CN106233997A - A kind of rice field-upland field rotation organic cultivation method of long season Fructus Capsici - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses the rice field-upland field rotation organic cultivation method of a kind of long season Fructus Capsici, relate to rotation cropping technical field.Comprise the following steps: (1) selects suitable place to set up organic farming production base；(2) select to grind include Hunan No. 3, Hunan grind No. 13, Hunan grind No. 5, Hunan grind No. 15, Hunan grind No. 6, Mid-late ripening capsicum variety including Xiangyan No.16；(3) rotation system is: cultivation successively in the 1st year: long season Fructus Capsici Bowl bean, cultivation successively in the 2nd year: early rice Corm Eleocharitis, every 2 years is 1 period of crop-rotation；(4) organic hot pepper, organic Bowl bean, organic early rice and the rotation cropping of organic Corm Eleocharitis are carried out according to organic agriculture principle and the organic farm products mode of production and standard, and by straw-returning and retting fertilizer fertilizing soil.The practicality of this rice field-upland field rotation organic cultivation method, with workable, can be applicable in In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River, have good economy, society and ecological benefits, are a kind of efficient ecological circular agriculture cultivation modes.

Description

A kind of rice field-upland field rotation organic cultivation method of long season Fructus Capsici

Technical field

The invention belongs to rotation cropping technical field, be specifically related to the rice field-upland field rotation organic farming side of a kind of long season Fructus Capsici Method.

Background technology

First organic agriculture was proposed by European countries the twenties in 20th century, through practice and the development of decades, progressively Paid attention to by national governments.Organic agriculture is one of good approach solving food-safety problem, is described as " rising industry ", There is wide market prospect.Organic farm products is pure natural, pollution-free, the food of safe nutrition, also referred to as " ecological food Product ", it is to produce according to organic agriculture principle and the organic farm products mode of production and standard, and passes through Organic Food Attestation The agricultural product of agency qualification.Organic farming must produce according to the prescription of organic farm products and production specifications, To ensure that its product is pollution-free, feature rich in nutrition and high-quality.In recent years, organic agriculture is raw owing to having complied with improvement agricultural State environment, the world trends of the production pollution-free Organic food of high-quality, so Organic Farming is rapid, organic farming is increasingly subject to Paying attention to, and progressively develop into for a kind of emerging rising industry, Organic food has become the fashion of people's consumption.Development high-quality The production of the agricultural product such as organic hot pepper, not only can improve the economic benefit of Producer, and can be that consumer's physical and mental health carries For ensureing.

Fructus Capsici (Capsicum annuum L.) belongs to Solanaceae Capsicum 1 year or limited herbaceos perennial, in originating in South America torrid areas, in the most incoming China, generally cultivates all over China now, is that China is only second to Chinese cabbage Second largest vegetable crop, for the popular vegetable of people's eating, is also good flavoring agent.Fructus Capsici is nutritious, containing protein, The mineral such as vitamin, organic acid, pigment, capsaicin and the calcium of human body needs, phosphorus, ferrum, in Fructus Capsici, ascorbic content is vegetables Dish occupies first.Capsaicin energy appetite stimulator in Fructus Capsici, capsanthin have good antioxidation.Eat Fructus Capsici in right amount to have Stomach invigorating, aid digestion, prevent cholelithiasis, improve cardiac function, blood circulation promoting, blood sugar lowering, lowering blood-fat and reducing weight, warming the stomach are dispeled cold, anti- Flu, the dietary function such as also pain relieving heat radiation, skin beauty treatment, radioprotective, growth encourage longevity.China is to occupy the Fructus Capsici first of the whole world to produce With consumption big country, whole nation Fructus Capsici sown area more than more than 140 ten thousand hectares, account for more than the 1/10 of China's vegetable crop cultivated area, produce Measure 27,000,000 tons, the output value reach 27,000,000,000 yuan (Sun Guosheng, Ma Zhihu, Sun Chunqing, etc. Fructus Capsici continuous cropping in early spring no-tillage cultivation technology. in State's melon dish, 2015,28 (1): 55-56), so Fructus Capsici plays an important role in China's vegetable basket project construction.Fructus Capsici is Warm season vegetable, is weak to frost, and its growth promoter requires warm weather, stronger illumination and good ventilation condition, its growth Phase is long, and the supply phase of gathering is long, and yield is high, profitable, in In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River by interval sowing, and the cultivation of mating protection ground, Annually cultivating supply can be carried out.But Fructus Capsici happiness temperature, happiness light, Xi Shui, happiness is fertile, be afraid of flood, the low temperature in In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River spring Rainy sparse sunlight weather easily causes fruit drop, and the best fruiting period, rich water was under-supply or also hold when meeting high temperature and drought, rainy wet weather Easily there is fruit drop, and pest and disease damage harm is serious under the conditions of unfavourable weather, generally uses chemical fertilizer, pesticide during cultivated peppers It is more and be unable to reach the requirement of organic farming, so the organic farming of Fructus Capsici is little at present.Warmhouse booth stubble in early spring is organic peppery Green pepper cultivation technique (Mu Tingjun. Agriculture in Xinjiang science and technology, 2011 (5): 69) and organic hot pepper cultivation technique (Fang Yubing. Anhui agronomy Circular, 201l, 17 (14): 171-172) contribution is, it is proposed that the organic farming of Fructus Capsici；Have a disadvantage in that, typically will Employing facility plastic greenhouse is cultivated, and is all not set up rational rotation system, and Fructus Capsici is weak to continuous cropping, must when carrying out organic farming Organic farming production base must be initially set up, if plant Fructus Capsici in same plot year after year, on the one hand pathogen can be caused to accumulate, Cause the soil-borne diseases such as bacterial wilt serious；On the other hand in close soil layer, identical nutrient substance is absorbed due to root system, Continuous cropping can cause soil lack some element and make soil physical and chemical property deteriorate, and is susceptible to continuous cropping obstacle.Owing to Fructus Capsici is general Require to carry out the crop rotation of more than 2～3 years or rice field-upland field rotation, above-mentioned Fructus Capsici organic cultivation method be difficult in actual production to apply or It is difficult to be truly realized organic farming.Therefore, carry out must formulating during Fructus Capsici organic farming the rotation plan fertilizing soil of science with Reduce the pest and disease damage radix in soil, effectively to prevent and treat the generation of the soil-borne diseases such as bacterial wilt and soil continuous cropping obstacle.Bulbus Allii, Two kinds five of Fructus Capsici 1 year receives organic cultivation method (application number 201410465914.5, application publication number CN 104255243 A) Contribution is, it is proposed that Fructus Capsici and Bulbus Allii crop rotation carry out the technical scheme of organic farming；Have a disadvantage in that, annual in same piece of land Producing 1 batch of Fructus Capsici, every 1 batch of Fructus Capsici and 1 batch of Bulbus Allii crop rotation, owing to the crop rotation time is the shortest, the generation of pest and disease damage is still the tightest , in cultivation, there is bigger risk, and employ the chemical agents such as 10% tertiary sodium phosphate in weight, the most truly Organic farming.

Semen Pisi sativi (Pisum sativum) is that one likes the leguminous herbaceous plant that cools, for the fourth-largest legume crop in the world.Semen Pisi sativi Rich in multiple nutritional components such as rich in protein, dietary fiber, provitamin As, the resistance of human body can be improved, help digest Deng；Provitamin A in Semen Pisi sativi can be converted into vitamin A in vivo, has the effect of moist skin；Rich in vitamin in Semen Pisi sativi In C and energy decomposer, the enzyme of nitrosamine, can have anticancer, protective effect on cancer risk with decomposing nitrosamine.Bowl bean gather haricot stripping grain make For a kind of delicious vegetables in season in spring, liked by more and more people, had been enter into the vegetable basket of more and more people.Bowl bean is adopted Receive haricot listing to eat raw as vegetable, the most good in economic efficiency, but also can allow the growth of stubble, beneficially succession crop early. Bowl bean root has root nodule bacteria fixed nitrogen, with luxuriant foliage and spreading branches in leafy profusion, easily becomes thoroughly decomposed, and is important green manure, the Bowl bean straw pressure after haricot of gathering Green grass or young crops makees green manure, is high-quality fertilizer, beneficially fertilizing soil, increases soil fertility.Bowl bean has stronger tolerance to cold, is development The elite crop that winter kind produces.Bowl bean planted in fall Overwintering Growth, growth stage temperature is low, and pest and disease damage occurs few, cultivation management Relatively easy, low cost, planting benefit is good.But Semen Pisi sativi is weak to continuous cropping, if carrying out efficent rotation with Fructus Capsici, Oryza sativa L. etc., then There are good economy, society and ecological benefits.

Oryza sativa L. (Oryza sativa) is the most important cereal crops in the Yangtze river basin, is also to carry out floods and droughts with vegetables such as Fructus Capsicis Crop rotation and carry out the chief crop of rotation cropping with aquatic vegetables such as Corm Eleocharitiss.Although the production method of organic rice has multiple at present (see: Xia Lili etc. area, Baoying County organic paddy rice cultivation technique. modern agriculture science and technology, 2013 (23): 58,63；A kind of high yield has The production method of machine rice, CN 103733929 B；The production technology of a kind of organic fragrant rice, CN 103250606 B), but mostly because of Do not use scientific and reasonable crop rotation and fertility cultivation, existence fertilizer the most in various degree is not enough and long potential difference, yield poorly, The problem of Pest organism harm weight.Although Oryza sativa L. is the crop of resistance to continuous cropping, but owing to the production of organic rice can not use chemical agent Preventing and treating, long-term continuous cropping also results in the accumulation of field pathogen and the increase of insect density, passes through rice field despite the use of The methods such as duck culturing, Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann, shrimp and fish control the generation of field insect pest, have employed Chinese herbal medicine fluid seed soaking, plant insecticide prevention The multiple method such as spray and carry out the preventing and treating of pest and disease damage, but occur also to there will be pest and disease damage than the more serious time at pest and disease damage cannot The problem controlled, thus cause Severe Reduction, even occur cultivating unsuccessfully.Therefore, Oryza sativa L. organic farming is also necessary implementation section Learn rational crop rotation, particularly carry out rice field-upland field rotation.Fructus Capsici carries out rice field-upland field rotation with Oryza sativa L., not only contributes to improve the soil in rice field Earth physicochemical character, increases fertility of land and fertilizer efficiency, and can effectively suppress the diseases such as pepper ralstonia solanacearum, anthrax, epidemic disease, reduces disease pest Crop smothering occurs, moreover it is possible to improves rice yield and significantly improves economic benefit, having significant economic benefit and ecological benefits.

