CN106258423A

CN106258423A - Fructus Solani melongenae, Oryza sativa L., Semen Viciae fabae, Corm Eleocharitis crop rotation organic cultivation method

Info

Publication number: CN106258423A
Application number: CN201610675292.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 肖光辉
Original assignee: Hu-Nan's Agriculture Information And Graduate School Of Engineering
Current assignee: Hu-Nan's Agriculture Information And Graduate School Of Engineering
Priority date: 2016-08-16
Filing date: 2016-08-16
Publication date: 2017-01-04

Abstract

The invention discloses Fructus Solani melongenae, Oryza sativa L., Semen Viciae fabae, Corm Eleocharitis crop rotation organic cultivation method, relate to rotation cropping technical field.Comprise the following steps: (1) sets up organic farming production base；(2) suitable kind is selected；(3) following rotation system is used to cultivate: cultivation successively in the 1st year: spring and summer stubble Fructus Solani melongenae late rice vegetable broad bean, cultivation successively in the 2nd year: early rice Corm Eleocharitis, every 2 years is 1 period of crop-rotation；(4) prescription and production specifications according to organic farm products carry out organic Fructus Solani melongenae, organic paddy rice, organic vegetable broad bean and the cultivation of organic Corm Eleocharitis, and by straw-returning and retting fertilizer fertilizing soil.This rotation cropping method can produce organic Fructus Solani melongenae, Oryza sativa L., vegetable broad bean and Corm Eleocharitis in same production base, and its practicality, with workable, be the efficient ecological circular agriculture cultural method of a kind of science, can be applicable in In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River.

Description

Fructus Solani melongenae, Oryza sativa L., Semen Viciae fabae, Corm Eleocharitis crop rotation organic cultivation method

Technical field

The invention belongs to rotation cropping technical field, be specifically related to Fructus Solani melongenae, Oryza sativa L., Semen Viciae fabae, Corm Eleocharitis crop rotation organic farming side Method.

Background technology

First organic agriculture was proposed by European countries the twenties in 20th century, through practice and the development of decades, progressively Paid attention to by national governments.Organic agriculture is one of good approach solving food-safety problem, is described as " rising industry ", There is wide market prospect.Organic farm products is pure natural, pollution-free, the food of safe nutrition, also referred to as " ecological food Product ", it is to produce according to organic agriculture principle and the organic farm products mode of production and standard, and passes through Organic Food Attestation The agricultural product of agency qualification.So organic farming must be given birth to according to the prescription of organic farm products and production specifications Produce, to ensure that its product is pollution-free, feature rich in nutrition and high-quality.In recent years, organic agriculture is owing to having complied with improvement agriculture Industry ecological environment, the world trends of the production pollution-free Organic food of high-quality, so Organic Farming is rapid, organic farming is day by day Coming into one's own, and progressively develop into for a kind of emerging rising industry, Organic food has become the fashion of people's consumption.Development height The production of the agricultural product such as organic Fructus Solani melongenae of quality, not only can improve the economic benefit of Producer, and can be that consumer's body and mind is good for Health provides safeguard.

Fructus Solani melongenae (Solanum melongena L.) is Solanaceae Solanum annual herb plant, and the torrid zone is planted for perennial shrub Thing.Fructus Solani melongenae originates in Tropical Asian, originates in India, Christian era 4～5th century incoming China the earliest.Fructus Solani melongenae is edible with young tender fruit, is Homely vegetable the most common on dining table, cultivates one of widest vegetable for various places, China north and south, is the main of summer and autumn Vegetable.Fructus Solani melongenae nutritious, becomes containing the multiple nutrients such as protein, fat, carbohydrate, vitamin and calcium, phosphorus, ferrum Point.Containing abundant vitamin E and Citrin in the epidermis of purple skin Fructus Solani melongenae, protection cardiovascular, delaying human body caducity had weight Act on.Citrin can make blood vessel wall keep elastic and physiological function, preventing hardening and ruptures, helping so often eating Fructus Solani melongenae In preventing and treating hypertension, coronary heart disease, arteriosclerosis and purpura hemorrhagica.Fructus Solani melongenae contains solanine, can suppress digestive system tumor Propagation, has certain effect for preventing and treating gastric cancer.Additionally, Fructus Solani melongenae is also prevented and treated vitamin C deficiency and promotes effect of wound healing.Fructus Solani melongenae Belong to the food of cold and cool character, eat summer and contribute to clearing away summer-heat.Fructus Solani melongenae is long at China's cultivation history, whole nation Fructus Solani melongenae cultivation Area about more than 300 ten thousand mu, has highly important status, so Fructus Solani melongenae is in China's vegetable basket project in vegetable production and supply Construction plays an important role.Fructus Solani melongenae is warm season vegetable, is weak to frost, and its growth promoter requires warm weather, stronger Illumination and good ventilation condition, its strong adaptability, trophophase is long, and the supply phase of gathering is long, and yield is high, profitable, in the Changjiang river Interval sowing, the cultivation of mating protection ground are passed through in Lower Reaches, can carry out annually cultivating supply.But Fructus Solani melongenae happiness temperature, happiness light, happiness Fertile, be afraid of flood, the low temperature overcast and rainy day widow in In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River spring easily causes fallen flowers according to weather, and the best fruiting period, rich water was under-supply or meet Also being susceptible to fallen flowers phenomenon when high temperature and drought, rainy wet weather, trophophase requires repeatedly to topdress to ensure that fruiting period is long And high yield, and pest and disease damage harm is serious under the conditions of unfavourable weather, so it is more to generally use chemical fertilizer, pesticide during cultivation Fructus Solani melongenae And be unable to reach the requirement of organic farming, therefore the organic farming of Fructus Solani melongenae is little at present.Fructus Solani melongenae organise cultivation technique (Hu Haijiao, Bag high come, Mao Weihai, etc. Shanghai vegetable, 2016 (2): 24-25) contribution be, it is proposed that the organic farming of Fructus Solani melongenae；It lacks Be trapped in, be not set up rational rotation system, and Fructus Solani melongenae be weak to continuous cropping, organic cultivation when carrying out organic farming, must be initially set up Training production base, if plant Fructus Solani melongenae in same plot year after year, on the one hand can cause pathogen to accumulate, and causes the soil such as bacterial wilt to pass Sexually transmitted disease (STD) evil is serious；On the other hand absorbing identical nutrient substance in close soil layer due to root system, continuous cropping can cause soil to lack Some element weary and make soil physical and chemical property deteriorate, is susceptible to continuous cropping obstacle.Typically require due to Fructus Solani melongenae to carry out 2～3 years with On crop rotation or rice field-upland field rotation, above-mentioned Fructus Solani melongenae organic cultivation method is difficult to apply in actual production or be difficult to be truly realized organic Cultivation.Therefore, the rotation plan fertilizing soil that must formulate science during Fructus Solani melongenae organic farming and the disease pest reduced in soil are carried out Evil radix, effectively to prevent and treat the generation of the soil-borne diseases such as bacterial wilt and soil continuous cropping obstacle.

