a four-house bucket expanding period, performing 32 kg/mu of thoroughly decomposed sheep manure and 23 kg/mu of potassium nitrate fertilizer, stopping watering 3d before harvesting, paying attention to removal in the whole growing period when rain occurs, and accumulating water in the field; 4) removing useless lateral branches: the eggplant is placed before and after the Menga eggplant bears fruits, 2 branch branches in a crotch shape are reserved, useless lateral branches emitted by axilla of each leaf under the Menga eggplant are removed, so that the nutrition consumption is reduced, and ventilation and light transmission are facilitated; 5) the purple linear eggplant begins to mature and is harvested at 4 months and 20 days in the second year, old leaves, yellow leaves and diseased leaves at the lower part of the plant can be removed along with the harvest of fruits, the ventilation and light transmission conditions are improved, the occurrence of diseases is reduced, and the purple linear eggplant plants without fruits are removed at 5 months and 2 days in the second year;

s3 cowpea cultivation: 1) and (3) direct seeding after cowpea seed treatment: processing cowpea seeds at 12 days 6 months in the next year, selecting the cowpea seeds with consistent and plump sizes before dibbling, removing the cowpea seeds with the cowpea oil which are not fully filled with insects and damaged and mildewed, sunning the cowpea seeds for 2 days in sunny days, soaking the cowpea seeds for 5-8 min by 1% formalin, cleaning the cowpea seeds by clean water, soaking the cowpea seeds in clean water at 35-40 ℃ until the cowpea seeds are sucked and expanded, fishing out the cowpea oil seeds, drying the cowpea seeds in the shade until the seeds are not sticky to hand, dibbling the processed cowpea oil seeds, three lines per ridge, small ridges with the width of 10cm and the height of 25-20 cm and arranged at the positions 15cm away from the edge of each ridge, small ridges with the width of 10cm and the height of 25-20 cm and arranged at the positions 35cm inward, dibbling 1 line of cowpea oil on each small ridge, the row spacing of 30-35 cm, dibbling 2-3 seeds in each hole, ventilating after dibbling, keeping the cowpea seeds at the daytime and keeping the temperature of 18-30 ℃ at 18 ℃ at night, generally, and growing cowpea seedlings at 2-3 d in time, The survival rate of small and diseased cowpea seedlings is 98.8%, the morbidity is less than 0.7%, eggplant plants can shade the cowpea seedlings, the cowpea seedlings are prevented from dying by sun, 2-3 cowpea seedlings are left in each hole, then the cowpea seedlings are kept at 25-30 ℃ in the daytime and kept at 15-20 ℃ at night; 2) and (3) water and fertilizer management: before the cowpea seeds are dibbled, the relative humidity of soil is kept at 72-75%, and the cowpea seeds are dibbledFertilizing each row of beans, wherein the common spreading width is 20-22 cm, decomposed rabbit manure is 135 kg/mu and calcium hydrogen phosphate fertilizer is 12 kg/mu, harrowing is performed, first water-accompanying topdressing is performed during the growth period of cowpea seedlings, 17 kg/mu of potassium dihydrogen phosphate fertilizer and 14 kg/mu of urea are performed, water is properly controlled during the growth period of the cowpea seedlings, the soil relative humidity is kept at 60-65%, watering and fertilizer are strictly controlled from a vine-drawing period to flowering and pod-setting, the soil relative humidity is kept at 60-65%, vain growth of stems and leaves is prevented, more water is needed during the flowering and pod-setting period, the soil relative humidity is kept at 75-80%, foliage spraying is performed once every 12-15 d after flowering, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is 3-4 kg/mu, second water-accompanying topdressing is performed when the pods are seated in the first panicle, and potassium compound fertilizer is performed (N: P₂O₅:K₂O15: 15:15)21 kg/mu, and performing water-added fertilizer and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer (N: P) for the third time before harvest₂O₅:K₂O15: 15:15)20 kg/mu and 9 kg/mu of potassium sulfate fertilizer, and water should be removed when meeting rain in the whole growth period; 3) plant management: the method comprises the following steps of squating before vine pulling of cowpea plants, hanging ropes to guide vines after vine pulling of the cowpea plants is carried out, selecting the vine pulling to be carried out in the afternoon of a sunny day to prevent stems and vines from being broken, topping the cowpea plants when the cowpea plants grow to be 2.3-2.5 m, picking off lateral vines below each flower ear of a main vine, and properly picking off old leaves and diseased leaves at the base part when the cowpea plants grow excessively, so that the occurrence of diseases is reduced, and ventilation and light transmission are facilitated; 4) the precious jade oil cowpeas are ripe and harvested at 8 months and 18 days in the next year, the precious jade oil cowpeas are broken from the bottoms of fruit stalks during picking, pods are prevented from being damaged, water is volatilized and color is changed, commodity performance is reduced, subsequent buds of the flower spikes are not damaged, the pod bearing number of each flower spike is increased, yield is improved, tender pods can be picked properly in advance, the situation that the seeds grow and absorb a large amount of nutrition to accelerate withering, yellowing and premature senility of tendrils is avoided, and when the precious jade oil cowpeas are gradually decayed and harvested is completed; pulling seedlings and making soil in 26 days 9 and 9 months in the next year.