Corm Eleocharitis (Eleocharis dulcis) has another name called Horse hoof, Shui Li, Di Li, a kind of wild plant, the subteranean stem of which is like water chestnut etc., belongs to Cyperaceae Eleocharis, is shallow Aqueous perennial root herbaceous plant, makees fruit or vegetable with underground bulb and eats, can eat raw or prepared food, also can process canning or Make to extract the raw material of starch.Corm Eleocharitis has a good effects of clearing away heat-fire, both can clearing away heat and promoting production of body fluid, can supplement the nutrients again, there is removing heat from blood Removing toxic substances, diuresis relieving constipation, Cleering damp and dissolving phlegm, help digestion the effects such as de-swelling, and persons many to diabetic urine have certain auxiliary therapeutic action, Corm Eleocharitis In " puchiin " have blood pressure lowering and the effect of anti-curing cancers.Corm Eleocharitis also has the function preventing acute infectious disease, in measles, popular Property meningitis more incident spring, Corm Eleocharitis is good diseases prevention food.Corm Eleocharitis is universal, with river in the cultivation of Yangtze river basin each province It is more that Soviet Union, Zhejiang, Guangdong, Guangxi, Anhui, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi etc. save cultivation.Corm Eleocharitis color of the leather purple is black, and meat is pure white, and matter is crisp Taste is sweet, and how tasty and refreshing juice is, nutritious, rich in various mineral elements and vitamin, the aminoacid of needed by human body, containing albumen Matter, fat, crude fibre, carotene, vitamin B, vitamin C, ferrum, calcium, phosphorus and carbohydrate etc., have underground pear from ancient times Good reputation, northerner regard as south of the River Radix Ginseng, therefore cultivate the better economic benefit of Corm Eleocharitis.Corm Eleocharitis is weak to continuous cropping, how in Oryza sativa L. Field crop rotation Corm Eleocharitis, but Corm Eleocharitis is relatively low with the economic benefit of Oryza sativa L. crop rotation, and Corm Eleocharitis and Fructus Capsici carry out rice field-upland field rotation, the most economical Benefit is preferable, and can also improve Soil structure, culture fertility, reduces the occurrence degree of disease pest and weed, reduces agriculture chemical use Amount, can improve product quality and yield, it is thus possible to significantly improve economic benefit.

Summary of the invention

It is an object of the invention to provide the rice field-upland field rotation organic cultivation method of a kind of long season Fructus Capsici, by Fructus Capsici and bean Section's crop Bowl bean, field crop Oryza sativa L. and efficient aquatic crops Corm Eleocharitis carry out scientific and reasonable rice field-upland field rotation, except carrying Outside high economic benefit, it is often more important that can reduce Weed infestation, that destroys disease pest source grows environment to reduce sending out of pest and disease damage Raw degree, improves soil fertility structure, the reparation of promotion soil environment；At the later stage interplanting Bowl bean of gathering of long season Fructus Capsici, adopt Receiving haricot, to make vegetable the most good in economic efficiency, but also can allow the growth of stubble, beneficially succession crop early, by the straw of Bowl bean Stalk as green manure plough under in soil can fertilizing soil, after every batch of crop harvesting, heap after straw collecting is made fertilizer or also field on the spot Also can fertilizing soil, preferably achieve organic matter recovery, improve soil fertility, the optimum of crop cultivation can be formed and follow Ring, to maintain balance and the bio-diversity of farmland ecosystem, thus reaches the purpose of organic farming.Crop rotation of the present invention is organic " Organic food technical specification " (HJ/T80-2001) that cultural method is promulgated in strict accordance with State Environmental Protection Administration plants Training, in same organic farming production base in addition to can cultivating organic hot pepper, it is also possible to cultivate organic Bowl bean, early rice and water chestnut Shepherd's purse.

The rice field-upland field rotation organic cultivation method of a kind of long season Fructus Capsici, comprises the following steps:

(1) suitable place is selected to set up organic farming production base；

(2) select suitable capsicum variety: select include Hunan grind No. 3, Hunan grind No. 13, Hunan grind No. 5, Hunan grind No. 15, Hunan grind 6 Number, Xiangyan No.16 is strong at interior thermostability, wide adaptability, moisture-proof, drought-enduring, disease-resistant, collection period length, high yield, stable yields, high-quality, suitable Cultivate the middle-late ripening variety with the market demand with being fated, the seed processed without banned substance will be selected, prohibit the use of transgenic Seed；

(3) rotation system is: cultivation successively in the 1st year: long season Fructus Capsici Bowl bean, cultivation successively in the 2nd year: early rice-Corm Eleocharitis, It within every 2 years, it is 1 period of crop-rotation；

(4) carry out organic hot pepper, organic Bowl bean according to organic agriculture principle and the organic farm products mode of production and standard, have Machine early rice and the rotation cropping of organic Corm Eleocharitis, and by straw-returning and retting fertilizer fertilizing soil.

Organic farming production base described in step (1) is that traffic convenience, irrigation and drainage are convenient, away from city and industrial and mining area, life State condition is good, heavy metal free and pesticide residual contamination, away from soot and other polluter and traffic backbone, and have can The agricultural producing areas of continuous production ability, soil environment quality requires to be not less than " standard of soil environment quality " (GB 15618- 1995) secondary standard in, irrigation water water quality meets the regulation of " agricultural irrigation water quality standard " (GB 5084-2005), and environment is empty Makings amount is not less than the secondary standard in " ambient air quality " (GB 3095-2012)；Each organic farming production base Cultivated area not less than 10 hectares, production base is linked to be sheet, has integrity, and organic production base is handed over the conventional plot that produces Obvious isolation strip or buffer strip is had at boundary.

Described organic farming includes following measures:

In whole cultivation, prohibit the use of including pesticide, chemical fertilizer, herbicide, hormone or growth regulator Artificial chemistry synthetic, does not use technique for gene engineering and products thereof, many with the balance and biology maintaining farmland ecosystem Sample；

Application of organic fertilizers, plantation legume is only allowed to foster and apply fertilizer soil as green manure and straw-returning in whole cultivation Earth, fertilizer uses one or more in fertilizer, efficient organic fertilizer and the bio-bacterial manure fully become thoroughly decomposed, except using animal excreta Just and outside plant retting fertilizer, green manure, plant ash, cake fertilizer, biogas manure, moreover it is possible to use potassium breeze, ground phosphate rock, calcium chloride, also can make With through the organic fertilizer of Organic certification agency qualification and microbial manure；

The plant protection policy of " putting prevention first, integrated control " is implemented in the preventing and treating of disease pest and weed, from whole farmland production environment Ecosystem sets out, the various prophylactico-therapeutic measures of integrated use, creates and is unfavorable for that disease pest and weed grows, is conducive to the procreation of all kinds of natural enemies Environmental condition, reduces the loss that disease pest and weed causes, and based on integrated pest control in agriculture, uses biological and physical method preventing and treating, The pesticide not using synthetic carries out chemical prevention, when there being pest and disease damage to occur, utilizes the mineral or plant allowing to use Medicament carrys out prevention and elimination of disease and pests, it is possible to use rotenone, the Pyrethrum of plant origin, prosparol and kieselguhr, and includes Bacillus thuringensis, Bt preparation carry out the preventing and treating of pest and disease damage at interior microorganism and preparation thereof, it is possible to use sulfur, Calx, stone are thio The prevention and elimination of disease and pests such as agent, Bordeaux mixture；

Stablizing of farmland ecosystem to be maintained, it is impossible to cause environmental pollution and ecological disruption, often Plant residue will be cleared up in time after stubble crop harvesting, heap after straw collecting is made fertilizer or goes back field fertilizing soil on the spot, Making the agriculture Organic substance including straw all be integrated into utilizing, the garbage that can not degrade including agricultural film all returns Receive and be used.

Organic hot pepper cultivation described in step (4) is: previous crops Corm Eleocharitis is turned over after gathering early, cultivates 1 batch of long season after shining soil Joint Fructus Capsici, including: select adapted varieties, cultivate anosis strong sprout, in good time field planting, field management and gather.

Described cultivation is anosis, and strong sprout is: in last year December～early and middle ten days in January use booth or nurse young plants in hothouses, use nutrition Nursery is broadcasted sowing in the seedling culture hole plate nursery of hole, alms bowl/50 or employing seedbed, uses seedbed to treat that seedling grows 3～4 true leaves when broadcasting sowing nursery In time, heeled on seedbed or in the seedling culture hole plate of hole, nutritive cube/50；If not heeling in, then notice that thickness of sowing is the dilutest, treats seedling When growing 3～4 true leaves by between seedling between Miao Yumiao at a distance of 5～10cm；Strengthen during nursery temperature and water management with Ensure that growth of seedling is healthy and strong；The standard in strong sprout is: short between seedling stem slubbing, blade plumpness is dark green, well developed root system, plant height 15～ 20cm, thick more than the 0.4cm of stem, have 8～10 true leaves, and the seedling of 50%～70% buddings.

Described organic hot pepper cultivation is: uses zanjon height bedding cultivation, selects anosis strong sprout fixed in early and middle ten days covering with ground sheeting in April Planting, every mu of field planting 2000～3000 strain, late May starts to gather, and strengthens rich water quality management, can gather to November always.