Oryza sativa L. (Oryza sativa) is the most important cereal crops in the Yangtze river basin, is also to carry out floods and droughts with vegetables such as Fructus Solani melongenaes Crop rotation and carry out the chief crop of rotation cropping with aquatic vegetables such as Corm Eleocharitiss.Although the production method of organic rice has multiple at present (see: Xia Lili etc. area, Baoying County organic paddy rice cultivation technique. modern agriculture science and technology, 2013 (23): 58,63；A kind of high yield has The production method of machine rice, CN 103733929 B；The production technology of a kind of organic fragrant rice, CN 103250606 B), but mostly because of Do not use scientific and reasonable crop rotation and fertility cultivation, existence fertilizer the most in various degree is not enough and long potential difference, yield poorly, The problem of Pest organism harm weight.Although Oryza sativa L. is the crop of resistance to continuous cropping, but owing to the production of organic rice can not use chemical agent Preventing and treating, long-term continuous cropping also results in the accumulation of field pathogen and the increase of insect density, passes through rice field despite the use of The methods such as duck culturing, Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann, shrimp and fish control the generation of field insect pest, have employed Chinese herbal medicine fluid seed soaking, plant insecticide prevention The multiple method such as spray and carry out the preventing and treating of pest and disease damage, but occur also to there will be pest and disease damage than the more serious time at pest and disease damage cannot The problem controlled, thus cause Severe Reduction, even occur cultivating unsuccessfully.Therefore, Oryza sativa L. organic farming is also necessary implementation section Learn rational crop rotation, particularly carry out rice field-upland field rotation.Fructus Solani melongenae carries out rice field-upland field rotation with Oryza sativa L., not only contributes to improve the soil in rice field Earth physicochemical character, increases fertility of land and fertilizer efficiency, and can effectively suppress the diseases such as Fructus Solani melongenae bacterial wilt, anthrax, epidemic disease, reduces disease pest Crop smothering occurs, moreover it is possible to improves rice yield and significantly improves economic benefit, having significant economic benefit and ecological benefits.

Semen Viciae fabae (Vicia faba) be again HUDOU, Buddhist bean etc., is a kind of high starch, low fat, high protein crop, containing rich Rich vitamin B₂And the several amino acids of mineral calcium, phosphorus, ferrum and needed by human, it is important vegetable, the grain of China, raises Material and green manure dual-purpose crop.Semen Viciae fabae all can be planted in national most of provinces, and the Yangtze river basin and the Changjiang river areas to the south are with the autumn sowing winter It is main for planting, and Yunnan, Sichuan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Zhejiang etc. save as Main Cultivation area.Semen Viciae fabae is nutritious, containing protein, Carbohydrate, crude fibre, phospholipid, choline, vitamin B₁, vitamin B₂, nicotinic acid and the several mineral materials such as calcium, ferrum, phosphorus, potassium, Also containing 8 kinds of essential amino acids, especially contain and regulate brain and the important component calcium of nervous tissue, zinc, manganese, phospholipid and abundant Choline, has the brain strengthening function of hypermnesis, can promote the growth promoter of skeleton.Among the people think that Semen Viciae fabae can treat hypertension And edema, the modern times think that Semen Viciae fabae has an antitumaous effect, and external useful Semen Viciae fabae extracts the report of cancer-resisting substance, can prevent intestinal cancer.Silkworm Bean has stronger tolerance to cold, is the elite crop of development winter kind production, and Semen Viciae fabae root has root nodule bacteria fixed nitrogen, with luxuriant foliage and spreading branches in leafy profusion, pole Easily become thoroughly decomposed, be important green manure, but Semen Viciae fabae root nodule bacteria are suitably movable in neutral or subalkaline soil, if continuously at one piece Planting for many years on the ground, the oozy organic acid of Semen Viciae fabae root system can make soil acidity increase the weight of, and affects root nodule bacteria and soil microorganism Breeding activity, so Semen Viciae fabae avoids continuous cropping, preferably carries out rice field-upland field rotation, preferable with Oryza sativa L. crop rotation.

Corm Eleocharitis (Eleocharis dulcis) has another name called Horse hoof, Shui Li, Di Li, a kind of wild plant, the subteranean stem of which is like water chestnut etc., belongs to Cyperaceae Eleocharis, is shallow Aqueous perennial root herbaceous plant, makees fruit or vegetable with underground bulb and eats, can eat raw or prepared food, also can process canning or Make to extract the raw material of starch.Corm Eleocharitis has a good effects of clearing away heat-fire, both can clearing away heat and promoting production of body fluid, can supplement the nutrients again, there is removing heat from blood Removing toxic substances, diuresis relieving constipation, Cleering damp and dissolving phlegm, help digestion the effects such as de-swelling, and persons many to diabetic urine have certain auxiliary therapeutic action, Corm Eleocharitis In " puchiin " have blood pressure lowering and the effect of anti-curing cancers.Corm Eleocharitis also has the function preventing acute infectious disease, in measles, popular Property meningitis more incident spring, Corm Eleocharitis is good diseases prevention food.Corm Eleocharitis is universal, with river in the cultivation of Yangtze river basin each province It is more that Soviet Union, Zhejiang, Guangdong, Guangxi, Anhui, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi etc. save cultivation.Corm Eleocharitis color of the leather purple is black, and meat is pure white, and matter is crisp Taste is sweet, and how tasty and refreshing juice is, nutritious, rich in various mineral elements and vitamin, the aminoacid of needed by human body, containing albumen Matter, fat, crude fibre, carotene, vitamin B, vitamin C, ferrum, calcium, phosphorus and carbohydrate etc., have underground pear from ancient times Good reputation, northerner regard as south of the River Radix Ginseng, therefore cultivate the better economic benefit of Corm Eleocharitis.Corm Eleocharitis is weak to continuous cropping, how in Oryza sativa L. Field crop rotation Corm Eleocharitis, but Corm Eleocharitis is relatively low with the economic benefit of Oryza sativa L. crop rotation, and Corm Eleocharitis and Fructus Solani melongenae carry out rice field-upland field rotation, the most economical Benefit is preferable, and can also improve Soil structure, culture fertility, reduces the occurrence degree of disease pest and weed, reduces agriculture chemical use Amount, can improve product quality and yield, it is thus possible to significantly improve economic benefit.