Example 6

S1 cabbage cultivation: 1) and (3) soil preparation and fertilization are carried out for 11 months and 12-16 days in the first year: selecting a dry, flat and well-drained field, building a greenhouse according to the field, and applying decomposed chicken and duck manure 2850 kg/mu, humic acid bacterial manure 32 kg/mu, ammonium sulfate fertilizer 22 kg/mu and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer (N: P)₂O₅:K₂O＝15:15:15) Spreading 63 kg/mu and plant ash 15 kg/mu, combining with harrowing, uniformly mixing with soil, and making into ridge with width of 100cm, ridge height of 10-15 cm and ridge distance of 25 cm; 2) and selecting the cabbage seedlings cultured in the example 1 for transplantation and field planting in 28 days in 11 months: planting 1 row of cabbage seedlings at a distance of 30cm from the ridge edge, wherein the row spacing is 40cm, the temperature in the greenhouse is kept at 15-20 ℃ before transplanting and field planting of the cabbage seedlings, the ventilation is carried out 3-4 days after field planting, the temperature is kept at 20-25 ℃ in the daytime, the temperature is kept at 10-15 ℃ at night, the survival rate of the cabbage seedlings after field planting is 99.0%, and the disease incidence is less than 0.5%; 3) intertillage squat seedling: 4-6 days later for seedling recovery, intertillage is carried out without watering, then proper squat seedlings are carried out every 8-10 days, root development is promoted, and when the leaves start to embrace after entering the lotus throne, the squat seedlings are finished; 4) and (3) water and fertilizer management: watering after field planting, frequently keeping the soil moist, keeping the relative humidity of the soil at 70-75%, performing first topdressing with water after 9d of first intertillage squat seedlings, wherein the relative humidity of urea is 22 kg/mu, performing second topdressing with water when the leaves of the bulbs start to embrace, 30 kg/mu of monopotassium phosphate fertilizer and 14 kg/mu of urea are used for promoting the formation of the bulbs, reducing the watering times and water quantity in the later stage of the formation of the bulbs, keeping the relative humidity of the soil at 62-65%, preventing the bulbs from cracking due to overlarge watering, preventing the bulbs from being too small due to insufficient water, stopping watering 6d before harvesting to avoid 'the bulbs', and removing the accumulated water in the field when the rain in the whole growth period occurs; 5) harvesting the cabbage seedlings with leaf heads compact in 2 months and 17 days in the next year, wherein the harvesting is carried out in the early morning or in the near evening to avoid high-temperature periods, and residual plants and leaves of the cabbage seedlings are removed in time;

