CN106305085B - Method for producing and cultivating sweet peppers in solar greenhouse after autumn is delayed and year after winter - Google Patents
Method for producing and cultivating sweet peppers in solar greenhouse after autumn is delayed and year after winter Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for late-autumn overwintering and year-round production and cultivation of sweet peppers in a sunlight greenhouse, which comprises the steps of sowing in a plug tray in the middle and last ten days of 7 months, planting in a sterilized and fertilized greenhouse in the middle and last ten days of 8 months, carrying out management such as fertilizer and water management, temperature control and humidity control, starting to ripen and pick before the festival of China, cutting off all branches above a plant 'four mother bucket' until all the branches are picked up in the middle and last ten days of 2 months, promoting the germination of newly-grown branches, selecting and reserving 2-3 robust newly-grown branches for secondary fruit bearing, and harvesting early-ripen fruits in time in the early 4 months to supply spring sweet pepper markets and fresh seasons, and harvesting fruits in the last ten days of 4 months to intensively supply festival markets. The method can lead farmers to save the tedious seedling work of spring stubbles, overcome the defects of serious seedling and field planting diseases in the late winter, overcome the adverse effect of haze weather on overwintering production, meet the market demands of four major festivals, namely eleven, New year, spring festival and five, and realize annual production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crop cultivation, in particular to a method for producing and cultivating sweet peppers all year round after autumn delay in a solar greenhouse.
Background
With the rapid development of the solar greenhouse sweet pepper (colored pepper) production and the continuous expansion of the cultivation area, the shortage of facility-dedicated good sweet pepper varieties and matched cultivation techniques which can be produced all year round appears in the production. At present, two cultivation forms of late autumn and early spring are mainly used for cultivating sweet peppers in a sunlight greenhouse, the late autumn cultivation generally comprises seeding and seedling cultivation in the middle of 7 months, field planting in the last ten days of 8 months and seedling pulling in the last ten days of 1 month; seeding and seedling raising are generally carried out in the middle and last ten days of 10 months in advance in spring cultivation, field planting is carried out in the middle and last ten days of 1 month, and seedling pulling is carried out from the bottom of 6 months to the beginning of 7 months. Neither of these two forms of cultivation can meet the annual production needs. And the solar greenhouse sweet pepper is generally sown and cultivated in the middle ten days of 8 months, field planting is carried out in the last ten days of 9 months, and seedlings are pulled from the bottom of 6 months to the beginning of 7 months. Due to the lack of special varieties and imperfect production technology, the influence of weather conditions is large, the fluctuation range of yield is large, the risk resistance is poor, the economic benefit is reduced, and the planting enthusiasm of farmers is seriously influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems and provides a method for producing and cultivating sweet peppers in a solar greenhouse over winter and all the year after autumn is delayed.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for producing and cultivating sweet peppers in a solar greenhouse after autumn is delayed and year after winter, which comprises the following steps:
(1) cleaning residual branches and dead leaves in a sunlight greenhouse in the middle and last ten days of 6 months, applying enough organic fertilizer, deeply ploughing the soil by 30 cm, closing the greenhouse for 20-30 days to kill germs in the soil, then ditching, applying chemical fertilizer in the ditch, deeply ploughing by 30 cm and fully mixing with the soil;
(2) in the middle and last ten days of 7 months, disinfecting seeds, sowing the seeds in a plug tray, and culturing robust seedlings;
(3) in late 8 months, planting the seedlings in the plug in the sunlight greenhouse treated in the step (1);
(4) through conventional management such as pest control, ridging, soil moisture preservation and the like, plants normally bloom and bear fruits, and after the capsicum frutescens bears stably, fertilizer and water management is carried out to promote fruit expansion;
(5) covering the furrow surface or the whole film with a mulching film in the late 10 th month to increase the ground temperature and reduce the indoor humidity, adopting furrow irrigation or drip irrigation under the mulching film in an irrigation mode (when the soil is dry or the plants lack water and fertilizer, a small amount of irrigation in the morning on a sunny day can be selected, and the soil is wet), covering the mulching film in time and properly discharging the wind to maintain the temperature in the greenhouse to be 25-28 ℃ and the humidity to be below 70%;
(6) from the end of 12 months to the beginning of 2 months in the next year, watering is not carried out or less watering is carried out (the soil is not dry), a mat is placed in an early stage to keep the temperature at night to be more than 15 ℃, and meanwhile, the sunlight is shielded by dust-free soil on a greenhouse film;
(7) in the last ten days of 2 months, cutting off all branches above the four mother hoppers of the plants to promote the germination of new branches, selecting and reserving 2-3 robust new branches for secondary fruiting, and removing all the other branches;
(8) during the growth period of the new branches, the temperature is controlled to be about 28-30 ℃, the humidity is over 90 percent, and the growth of the branches and the fruit expansion are promoted;
(9) and harvesting mature fruits in the early stage in time at the beginning of 4 months to supply to the spring sweet pepper market in the off season, and harvesting fruits in the last ten days of 4 months to supply to the festival market in a centralized manner.