Summary of the invention

It is an object of the invention to provide Fructus Solani melongenae, Oryza sativa L., Semen Viciae fabae, Corm Eleocharitis crop rotation organic cultivation method, by Fructus Solani melongenae with big Field crop Oryza sativa L., legume Semen Viciae fabae and efficient aquatic crops Corm Eleocharitis carry out scientific and reasonable crop rotation, are possible not only to improve warp Ji benefit, and Weed infestation can be reduced, that destroys disease pest source grows the environment occurrence degree with reduction pest and disease damage, improves soil Earth fertility structure, the reparation of promotion soil environment；Zero-tillage direct-sowing cultivating vegetable broad bean after late rice harvesting, haricot of gathering makees vegetable The most good in economic efficiency, and can allow the growth of stubble, beneficially succession crop early, Semen Viciae fabae straw is ploughed under in soil as green manure Can fertilizing soil, after every batch of crop harvesting, heap after straw collecting is made fertilizer or on the spot also field also can fertilizing soil, preferably Achieve the recovery of the soil organism, improve soil fertility, the benign cycle of crop cultivation can be formed, to maintain farmland The balance of ecosystem and bio-diversity, thus reach the purpose of organic farming.This crop rotation organic cultivation method in strict accordance with " Organic food technical specification " (HJ/T80-2001) that State Environmental Protection Administration promulgates cultivates, in same organic farming Organic Fructus Solani melongenae, Oryza sativa L., dish can be cultivated with silkworm and Corm Eleocharitis in production base.

Fructus Solani melongenae, Oryza sativa L., Semen Viciae fabae, Corm Eleocharitis crop rotation organic cultivation method, comprise the following steps:

(1) organic farming production base is set up；

(2) suitable kind is selected: Eggplant Varieties selection tolerance to cold is strong, moisture-proof, disease-resistant, wide adaptability, energy of bearing fruit in early days Power is strong, early yield is high, and yielding ability is good with commodity, quality is excellent, is suitable for locality cultivation and the extremely early mature of the market demand or precocity Kind, including: Hunan early eggplant, Hunan green grass or young crops miscellaneous morning, Xiangzazaohong, miscellaneous No. 2 of Hunan；Rice varieties selection disease and insect resistance is strong, resistant to lodging, adaptation Property is wide, yielding ability good, the excellent Early-mid ripening late rice of meter Zhi Hao, suitable local environment or early-paddy brown rice, and prioritizing selection is through having The organic paddy rice seed of machine certification authority certification；Vicia Faba selects Resistant, strong stress resistance, wide adaptability, resistance to lodging, grain big Cooked food type Vicia Faba morning of full, fresh and tender, high yield, high-quality, period of duration local climate condition shorter, suitable, including: big grain Semen Viciae fabae, Folium Isatidis are flat, the big grain in east, Ling Xi one-inch, the big Rhizoma Euonymus of Japan, kind silkworm No. 1, Japan one-inch bean, Xiangyang Padfoot, face silkworm 5 Number, Shanghai Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride；Corm Eleocharitis Fruit variety is disease-resistant, strong stress resistance, and bulb is big, skin is thin, taste is sweet, matter fine slag is few, is suitable for locality cultivation High yield, fine quality, including Hubei Province shepherd's purse 1, osmanthus hoof 2, Xiaogan Corm Eleocharitis, 91-33 Corm Eleocharitis, Guilin Horse hoof, Shayang County Corm Eleocharitis, group Wind Corm Eleocharitis, Huichang County Corm Eleocharitis, Yuhang Radix Campylotropis Hirtella (Herba Myrsines Africanae), Suzhou Corm Eleocharitis；

(3) following rotation system is used to cultivate: cultivation successively in the 1st year: spring and summer stubble Fructus Solani melongenae late rice vegetable broad bean, the 2nd Year cultivation successively: early rice Corm Eleocharitis, every 2 years is 1 period of crop-rotation；

(4) prescription and production specifications according to organic farm products carry out organic Fructus Solani melongenae, organic paddy rice, You Jicai Cultivate with organic Corm Eleocharitis with Semen Viciae fabae, and by straw-returning and retting fertilizer fertilizing soil.

Organic farming production base described in step (1) is that traffic convenience, irrigation and drainage are convenient, away from city and industrial and mining area, life State condition is good, heavy metal free and pesticide residual contamination, away from soot and other polluter and traffic backbone, and have can The agricultural producing areas of continuous production ability, soil environment quality requires to be not less than " standard of soil environment quality " (GB 15618- 1995) secondary standard in, irrigation water water quality meets the regulation of " agricultural irrigation water quality standard " (GB 5084-2005), and environment is empty Makings amount is not less than the secondary standard in " ambient air quality " (GB 3095-2012)；Each organic farming production base Cultivated area not less than 10 hectares, production base is linked to be sheet, has integrity, and organic production base is handed over the conventional plot that produces Obvious isolation strip or buffer strip is had at boundary.

Kind described in step (2) all selects the seed processed without banned substance, prohibits the use of transgenic seed.