The fertilization principle of described organic hot pepper cultivation is repeatedly to topdress in the case of using sufficient base manure, adheres to thin fertile diligent Execute, light rear weight before dose；Execute decomposed dung 3000～4000kg, cake fertilizer 200～250kg or person poultry muck 3000 of becoming thoroughly decomposed for every mu ～4000kg, ground phosphate rock 30～50kg, potassium breeze 20～30kg make base manure；Executing after Seedling is delayed in field planting 1 time and carry seed manure, green pepper sits door After execute 1 fertilizer, the most often gather 1～2 time to combine and water and topdress 1 time, early stage is watered and is executed 10%～20% and become thoroughly decomposed night soil or biogas slurry, Each 200～300kg, the later stage waters and executes 20%～30% and become thoroughly decomposed night soil or biogas slurry, and each 300～600kg, result is contained the phase and also wanted Spread manuer in holes the cake fertilizer 50～100kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed.

The water management of described organic hot pepper cultivation is: water field planting water after field planting immediately, suitably controls to water after slow Seedling, Hestening rooting；Phase of bearing fruit abundance to be supplied water, particularly autumn in summer hot-dry season rich water to be ensured stable market supply, and pour water should be Carry out when sooner or later cooling；Rainy season carries out the work that digs trenches to drain the water away, and prevents flood stain to hinder root.

Organic Bowl bean cultivation described in step (4) is: after gather later stage or the end of gathering of Fructus Capsici mid-October～ Original mulch film no-tillage direct bunch planting interplanting Bowl bean (every two strain Fructus Capsicis in often row Fructus Capsici are retained mid-November on pepper cultivation furrow Middle program request 1 cave Bowl bean, every drill seeding kind 2 row Bowl bean), clean rural area after gathering end to Fructus Capsici in November in time and strengthen Bowl bean Management, in mid-April next year, end of gathering allows stubble to haricot, is ploughed under in soil as green manure by the straw after haricot of gathering and fosters and apply fertilizer Soil, then 1 batch of early rice of cultivation.

Above-mentioned Bowl bean kind is that high yield, Resistant, tolerance to cold are relatively strong, wide adaptability, Pod Bearing Percentage are high and the Relatively centralized that bears pods Improved seeds, including: Ah pole gram this, little blue or green pod, Hangzhou spend in vain, Chengdu winter Semen Pisi sativi, middle pea 4, middle pea 6, select not Through the seed that banned substance processes, prohibit the use of transgenic seed.

The cultivation of above-mentioned organic Bowl bean is typically sowed in mid-October～mid-November, uses bunch planting, every bunch planting 4～5 kinds Son, it is ensured that more than planting density l ten thousand strain/mu, during sowing, every mu is mixed and stirred become thoroughly decomposed with ground phosphate rock 20～40kg, potassium breeze 10～20kg Lid seed manure made by barnyard manure or farmyard manure or burnt dust-ashes 1000～1500kg.

Rice growing organic morning described in step (4) is: after previous crops Bowl bean is gathered, Bowl bean straw is ploughed under soil of fostering and apply fertilizer in soil Earth, cultivates 1 batch of early rice after using sufficient base manure in conjunction with ploughing soil；Early rice selects the kind of suitable local environment in late March ～early April seeding and seedling raising, mid or late April rice transplanting, early rice harvesting after immediately Caulis et Folium Oryzae is ploughed under Tanaka take advantage of high temperature macerate rotten Caulis et Folium Oryzae training Fertile soil.

Above-mentioned organic early rice planting and selecting disease and insect resistance is strong, resistant to lodging, wide adaptability, yielding ability are good, meter Zhi Hao, suitably work as Ground ecological environment, quality reach country and plant the excellent non-transgenic early-paddy brown rice of substandard, and prioritizing selection is through Organic certification mechanism The organic paddy rice seed of certification；Using water-raised seedling method to concentrate seedling, rice seedling bed combines to turn over every mu to execute prior to seeding for 3～5 days to be filled The high-quality fertilizer 1000～2000kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, ground phosphate rock 30～50kg or cake fertilizer 150kg is divided to make base manure；General at late March～4 The first tenday period of a month moon are sowed, and the length of time rice seedlings grow controlled within 30 days.

Above-mentioned organic morning, rice growing carried out the rational application of fertilizer, in conjunction with ploughing soil according to front rush, middle control, the most steady fertilization principle The farm organic fertilizers 1000～2000kg such as every mu of barnyard manure executing fully to become thoroughly decomposed or cake fertilizer 100～150kg, ground phosphate rock 30～50kg do Base manure；After transplanting 4～5 days every mu impose and become thoroughly decomposed cake fertilizer 100～150kg or organic commercial fertilizer 50～100kg makees tillering fertilizer, shine After the rehydration of field, horse back every mu executes the cake fertilizer 50～100kg or organic commercial fertilizer about 50kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed as ear manuer.

Organic Corm Eleocharitis cultivation described in step (4) is: after the harvesting of previous crops early rice, Caulis et Folium Oryzae ploughs under Tanaka immediately and takes advantage of high temperature and macerate Rotten Caulis et Folium Oryzae fertilizing soil, cultivates 1 batch of Corm Eleocharitis after using sufficient base manure in conjunction with arable land；Corm Eleocharitis selects to be suitable for the kind of locality cultivation, April Early and middle ten days begins with two-phase method and cultivates anosis strong sprout, mid or late July field planting, and early Febuary in mid or late November to next year gathers.

Above-mentioned organic Corm Eleocharitis is cultivated, and the kind of selection is disease-resistant, strong stress resistance, and bulb is big, skin is thin, taste is sweet, matter fine slag is few, It is suitable for working as in the high yield cultivated, high-quality Corm Eleocharitis kind, including: Hubei Province shepherd's purse 1, osmanthus hoof 2, Xiaogan Corm Eleocharitis, 91-33 Corm Eleocharitis, Guilin Horse hoof, Shayang County Corm Eleocharitis, Tuanfeng County Corm Eleocharitis, Huichang County Corm Eleocharitis, Yuhang Radix Campylotropis Hirtella (Herba Myrsines Africanae), Suzhou Corm Eleocharitis.

The cultivation of above-mentioned two-phase method is anosis strong sprout: formerly year Corm Eleocharitis Later growth, growth selection neat and consistent, tiller divide Strain field strong, without lodging, without disease pest harm makees seed field, select full, epidermis is smooth and color and luster consistent, individual big the most uniform, Terminal bud and lateral bud are complete, healthy and strong, without wound, rot, have the bulb of this varietal characteristic, use stage nursery (drought Seedling) and two Stage nursery (rice seedling bed Seedling) two-phase method nursery；First stage nursery (upland nursery) is: April early and middle ten days select wind sheltering to Sun, loosing soil, fertile nonirrigated farmland or vegetable garden soil, hoe pine table soil about 10cm, it is made into furrow wide 100～the seedbed of 150cm, plants shepherd's purse and use Clean clear water soaks 18～24 hours, takes out in neatly coming seedbed after draining open fire and carries out upland nursery, holding of periodically watering Ground moistening is to lifting, and early stage takes Small plastic shed and lid plastic sheeting carries out accelerating germination, transplants extremely when kind of top dome bud length 20～25cm Rice seedling bed carries out second stage nursery；Second stage nursery (rice seedling bed nursery) is: select irrigation and drainage abundant paddy field convenient, organic, After using sufficient base manure, water is ploughed and is made into seedling field, in mid or late May carrying out in the seedling replanting in cultivating seedlings in dry land seedbed to rice seedling bed Rice seedling bed nursery, when height of seedling reaches 35～more than 40cm, field planting during cladode thick more than 0.5cm.

The principle of " front control steady, middle, then attack " is grasped in the fertilising of above-mentioned organic Corm Eleocharitis cultivation, and base manure to be used sufficient, in conjunction with turning over The farm organic fertilizer such as farmyard manure or decomposed dung 2000～3000kg or person poultry muck 1000～2000kg of becoming thoroughly decomposed are executed in every mu of soil Or the rapeseed cake 150～200kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, separately adding ground phosphate rock 40kg, potassium breeze 20kg makees base manure, acid heavier soil is when ploughing Quick lime 50～100kg/ mu to be executed；Early stage of topdressing based on nitrogenous fertilizer, the later stage based on potash fertilizer, topdress after field planting 7 for the 1st time ～10 days, transplanting combines the 1st intertillage every mu and executes the night soil 400～500kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed after turning green, to promote early tiller plant division, and the 2nd Secondary topdress every 10～15 days, execute in conjunction with weeding every mu and become thoroughly decomposed cake fertilizer 70～80kg or plant ash 100～200kg promotes envelope row, the 3rd Secondary topdress at JIUYUE early and middle ten days, execute the cake fertilizer 100kg or methane liquid 750kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed for every mu, separately add potassium breeze 20kg, to promote knot shepherd's purse.

Rice field-upland field rotation organic cultivation method of the present invention is particularly well-suited to In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River.

