CN102523897A - Method for treating reproduced platycodon root seeds - Google Patents
Method for treating reproduced platycodon root seeds Download PDFInfo
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- CN102523897A CN102523897A CN2012100484710A CN201210048471A CN102523897A CN 102523897 A CN102523897 A CN 102523897A CN 2012100484710 A CN2012100484710 A CN 2012100484710A CN 201210048471 A CN201210048471 A CN 201210048471A CN 102523897 A CN102523897 A CN 102523897A
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of Chinese herbal medicine planting, and in particular relates to a method for treating reproduced platycodon root seeds. The method comprises the steps of seedling seed selection and remaining, seedling seed treatment and seedling poikilothermic treatment. The method is characterized by adopting plant selection during selecting and remaining seedling seeds, selecting biennial robust plants as breeding seed plants, using the fruits as the seeds when the fruits fully develop and ripen, then putting the seeds into warm water at 30 DEG C to be soaked, then covering the seeds with a wet linen to accelerate germination, then putting the seeds at a low temperature of 1-5 DEG C for 12-8 hours, then putting the seeds at a higher temperature of 18-25 DEG C for 6-12 hours and repeating poikilothermic seedling cultivation until germination acceleration is completed. The method has the following beneficial effects that: seed germination is improved; the low temperature resistance of the root system at the seedling stage is improved; the blossom and the fruiting period are advanced; and the yield is increased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Chinese herbal medicine planting technology field, be specifically related to a kind of processing method of balloonflower root breeding seed.
Background technology
The phytomorph of balloonflower root is a perennial herb, high 40-90 centimetre.Milk is arranged, the smooth nothing hair of complete stool in the plant corpus.The thick meat of root, conical or bifurcated, crust yellowish-brown arranged.Stem is upright, and branch is arranged; Mostly leaf is alternate, and minority is to life, nearly stockless, and blade is long avette, and there is sawtooth at the edge; Spend big shape, singly be born in the raceme of stem top or several Cheng Shusheng; Corolla is bell, bluish violet or blue and white, sliver 5.Capsule is avette, top cracking when ripe, herbaceos perennial.Avette or the ovum shape lanceolar of leaf, flower dark blue or mulberry.Root can be used as medicine, and a surname's lung is arranged, eliminates the phlegm, function such as apocenosis.The gentle nice and cool weather of happiness.Be afraid of that high light directly shines seedling stage, must shade, become strain happiness sunlight to be afraid of ponding.Drought-resistant, cold-resistant, be afraid of windburn.Suit that, draining deep at soil layer is good, the soil is porous and contain on the sand loam of humus and cultivate.
Balloonflower root is as Chinese herbal medicine; Its main component is: contain platycodoside (Platycodin). it is the mixture of triterpenic acid that hydrolysis produces sapogenin; Wherein a kind of is polygalic acid (Polygalacic acid), and another kind of is platycodigenin (Platy-codigenin). still contain platycogenic acid A, B and C (Platycogenic acid A, B, C), synanthrin; Platycodonin; Glucose and phytosterol, as spinasterol (α-Spinasterol), hitodesterol-β-D-glycoside (and α-Spinasteryl-β-D-glucoside) etc. its pharmacological action: (1). phlegm-dispelling functions: the balloonflower root decoction can make respiratory tract mucus secretory volume significantly increase after giving the oral 1g/kg of anesthetized dog; Action intensity is similar with ammonium chloride. anesthetized cat also there is the effect that promotes the secretion of respiratory tract mucus. and its mechanism is owing to contained saponin in the balloonflower root; Can stimulate stomach lining, cause mild nausea, reflectivity causes bronchi body of gland secretion increasing; The dilution sputum; And the performance phlegm-dispelling functions. (2). antitussive effect is used the GPT stimulus method, and platycodoside 15mg/kg has antitussive effect. and rough platycodoside is given the anaesthetized guinea pig lumbar injection, and its half antibechic effective dose ED50 is 6.4mg/kg; Point out it that stronger antitussive effect is arranged. (3). the antiinflammatory action platycodoside has stronger antiinflammatory action to acute and chronic inflammation. and the oral 1/10～1/5LD50 dosage of platycodoside has inhibitory action to the foot swelling of rat carrageenan property, the foot swelling of acetic acid property; Oral less than 1/10LD50 dosage, the formation swollen to rat granuloma also has remarkable inhibitory action; Also effective to rat assist agent arthritis.