Described organic farming includes following measures:

In whole cultivation, prohibit the use of including pesticide, chemical fertilizer, herbicide, hormone or growth regulator Artificial chemistry synthetic, does not use technique for gene engineering and products thereof, many with the balance and biology maintaining farmland ecosystem Sample；

Application of organic fertilizers, plantation legume is only allowed to foster and apply fertilizer soil as green manure and straw-returning in whole cultivation Earth, fertilizer uses one or more in fertilizer, efficient organic fertilizer and the bio-bacterial manure fully become thoroughly decomposed, except using animal excreta Just and outside plant retting fertilizer, green manure, plant ash, cake fertilizer, biogas manure, moreover it is possible to use potassium breeze, ground phosphate rock, calcium chloride, also can make With through the organic fertilizer of Organic certification agency qualification and microbial manure；

The plant protection policy of " putting prevention first, integrated control " is implemented in the preventing and treating of disease pest and weed, from whole farmland production environment Ecosystem sets out, the various prophylactico-therapeutic measures of integrated use, creates and is unfavorable for that disease pest and weed grows, is conducive to the procreation of all kinds of natural enemies Environmental condition, reduces the loss that disease pest and weed causes, and based on integrated pest control in agriculture, uses biological and physical method preventing and treating, The pesticide not using synthetic carries out chemical prevention, when there being pest and disease damage to occur, may utilize the mineral allowing to use or plants Thing medicament carrys out prevention and elimination of disease and pests, also can use rotenone, the Pyrethrum of plant origin, prosparol and diatom with limitation Soil, and microorganism and preparation thereof such as bacillus thuringensis, Bt preparation etc. carry out the preventing and treating of pest and disease damage, it is possible to use sulfur with limitation The prevention and elimination of disease and pests such as sulphur, Calx, lime sulfur, Bordeaux mixture；

Stablizing of farmland ecosystem to be maintained, it is impossible to cause environmental pollution and ecological disruption, often Plant residue will be cleared up in time after stubble crop harvesting, heap after straw collecting is made fertilizer or goes back field fertilizing soil on the spot, Making the agriculture Organic substance including straw all be integrated into utilizing, the garbage that can not degrade including agricultural film is wanted all Reclaim and be used.

Organic Fructus Solani melongenae cultivation described in step (4) is: previous crops Corm Eleocharitis is turned over after gathering early, cultivates 1 batch of spring and summer after shining soil Stubble Fructus Solani melongenae, including: select adapted varieties, cultivate big strong sprout ahead of time, field planting ahead of time, field management and gather.

Described big strong sprout of cultivating ahead of time is: ahead of time to early and middle ten days seeding and seedling raising in first October in year, uses seedbed nursery, treats children Seedling is heeled in the seedling culture hole plate of on the seedbed in booth or hole, nutritive cube/50 when growing 2～3 true leaves, if not heeling in, then Notice that thickness of sowing is the dilutest, when seedling grows 2～3 true leaves by seedling between square to 10cm between Miao Yumiao, or use battalion Support the seedling culture hole plate nursery of hole, alms bowl/50；Being gradually reduced along with temperature during nursery, carries out booth buckle film heat-insulating and cold, makes seedling Before arriving severe winter, grow up to big strong sprout, add a cover Small plastic shed cold season on seedbed and add a cover straw screen or mat insulation evening, making Fructus Solani melongenae Seedling pacify Entirely survive the winter；During field planting, the standard in big strong sprout is: short between seedling stem slubbing, blade plumpness is dark green, well developed root system, plant height 18～ 22cm, has 8～9 true leaves, and the seedling of 60%～70% starts to budding.

Described organic Fructus Solani melongenae cultivation is: uses zanjon height bedding cultivation, selects big strong sprout ahead of time to late March～early April Covering with ground sheeting field planting, every mu of field planting 2200～3100 strain, start mid-May to gather, mid or late July end of gathering allows stubble in time.

The fertilization principle of described organic Fructus Solani melongenae cultivation be use sufficient base manure, thin fertile duty is executed, light before topdressing amount after weight；Execute for every mu Decomposed dung 3000～3500kg, cake fertilizer 150～200kg or person poultry muck 2500～3000kg of becoming thoroughly decomposed, ground phosphate rock 30～50kg, Base manure made by potassium breeze 20～30kg, applies furrow face after ploughing deeply before whole ground；After Seedling is delayed in field planting, execute 10%～20% become thoroughly decomposed human excrement Urine or biogas slurry 200～300kg as carrying seed manure, the fruit growth after bearing fruit impose collection period 20%～30% become thoroughly decomposed night soil or Biogas slurry 2～3 times, each 300～500kg, or the cake fertilizer 50～100kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed of spreading manuer in holes, water the most in right amount.

The water management of described organic Fructus Solani melongenae cultivation is: watering field planting water after field planting immediately, moisture is unsuitable excessive, after slow Seedling Suitably control to water, promote root control seedling；Often keeping furrow face to moisten in the phase of yielding positive results, door eggplant keeps uniform moisture to supply after occupying stably Should, make soil see dry see wet；Rainy season carries out the work that digs trenches to drain the water away, and prevents flood stain to hinder root.

Organic paddy rice cultivation described in step (4) includes organic late rice and the cultivation of organic early rice, specifically: previous crops Fructus Solani melongenae Gather and after terminating, clean rural area, pour water and cultivate 1 batch of late rice after turning over and use sufficient base manure；Late rice selects suitable local environment Early-mid ripening kind was gathered in mid or late June seeding and seedling raising, mid or late July rice transplanting, mid-October；Then zero-tillage direct-sowing cultivating 1 batch Vegetable broad bean, gathered haricot being ploughed under in soil as green manure by the Semen Viciae fabae straw after haricot of gathering in mid or late April next year Fertilizing soil, then 1 batch of early rice of cultivation；Early rice selects the kind of suitable local environment to sow in late March～early April Nursery, mid or late April rice transplanting, after early rice harvesting, immediately Caulis et Folium Oryzae is ploughed under Tanaka and take advantage of high temperature and macerate rotten Caulis et Folium Oryzae fertilizing soil.

The cultivation of above-mentioned organic paddy rice uses water-raised seedling method to concentrate seedling, and rice seedling bed combines prior to seeding and turns over every mu for 3～5 days Execute the high-quality fertilizer 1000～2000kg that fully becomes thoroughly decomposed, ground phosphate rock 30～50kg or cake fertilizer 150kg makees base manure；The late rice length of time rice seedlings grow controls Within 28 days, the early rice length of time rice seedlings grow controlled within 30 days.