Preferably, the sweet pepper variety is selected from the varieties with good heat resistance in the early stage, strong disease resistance, strong continuous fruit setting capability, low-temperature and weak light resistance in winter and strong regeneration capability of early spring plants.
Preferably, the sweet pepper variety is Ji-researched No. 16, Ji-researched No. 102, Ji-researched No. 105 or Ji-researched No. 108.
Specifically, 3000kg of organic fertilizer is applied to each mu of the sufficient organic fertilizer in the step (1), and the ditching is as follows: ditching is carried out alternately in the south-north direction according to the row spacing of 50 cm and 80 cm, the depth is 10-15 cm, and the fertilizer is applied by applying 100kg of calcium superphosphate, 30kg of potassium sulfate, 1-3kg of copper sulfate, 1kg of zinc sulfate and 1kg of borax per mu.
The method can save fussy seedling culture work of spring stubbles for farmers, overcome the defect of serious seedling culture and field planting diseases in the deep winter, overcome the adverse effect of haze weather on overwintering production, fill up the gap of early spring in the market of sweet peppers, prolong the supply period of products and realize annual production. The method meets the market requirements of eleven, New year, spring festival and five-one major festivals which are more important for Chinese people, more remarkably shows the characteristics of festival economic commodities, increases economic benefit, has huge market development potential, can meet the production development requirements and market requirements of sweet peppers, increases the income of farmers, promotes the upgrading of vegetable products and improves market competitiveness.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples.
Cleaning residual branches and dead leaves in time after seedling pulling in the first ten days of the 6 th month, applying enough organic fertilizer (3000 kg of organic fertilizer such as chicken manure is applied per mu), deeply turning over the soil by 30 cm, carrying out high-temperature greenhouse soil disinfection (specifically referring to DB13/T1418-2011 high-temperature greenhouse soil disinfection technical specification), treating for 20-30 days, thoroughly eliminating pathogenic bacteria in the soil, then ditching according to the row spacing of 50 cm and 80 cm in the north-south direction, wherein the depth is generally 10-15 cm, applying chemical fertilizer in the ditch, and deeply turning over by 30 cm to fully mix the chemical fertilizer and the soil.
In the middle and late 7 months, sweet pepper varieties with the characteristics of good early heat resistance, strong disease resistance, strong continuous fruit setting capability, low temperature and weak light resistance in winter, strong regeneration recovery capability of plants in early spring and the like are selected, such as No. 16 Ji, No. 102 Ji, No. 105 Ji and No. 108 Ji, and the like, seeds are disinfected and sowed in plug trays, and strong seedlings are cultivated through various technologies of plug tray root protection seedling cultivation, sunshade rain-proof seedling cultivation, insect prevention seedling cultivation and the like.