The present invention has following good effect: Fructus Capsici is a kind of solanaceous vegetables being weak to continuous cropping, to the requirement of rich water relatively Height, and pest species is many, harm weight, due to the reason such as accumulation of pathogen during continuous cropping, the soil-borne disease such as bacterial wilt Occur ratio more serious, be susceptible to soil continuous cropping obstacle, along with the increase of Cultivation time during Fructus Capsici continuous cropping, chemical fertilizer, the making of pesticide Consumption to increase year by year and can be only achieved expected yield, even if using chemical fertilizer, pesticide the most in a large number, also there will be the underproduction year by year Phenomenon, so Fructus Capsici common cultivation is extremely difficult to the requirement of organic farming, if first Fructus Capsici organic farming to be carried out must build Vertical scientific and reasonable rotation system.Bowl bean is weak to continuous cropping, and Bowl bean and the crop such as Fructus Capsici, Oryza sativa L. carry out efficent rotation, not only improve The organic farming of Bowl bean, can foster and apply fertilizer again and improve soil, beneficially the organic farming of other rotation crops such as Fructus Capsici, Oryza sativa L.. Corm Eleocharitis is also weak to continuous cropping, and Corm Eleocharitis and Fructus Capsici carry out rice field-upland field rotation not only better economic benefit, and can also improve Soil structure, training Fertile soil fertility, reduces the occurrence degree of pest and disease damage.Although Oryza sativa L. is the crop of resistance to continuous cropping, but long-term continuous cropping also results in field cause of disease The accumulation of bacterium and the increase of insect density.The present invention uses Fructus Capsici and legume Bowl bean, field crop Oryza sativa L. and High-efficient Water Raw crop Corm Eleocharitis carries out scientific and reasonable rice field-upland field rotation, except improving land utilization ratio, increases yield per unit area and carries High product quality, increase economic efficiency outside, it is often more important that form distinct floods and droughts ecological environment by rice field-upland field rotation, no Only can reduce Weed infestation, that destroys disease pest source grows the environment occurrence degree with reduction pest and disease damage, but also can equalize Utilize soil nutrient, improve soil physico-chemical property and soil fertility structure, form the change of the mutual supplement with each other's advantages such as soil physical and chemical property, Promote the reparation of soil environment；At later stage no-tillage direct sowing interplanting Bowl bean on pepper cultivation furrow of gathering of long season Fructus Capsici, It is the most good in economic efficiency that haricot of gathering makees vegetable, but also can allow the growth of stubble, beneficially succession crop early, by Bowl bean Straw ploughs under in soil as green manure can fertilizing soil, it is possible to reach that province is fertile, the purpose of high yield；Meanwhile, will after every batch of crop harvesting After straw collecting, heap is made fertilizer or goes back field fertilizing soil on the spot, preferably achieves the recovery of organic matter, adds soil The middle content of organic matter, improves soil fertility, can form the benign cycle of crop cultivation, maintains the balance of farmland ecosystem And bio-diversity, it is ensured that sustainable development of agricultural production, thus reach the purpose of organic farming.The present invention is in strict accordance with organic Prescription and the production specifications of agricultural product are cultivated, and do not use pesticide, chemical fertilizer, weeding in whole production process The artificial synthetic such as agent, hormone is cultivated, by selecting the place being suitable for set up organic farming production base, select properly Kind, cultivate anosis strong sprout, timely field planting, use various feasible field management comprehensive technical measure, make full use of light, The resources such as heat, water, gas, fertilizer, create and are conducive to Fructus Capsici, Bowl bean, early rice and Corm Eleocharitis growth promoter to be unfavorable for that disease pest and weed occurs Environmental condition, be possible not only in same organic farming production base cultivate organic hot pepper, it is also possible to cultivate organic Bowl bean, early rice And Corm Eleocharitis.Within 1 period of crop-rotation, the yield of 1 batch of Long term cultivation organic hot pepper is 4000～5000kg/ mus, 1 batch of organic bowl The haricot yield of bean is 750～950kg/ mus, and the yield of 1 batch of organic early rice is 480～560kg/ mus, 1 batch of organic Corm Eleocharitis Yield is 1500～2500kg/ mus.Fructus Capsici, Bowl bean, early rice and the Corm Eleocharitis not only quality produced is excellent, meets the matter of organic farm products Amount requirement, and yield is high, does not has notable difference with the yield of conventional cultivation.The science of technology of this crop rotation organic cultivation method are closed Reason, practicality, with workable, are a kind of efficient ecological circular agriculture cultivation modes, have good society, economy and life State benefit, can be applicable in In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River.

Detailed description of the invention

Below embodiment is had can the essence of the present invention to be described in detail, without limiting the present invention.

Embodiment 1

1. select suitable place to set up organic farming production base

Select traffic convenience, irrigation and drainage convenient, away from city and industrial and mining area (general requirement is at a distance of more than 10 kilometers), ecological bar Part is good, heavy metal free and pesticide residual contamination, away from the polluter such as soot (pollution-free source within least 5 kilometers of periphery) with Traffic backbone, and the agricultural producing areas with sustainable production capacity set up organic farming production base.Production base soil Earth environmental quality requirement is not less than the secondary standard in " standard of soil environment quality " (GB 15618-1995), and requires ground Gesture is invigorating, the physicochemical property of soil is good, water conservation fertilizer-preserving ability is strong, deep fertile, the effective soil layer of soil layer reaches more than 60cm, soil row Water venting capability is good, biological activity strong, the content of organic matter is more than 15g/kg.Irrigation water water quality meets " field irrigation water quality mark Accurate " regulation of (GB 5084-2005), it is desirable to cleaning of having abundant water resources, water quality is excellent, canal system is supporting.Ambient air quality is not less than Secondary standard in " ambient air quality " (GB 3095-2012), it is desirable to air cleaner.Organic production base should have Certain scale, general cultivated area is not less than 10 hectares.Production base should be linked to be sheet, have integrity, can not be mingled with therebetween into The plot that row routine produces, but allow to there is organic conversion plot.Production base requires opposed flattened, the good supporting ditch system of excavation, Reach in field that outside field, irrigation canals and ditches are unimpeded, fill defecation profit.Organic production base with conventional produce plot intersection must have significantly every From band, such as river, irrigation canals and ditches etc..If plot, edge is likely polluted by neighbouring conventional plot and is affected, then must be organic And buffer strip or the physical barrier of about 10m are set between conventional plot, the most contaminated to ensure organic plot.In view of certain A little materials can remain the quite a long time in the environment, conventional production systems typically require 2 years to organic production conversion Transition period, after the agricultural product such as the Fructus Capsici cultivated thereafter results could as organic products, the Fructus Capsici of cultivation in i.e. the 3rd year and other Agricultural product are only organic farm products.

2. prescription and production specifications according to organic farm products produce

Produce principle according to organic agriculture, to follow the course of nature and based on ecological principle, use breeding to combine, follow The agricultural technology of a series of sustainable developments such as ring regeneration, the balance maintaining farmland ecosystem and bio-diversity produces, In whole cultivation, prohibit the use of the artificial synthetics matter such as pesticide, chemical fertilizer, herbicide, hormone or growth regulator, Do not use technique for gene engineering and products thereof.

(1) improvement of soil fertility and proper use of fertilizer

In order to ensure the sustainable production capacity in organic production base, fostering and apply fertilizer of soil is extremely important.Bowl bean is important Vegetable, grain, feedstuff and green manure dual-purpose crop, after Bowl bean results, green manure fertilizer efficiency height is done in stem stalk green manuring, can effectively improve soil Physicochemical character, improves soil organic matter content, is enriched with and increases soil nutrient, being effectively improved soil fertility, can be that rear stubble is made Thing provides multiple available nutrient, reaches land used and increases soil fertility and organise the purpose of cultivation with promoting agricultural, so after the gathering of Fructus Capsici Phase is no-tillage direct sowing interplanting Bowl bean, is possible not only to obtain higher economic benefit, and can also culture fertility, supplement for soil Nutrient, improves Soil structure, and the production for agricultural product such as organic hot pepper is taken a firm foundation.Only allow application of organic fertilizers and plantation The green manure such as legume and straw-returning fertilizing soil, will use fertilizer, efficient organic fertilizer and the bio-bacterial manure fully become thoroughly decomposed. The fertilizer such as chicken manure, pig manure need to carry out harmless treatment in 2 months before administration, and fertilizer is mixed wet rear heap fermentation so that it is fully Become thoroughly decomposed.Shortcoming slowly is discharged, it is possible to use allow use to have fixed nitrogen, phosphorus decomposing, solution for fertilizer early stage available nutrient The microorganism fertilizers such as the root nodule bacteria of potassium effect, bacillus cereus, photosynthetic bacteria and phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria, nutrient is accelerated in the activity through probiotics Release, promotes the crop effective utilization to nutrient.Allow the fertilizer type that uses except animal wastes and plant retting fertilizer, green manure, Outside plant ash, cake fertilizer, biogas manure, it be also possible to use the materials such as potassium breeze, ground phosphate rock, calcium chloride, it is possible to use through Organic certification machine The organic fertilizer of structure certification and microbial manure.

(2) disease pest and weed integrated control

Implement the plant protection policy of " putting prevention first, integrated control ", from the ecosystem of whole farmland production environment, combine Close and use various prophylactico-therapeutic measuress, create the environmental condition being unfavorable for that disease pest and weed grows, is conducive to the procreation of all kinds of natural enemies, reduce disease The loss that Cordyceps evil causes, based on integrated pest control in agriculture, uses biological and physical method preventing and treating, does not use synthetic Pesticide carries out chemical prevention.Cultural control mainly by select resistance kind, carry out efficent rotation, cultivate of the right age anosis Strong sprout, use various possible cultivation technique measure to carry out the cultivation management of science, create be conducive to crop growth and not It is beneficial to the environmental condition that disease pest and weed occurs, to strengthen the resistant to diseases and insects of plant.It is raw that biological and physical control is to try to protection Producing the ecological environment in base, maintain the ecological balance of nature, the hostile insect in Appropriate application sky carries out Biological control；Utilize insect The intrinsic light that becomes, the taste that becomes are to catch and kill insect, and every 2～3 hectares of production base to be installed 1 solar insect-killing light (frequency ventilating type is killed Worm lamp HLD-01) carry out insect-killing trapping.When pest and disease damage occurs more serious, it is possible to use allow some mineral and the plant used Medicament carrys out prevention and elimination of disease and pests, also can use rotenone, the Pyrethrum of plant origin, prosparol and kieselguhr with limitation, And microorganism and preparation thereof such as bacillus thuringensis, Bt preparation etc. carry out the preventing and treating of pest and disease damage, it is possible to use sulfur, stone with limitation The prevention and elimination of disease and pests such as ash, lime sulfur, Bordeaux mixture.

(3) protection base ecological environment

Require in process of production not cause environmental pollution and ecological disruption, so will be timely after every batch of crop harvesting Cleaning plant residue, thoroughly sweeps, cleans base, is all transported by plant invalid body and destroys or buried, to reduce disease outside base Insect pest radix.Heap after straw collecting made fertilizer or goes back field fertilizing soil on the spot, making agricultural Organic substance all quilts such as straw Comprehensive utilization.The garbage that agricultural film etc. can not be degraded all to reclaim and to be used.