The cultivation of above-mentioned organic paddy rice carries out the rational application of fertilizer, in conjunction with ploughing soil according to front rush, middle control, the most steady fertilization principle The farm organic fertilizers 1000～2000kg such as every mu of barnyard manure executing fully to become thoroughly decomposed or cake fertilizer 100～200kg, ground phosphate rock 30～50kg do Base manure, after transplanting 4～5 days every mu impose and become thoroughly decomposed cake fertilizer 100～150kg or organic commercial fertilizer 50～100kg makees tillering fertilizer, shine After the rehydration of field, horse back every mu executes the cake fertilizer 50～100kg or organic commercial fertilizer about 50kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed as ear manuer.

Organic vegetable broad bean cultivation described in step (4) is: clean rural area in time after the harvesting of previous crops late rice, the most no-tillage directly Broadcasting cultivation vegetable broad bean, select suitable vegetable broad bean kind to sow mid-October, after emerging, training promotees precocity, next year in time Mid or late April gathers as early as possible and as green manure, Semen Viciae fabae straw is ploughed under fertilizing soil in soil, then 1 batch of early rice of cultivation after haricot.

The cultivation of above-mentioned organic vegetable broad bean is general to be sowed about mid-October, used bunch planting, every bunch planting kind 2～3 kinds Son, every mu of sowing 2500～3000 caves, during sowing, every mu is mixed and stirred decomposed dung with ground phosphate rock 20～40kg, potassium breeze 10～20kg Or farmyard manure or burnt dust-ashes 1000～1500kg make lid seed manure.

Above-mentioned timely training promotees precocity and is: in stem 5～7 leaf phase, pinching when base portion has 1～2 side shoot bud, often selects good strains in the field for seed and stays 5～7 healthy and strong side shoots, the side shoot base portion selected and remain the flowers are in blossom begin wither time each side shoot stop 5～7 joint spend after pinch in time, To control to nourish and grow, concentrate the growth of nutrient supply soybean pod.

Organic Corm Eleocharitis cultivation described in step (4) is: after the harvesting of previous crops early rice, Caulis et Folium Oryzae ploughs under Tanaka immediately and takes advantage of high temperature and macerate Rotten Caulis et Folium Oryzae fertilizing soil, cultivates 1 batch of Corm Eleocharitis after using sufficient base manure in conjunction with arable land；Corm Eleocharitis selects to be suitable for the kind of locality cultivation, April Early and middle ten days begins with two-phase method and cultivates anosis strong sprout, mid or late July field planting, and early Febuary in mid or late November to next year gathers.

The cultivation of above-mentioned two-phase method is anosis strong sprout: formerly year Corm Eleocharitis Later growth, growth selection neat and consistent, tiller divide Strain field strong, without lodging, without disease pest harm makees seed field, select full, epidermis is smooth and color and luster consistent, individual big the most uniform, Terminal bud and lateral bud are complete, healthy and strong, without wound, rot, have the bulb of this varietal characteristic, use stage nursery (drought Seedling) and two Stage nursery (rice seedling bed Seedling) two-phase method nursery；First stage nursery (upland nursery) is: April early and middle ten days select wind sheltering to Sun, loosing soil, fertile nonirrigated farmland or vegetable garden soil, hoe pine table soil about 10cm, it is made into furrow wide 100～the seedbed of 150cm, plants shepherd's purse and use Clean clear water soaks 18～24 hours, takes out in neatly coming seedbed after draining open fire and carries out upland nursery, holding of periodically watering Ground moistening is to lifting, and early stage takes Small plastic shed and lid plastic sheeting carries out accelerating germination, transplants extremely when kind of top dome bud length 20～25cm Rice seedling bed carries out second stage nursery；Second stage nursery (rice seedling bed nursery) is: select irrigation and drainage abundant paddy field convenient, organic, After using sufficient base manure, water is ploughed and is made into seedling field, in mid or late May carrying out in the seedling replanting in cultivating seedlings in dry land seedbed to rice seedling bed Rice seedling bed nursery, when height of seedling reaches 35～more than 40cm, field planting during cladode thick more than 0.5cm.

The principle of " front control steady, middle, then attack " is grasped in the fertilising of above-mentioned organic Corm Eleocharitis cultivation, and base manure to be used sufficient, in conjunction with turning over The farm organic fertilizer such as farmyard manure or decomposed dung 2000～3000kg or person poultry muck 1000～2000kg of becoming thoroughly decomposed are executed in every mu of soil Or the rapeseed cake 150～200kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, separately adding ground phosphate rock 40kg, potassium breeze 20kg makees base manure, acid heavier soil is when ploughing Quick lime 50～100kg/ mu to be executed；Early stage of topdressing based on nitrogenous fertilizer, the later stage based on potash fertilizer, topdress after field planting 7 for the 1st time ～10 days, transplanting combines the 1st intertillage every mu and executes the night soil 400～500kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed after turning green, to promote early tiller plant division, and the 2nd Secondary topdress every 10～15 days, execute in conjunction with weeding every mu and become thoroughly decomposed cake fertilizer 70～80kg or plant ash 100～200kg promotes envelope row, the 3rd Secondary topdress at JIUYUE early and middle ten days, execute the cake fertilizer 100kg or methane liquid 750kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed for every mu, separately add potassium breeze 20kg, to promote knot shepherd's purse.

Crop rotation organic cultivation method of the present invention is particularly well-suited to In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River.