The effective component of balloonflower root has determined the use value of balloonflower root, makes the value multiplication of balloonflower root, and service efficiency greatly improves; But the balloonflower root seed is tiny, thousand kernel weight 1.5g, germination rate 85%; Artificial planting is few; Its planting technology is a conventional plant kind method for planting at present, and output is not high, can not adapt to the demand in market.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to utilize seed propagation method, at seed collection, plantation is handled, the aspect of growing seedlings control effectively, and has increased output, has improved the planting benefit of balloonflower root.
In order to overcome the defective of prior art, the technical scheme that the present invention adopts is specific as follows:
1, the seed of growing seedlings is selected and remain and is selected for use seeds using to select good strains in the field for seed, select that biennial growth is sturdy, the healthy and strong strain of no damage by disease and insect as the systematic breeding seed strain plant.According to the ripe gradually from top to bottom characteristic of balloonflower root fruit.The strain of will reserving seed for planting cuts off side shoot and top part in early June, and is concentrated to concentrate nutrient to impel the middle and upper part to bloom, the fruit maturation that reaches full growth.When fruit is yellow green, during the seed blackening, in time gather, prevent that the capsule seed that splits is scattered.Kind after gathering is really dried threshing, the sieve decontamination, and behind the flat grain, low temperature drying is preserved, and can prolong seed longevity.From the Plain of high temperature or low latitudes is introduced a fine variety to the high latitude area or the high mountain cultivation, then output increases.
2, the seed treatment of growing seedlings
The balloonflower root seed is tiny, thousand kernel weight 1.5g, and germination rate 85% under the enough situation of 18～25 ℃ of temperature, humidity, is broadcast the back and was emerged in 10～15 days.In order to improve the balloonflower root seeding ratio, place 30 ℃ of warm water to soak in seed, soak and pulled out in 8 hours, wrap with wet cloth, be placed on 25～30 ℃ place, upward build with wet numb sheet, carry out vernalization, dash filter once with warm water every day.5 day time, seed is sprouted and can be sowed.Seeds treated improves 25.5% through vernalization to the emergence rate that shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally.
3, the alternating temperature of growing seedlings is handled
Alternating temperature in the balloonflower root presprouting of seeds is handled, and is a kind of Temperature Treatment method of the seed of sprouting being refined seedling with high temperature, low temperature alternate.Promptly the seed of sprouting, be placed on every day under 1～5 ℃ the low temperature 12～8 hours, be put into again under 18～25 ℃ the higher temperature 6～12 hours, carry out so repeatedly, finish up to vernalization.Through the seed of change temperature hardening, can make the variation of the protoplasm viscosity generation adaptation low temperature of plumule, plasmic retention ability strengthens, so can strengthen the cold hardiness of rice shoot, makes seed sprouting sturdy, and can accelerate growth rate, makes breeding time ahead of time; Especially the anti-low temperature ability of root system in seedling stage strengthens, and yields positive results the phase in advance, improves output.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is that balloonflower root kind method for planting adopts the seed of growing seedlings select and remain, grow seedlings seed treatment, the alternating temperature of growing seedlings to handle and improve the anti-low temperature ability of seed sprouting root system in seedling stage and strengthen, and yields positive results the phase in advance, improves output.