And (3) opening shallow trenches in the greenhouse in late 8 months, planting seedlings in the shallow trenches, wherein in the early growth period of the sweet peppers, the plants are easy to overgrow, and in the flowering period, the flowers and fruits are easy to fall and the plant diseases and insect pests are serious in high-temperature, strong-light, rainy and high-humidity seasons. The strong growth of the seedlings is ensured by a comprehensive pest prevention and control technology; proper ridging is carried out after the buds of the plants emerge, planting belts are gradually changed from original shallow ridges to small high ridges, watering is properly controlled in the initial flowering period, management technologies such as intertillage soil moisture preservation and the like are enhanced, excessive growth of the plants is inhibited, and normal flowering and fruit setting of the plants are promoted; and after the zanthoxylum piperitum is stably seated, fertilizer and water management is performed, so that fruit expansion is promoted, and conditions are created for management in winter.
The fertilizer and water management specifically comprises the following steps: when more than 80% of the capsicum annuum grows to 2-3 cm and is stably seated, watering and topdressing are started, and 5-8 kg of urea and 4-5 kg of potassium sulfate are topdressed per mu; or potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (containing nitrate nitrogen) 10 kg-12 kg.
Topdressing in the expanding period of the capsicum annuum: 8 kg-10 kg of urea and 5 kg-6 kg of potassium sulfate are applied to each mu of land; or potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (containing nitrate nitrogen) 12 kg-15 kg;
topdressing for the pepper in the enlargement period: during the period, a large amount of plants bloom and bear fruits, the fruits are expanded and the plants continue to branch, more nutrients are needed, and 12 kg-15 kg of urea and 8 kg-10 kg of potassium sulfate are additionally applied to each mu in the fertilizer-requiring peak period; or potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (containing nitrate nitrogen) 15 kg-20 kg.
Topdressing in the expansion period of the four-door bucket: in the period, when the plants enter the full bearing period, the flower and fruit fertilizer needs to be applied again, 8 kg-10 kg of urea and 5 kg-6 kg of potassium sulfate are additionally applied per mu; or potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (containing nitrate nitrogen) 12 kg-15 kg.
The temperature gradually turns cold in the last 10 th of the month, the temperature is lower, and the illumination is weakened. The ground temperature is increased and the humidity in the shed is reduced by covering the ridge surface with a mulching film, modifying the ridge surface into furrow irrigation under the film or drip irrigation under the film or full film covering and other measures; the temperature is preserved by covering the covering in time, and the plants are prevented from being attacked by the excessive indoor humidity by paying attention to proper ventilation in the daytime, so that the temperature in the greenhouse is kept between 25 and 28 ℃ and the humidity is below 70 percent.
From the end of 12 months to the beginning of 2 months in the next year, the period with the lowest temperature and the weakest illumination in one year is generally not watered or watered a little, a mat is put in a proper early stage to keep the temperature at night to be more than 15 ℃, meanwhile, dust on a greenhouse film is insist on cleaning, and the management is mainly temperature increasing, heat preserving, humidity reducing and moisture removing. In the low-temperature period, the smoke agent can be used for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests. The mature products can be collected and listed in time according to market demands, and can also be supplied to festival markets in a centralized manner.
In the last ten days of 2 months, cutting off all branches above the four mother hoppers of the plants, properly increasing the temperature and humidity to promote the germination of new branches, selecting and reserving 2-3 robust new branches, and removing all the other branches.
The vegetative growth and reproductive growth of the newly-born branches are carried out simultaneously, the newly-born branches bloom and fruit while growing, the temperature is controlled to be about 28-30 ℃, the humidity is more than 90%, in addition, the water and fertilizer requirements of the plants are large, watering and fertilizing are carried out for 1-2 times, 5 kg-8 kg of urea and 4 kg-5 kg of potassium sulfate are applied to each mu each time; or potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (containing nitrate nitrogen) of 10 kg-12 kg, the soil is kept moist, and through the technical measures, the growth of branches and the fruit enlargement are promoted to be carried out simultaneously, the early coming into the market in spring is realized, and the promotion benefit is maximized.