s2 eggplant cultivation: 1) and selecting the solanum sexmaculatum seedlings cultivated in the example 4 for transplantation and field planting in 2 months and 10 days in the next year: transplanting six-leaf eggplant seedlings in a core-covering period of the cabbage, planting the six-leaf eggplant seedlings in two rows in each ridge among cabbage plants, planting 1-2 cabbage plants in each bunch, keeping row bunch spacing at 80cm, ventilating after field planting, keeping the temperature at 22-27 ℃ in the daytime and 12-15 ℃ in the nighttime, and keeping the temperature at 25-30 ℃ in the daytime and 15-20 ℃ in the nighttime in a result expanding period; 2) intertillage squat seedling: intertillage squat seedlings are loosened in field soil 2-3 days after planting and watering, soil temperature is improved, root system growth is promoted, intertillage squat seedlings are properly carried out for 2 times before fruit setting of Menga solanacearum, the leaf height of the Menga solanacearum is large, transplanted seedlings are not deeply buried, and soil hardening is preventedIntertillage is needed before the plants are sealed, the plants are prevented from lodging by combining with ridging, intertillage squat seedlings are carried out after watering, and squat seedlings are finished when fruits rapidly grow; 3) and (3) water and fertilizer management: watering and seedling recovering after field planting, keeping soil moist frequently, keeping relative humidity of the soil at 62-68%, and applying nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer (N: P) along with transplanting of the solanum hexapetala seedlings₂O₅:K₂O is 15:15:15)35 kg/mu, spraying 126 kg/mu of thoroughly decomposed sheep manure at the position of 12-15 cm in the ring diameter before first intertillage and squat seedlings, increasing watering times and increasing water quantity and draining water in rainy seasons after fruit setting of Menga, watering in summer preferably in the morning and at the evening, keeping the relative humidity of soil at 72-82%, performing first water-based topdressing during the eggplant expanding period, spraying 143 kg/mu of thoroughly decomposed sheep manure and 18 kg/mu of potassium nitrate fertilizer, performing second topdressing during the four-door bucket expanding period, spraying 36 kg/mu of thoroughly decomposed sheep manure and 20-25 kg/mu of potassium nitrate fertilizer, stopping watering 3-4 days before harvesting, and removing field accumulated water when rain occurs in the whole growing period; 4) removing useless lateral branches: the eggplant is placed before and after the Menga eggplant bears fruits, 2 branch branches in a crotch shape are reserved, useless lateral branches emitted by axilla of each leaf under the Menga eggplant are removed, so that the nutrition consumption is reduced, and ventilation and light transmission are facilitated; 5) the solanum sexmaculatum seedling begins to mature and is harvested at 5 months and 16 days in the second year, old leaves, yellow leaves and diseased leaves at the lower part of the plant can be removed along with harvesting of fruits, ventilation and light transmission conditions are improved, the occurrence of diseases is reduced, and the solanum sexmaculatum seedling plants without fruits are removed at 6 months and 3 days in the second year;

s3 cowpea cultivation: 1) and (3) direct seeding after cowpea seed treatment: processing cowpea seeds at 12 days 6 months in the next year, selecting plump Guizhou green line cowpea seeds with consistent sizes before dibbling, removing the Guizhou green line cowpea seeds which are not full of insects and damaged and mildewed, soaking the Guizhou green line cowpea seeds for 2 days in sunny days, soaking the Guizhou green line cowpea seeds for 5-8 min, cleaning the Guizhou green line cowpea seeds with clean water, soaking the Guizhou green line cowpea seeds for absorbing the seeds to be expanded with clean water at 35-40 ℃, fishing out the Guizhou green line cowpea seeds for drying in the shade until the seeds are not sticky to seed, dibbling the processed Guizhou green line cowpea seeds, carrying out dibbling on the Guizhou green line cowpea seeds in three lines in each ridge, wherein each ridge has a width of 10cm and a height of 25-20 cm at a distance of 35cm, dibbling is carried out on 1 line of Guizhou green line cowpea seeds at a distance of 30-35 cm, dibbling 2-3 seeds in each hole, carrying out dibbling after dibbling, keeping a ventilation at a temperature of 27 ℃ in daytime and a temperature of 30 ℃ at nightKeeping the temperature between 18 and 22 ℃ for 2 to 3 days generally to enable seedlings to emerge, removing weak, small and sick cowpea seedlings in time after the cowpea seedlings grow for 1 to 2 days, keeping the survival rate of the Guizhou green line cowpea seedlings at 99.1 percent, keeping the morbidity at less than 0.65 percent, shading the cowpea seedlings by eggplant plants, avoiding the cowpea seedlings from dying, keeping 2 to 3 cowpea seedlings in each hole, keeping the cowpea seedlings at 25 to 30 ℃ in the daytime, and keeping the cowpea seedlings at 15 to 20 ℃ at night; 2) and (3) water and fertilizer management: before cowpea seeds are sowed, the relative humidity of soil is kept at 72-75%, each row of the cowpea seeds is fertilized, the common spreading width is 20-22 cm, the rotten rabbit manure is 137 kg/mu and the calcium hydrogen phosphate fertilizer is 12 kg/mu, harrowing and ploughing are carried out, the first water-dressing is carried out during the growth period of the cowpea seedlings, 15 kg/mu of potassium dihydrogen phosphate fertilizer and 13 kg/mu of urea are added, water is properly controlled during the growth period of the cowpea seedlings, the relative humidity of the soil is kept at 60-65%, watering and fertilizer are strictly controlled from a vine pulling period to a flowering and pod setting period, the relative humidity of the soil is kept at 60-65%, the stem and leaf overgrowth is prevented, more water is needed during the flowering and pod setting period, the relative humidity of the soil is kept at 75-80%, foliage spraying is carried out once every 12-15 d after flowering, 3-4 kg/mu of 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is carried out, and (3) beginning to carry out secondary water-accompanying topdressing when the first panicle inflorescence sits on the pod, wherein the weight ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizers (N: and P.₂O₅:K₂20 kg/mu of O15: 15:15, and carrying out tertiary topdressing with water before starting harvesting, wherein the fertilizer is a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer (N: P)₂O₅:K₂O15: 15:15)25 kg/mu and 8 kg/mu of potassium sulfate fertilizer, and water should be removed when meeting rain in the whole growth period; 3) plant management: the method comprises the following steps of squating before vine pulling of cowpea plants, hanging ropes to guide vines after vine pulling of the cowpea plants is carried out, selecting the vine pulling to be carried out in the afternoon of a sunny day to prevent stems and vines from being broken, topping the cowpea plants when the cowpea plants grow to be 2.3-2.5 m, picking off lateral vines below each flower ear of a main vine, and properly picking off old leaves and diseased leaves at the base part when the cowpea plants grow excessively, so that the occurrence of diseases is reduced, and ventilation and light transmission are facilitated; 4) the Guizhou green line cowpeas are ripe and harvested at 9-17 days of the next year, the Guizhou green line cowpeas are broken off from the bottoms of fruit stalks during picking, pods are prevented from being damaged, water is volatilized and color is changed, commodity performance is reduced, subsequent buds of the flower spikes are not damaged, the pod bearing number of each flower spike is increased, yield is improved, tender pods can be picked properly in advance, the situation that the leaves and tendrils are withered and yellow and premature failure are accelerated due to the fact that seeds develop and absorb a large amount of nutrition is avoided, and when the Guizhou green line cowpeas are gradually decayed and harvested, the Guizhou green line cowpeas are harvested at 10-23 days of the next yearPulling seedlings and preparing soil every day.