Embodiment
Specify in conjunction with balloonflower root planting base, Gansu
The processing method of instance 1, a kind of balloonflower root breeding seed, concrete technical scheme is following:
(1), selecting and remain of the seed of growing seedlings: the balloonflower root kind has two kinds, and a kind of is pale reddish brown balloonflower root, and another kind is for spending balloonflower root in vain; Selecting pale reddish brown balloonflower root for use is main breed, also can arrange in pairs or groups and spend balloonflower root in vain, its genetic stability; Output is high, but amino acid content and haemocylolysis all are lower than pale reddish brown balloonflower root.The saponin pharmacological properties of two kinds of balloonflower roots is identical, is that pale reddish brown balloonflower root is selected in the breeding of purpose for use with medicinal, is processed as selecting for use of purpose and spends balloonflower root in vain with edible.Select for use general employing of seed to select good strains in the field for seed, select that biennial growth is sturdy, the healthy and strong strain of no damage by disease and insect as the systematic breeding seed strain plant.According to the ripe gradually from top to bottom characteristic of balloonflower root fruit.The strain of will reserving seed for planting cuts off side shoot and top part in early June, and is concentrated to concentrate nutrient to impel the middle and upper part to bloom, the fruit maturation that reaches full growth.When fruit is yellow green, during the seed blackening, in time gather, prevent that the capsule seed that splits is scattered.Kind after gathering is really dried threshing, the sieve decontamination, and behind the flat grain, low temperature drying is preserved, and can prolong seed longevity (stored seeds is prone to loss of life power, a life-span 1a under the normal temperature).Generally from the Plain of high temperature or low latitudes is introduced a fine variety to the high latitude area or the high mountain cultivation, then the output of root improves 22%.
(2), the seed treatment of growing seedlings: the balloonflower root seed is tiny, thousand kernel weight 1.5g, germination rate 85% under the enough situation of 18～25 ℃ of temperature, humidity, is broadcast the back and was emerged in 10～15 days.In order to improve the balloonflower root seeding ratio, place 30 ℃ of warm water to soak in seed, soak and pulled out in 8 hours, wrap with wet cloth, be placed on 25～30 ℃ place, upward build with wet numb sheet, carry out vernalization, dash filter once with warm water every day.5 day time, seed is sprouted and can be sowed.Seeds treated improves 25.5% through vernalization to the emergence rate that shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally.
(3), the alternating temperature of growing seedlings is handled: the alternating temperature in the balloonflower root presprouting of seeds is handled, and is a kind of Temperature Treatment method of the seed of sprouting being refined seedling with high temperature, low temperature alternate.Promptly the seed of sprouting, be placed on every day under 1～5 ℃ the low temperature 12～8 hours, be put into again under 18～25 ℃ the higher temperature 6～12 hours, carry out so repeatedly, finish up to vernalization.Through the seed of change temperature hardening, can make the variation of the protoplasm viscosity generation adaptation low temperature of plumule, plasmic retention ability strengthens, so can strengthen the cold hardiness of rice shoot, makes seed sprouting sturdy, and can accelerate growth rate, makes breeding time ahead of time; Especially the anti-low temperature ability of root system in seedling stage strengthens, and yields positive results the phase in advance, improves output.
(4), plant method for planting
A, choosing ground, whole ground: balloonflower root is dark root perennial crop, likes sunny, nice and cool moistening environment, resists cold, avoids ponding, is afraid of windburn.Select the hills, level land of height above sea level 450-1500m, select the mountain region, hidding and sunny side, fertile folder sandy soil or the high silt soil of humus content of loosing soil.Too the soil that hardens of loose, dry or yellow mud all is difficult for growth, and furcation area is many.In the plot of choosing, about deep ploughing 35cm,, can execute farmyard manure 6.0 ten thousand-7.5 ten thousand kg/ hectare in conjunction with applying fertilizer to the subsoil, break up the clods, smooth after, make the flat furrow of face width 1.3-1.7m.Rainwater more with irrigate easily the area and also can do high furrow, the wide 1.5m of furrow, high 15-20cm, furrow ditch 15-20m.