Harvesting fruits in the early stage of the early 4 months in time to supply sweet peppers in spring in a market in a slack season; the fruits can be supplied to the festival market in 4 months.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any non-inventive modifications made by those skilled in the art within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be considered within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A method for producing and cultivating sweet peppers in a solar greenhouse after autumn is delayed and year after winter, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) cleaning residual branches and dead leaves in a sunlight greenhouse in the first ten days of 6 months, applying enough organic fertilizer, deeply ploughing the land by 30 cm, closing the greenhouse for 20-30 days to kill germs in the soil, then ditching, applying chemical fertilizer into the ditch, deeply ploughing by 10-15 cm, applying chemical fertilizer into the ditch, deeply ploughing by 3-cm and fully mixing with the soil;
(2) in the middle and last 7 months, disinfecting seeds, sowing the seeds in a plug, culturing robust seedlings, and in the last 8 months, fixedly planting the seedlings in the plug in the sunlight greenhouse treated in the step (1);
(3) the planting belt is gradually changed from the original small ditch to the small high ridge through ridging after the buds of the plants emerge;
(4) after the capsicum is stably set, fertilizer and water management is carried out to promote fruit expansion;
(5) covering the furrow surface with a plastic film or covering the whole plastic film in the last 10 months to increase the ground temperature, reduce the indoor humidity, covering the plastic film with a covering in time and properly ventilating to maintain the indoor temperature at 25-28 ℃ and the humidity below 70%;
(6) from the end of 12 months to the beginning of 2 months in the next year, watering is not carried out or less watering is carried out, a mat is placed in a proper early stage to keep the temperature at night to be more than 15 ℃, and meanwhile, the sunlight is shielded by dust-free soil on a shed film;
(7) in the middle and last ten days of 2 months, after sweet pepper fruits are all harvested, cutting off all branches above the four-mother-bucket part of the plant, promoting the germination of new branches, selecting and reserving 2-3 robust new branches for secondary fruiting, and removing all the rest branches;
(8) during the growth period of the new branches, controlling the temperature at 28-30 ℃ and the humidity at more than 90%, watering and fertilizing for 1-2 times, wherein 5 kg-8 kg of urea and 4 kg-5 kg of potassium sulfate are applied to each mu each time; or potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 10 kg-12 kg, keeping soil moist, promoting branch growth and fruit expansion; the potassium sulfate compound fertilizer contains nitrate nitrogen;
(9) and harvesting mature fruits in the early stage in time at the beginning of 4 months to supply to the spring sweet pepper market in the off season, and harvesting fruits in the last ten days of 4 months to supply to the festival market in a centralized manner.
2. The method for producing and cultivating sweet peppers in the solar greenhouse after autumn is delayed for one year over winter according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the sweet pepper variety has good heat resistance in the early stage, strong disease resistance, strong continuous fruit setting capability, low-temperature and weak light resistance in winter and strong regeneration capability of early spring plants.
3. The method for producing and cultivating sweet peppers in the solar greenhouse after autumn is delayed for one year over winter according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: the sweet pepper variety is Ji-researched No. 16, Ji-researched No. 102, Ji-researched No. 105 or Ji-researched No. 108.
4. The method for producing and cultivating sweet peppers in the solar greenhouse after autumn is delayed for one year over winter according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (1), 3000kg of organic fertilizer is applied to each mu of organic fertilizer, and the ditching is as follows: ditching is carried out alternately in the south-north direction according to the row spacing of 50 cm and 80 cm, the depth is 10-15 cm, and the fertilizer is applied by applying 100kg of calcium superphosphate, 30kg of potassium sulfate, 1-3kg of copper sulfate, 1kg of zinc sulfate and 1kg of borax per mu.
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| CN103597990A (en) * | 2013-10-28 | 2014-02-26 | 柯义清 | Method for increasing roots in plug seedling of sweet peppers |
| CN104145670A (en) * | 2014-08-01 | 2014-11-19 | 山西省农业科学院植物保护研究所 | Planting method for controlling pimento epidemic diseases by interplanting field of pimento with garlic |
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