In the interplanting cultivation of the cabbage eggplant and green beans of examples 5 to 6, pest control was also performed: 2 black light lamps are arranged per mu to trap and kill noctuid pests; and respectively spraying a 2500-3000 times liquid of 72% agricultural streptomycin, a 500-1000 times liquid of 64% chalcanthite and a 2000 times liquid of 10% imidacloprid during the growth period of the cabbage, the eggplant and the cowpea, and continuously preventing for 2-3 times.

Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating and not limiting the technical solutions of the present invention, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and all modifications or partial substitutions should be covered by the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. The interplanting method of the cabbage, eggplant and green beans is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s2 cabbage cultivation: 1) land preparation and fertilization: selecting a field with dry and flat topography and good drainage, building a greenhouse according to the land, applying 2500-3000 kg/mu of thoroughly decomposed chicken and duck manure, 30-35 kg/mu of humic acid bacterial manure, 20-25 kg/mu of ammonium sulfate fertilizer, 60-65 kg/mu of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and 12-15 kg/mu of plant ash, spreading, combining harrowing and ploughing, uniformly mixing with soil, and making into 100cm wide ridges, 10-15 cm high ridges and 25cm ridge distance; p is N in NPK compound fertilizer₂O₅:K₂The mass ratio of O is 15:15: 15; 2) transplanting and field planting: planting 1 row of cabbage at a position 30cm away from the ridge edge of each ridge, wherein the row spacing is 40cm, the temperature in the greenhouse is kept at 15-20 ℃ before transplanting and field planting of cabbage seedlings, the ventilation is carried out 3-4 days after field planting, the temperature is kept at 20-25 ℃ in the daytime, and the temperature is kept at 10-15 ℃ at night; 3) intertillage squatSeedling: 4-6 days later for seedling recovery, intertillage is carried out without watering, then proper squat seedlings are carried out every 8-10 days, and when the leaves start to embrace after entering the lotus throne, the squat seedlings are finished; 4) and (3) water and fertilizer management: watering after field planting, frequently keeping soil moist, keeping the relative humidity of the soil at 70-75%, performing first topdressing with water after the first intertillage and squat seedlings are planted for 7-9 d, wherein 20-25 kg/mu of urea is obtained, performing second topdressing with water when the spherical leaves start to embrace, reducing the watering times and water amount in the later stage of balling, keeping the relative humidity of the soil at 62-65%, stopping watering 5-6 d before harvesting, and paying attention to remove field accumulated water when the whole growth period meets rain;