B, sowing: balloonflower root all can be sowed at spring, summer, Qiu Sanji, and is best with the autumn sowing of late October to early November, emerges then after broadcasting, and vegetative period is long, and fruiting rate and root are slightly apparently higher than spring sowing.Northern area can connect the summer sowing of wheat crops for rotation, and land utilization rate is high, and seed is prone to germination and emergence, is worth advocating.General employing is live, does not advocate seedling raising and transplanting, and because of live output is higher than transplanting, and the root system quality obviously is better than transplanting.Bar is opened traverse furrow by line-spacing 15-20cm sowing time on furrow, dark 5-7cm is about sown scope 10cm; Every separated 8-10cm digs 1 cave during bunch planting, and seed is let go.Broadcast bonnet fire ash or fine earth.Drilling is with seed 8.5-11.5kg/ hectare, and bunch planting is with seed 4.5-5.5kg/ hectare.
C, final singling, fill the gaps with seedlings: final singling when height of seedling 2cm.Bar sowing time stayed for 1 strain strong sprout with spacing 8-10cm; 2 strains are stayed in every cave of bunch planting 6cm at interval.Fill the gaps with seedlings and final singling is carried out simultaneously, to ridge or the cave that is short of seedling, band soil mend plant be prone to into alive.
D, topdress, weeding: the 1st weeding carried out when thinning, first thinning, superphosphate 150.0kg/ hectare is executed in back weeding again, in drill furrow or cave, executes light night soil water 1.2 ten thousand kg/ hectares again, and keeps away seedling lid fine earth.The 2nd fertilising carried out when topdressing back 60d the 1st time, executes farmyard manure 2.5 ten thousand kg/ hectares and people's domestic animals manure 1.8 ten thousand kg/ hectares, imposes in the cave and the weeding ridging.Topdress for the 3rd time when the 2nd year spring height of seedling 6-7cm and before blooming, respectively impose about night soil 2.3 ten thousand kg/ hectares and urea 75.0-105.0kg/ hectare, and carry out weeding.
E, beat bud, defloration a kind of sedge: the balloonflower root florescence is longer, and growing of flowers and fruits will consume a large number of nutrients.Beating bud defloration a kind of sedge is a well stimulation.Except that the seed strain of selecting and remain, be 0.1% ethrel 1 time in full-bloom stage, flower a kind of sedge phase spray concentration, can reach the purpose of removing flower basically.In order to promote main root growth, must destroy the branch twig, every strain is only stayed main bud 1-2, all the other all remove bring back edible.
F, the extermination of disease and insect pest
Root nematode disease: when being endangered, root has the symptom projection, and cauline leaf is early withered on the ground.Prevent and treat method: apply 1500kg/ hectare tea seed cake fertilizer and make base manure, can alleviate harm, carry out soil disinfection with calcium cyanamide or nemagon before broadcasting.Violet root rot: mid-September, harm was serious, and October, root-rot was mashed.Root initial stage of being injured reddens, the netted bronzing mycelia of gathering, and the later stage forms mung bean size purple sclerotium, cauline leaf withered death.Prevent and treat method: must guard against continuous cropping, carry out crop rotation; Pull out diseased plant and burn, sick hole irrigation 5% limewash sterilization.Anthracnose: susceptible disease when the 7-8 month is hot and humid, spread rapidly, the plant death that lodges in flakes, main harm stem culm base, the brown spot appears in the initial stage basal part of stem, is extended to gradually around the stem stalk, and the later stage, disease portion shrank, and plant lodges.Prevent and treat method: before coming up with 500 times of liquid of 20% Tuzet wetting powder spraying prevention, 1: 1: 100 bordeaux mixture of their early stage spray or 800 times of liquid of 50% thiophanate methyl wetting powder, every 10d spray 1 time is sprayed 3-4 time continuously.Ring spot and spot blight: the harm blade, 1: 1: 100 bordeaux mixture of their early stage spray or 1000 times of liquid of 50% carbendazol wettable powder spray 2-3 time continuously.Intend the ground first: harm balloonflower root root, can spray with 800 times of liquid of 90% chlorophos or 1000 times of liquid of 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate in 3-4 month adult pairing-season and the 5-6 larval phase month.