3. work out scientific and reasonable rotation plan and carry out organic farming

Fructus Capsici is weak to continuous cropping, and during continuous cropping, not only the soil-borne disease such as bacterial wilt occurs serious, and is susceptible to soil even Making obstacle, the most then the underproduction, Chong Zehui garden has no harvest, so must formulate the rotation plan of science during Fructus Capsici organic farming, sets up and closes The rotation system of reason, to control disease pest harm and to prevent the generation of soil continuous cropping obstacle.Through years of researches and production practices, grind Study carefully and summed up In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River long season Fructus Capsici organic farming rotation system and be: long season Fructus Capsici-Bowl bean the (the 1st Year)-early rice-Corm Eleocharitis (the 2nd year), 1 period of crop-rotation is 2 years.Within 1st year, first cultivate 1 batch of long season Fructus Capsici, in long season Fructus Capsici Gather the later stage or gather end after on pepper cultivation furrow, retain the no-tillage direct cave of original mulch film mid-October～mid-November Broadcasting interplanting Bowl bean, gather to Fructus Capsici in November and clean rural area in time after terminating and strengthen the management of Bowl bean, Bowl bean is in spring Mo next year Gather and immediately straw is ploughed under fertilizing soil in soil, then 1 batch of early rice of cultivation as green manure, after early rice harvesting immediately after haricot Caulis et Folium Oryzae ploughs under Tanaka take advantage of high temperature and macerate rotten Caulis et Folium Oryzae fertilizing soil, then cultivates 1 batch of Corm Eleocharitis, Corm Eleocharitis gather after again by above-mentioned rotation cropping Pattern is cultivated.

(1) long season Fructus Capsici organic production

1. adapted varieties is selected

In the case of current China has obtained the organic hot pepper seed of certification the most, should select to process without banned substance Seed, prohibit the use of transgenic seed.Thermostability to be selected is strong, wide adaptability, moisture-proof, drought-enduring, disease-resistant, collection period length, rich Product, stable yields, high-quality, be suitable for locality cultivation and the middle-late ripening variety of the market demand, as entrusted by Hunan Province's Crop breed audit No. 3 (authorization names: Hunan green pepper No. 2) are ground in the kind Hunan that member can authorize, Hunan is ground No. 13 (authorization name: Hunan green pepper No. 21), Hunan and ground No. 5 (authorizations Name: Hunan green pepper No. 4), No. 15 (authorizations names: Hunan green pepper No. 17) are ground in Hunan, No. 6 (authorization name: Hunan green pepper No. 5), Xiangyan No.16s (authorizations are ground in Hunan Name: Hunan green pepper No. 18) etc. kind.

2. cultivate anosis strong sprout in good time

General use booth or greenhouse in last year December～early and middle ten days in January use the seedling culture hole plate nursery of hole, nutritive cube/50 or Seedbed is used to broadcast sowing nursery.When using seedbed to broadcast sowing nursery, carry out 1 time heeling in when seedling grows 3～4 true leaves, can heel in On seedbed or in the seedling culture hole plate of hole, nutritive cube/50；If not heeling in, then must be noted that thickness of sowing is the dilutest, Seedling carries out 1 thinning when growing 3～4 true leaves, between Miao Yumiao at a distance of 5～10cm, a seedling gone out can be heeled in In the seedling culture hole plate of on seedbed or hole, nutritive cube/50.During nursery, temperature to be strengthened and water management are to ensure that growth of seedling is healthy and strong. The standard in strong sprout is: short between seedling stem slubbing, blade plumpness is dark green, well developed root system, plant height 15～20cm, thick more than the 0.4cm of stem, Having 8～10 true leaves, the seedling of 50%～70% buddings.

3. base manure, in good time field planting are used sufficient

The bedding of whole ground and basal dressing: previous crops Corm Eleocharitis is turned over early after gathering and shines in vain, uses sufficient base after ploughing deeply 1 time again before field planting Fertilizer, executes decomposed dung 3000～4000kg, cake fertilizer 200～250kg or become thoroughly decomposed person poultry muck 3000～4000kg, phosphorus for general every mu Breeze 30～50kg, potassium breeze 20～30kg, can increase and decrease as one sees fit according to soil fertility.Acid heavier soil also wants every mu Execute quick lime 50～100kg.General basal dressing and the bedding of whole ground, furrow width (wrapping a gutter) 1.2～1.4m, furrow after ploughing deeply 1 time Ditch depth 20～30cm, and hold successfully and enclose ditch and Yao Gou, accomplishes furrow ditch, waist ditch and encloses Gou Gougou and communicate in order to draining.Base manure is general all Furrow face, the most wholely, covering with plastic film is applied before whole ground.

Field planting in time: in In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River typically in early and middle ten days covering with ground sheeting field planting in April land for growing field crops.Every furrow field planting 2 row, Spacing in the rows 36～50cm, every mu of field planting 2000～3000 strain.

4. field management

Root to be promoted, rush seedling before gathering after field planting, start to gather to seedling to be promoted in the best fruiting period, attack fruit, want after entering high temperature season Bao Genbao seedling, preventing from losing seedling and dead seedling, the result later stage to continue to strengthen management, increasing both production and income.

The rational application of fertilizer: the trophophase of Fructus Capsici Long term cultivation is long, fertilizer requirement is relatively big, and is that repeatedly result is repeatedly gathered, So rich water supply must be in time.Also should repeatedly topdress in the case of using sufficient base manure, adhere to that thin fertile duty is executed, eaten the most more, execute The fertilization principle of light rear weight before fertile amount, to meet the nutritional need that Fructus Capsici persistently yields positive results, delays tree vigo(u)r old and feeble, strengthens result Reserve strength, so can strive early stage high yield, later stage volume increase, high yield of full phase.General executing after Seedling is delayed in field planting 1 time carries seed manure, and door green pepper sits Execute 1 fertilizer after Zhuing, the most often gather 1～2 time to combine and water and topdress 1 time, early stage can water execute 10%～20% become thoroughly decomposed night soil or Biogas slurry, each 200～300kg, the later stage can water and execute 20%～30% and become thoroughly decomposed night soil or biogas slurry, and each 300～600kg, depending on planting Strain growing way situation is contained the phase in result and also to be spreaded manuer in holes the cake fertilizer 50～100kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, and then pours water.

Water management: to water field planting water after field planting immediately, moisture is unsuitable excessive, then should suitably control to water after slow Seedling, with Improve ground temperature, hestening rooting；Phase of bearing fruit abundance to be supplied water, particularly autumn in summer hot-dry season must assure that rich water equilibrium supplies Should, to prevent plant senilism, high temperature season is poured water and should be carried out when sooner or later cooling；Rainy season must carry out the work that digs trenches to drain the water away Make, prevent flood stain to hinder root.

It addition, be also noted that and erase the following side shoot of a green pepper in time, to reduce nutrient consumption, make nutrient centralizedly supply fruit, Improve fruit-setting rate, promote growth of young.

Disease pest and weed is prevented and treated: must the most early prevent pest and disease damage, should be based on integrated pest control in agriculture, by selecting Resistant Kind and disease-free seed, employing temperature scald seed soaking (i.e. to be put into seed in 55 DEG C of warm water of seed weight 3～4 times, is stirred continuously about 15 minutes, after water temperature is down to room temperature, continue seed soaking 4～5 hours, then sowing or directly sowing after accelerating germination) kill the surface of the seed The pathogenic bacteria carried, carry out reasonable rice field-upland field rotation, execute appropriate quick lime regulation acid-base value, cultivate anosis strong sprout, in good time field planting, employing Zanjon height plot of land film mulching and planting, rational close planting, reinforcement rich water quality management make plant strain growth stalwartness, prevent the science such as field hydrops Cultivation management, creates and is conducive to chili growth to grow and be unfavorable for the environmental condition that disease pest and weed occurs, to strengthen the anti-of plant Disease pest ability；Check in time, find that diseased plant is pulled out immediately, burns or buried, in cave, spread fertilizer over the fields Calx；Cleaning rural area, removing field Between with periphery weeds, reduce disease pest propagating source etc..Next to that use biological and physical control, as utilized coccinella septempunctata, beautiful aphid little The natural enemies such as honeybee are prevented eliminating aphis；With frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp, the yellow insect-killing trapping such as plate, backboard, as installed solar insect-killing light (frequently Ventilating type insecticidal lamp HLD-01) carry out insect-killing trapping, or every mu is hung yellow plate that 30～40 block specifications are 25cm × 40cm and backboard lures Murder worm；Can also be used with Silver Grey Mulching Film covering and keep away aphid, with sweet-and-sour liquid, gyplure trapping black cutworm, diamondback moth, Prodenia litura Deng；When pest and disease damage occurs heavier, the plant source Biocidal antibacterial such as soft soap, matrine or local growing plants can be used (Herba Houttuyniae, Bulbus Allii, Herba Menthae, tansy, Melia azedarach L. etc.) extractant carrys out pest control, as prevented and treated aphid with the tansy liquid of 30g/L (fresh weight) Worm and acarid, with Herba Alii fistulosi Bulbus Allii mixed liquor and the generation of the pre-preventing disease and pest of Bulbus Allii leachate；Also rotenone, plant can be used with limitation Pyrethrum, prosparol and the kieselguhr in source, and microorganism and preparation thereof as with Bt preparation, HD-l bacillus thuringiensis or The pest controls such as nuclear polyhedrosis virus, can also be used with the controlling disease such as Bordeaux mixture.Prevention and control of weeds typically utilizes covering with ground sheeting to press down Weed growth processed, uses artificial weeding if desired.

Gather the most in time

The most repeatedly to gather commodity fruit, in order to avoid affect plant strain growth and affect yield.Early stage with Capsicum annuum L. of gathering is Main, when fruit fully expand, fruit is harder and color of the leather is bright time just can gather, door green pepper and green pepper should be gathered the most ahead of time；After Phase can gather Capsicum tetragonum, Capsicum tetragonum should color turn red after gather immediately.Typically start to gather in late May, strengthen rich water quality management, can Gather to November always.The Quality of Capsicum produced is excellent, yield is high, meets the production requirement of organic hot pepper, and general yield is 4000 ～5000kg/ mu.