The present invention has following good effect: Fructus Solani melongenae is a kind of solanaceous vegetables avoiding continuous cropping, and the requirement to rich water is higher, And pest species is many, harm weight, due to the reason such as accumulation of pathogen, the generation of the soil-borne diseases such as bacterial wilt during continuous cropping Ratio is more serious, is susceptible to soil continuous cropping obstacle, along with the increase of Cultivation time during Fructus Solani melongenae continuous cropping, and chemical fertilizer, the usage amount of pesticide Increasing year by year and to can be only achieved expected yield, even if using chemical fertilizer, pesticide the most in a large number, also there will be showing of the underproduction year by year As, so Fructus Solani melongenae common cultivation is extremely difficult to the requirement of organic farming, if Fructus Solani melongenae organic farming to be carried out must initially set up Scientific and reasonable rotation system.Semen Viciae fabae is vegetable, grain, feedstuff and the green manure dual-purpose crop that China is important, is also development winter kind The elite crop produced, but the oozy organic acid of Semen Viciae fabae root system can make soil acidity increase the weight of, and affects root nodule bacteria and the micro-life of soil The breeding activity of thing, so Semen Viciae fabae avoids continuous cropping, preferably carries out rice field-upland field rotation.Corm Eleocharitis is also weak to continuous cropping, and Corm Eleocharitis enters with Fructus Solani melongenae, Oryza sativa L. Row rice field-upland field rotation not only better economic benefit, and Soil structure, culture fertility can also be improved, reduce the generation journey of pest and disease damage Degree.Although Oryza sativa L. is the crop of resistance to continuous cropping, but long-term continuous cropping also results in the accumulation of field pathogen and the increase of insect density. The present invention uses Fructus Solani melongenae to carry out scientific and reasonable wheel with field crop Oryza sativa L., legume Semen Viciae fabae and efficient aquatic crops Corm Eleocharitis Make, in addition to can increasing yield per unit area and raising product quality, increasing economic efficiency, it is often more important that taken turns by floods and droughts Make to form distinct floods and droughts ecological environment, be possible not only to reduce Weed infestation, destroy the environment that grows in disease pest source, reduce disease The occurrence degree of insect pest, but also soil fertility structure can be improved, form the change of the mutual supplement with each other's advantages such as soil physical and chemical property, promote Enter the reparation of soil environment；Late rice harvesting after zero-tillage direct-sowing cultivating vegetable broad bean, Semen Viciae fabae gather haricot listing eat raw as vegetable, The most good in economic efficiency, but also the growth of stubble, beneficially succession crop can be allowed early, using straw as green after haricot of gathering Fertilizer ploughs under fertilizing soil in soil, and then cultivation early rice can not only reach province's fertilizer, the purpose of high yield, still prevents Semen Viciae fabae because of continuous cropping Cause breeding and the activity of beneficial rhizosphere microorganisms of the accumulation of the organic acid that root nodule bacteria secrete, beneficially Semen Viciae fabae root nodule bacteria；With Time, after every batch of crop harvesting, heap after straw collecting made fertilizer or goes back field fertilizing soil on the spot, preferably achieving organic The recovery of matter, adds soil with organic matter content, improves soil fertility, can form the benign cycle of crop cultivation, dimension Hold balance and the bio-diversity of farmland ecosystem, it is ensured that sustainable development of agricultural production, thus reach the mesh of organic farming 's.The present invention cultivates in strict accordance with prescription and the production specifications of organic farm products, in whole production process The artificial synthetic such as pesticide, chemical fertilizer, herbicide, hormone is not used to cultivate, by selecting the place being suitable for set up organic Cultivation and production base, select suitable kind, cultivate anosis strong sprout, timely field planting, use various feasible field management comprehensive Technical measures, make full use of the resources such as light, heat, water, gas, fertilizer, create and are conducive to Fructus Solani melongenae and rotation crop Oryza sativa L., vegetable broad bean It is unfavorable for, with the growth promoter of Corm Eleocharitis, the environmental condition that disease pest and weed occurs, can carry out in same organic farming production base The cultivation of organic Fructus Solani melongenae, Oryza sativa L., vegetable broad bean and Corm Eleocharitis.Within 1 period of crop-rotation, the yield of 1 batch of organic Fructus Solani melongenae be 3000～ 4500kg/ mu, the yield of 1 batch of organic late rice is 550～650kg/ mus, and the haricot yield of 1 batch of organic vegetable broad bean is 1200 ～1500kg/ mu, the yield of 1 batch of organic early rice is 480～560kg/ mus, and the yield of 1 batch of organic Corm Eleocharitis is 1500～2500kg/ Mu.The Fructus Solani melongenae produced is excellent with rotation crop Oryza sativa L., vegetable broad bean and Corm Eleocharitis not only quality, and the quality meeting organic farm products is wanted Ask, and yield is high, there is no notable difference with the yield of conventional cultivation.The science of technology of this crop rotation organic cultivation method are reasonable, Practicality is with workable, good in economic efficiency, can be applicable in In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River, is a kind of efficient ecological circulation agriculture Industry cultivation mode, has good society, economy and ecological benefits.

Detailed description of the invention

Below embodiment is had can the essence of the present invention to be described in detail, without limiting the present invention.

Embodiment 1

1. select the place being suitable for set up organic farming production base

Select traffic convenience, irrigation and drainage convenient, away from city and industrial and mining area (general requirement is at a distance of more than 10 kilometers), ecological bar Part is good, heavy metal free and pesticide residual contamination, away from the polluter such as soot (pollution-free source within least 5 kilometers of periphery) with Traffic backbone, and the agricultural producing areas with sustainable production capacity set up organic farming production base.Production base soil Earth environmental quality requirement is not less than the secondary standard in " standard of soil environment quality " (GB 15618-1995), and requires ground Gesture is invigorating, the physicochemical property of soil is good, water conservation fertilizer-preserving ability is strong, deep fertile, the effective soil layer of soil layer reaches more than 60cm, soil row Water venting capability is good, biological activity strong, the content of organic matter is more than 15g/kg.Irrigation water water quality meets " field irrigation water quality mark Accurate " regulation of (GB 5084-2005), it is desirable to cleaning of having abundant water resources, water quality is excellent, canal system is supporting.Ambient air quality is not less than Secondary standard in " ambient air quality " (GB 3095-2012), it is desirable to air cleaner.Organic production base should have Certain scale, general cultivated area is not less than 10 hectares.Production base should be linked to be sheet, have integrity, can not be mingled with therebetween into The plot that row routine produces, but allow to there is organic conversion plot.Production base requires opposed flattened, the good supporting ditch system of excavation, Reach in field that outside field, irrigation canals and ditches are unimpeded, fill defecation profit.Organic production base with conventional produce plot intersection must have significantly every From band, such as river, irrigation canals and ditches etc..If plot, edge is likely polluted by neighbouring conventional plot and is affected, then must be organic And buffer strip or the physical barrier of about 10m are set between conventional plot, the most contaminated to ensure organic plot.In view of certain A little materials can remain the quite a long time in the environment, conventional production systems typically require 2 years to organic production conversion Transition period, after the agricultural product such as the Fructus Solani melongenae cultivated thereafter results could as organic products, the Fructus Solani melongenae of cultivation in i.e. the 3rd year and other Agricultural product are only organic farm products.