G, gather, process: sowed 2 years or transplant the seed of gathering in then October after can excavate.Gathering influences output too early, crosses slow root skin difficulty and scrapes, and be difficult for drying.Dig out full root, under water after earlier root earth being cleaned, or fragment scrapes off tertia, cleans, dry or with the anthracite oven dry.The general dry product 6000kg/ hectare that produces.
A kind of balloonflower root breeding seed of the present invention processing method adopts the seed of growing seedlings select and remain, grow seedlings seed treatment, the alternating temperature of growing seedlings to handle and improve percentage of seedgermination 25%, and the anti-low temperature ability of root system in seedling stage strengthens, and yields positive results in advance 22 days phases, improves output 32%.Effectively solve the problem of balloonflower root plantation.
Claims (2)
1. the processing method of a balloonflower root breeding seed is characterized in that this method comprises following technical characterictic:
(1), the seed of growing seedlings selects and remain: for selecting good strains in the field for seed, select that biennial growth is sturdy, the healthy and strong strain of no damage by disease and insect as the systematic breeding seed strain plant, when fruit is yellow green, during the seed blackening, in time gather; Kind after gathering is really dried threshing, the sieve decontamination, and behind the flat grain, low temperature drying is preserved;
(2), the seed treatment of growing seedlings: place 30 ℃ of warm water to soak in seed, soak and pulled out in 8 hours, wrap with wet cloth, be placed on 25～30 ℃ place, upward build with wet numb sheet, carry out vernalization, dash filter once with warm water every day, and 5 day time, seed is sprouted and can be sowed;
(3), the alternating temperature of growing seedlings handles: the seed of sprouting, be placed on every day under 1～5 ℃ the low temperature 12～8 hours, be put under 18～25 ℃ the higher temperature 6～12 hours again, carry out so repeatedly, finish up to vernalization.
2. the processing method of a kind of balloonflower root breeding seed as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that handled seed introduces a fine variety to the high latitude area or high mountain cultivation from low latitudes, will increase production 22%.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104641863A (en) * | 2014-06-24 | 2015-05-27 | 林玉地 | Planting method of platycodon grandiflorum |
| CN105519334A (en) * | 2015-12-24 | 2016-04-27 | 中国医学科学院药用植物研究所 | Method for improving seedling rate of small-seeded traditional Chinese medicinal materials in seedling-raising field by applying water-retaining agent |
| CN106211975A (en) * | 2016-07-24 | 2016-12-14 | 普定县瑞鸿生产力促进有限责任公司 | A kind of Radix Platycodonis implantation methods |
| CN107580984A (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2018-01-16 | 界首市致富家庭农场 | A kind of method of woaded blue non-polluted planting |
| CN107873174A (en) * | 2017-11-23 | 2018-04-06 | 陕西省西安植物园 | A kind of method for promoting Franklin's tree seed germination |
-
2012
- 2012-02-29 CN CN2012100484710A patent/CN102523897A/en active Pending
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104641863A (en) * | 2014-06-24 | 2015-05-27 | 林玉地 | Planting method of platycodon grandiflorum |
| CN105519334A (en) * | 2015-12-24 | 2016-04-27 | 中国医学科学院药用植物研究所 | Method for improving seedling rate of small-seeded traditional Chinese medicinal materials in seedling-raising field by applying water-retaining agent |
| CN106211975A (en) * | 2016-07-24 | 2016-12-14 | 普定县瑞鸿生产力促进有限责任公司 | A kind of Radix Platycodonis implantation methods |
| CN107580984A (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2018-01-16 | 界首市致富家庭农场 | A kind of method of woaded blue non-polluted planting |
| CN107873174A (en) * | 2017-11-23 | 2018-04-06 | 陕西省西安植物园 | A kind of method for promoting Franklin's tree seed germination |
| CN107873174B (en) * | 2017-11-23 | 2020-11-06 | 陕西省西安植物园 | Method for promoting seed germination of Franklin |
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Application publication date: 20120704 |