Selecting Hunan to grind No. 5 capsicum varieties, (CK selects to use organic farming alternating method of the present invention and conventional cultivation method The soil cultivation of solanaceous crops, every mu of sealing fertilizer 80kg, calcium superphosphate 50kg, ammonium hydrogencarbonate 30kg was not planted in nearly 3 years Make base manure, sealing fertilizer 70kg or carbamide 40kg to topdress；Chemical agent is used to carry out the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control no less than 8 times) carry out Contrast test, the area of each process is 8m × 20m, if 3 times are repeated.Result of the test shows: organic cultivation method of the present invention The disease pest harm of the 1st～the 3rd period of crop-rotation is the lightest, and yield is the most more stable, and low unlike CK, also have the most year by year The trend increased；Meanwhile, the product quality of organic farming alternating method of the present invention significantly improves than CK, reaches the mark of organic products Standard, but the product quality of CK can only achieve non-harmful standard (being shown in Table 1).

Table 1 Hunan is ground No. 5 Fructus Capsicis and is used organic farming alternating method of the present invention and conventional cultivation method (CK) to carry out long season Yield and quality and the pest and disease damage of cultivation a situation arises comparison sheet

(2) Bowl bean organic production

Bowl bean is the rear work of Long term cultivation Fructus Capsici, and its organic production is as follows.

1. Fruit variety and seed treatment

Selection high yield, Resistant, tolerance to cold are relatively strong, wide adaptability, Pod Bearing Percentage are high and the improved seeds of the Relatively centralized that bears pods, As Ah pole gram this, little blue or green pod, Hangzhou spend in vain, the kind such as Chengdu winter Semen Pisi sativi, middle pea 4, middle pea 6.Should select without disabling thing The seed that matter processes, prohibits the use of transgenic seed.

1～2 day is first basked seeds to improve seed vitality and water absorbing capacity, it is ensured that emerge neat before sowing.Temperature is used to scald leaching again Kind, seed soaking in the warm water of 55 DEG C will be put within 10～15 minutes, kill the pathogenic bacteria that seed carries by seed, be stirred continuously to water temperature and drop To about 30 DEG C, soak seed the most again about 1 hour.Then dress seed with root nodule bacteria, every mu with nitragin 10～20 grams, with Just can sow after seed mixing, i.e. mix and i.e. use.

2. begin sowing in good time

The previous crops of Bowl bean is Fructus Capsici, applies fertilizer more during due to cultivated peppers, also has more remaining fertilizer not to be finished in soil, And the loosing soil cultivating Fructus Capsici is breathed freely, can be with zero-tillage direct-sowing cultivating Bowl bean, typically without basal dressing, as long as with the matting that becomes thoroughly decomposed Lid seed manure made by fertilizer or farmyard manure or burnt dust-ashes.

Typically sow in mid-October～mid-November, open field soil.The later stage or adopt of gathering in Long term cultivation Fructus Capsici Receive and on pepper cultivation furrow, retain no-tillage directly every in often row Fructus Capsici of original mulch film mid-October～mid-November after terminating Program request 1 cave Bowl bean, every drill seeding kind 2 row, every bunch planting 4～5 seeds in the middle of two strain Fructus Capsicis, it is ensured that more than planting density l ten thousand strain/ Mu.After planting cover decomposed dung or farmyard manure or burnt dust-ashes 2～3cm.During general sowing every mu with ground phosphate rock 20～40kg, potassium Breeze 10～20kg mixes and stirs decomposed dung or farmyard manure or burnt dust-ashes 1000～1500kg makees lid seed manure.Gather knot to Fructus Capsici in November Clean rural area after bundle in time, Pepper stalk is collected heap after break process and makes fertilizer, and strengthen the management of Bowl bean.

3. field management

Look into Seedling after emerging in time to fill a vacancy, middle weeding 1～2 times, before surviving the winter, carry out 1 ridging, heat-preserving anti-freezing.Cultivate peppery Generally it is not required to topdress during soil cultivation Bowl bean after green pepper, if seedling stage, Seedling colour cast was yellow, is presented with fertilizer deficiency symptom, can fit and execute 1 seed manure, executes thin person poultry muck 500kg or decomposed manure 500～800kg promotion growth of seedling stalwartness and root nodule shape for every mu Become.Also can suitably impose flower, pod fertilizer in early flowering season and fruiting period, thin person poultry muck, methane liquid or the cake fertilizer etc. that becomes thoroughly decomposed can be used. The Sheng that bears pods phase soil often to keep moistening, and the rainfall of the Yangtze river basin is abundant, except the most typically need not pour water, like rain special year Water excess draining in time should drop stain, and the rainy day carries out ditch cleaning drainage works.Climing property kind starts support as plant height 30cm, can will carry The branch (removing blade) of the little bamboo stem of the tip or band branch is inserted in the ranks or bracing wire is drawn climing, or cleans field after previous crops Fructus Capsici gathers end During garden, every strain Fructus Capsici has a mind to retain 1～3 bigger side shoot as nature support, in order to Bowl bean plant climbs growth.

Disease pest and weed prevent and treat: disease pest and weed preventing and treating mainly use cultural control, pest and disease damage can by select Resistant kind, Select disease-free seed to begin sowing in good time, efficent rotation, rational close planting and timely support draw and climing improve field ventilation and penetrating light condition, hold successfully Drain ditch in the field reduces field humidity, pulls out diseased plant, sick leaf and sick pod in time, cleans the measure preventing and treatings such as rural area after results in time； Weed growth is prevented by plastic film mulching cultivation.Reasonable utilization biology and physical control, Protect natural enemies, create and be conducive to sky simultaneously The environmental condition of enemy's existence, uses frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp, colour table trapping adult, hangs silver grey film bar repellent aphid etc..

4. timely collecting

When soybean pod grows to 8～9 ripe, the seed in soybean pod is fully grown up and is gathered during tympanites.Typically start in March next year Gather, end of gathering about mid-April, the fresh pod of every per mu yield 750～950kg.Haricot removes mulch film immediately after gathering, field fills Water, ploughs under fertilizing soil in soil, then 1 batch of early rice of cultivation using straw as green manure.

(3) early rice organic production

Cultivation early rice anosis strong sprout the most in good time

Fruit variety: disease and insect resistance is strong, resistant to lodging, wide adaptability, yielding ability are good in selection, meter Zhi Hao, suitable local ecology Environment, quality reach country and plant the excellent non-transgenic early-paddy brown rice of substandard, and prioritizing selection is through Organic certification agency qualification Organic paddy rice seed.

Begin sowing in good time, cultivate tiller strong sprout: during presoaking and germinating, about 10 hours can be soaked seed to kill seed with 1% lime water The pathogenic microorganism on surface, carries out presoaking and germinating after cleaning with clear water according to a conventional method；Or kill the surface of the seed with the boiling hot seed soaking of temperature Pathogen, will put in 55 DEG C of warm water and soak seed 10～20 minutes by seed, and be stirred continuously, water temperature is down to after room temperature routinely Method carries out presoaking and germinating, and accelerating germination shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally can sow to broken breast.

General use water-raised seedling method to concentrate seedling, rice seedling bed within 3～5 days, combine prior to seeding turn over every mu execute fully become thoroughly decomposed excellent Matter fertilizer 1000～2000kg, ground phosphate rock 30～50kg or cake fertilizer 150kg make base manure.Typically broadcast at late March～early April Kind, after planting keep seedling bed to moisten, based on diaphragm seal insulation, moisturizing to 1.5 leaves；Alternation of wetting and drying after 2 leaf 1 hearts, fills Horse race water, fine day takes off film ventilation seedling exercising the most afterwards, prevents rice shoot from burning, and after 3 leaf phases, fine day starts to take off lid seedling exercising at night day, moves Plant first 3 days and all take off film；Within 5～7 days before transplanting, imposing dilute night soil or methane liquid in right amount, the length of time rice seedlings grow controlled within 30 days.

2. land for growing field crops prepares and rice transplanting

Land for growing field crops prepares: previous crops is Bowl bean, and Bowl bean straw ploughs under soil of having fostered and apply fertilizer in soil, base manure not BITAI during cultivation early rice Many, execute general with ploughing soil every mu the farm organic fertilizers 1000～2000kg such as the barnyard manure that fully becomes thoroughly decomposed or cake fertilizer 100～ 150kg, ground phosphate rock 30～50kg make base manure.After turning over keep 3～3.3cm water layers harrow a field, plough rake whole after prepare rice transplanting.

Rice transplanting in time: typically in mid or late April rice transplanting, uses and manually plants or transplanting.Reference Strains line-spacing 17cm × 20cm, Planting Densities 1.8 ten thousand～2.2 ten thousand root and stem of certain plants/mu, every root and stem of certain plants is inserted the suckering plant of 2～3 paddy, is participated Basic Seedling 70,000～10 for every mu Ten thousand.

3. field management

The rational application of fertilizer: according to front rush, middle control, the most steady fertilization principle, suitably executes tillering fertilizer in the case of base manure abundance With take the circumstances into consideration to use fringe granulated fertilizer.General after transplanting 4～5 days every mu impose become thoroughly decomposed cake fertilizer 100～150kg or organic commercial fertilizer 50～ 100kg makees tillering fertilizer, and after dry field rehydration, horse back every mu executes the cake fertilizer 50～100kg or organic commercial fertilizer about 50kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed as fringe Fertile.

Water management: should make full use of filling draining to regulate the water in rice field, fertilizer, air and heat, create the field of suitable paddy growth Between miniclimate.Water management accomplishes there is water cutting seedling, and the shallow water root and stem of certain plants, tiller alive, Seedling foot dry field (i.e. reaches about 200,000/mu when Seedling number Time start dry field), to moisten after dry field rehydration, keep dry and wet irrigation method, note rice shoot turn green after draining in 2～3 days Open field, to cultivate good root system, open field 2～after 3 days again answer shallow water, the later stage can not be dehydrated too early, in order to avoid affecting mass of 1000 kernel.