s3 eggplant cultivation: 1) transplanting and field planting: transplanting eggplant seedlings when the cabbage plants enter a core-covering period, planting the eggplant seedlings in two rows per ridge, planting the eggplant seedlings among the cabbage plants, wherein the row spacing is 80cm for 1-2 plants per bunch, ventilating after field planting, keeping the cabbage seedlings at 22-27 ℃ in the daytime and 12-15 ℃ at night, and keeping the cabbage seedlings at 25-30 ℃ in the daytime and 15-20 ℃ at night during a fruiting expanding period; 2) intertillage squat seedling: intertillage squat seedlings are carried out 2-3 days after planting and watering, intertillage squat seedlings are properly carried out for 2 times before the Menga is subjected to fruit setting, intertillage squat seedlings are carried out after watering, and squat seedlings are finished when fruits begin to grow rapidly; 3) and (3) water and fertilizer management: watering and seedling recovering after field planting, keeping soil wet frequently, keeping relative humidity of the soil at 62-68%, applying a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer at 30-35 kg/mu with transplanting of eggplant seedlings, spreading decomposed sheep manure at a ring diameter of 12-15 cm before first intertillage and squat, increasing watering times and water quantity after Menga eggplant fruits are set, keeping relative humidity of the soil at 72-82%, performing first topdressing with water in an eggplant expanding period, spraying 140-150 kg/mu of decomposed sheep manure and 15-20 kg/mu of potassium nitrate fertilizer at 140-150 kg/mu, performing second topdressing in a four-door bucket expanding period, spraying 30-40 kg/mu of decomposed sheep manure and 20-25 kg/mu of potassium nitrate fertilizer at 3-4 d before harvesting, and paying attention to removing water in the whole growing period when meeting rain, and collecting water in the field; p is N in NPK compound fertilizer₂O₅:K₂The mass ratio of O is 15:15: 15; 4) removing useless lateral branches: the eggplant is placed before and after the Menga eggplant bears fruit, 2 branch branches in a crotch shape are reserved, and useless lateral branches emitted by axilla of each leaf under the Menga eggplant are removed;

s4 cowpea cultivation: 1) and (3) direct seeding after cowpea seed treatment: will be provided withDibbling the treated cowpea seeds, wherein each ridge has three rows, small ridges with the width of 10cm and the height of 25-20 cm are respectively formed at the positions 15cm away from the ridge edge, each ridge is internally provided with small ridges with the width of 10cm and the height of 25-20 cm at intervals of 35cm, 1 row of cowpea is dibbled on each small ridge, the row dibbling distance is 30-35 cm, 2-3 seeds are dibbled in each hole, ventilation is carried out after dibbling, the daytime is kept at 27-30 ℃, the nighttime is kept at 18-22 ℃, seedlings can emerge generally after 2-3 days, weak, small and sick cowpea seedlings are removed in time after 1-2 days of growth, 2-3 cowpea seedlings are reserved in each hole, then the daytime is kept at 25-30 ℃, and the nighttime is kept at 15-20 ℃; 2) and (3) water and fertilizer management: before cowpea seeds are sowed, the relative humidity of soil is kept at 72-75%, each row of the cowpea seeds is fertilized with water, the common spreading width is 20-22 cm, the rotten rabbit manure is 130-140 kg/mu and the calcium hydrogen phosphate fertilizer is 10-12 kg/mu, harrowing and ploughing are carried out, watering and fertilizing are carried out for the first time during the growth period of the cowpea seedlings, potassium dihydrogen phosphate fertilizer is 15-20 kg/mu and urea is 10-15 kg/mu, water is properly controlled during the growth period of the cowpea seedlings, a furrow is watered between two small ridges, the relative humidity of the soil is kept at 60-65%, watering and fertilizing are strictly controlled from a tendril-pulling period to flowering and pod-bearing periods, the relative humidity of the soil is kept at 60-65%, more water is needed during the pod-bearing period, the relative humidity of the soil is kept at 75-80%, spraying is carried out once every 12-15 days after flowering, a 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is 3-4 kg/mu, water and fertilizing are carried out for the second time when the first panicle is planted on leaf surfaces, 18-22 kg/mu of NPK compound fertilizer, performing topdressing with water for the third time before harvesting, wherein 20-25 kg/mu of NPK compound fertilizer and 8-10 kg/mu of potassium sulfate fertilizer are removed when meeting rain in the whole growth period, and accumulating water in the field; p is N in NPK compound fertilizer₂O₅:K₂The mass ratio of O is 15:15: 15; 3) plant management: squating before vine pulling of cowpea plants, hanging ropes and guiding vines after the cowpea plants grow for 35-40 cm, selecting and carrying out vine pulling in the afternoon of a sunny day, topping when the cowpea plants grow to 2.3-2.5 m, picking off lateral vines below each flower spike of a main vine, and picking off old leaves and diseased leaves at the base when the cowpea plants grow excessively;