2. prescription and production specifications according to organic farm products produce

Produce principle according to organic agriculture, to follow the course of nature and based on ecological principle, use breeding to combine, follow The agricultural technology of a series of sustainable developments such as ring regeneration, the balance maintaining farmland ecosystem and bio-diversity produces, In whole cultivation, prohibit the use of the artificial synthetics matter such as pesticide, chemical fertilizer, herbicide, hormone or growth regulator, Do not use technique for gene engineering and products thereof.

(1) improvement of soil fertility and proper use of fertilizer

In order to ensure the sustainable production capacity in organic production base, fostering and apply fertilizer of soil is extremely important.Semen Viciae fabae is important Vegetable, grain, feedstuff and green manure dual-purpose crop, after vegetable broad bean results, green manure fertilizer efficiency height is done in stem stalk green manuring, can effectively improve Soil physical and chemical property, improves soil organic matter content, is enriched with and increases soil nutrient, being effectively improved soil fertility, after can being Stubble crop provides multiple available nutrient, reaches the purpose that land used is increased soil fertility and promoted the agriculture cultivation that organises, so 1 batch of dish of plantation is used Semen Viciae fabae is possible not only to obtain higher economic benefit, and can also culture fertility, supplement nutrient for soil, improve Soil structure, Production for agricultural product such as organic Fructus Solani melongenaes is taken a firm foundation.Only allow green manure and the straw such as application of organic fertilizers and plantation legume Stalk also field fertilizing soil, will use fertilizer, efficient organic fertilizer and the bio-bacterial manure fully become thoroughly decomposed.The fertilizer such as chicken manure, pig manure Within 2 months, harmless treatment need to be carried out before administration, fertilizer be mixed wet rear heap fermentation so that it is fully become thoroughly decomposed.Before fertilizer Phase available nutrient discharges shortcoming slowly, it is possible to use allow use to have fixed nitrogen, phosphorus decomposing, the root nodule bacteria of potassium decomposing effect, bud The microorganism fertilizers such as spore bacillus, photosynthetic bacteria and phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria, the activity through probiotics is accelerated nutrients release, is promoted that crop is to supporting The effective utilization divided.Allow the fertilizer type used except animal wastes and plant retting fertilizer, green manure, plant ash, cake fertilizer, biogas manure Outward, it be also possible to use the materials such as potassium breeze, ground phosphate rock, calcium chloride, it is possible to use through the organic fertilizer of Organic certification agency qualification And microbial manure.

(2) disease pest and weed integrated control

Implement the plant protection policy of " putting prevention first, integrated control ", from the ecosystem of whole farmland production environment, combine Close and use various prophylactico-therapeutic measuress, create the environmental condition being unfavorable for that disease pest and weed grows, is conducive to the procreation of all kinds of natural enemies, reduce disease The loss that Cordyceps evil causes, based on integrated pest control in agriculture, uses biological and physical method preventing and treating, does not use synthetic Pesticide carries out chemical prevention.Cultural control mainly by select resistance kind, carry out efficent rotation, cultivate of the right age anosis Strong sprout, use various possible cultivation technique measure to carry out the cultivation management of science, create be conducive to crop growth and not It is beneficial to the environmental condition that disease pest and weed occurs, to strengthen the resistant to diseases and insects of plant.It is raw that biological and physical control is to try to protection Producing the ecological environment in base, maintain the ecological balance of nature, the hostile insect in Appropriate application sky carries out Biological control；Utilize insect The intrinsic light that becomes, the taste that becomes are to catch and kill insect, and every 2～3 hectares of production base to be installed 1 solar insect-killing light (frequency ventilating type is killed Worm lamp HLD-01) carry out insect-killing trapping.When pest and disease damage occurs more serious, it is possible to use allow some mineral and the plant used Medicament carrys out prevention and elimination of disease and pests, also can use rotenone, the Pyrethrum of plant origin, prosparol and kieselguhr with limitation, And microorganism and preparation thereof such as bacillus thuringensis, Bt preparation etc. carry out the preventing and treating of pest and disease damage, it is possible to use sulfur, stone with limitation The prevention and elimination of disease and pests such as ash, lime sulfur, Bordeaux mixture.

(3) protection base ecological environment

Require in process of production not cause environmental pollution and ecological disruption, so will be timely after every batch of crop harvesting Cleaning plant residue, thoroughly sweeps, cleans base, is all transported by plant invalid body and destroys or buried, to reduce disease outside base Insect pest radix.Heap after straw collecting made fertilizer or goes back field fertilizing soil on the spot, making agricultural Organic substance all quilts such as straw Comprehensive utilization.The garbage that agricultural film etc. can not be degraded all to reclaim and to be used.

3. work out scientific and reasonable rotation plan and carry out organic farming

Fructus Solani melongenae is weak to continuous cropping, and during continuous cropping, not only the soil-borne disease such as bacterial wilt occurs serious, and is susceptible to soil even Making obstacle, the most then the underproduction, Chong Zehui garden has no harvest, so must formulate the rotation plan of science during Fructus Solani melongenae organic farming, sets up and closes The rotation system of reason, to control disease pest harm and to prevent the generation of soil continuous cropping obstacle.Through years of researches and production practices, grind Study carefully and summed up In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River spring and summer stubble Fructus Solani melongenae organic farming rotation system and be: spring and summer stubble Fructus Solani melongenae late rice dish is used Semen Viciae fabae (the 1st year) early rice Corm Eleocharitis (the 2nd year), 1 period of crop-rotation is 2 years.After 1 batch of spring and summer stubble Fructus Solani melongenae of cultivation in 1st year, cultivation 1 batch of late rice, then 1 batch of vegetable broad bean of zero-tillage direct-sowing cultivating；After in mid or late April, the 2nd vegetable broad bean is gathered, Semen Viciae fabae straw is turned over Bury middle fertilizing soil, and every mu of Semen Viciae fabae can fix nitrogen 13kg, and after plantation Semen Viciae fabae, soil fertility can be obviously improved, and then plants Train 1 batch of early rice, immediately Caulis et Folium Oryzae is ploughed under after early rice harvesting Tanaka and takes advantage of high temperature and macerate rotten Caulis et Folium Oryzae fertilizing soil, then cultivate 1 batch of Corm Eleocharitis, water chestnut Shepherd's purse is cultivated by above-mentioned rotation cropping pattern after gathering again.