4. disease pest and weed preventing and treating

Preferentially use cultural control, by select disease-resistant variety, efficent rotation, cultivation strengthen seedling, rational close planting, enrich organic Fertile, remove the Healthy culture measures such as weeds, Scientific Regulation rich water, in good time dry field in time and improve field microclimate so that it is ventilate thoroughly Light is good, strengthens the resistance of plant self, reduces the generation of pest and disease damage；Thoroughly remove irrigation canals and ditches the edge of a field weeds, Oryza sativa L. residuum, subtract The place that few pest and disease damage grows；By measures such as rational close planting, the water and fertilizer managements increasing Basic Seedling and science, make Oryza sativa L. early envelope OK, reach to suppress the purpose of weed growth；Manually cut weeds control crop smothering by farming weed eradication and using.Next to that use biology With physical control, pest natural enemy such as birds, batrachia, Aranea, parasitic wasp etc. are utilized to control the population quantity of insect, as when rice field moth Trichogramma releases preventing and treating rice leaf roller, striped rice borer and yellow rice borer when worm insect population radix reaches 100/mu；Prevented by duck-raising enclosed paddy fields Control the insect pests such as planthopper, striped rice borer, yellow rice borer and control weeds in field；Use frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp trapping striped rice borer, leaf roll snout moth's larva, The insects such as non-glutinous rice plant hopper, mini pest uses yellow card's trap.Can be selected for when pest and disease damage is more serious through Organic certification agency qualification Biological pesticide preparation prevent and treat, as with bacillus subtilis wettable powder preventing and treating rice blast and false smut, with Bt preparation, Chemical control striped rice borer, the rice leaf roller such as azadirachtin preparation, with preventing and treating rice such as matrine, azadirachtin preparation, beauveria fungus preparations Plant hopper.

5. gather in the crops

Early rice is typically ripe in mid or late July, gathers in the crops in time after maturation, it is desirable to single receipts, singles, single solarization, single storage, after drying Unified sale.Average per mu yield 480～560kg.

(4) Corm Eleocharitis organic production

1. land for growing field crops prepares

Caulis et Folium Oryzae ploughs under after the harvesting of previous crops early rice Tanaka immediately take advantage of high temperature and macerate rotten Caulis et Folium Oryzae fertilizing soil, remove field and surrounding Ridge weeds and stubble.The farm organic fertilizer such as farmyard manure or decomposed dung 2000～3000kg or corruption is executed in conjunction with real tillage every mu Ripe person poultry muck 1000～2000kg or the rapeseed cake 150～200kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, separately add ground phosphate rock 40kg, potassium breeze 20kg makees base manure. Acid heavier soil quick lime 50～100kg/ mu to be executed when ploughing.Two plough two rakes, make face, field smooth, keep active soil stratum 20～25cm, and keep 2～5cm shoaling layers, accomplish that face, field is smooth, mud work, clay fertilizer, grass are clean, water foot treats field planting.

2. cultivation Corm Eleocharitis anosis strong sprout

Fruit variety: select disease-resistant, strong stress resistance, bulb is big, skin is thin, taste is sweet, matter fine slag is few, is suitable for the height of locality cultivation Product, high-quality Corm Eleocharitis kind, such as Hubei Province shepherd's purse 1, osmanthus hoof 2, Xiaogan Corm Eleocharitis, 91-33 Corm Eleocharitis, Guilin Horse hoof, Shayang County Corm Eleocharitis, Tuanfeng County's water chestnut The improved seeds such as shepherd's purse, Huichang County Corm Eleocharitis, Yuhang Radix Campylotropis Hirtella (Herba Myrsines Africanae), Suzhou Corm Eleocharitis.

Reserving seed for planting and plant shepherd's purse and select: formerly year Corm Eleocharitis Later growth, growth selection neat and consistent, tiller plant division are strong, without falling Volt, without disease pest endanger field make seed field.Profile rounding, epidermis is taken without damaged, terminal bud lateral bud sturdy sound, skin when gathering Dark brown, single bulb weight more than 20g, the bulb storage with institute's cultivar feature are passed the winter, it is also possible to preserve at field wintering March in next year has dug direct nursery.

Nurturing staff: the Yangtze river basin preferably uses two-phase method nursery, i.e. one stage nursery (drought Seedling) and two-stage nursery (seedling Tian Miao) two-phase method nursery, need to plant shepherd's purse 110～200 for every mu of land for growing field crops, sowing quantity 2.0～5.0kg.A. first stage nursery (drought Ground nursery): typically at early and middle ten days selection in April hidding and sunny side, loosing soil, fertile nonirrigated farmland or vegetable garden soil, hoe pine table soil is about 10cm, broken for thin for soil hoe hoe, is made into furrow wide 100～the seedbed of 150cm；Corm Eleocharitis digging after that preserve or field wintering preserve Middle reselection is full, epidermis is smooth and color and luster consistent, and individual big uniform, terminal bud and lateral bud are complete, healthy and strong, without wound, rot, have The bulb of this varietal characteristic, soaks 18～24 hours with clean clear water, takes out and drains open fire, according to line-spacing 15～20cm, spacing in the rows 5 ～8cm neatly comes in seedbed, making terminal bud upwards, uniform fold thin sand and soil after the water of spray vola, thickness is advisable to cover terminal bud, fixed Phase waters holding ground moistening to lifting；Early stage takes Small plastic shed because of the low need of temperature and lid plastic sheeting carries out accelerating germination, after entering May Available Shading net covering prevents direct sunlight from burning seedling, transplants to rice seedling bed when kind of top dome bud length 20～25cm and carries out second-order Duan Yumiao.B. second stage nursery (rice seedling bed nursery): typically select irrigation and drainage abundant paddy field convenient, organic mid-May, often Mu is executed and is become thoroughly decomposed farm organic fertilizer 2000～3000kg or become thoroughly decomposed dung polluted water 1500～2000kg or the cake fertilizer 150kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed makees base manure, Turn over seedling field by the soil water plough be made into pasty state, accomplish that the flat mud in field is rotten；In mid or late May, in cultivating seedlings in dry land seedbed, lifting moves Plant, Reference Strains line-spacing 40～50cm × 50～60cm, every cave 1 young plant；Early stage water irrigating depth 2～3cm after transplanting seedlings, should not surpass the most deeply Crossing 4cm, the later stage depth of water keeps 3～5cm；Topdress seedling stage and preferably gently execute duty and execute, transplant latter about 15 days every mu water and execute 30% loose stool water Or dilute methane liquid 500～1000kg, and weed Fender grass, every about 10 days every mu water again and execute 30% loose stool water or dilute methane liquid 500 ～1000kg；After 30～40 days, height of seedling reaches 35～more than 40cm, field planting during cladode thick more than 0.5cm.

3. field planting in good time

General in mid or late July field planting, at the latest less than the beginning of autumn.1 clump, every cave during field planting, every clump has 3～5 cladodes, The field planting degree of depth is advisable to enter mud 10～12cm.If rice shoot is the highest, the tip of a branch should be prescinded, stay cladode high 30～35cm, or by the tip During head discounting cultivation is buried, in order to avoid being broken by windbreak after field planting and shaking stock.In order to improve field ventilation and penetrating light, reduce pest and disease damage Generation, during organic farming should suitable thin planting, density is generally 2500～3000 caves/mu, Reference Strains line-spacing 40～50cm × 50 ～60cm.

4. field management

Topdress: the principle of " front control steady, middle, then attack " is grasped in fertilising, and base manure to be used sufficient, early stage of topdressing with nitrogenous fertilizer is in good time Master, later stage are based on potash fertilizer.Topdress for 1st time after field planting 7～10 days, transplant and combine the 1st intertillage every mu after turning green and execute and become thoroughly decomposed Night soil 400～500kg, to promote early tiller plant division；Topdress for 2nd time every 10～15 days, about in the August of plant vigorous growth In the middle ten days, execute become thoroughly decomposed cake fertilizer 70～80kg or plant ash 100～200kg promotion envelope row in conjunction with weeding every mu；Topdress in JIUYUE for 3rd time Early and middle ten days, imposes balling according to full field growing state fertile, the center strain of cladode color burn, ramet the most on the ground in right amount Execute the cake fertilizer 100kg or methane liquid 750kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed for every mu when starting pumping scape, separately add potassium breeze 20kg, to promote knot shepherd's purse.

Water management: keep about 3cm shoaling layer in order to taking root during field planting, keep the depth of water 5～8cm in order to work after field planting The root and stem of certain plants, keeps shoaling layer 2～5cm in order to plant division, accelerates gradually to deepen to pour water along with plant strain growth later after turning green, vigorous period Keep water layer 6～9cm, want appropriateness draining dry field at the beginning of 9 months such as stem and leaf over growth by the end of August, to suppress too much plant division, promote to carry Early knot shepherd's purse, expansion of corms phase mid-September to mid-October keeps the depth of water 5～10cm, late October field start to cut off the water supply, keep shallow Water moistens；Mid or late November digs trenches to drain the water away in order to excavating.

Middle weeding: combining for 7～10 days after field planting topdresses carries out the 1st intertillage, cuts weeds with hand-lifting.Every 10～15 days Topdress in conjunction with the 2nd time and carry out weeding in the 2nd time, find that the close ground of Seedling can take out a part of thin and delicate Seedling, promote ventilation and penetrating light, Make strain clump robust growth, enhance disease resistance.The formation of corm phase is strictly on guard against that people and animals go to the field, in order to avoid stepping on disconnected sobole.

The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: preferentially use cultural control, such as efficent rotation, selection Resistant kind, selects anosis field to stay Plant, select anosis kind of ball work kind, nurturing staff；Rational close planting, suitable thin planting, keep ventilation and penetrating light between good strain；Strengthen Cultivation management, apply fertilizers scientifically, enrich phosphorus, potash fertilizer, strengthen plant resistant to diseases and insects；Cleaning rural area in time, winter, cladode was withered After residual for field stem dead leaf is all removed, focus on or retting compost, root out limit, field weeds, reduce first the invading of pest and disease damage in the coming year Dye source；Science Guan Shui, it is to avoid string filling, flood irrigation and the water by morbidity Tanaka pour into anosis Tanaka, period of disease appropriateness dry field, reduce wet Degree, moistens little cracking (i.e. mud surface is hard, and the inside is soft) be advisable to shine to face, field, rehydration immediately after junction；Land for growing field crops plough is every when turning over Mu is executed quick lime 50～100kg and is carried out soil disinfection.Advocate and use biological and physical control, protection batrachia predation Field Pests, Utilize the natural enemy predation insects such as trichogramma, Cao Ling, Encarsia formosa, ladybug, wasp fly；Use frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp or sex attractant Trapping Prodenia litura, white standing grain snout moth's larva etc., use yellow card's trap alatae adult.Their early stage is pulled out diseased plant in time and is taken out of outside field deep Bury, can prevent and treat with Bt preparation with bacillus subtilis or Bacillus licheniformis or Paenibacillus polymyxa controlling disease if desired Insect pest.