further comprises cabbage seedling cultivation: 1) seed treatment: selecting full cabbage seeds with consistent sizes, removing the cabbage seeds which are not fully filled, damaged by worm eating and mildewed, drying the cabbage seeds in the sun for 1d in sunny days, soaking the cabbage seeds in 500 times of wettable powder of 25% carbendazim at 20-25 ℃ for 12h, fishing out, cleaning with clear water, soaking the cabbage seeds in clear water at 25-30 ℃ until the seeds are sucked and expanded, fishing out the cabbage seeds, and drying in the shade until the seeds are not sticky to seeds; 2) preparing a matrix: mixing turfy soil and vermiculite serving as base materials, mixing the base materials and decomposed rabbit dung according to a weight ratio of 5:1, adding 50% carbendazim wettable powder into the mixture of the base materials and the decomposed rabbit dung, uniformly mixing, covering with a film, stacking for 1d, adding urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and uniformly mixing to prepare a matrix; wherein, 5g of 50% carbendazim wettable powder, 15g of urea and 10g of monopotassium phosphate are added into each kilogram of mixture of the base material and the decomposed rabbit dung; 3) sowing and seedling raising: sowing and raising seedlings in a greenhouse seedling raising shed, selecting a 128-hole tray substrate for raising seedlings, wetting the substrate, filling 3/4 substrate with the volume of a hole into each hole, slightly compacting the substrate, then putting treated cabbage seeds into the holes, wherein each hole has 1 grain, and then paving 2 cm-thick substrate into each hole to cover the seeds; 4) seedling management: after sowing, keeping the temperature at 20-25 ℃ in the daytime and 16-20 ℃ at night, before emergence of seedlings, spraying and watering to keep the relative humidity of a substrate at 90-95%, after aligning seedlings, reducing the watering times and water amount and keeping the relative humidity of the substrate at 75-80%, after aligning seedlings for 3-4 d, spraying a nutrient fertilizer A to perform primary fertilizer supplement, after growing 3-4 main leaves, increasing the watering times and water amount and keeping the relative humidity of the substrate at 82-85%, spraying a nutrient fertilizer C to perform secondary fertilizer supplement, before transplanting and field planting, discharging air for 7-10 d to harden the seedlings, keeping the relative humidity of the substrate at 70-75%, keeping the temperature at 15-20 ℃ in the daytime and keeping the temperature at 12-15 ℃ at night.