5. gather

About in mid or late November, the ground stem and leaf of Corm Eleocharitis starts the most withered and the most yellow and gradually withered lodging, bulb skin When color is transformed into yellowish-brown to bronzing by white, bulb maturation can be gathered.General after mid-December, per day temperature Degree is down to less than 5 DEG C, and in bulb, sugar content is high, and the sweet succulence of taste, for optimum period of gathering.Collection period is with February in late December to next year The first tenday period of a month are advisable.General yield is 1500～2500kg/ mus.

In sum, Fructus Capsici, Bowl bean, early rice and the Corm Eleocharitis not only quality that rice field-upland field rotation organic cultivation method of the present invention produces Excellent, meet the prescription of organic farm products, and yield is high, there is no notable difference with the yield of conventional cultivation；Planting process Middle pest and disease damage occurs gently, soil fertility can be effectively improved, and uses the inventive method rotation cropping for many years, not only overall effect Fruit performance is stable, and the trend that the yield of Fructus Capsici is also gradually increased.

Claims (10)

1. the rice field-upland field rotation organic cultivation method of a long season Fructus Capsici, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:

(1) suitable place is selected to set up organic farming production base；

(2) select suitable capsicum variety: select include Hunan grind No. 3, Hunan grind No. 13, Hunan grind No. 5, Hunan grind No. 15, Hunan grind No. 6, Xiangyan No.16 is strong at interior thermostability, wide adaptability, moisture-proof, drought-enduring, disease-resistant, collection period length, high yield, stable yields, high-quality, be suitable for working as Ground cultivation and the middle-late ripening variety of the market demand, will select the seed processed without banned substance, prohibit the use of transgenic seed；

(3) rotation system is: cultivation successively in the 1st year: long season Fructus Capsici Bowl bean, cultivation successively in the 2nd year: early rice Corm Eleocharitis, every 2 Year is 1 period of crop-rotation；

(4) organic hot pepper, organic Bowl bean, You Jizao are carried out according to organic agriculture principle and the organic farm products mode of production and standard Rice and the rotation cropping of organic Corm Eleocharitis, and by straw-returning and retting fertilizer fertilizing soil.

The rice field-upland field rotation organic cultivation method of a kind of long season Fructus Capsici the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step (1) the organic farming production base described in is that traffic convenience, irrigation and drainage are convenient, good away from city and industrial and mining area, ecological condition, nothing Heavy metal and pesticide residual contamination, away from soot and other polluter and traffic backbone, and there is sustainable production capacity Agricultural producing areas, soil environment quality require be not less than two in " standard of soil environment quality " (GB 15618-1995) Grade standard, irrigation water water quality meets the regulation of " agricultural irrigation water quality standard " (GB 5084-2005), and ambient air quality is the lowest Secondary standard in " ambient air quality " (GB 3095-2012)；The cultivated area of each organic farming production base Not less than 10 hectares, production base is linked to be sheet, has integrity, and organic production base has substantially with the conventional plot intersection that produces Isolation strip or buffer strip.

The rice field-upland field rotation organic cultivation method of a kind of long season Fructus Capsici the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described Organic farming include following measures:

In whole cultivation, prohibit the use of including pesticide, chemical fertilizer, herbicide, hormone and growth regulator is artificial Chemosynthesis material, does not use technique for gene engineering and products thereof；

Whole cultivation only allows application of organic fertilizers, plantation legume as green manure and straw-returning fertilizing soil, Fertilizer is in addition to using animal wastes and plant retting fertilizer, green manure, plant ash, cake fertilizer, biogas manure, moreover it is possible to use potassium breeze, phosphorus Breeze, calcium chloride, could be used that organic fertilizer and microbial manure；

The preventing and treating of disease pest and weed, based on integrated pest control in agriculture, uses biological and physical method preventing and treating, does not use synthetic Pesticide carry out chemical prevention, when there being pest and disease damage to occur, utilize allow use mineral or plant medical agent prevent and treat disease pest Evil, it is possible to use rotenone, the Pyrethrum of plant origin, prosparol and kieselguhr, and include bacillus thuringensis, Bt preparation The preventing and treating of pest and disease damage is carried out, it is possible to use sulfur, Calx, lime sulfur, Bordeaux mixture are prevented and treated in interior microorganism and preparation thereof Pest and disease damage；

Stablizing of farmland ecosystem to be maintained, it is impossible to cause environmental pollution and ecological disruption, at every batch of work Plant residue will be cleared up in time after thing results, heap after straw collecting made fertilizer or goes back field fertilizing soil on the spot, making bag Including straw to be all integrated into utilizing at interior agriculture Organic substance, the garbage that can not degrade including agricultural film all reclaims also It is used.

4., according to the rice field-upland field rotation organic cultivation method of a kind of long season Fructus Capsici described in claim 1 or 2 or 3, its feature exists In, the organic hot pepper cultivation described in step (4) is: previous crops Corm Eleocharitis is turned over after gathering early, cultivates 1 batch of long season peppery after shining soil Green pepper, including: select adapted varieties, cultivate anosis strong sprout, in good time field planting, field management and gather.

The rice field-upland field rotation organic cultivation method of a kind of long season Fructus Capsici the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that described Cultivation be anosis strong sprout: in last year December～early and middle ten days in January use booth or nurse young plants in hothouses, use the nursery of hole, nutritive cube/50 Nursery is broadcasted sowing in hole plate seedling growth or employing seedbed, uses seedbed to heel in seedbed when seedling grows 3～4 true leaves when broadcasting sowing nursery Go up or in the seedling culture hole plate of hole, nutritive cube/50；If not heeling in, then noticing that thickness of sowing is the dilutest, treating that seedling grows 3～4 very During leaf by between seedling between Miao Yumiao at a distance of 5～10cm；Temperature and water management is strengthened to ensure growth of seedling during nursery Healthy and strong；The standard in strong sprout is: short between seedling stem slubbing, blade plumpness is dark green, well developed root system, plant height 15～20cm, the thick 0.4cm of stem Above, having 8～10 true leaves, the seedling of 50%～70% buddings.

The rice field-upland field rotation organic cultivation method of a kind of long season Fructus Capsici the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that described Organic hot pepper cultivation be: use zanjon height bedding cultivation, select anosis strong sprout in early and middle ten days covering with ground sheeting field planting in April, every mu of field planting 2000～3000 strains, late May starts to gather, and strengthens rich water quality management, can gather to November always.

The rice field-upland field rotation organic cultivation method of a kind of long season Fructus Capsici the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that described The fertilization principle of organic hot pepper cultivation be repeatedly to topdress in the case of using sufficient base manure, adhere to that thin fertile duty is executed, light before dose Rear heavy；Execute decomposed dung 3000～4000kg, cake fertilizer 200～250kg or become thoroughly decomposed person poultry muck 3000～4000kg, phosphorus ore for every mu Base manure made by powder 30～50kg, potassium breeze 20～30kg；Executing after Seedling is delayed in field planting 1 time and carry seed manure, door green pepper executes 1 fertilizer after sitting, with After often gather 1～2 time to combine and water and topdress 1 time, early stage is watered and is executed 10%～20% and become thoroughly decomposed night soil or biogas slurry, each 200～ 300kg, the later stage waters and executes 20%～30% and become thoroughly decomposed night soil or biogas slurry, each 300～600kg, and result is contained the phase and also to be spreaded manuer in holes and become thoroughly decomposed Cake fertilizer 50～100kg.

8., according to the rice field-upland field rotation organic cultivation method of a kind of long season Fructus Capsici described in claim 1 or 2 or 3, its feature exists In, the organic Bowl bean cultivation described in step (4) is: after gather later stage or the end of gathering of Fructus Capsici in mid-October～11 months On pepper cultivation furrow, retain original mulch film no-tillage direct bunch planting interplanting Bowl bean ten days, clean in time after gathering end to Fructus Capsici in November The management of Bowl bean is also strengthened in rural area, and in mid-April next year, end of gathering allows stubble to haricot, using the straw after haricot of gathering as Green manure ploughs under fertilizing soil in soil, then 1 batch of early rice of cultivation.

9., according to the rice field-upland field rotation organic cultivation method of a kind of long season Fructus Capsici described in claim 1 or 2 or 3, its feature exists In, the rice growing organic morning described in step (4) is: after previous crops Bowl bean is gathered, Bowl bean straw is ploughed under fertilizing soil in soil, in conjunction with Ploughing soil cultivates 1 batch of early rice after using sufficient base manure；Early rice selects the kind of suitable local environment in late March～on April Ten days seeding and seedling raising, mid or late April rice transplanting, after early rice harvesting, immediately Caulis et Folium Oryzae is ploughed under Tanaka and takes advantage of high temperature and macerate rotten Caulis et Folium Oryzae fertilizing soil.

10., according to the rice field-upland field rotation organic cultivation method of a kind of long season Fructus Capsici described in claim 1 or 2 or 3, its feature exists In, the cultivation of organic Corm Eleocharitis described in step (4) is: Caulis et Folium Oryzae ploughs under after the harvesting of previous crops early rice Tanaka immediately and takes advantage of high temperature and macerate rotten Caulis et Folium Oryzae Fertilizing soil, cultivates 1 batch of Corm Eleocharitis after using sufficient base manure in conjunction with arable land；Corm Eleocharitis selects to be suitable for the kind of locality cultivation, in early and middle ten days in April Beginning with two-phase method to cultivate anosis strong sprout, mid or late July field planting, early Febuary in mid or late November to next year gathers.