2. The method for interplanting cabbage, eggplant and green beans as claimed in claim 1, further comprising the following steps of eggplant seedling cultivation: 1) seed treatment: selecting plump eggplant seeds with consistent sizes, removing the eggplant seeds which are not full and damaged by worms and mildewed, exposing the eggplant seeds in the sun for 1d in sunny days, soaking the eggplant seeds in a 25% carbendazim wettable powder solution at 20-25 ℃ for 6h, fishing out, cleaning with clear water, soaking the eggplant seeds in the clear water at 25-30 ℃ for 4-5 h, accelerating germination for 3-4 d at 25-30 ℃, sowing when 75-80% of the eggplant seeds germinate and are exposed to white, moving the eggplant seeds for 1 time at intervals of 8-10 h during accelerating germination, cleaning mucilage on the surfaces of the eggplant seeds with clear water, and then continuing accelerating germination; 2) preparing a matrix: mixing turfy soil and vermiculite serving as base materials, mixing the base materials and decomposed rabbit dung according to a weight ratio of 4:1, adding 50% carbendazim wettable powder into the mixture of the base materials and the decomposed rabbit dung, uniformly mixing, covering with a film, stacking for 1d, adding urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and uniformly mixing to prepare a matrix; wherein, 5g of 50 percent carbendazim wettable powder, 12g of urea and 8g of monopotassium phosphate are added into each kilogram of mixture of the base material and the decomposed rabbit dung; 3) sowing and seedling raising: sowing and raising seedlings in a greenhouse seedling raising shed, selecting and using a tray substrate with 72 holes for raising seedlings, firstly wetting the substrate, then filling 3/4 substrate with the volume of the holes into each hole, slightly compacting the substrate, then putting the treated eggplant seeds into the holes, wherein each hole has 2 grains, and then spreading the substrate with the thickness of 2cm into each hole to cover the seeds; 4) seedling management: after sowing, keeping the temperature at 22-26 ℃, keeping the temperature at 20-25 ℃ in the daytime after the seedlings emerge, keeping the temperature at 15-20 ℃ at night, keeping the relative humidity of a substrate at 65-70% by spraying and watering before emergence of seedlings, reducing the watering times and water amount after growing a first true leaf and keeping the relative humidity of the substrate at 60-65%, spraying a nutrient fertilizer B for primary fertilizer supplement when growing the first true leaf, spraying a nutrient fertilizer D for secondary fertilizer supplement after growing 4-5 true leaves, blowing air for hardening the seedlings 5-7 days before transplantation and field planting, keeping the relative humidity of the substrate at 65-70%, keeping the temperature at 22-25 ℃ in the daytime and keeping the temperature at 14-17 ℃ at night.

3. The method for interplanting cabbage, eggplant and green beans as claimed in claim 1, further comprising cowpea seed treatment: selecting full cowpea seeds with consistent sizes before dibbling, removing the cowpea seeds damaged and mildewed by the moths and the unsaturated cowpea seeds, sunning the cowpea seeds for 2 days in sunny days, soaking the cowpea seeds in 1% formalin for 5-8 min for disinfection, then cleaning the cowpea seeds with clear water at 35-40 ℃ until the cowpea seeds are swelled, and fishing out the cowpea seeds and drying the cowpea seeds in shade until the seeds are not sticky to seed.

4. The method for interplanting cabbage, eggplant and green beans as claimed in claim 1, further comprising harvesting: harvesting cabbage head compact, wherein the harvesting is carried out in the early morning or in the near evening to avoid high-temperature time periods, and residual plants and leaves of the cabbage are removed in time; harvesting after the eggplant is mature, removing old leaves, yellow leaves and diseased leaves at the lower part of the plant along with the harvesting of fruits, and removing the eggplant plant without fruits in time; the cowpea is ripe and harvested, the cowpea is broken from the bottom of the fruit stalk during picking, subsequent buds of the flower spike are not damaged, the pod number of each flower spike is increased, the yield is improved, and after the cowpea plants gradually lose and are harvested, seedling pulling and soil preparation are carried out.

5. The method for interplanting cabbage, eggplant and green beans as claimed in claim 1, further comprising pest control: 2 black light lamps are arranged per mu; and respectively spraying a 2500-3000 times liquid of 72% agricultural streptomycin, a 500-1000 times liquid of 64% chalcanthite and a 2000 times liquid of 10% imidacloprid during the growth period of the cabbage, the eggplant and the cowpea, and continuously preventing for 2-3 times.

6. The method for interplanting cabbage, eggplant and green beans as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the base material comprises turfy soil and vermiculite, and the weight ratio of the turfy soil to the vermiculite is 3: 0.5-0.7.

7. The interplanting method for cabbage, eggplant and green beans as claimed in claim 1, wherein the concentration of the nutrient fertilizer A is 100mg/L N: P₂O₅:K₂A nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer with the mass ratio of O being 20:10: 20; the concentration of the nutrient fertilizer C is 160mg/L N: P₂O₅:K₂The mass ratio of O to N, P and K is 10:15: 20.

8. The interplanting method for cabbage, eggplant and green beans as claimed in claim 2, wherein the concentration of a nutrient fertilizer B is 150mg/L N: P₂O₅:K₂A nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer with the mass ratio of O being 24:16: 18; the concentration of the nutrient fertilizer D is 180mg/L N: P₂O₅:K₂The mass ratio of O to N, P and K is 15:10: 15.