(1) spring and summer stubble Fructus Solani melongenae organic production

It is wet in order to In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River early spring low temperature overcast and rainy day weather many, the most heavy rain, air are mitigated or overcome The unfavourable weather conditions such as degree is big, create the environmental condition being conducive to Fructus Solani melongenae growth promoter, improve the resistance of Fructus Solani melongenae and alleviate disease pest Evil harm, reaches high yield, stable yields, high-quality, efficient purpose, must project above " early " word on cultivation technique, except using Outside conventional ealy maturing culture technology, should also be noted that following Cultural technique.

1. adapted varieties is selected

In the case of current China has obtained organic eggplant seed of certification the most, should select to process without banned substance Seed, prohibit the use of transgenic seed.Tolerance to cold to be selected is strong, moisture-proof, disease-resistant, wide adaptability, and ability of bearing fruit in early days is strong, front Phase yield is high, and yielding ability is good with commodity, quality is excellent, is suitable for locality cultivation and the extremely early mature of the market demand or precocious Fructus Solani melongenae product Kind, such as Hunan early eggplant, the Hunan green grass or young crops miscellaneous morning of Inst. of Vegetables, Hunan Prov.'s selection-breeding, Xiangzazaohong, the Hunan of Horticulture Inst., Hunan Prov.'s selection-breeding The kinds such as miscellaneous No. 2.

2. Fructus Solani melongenae big strong sprout is cultivated ahead of time

According to the feature that Fructus Solani melongenae seedlings are stronger than seedling winter resistance, through Test Summary for many years, we have found out a set of being suitable for In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River Fructus Solani melongenae seedlings are survived the winter seedling-raising technique.Will do sth. in advance to early and middle ten days in October by seedling raise period, use open country nursery, Heel on the seedbed in booth when seedling grows 2～3 true leaves or in the seedling culture hole plate of hole, nutritive cube/50.Also can directly exist Nursery or use nutritive cube or seedling culture hole plate nursery on seedbed in booth, treats that seedling grows 2～3 during direct nursery on seedbed Typically to heel in 1 time during sheet true leaf；If not heeling in, then must be noted that thickness of sowing is the dilutest, seedling grow 2～ Carrying out 1 thinning during 3 true leaves, square to 10cm between Miao Yumiao, a seedling gone out can be heeled on the seedbed in booth Or in the seedling culture hole plate of hole, nutritive cube/50.Being gradually reduced along with temperature, carries out booth buckle film heat-insulating and cold, makes seedling exist later Severe winter grows up to big strong sprout before arriving.Evening or snowy day during severe winter add a cover Small plastic shed on seedbed, evening that temperature is the lowest or 1 layer of straw screen or mat insulation can be covered snowy day again.So being not required to any warming-up device, in Hunan, Hubei one band Fructus Solani melongenae Seedling all can get over safely Winter, and be conducive to cultivating the strong sprout that winter resistance is stronger, the expression of Fructus Solani melongenae precocity characteristic can be promoted, precocious to give full play to it The characteristic of high yield, high efficiency.During field planting, the standard in big strong sprout is: short between seedling stem slubbing, blade plumpness is dark green, well developed root system, Plant height 18～22cm, has 8～9 true leaves, and the seedling of 60%～70% starts to budding.

3. base manure, the most ahead of time field planting are used sufficient

The bedding of whole ground and basal dressing: previous crops Corm Eleocharitis is turned over early after gathering and shines in vain, uses sufficient base after ploughing deeply 1 time again before field planting Fertilizer, base manure should account for the 70%～80% of total fertilizer application amount, execute decomposed dung 3000～3500kg, cake fertilizer 150～200kg for general every mu Or person poultry muck 2500～3000kg of becoming thoroughly decomposed, ground phosphate rock 30～50kg, potassium breeze 20～30kg, can drink according to soil fertility Feelings increase and decrease.Acid heavier soil is also wanted every mu and is executed quick lime 50～100kg.Basal dressing after typically early and middle ten days ploughs deeply 1 time March With the bedding of whole ground, furrow width (wrapping a gutter) 1.2～1.4m, furrow ditch depth 20～30cm, and hold successfully and enclose ditch and Yao Gou, accomplish furrow ditch, Waist ditch and enclose Gou Gougou and communicate in order to draining.Base manure typically all applies furrow face, the most wholely, covering with plastic film before whole ground.

Field planting in time: optional cold tail warms up head fine day covering with ground sheeting field planting when 10cm soil temperature is stablized at 12～13 DEG C. In In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River, the Fructus Solani melongenae of band alabastrum can arrive late March～early April timely covering with ground sheeting field planting above the average age for marriage strong sprout ahead of time Land for growing field crops.Every furrow field planting 2 row, spacing in the rows 35～45cm, every mu of field planting 2200～3100 strain.Ahead of time field planting not only improves on Fructus Solani melongenae does sth. in advance City, increases economic benefit, can stop again garden the most ahead of time and allow stubble, also can avoid the peak of causing harm of cutworm, anthrax, virosis etc. Phase, it is thus achieved that the effect got twice the result with half the effort.

4. field management

The rational application of fertilizer: Fructus Solani melongenae fast growth, trophophase is long, and fertilizer requirement is relatively big, and is that repeatedly result is repeatedly gathered, institute Must be in time with rich water supply.Preferably use the fertilization principle that thin fertile duty is executed, eaten the most more.Typically after Seedling is delayed in field planting, execute 1 time 10%～20% becomes thoroughly decomposed night soil or biogas slurry 200～300kg as carrying seed manure；Door eggplant executes 1 fertilizer after occupying stably, and the most often gathers 2 Secondary left and right combines to water and topdresses 1 time, within the most every 10～15 days, chases after 1 fertilizer, the fruit based on instant nitrogenousfertilizer, after bearing fruit Growth and recovery period typically imposes 20%～30% and becomes thoroughly decomposed night soil or biogas slurry 2～3 times, each 300～500kg, or spreads manuer in holes and become thoroughly decomposed Cake fertilizer 50～100kg, waters the most in right amount.Topdressing amount must be front light rear heavy, to meet the nutritional need that Fructus Solani melongenae is persistently yielded positive results, Strengthen result reserve strength, so can strive early stage high yield, later stage volume increase, high yield of full phase.

Water management: to water field planting water after field planting immediately, moisture is unsuitable excessive, then should suitably control to water after slow Seedling, with Improve ground temperature, promote root control seedling；Often to keep furrow face to moisten in the phase of yielding positive results, door eggplant is uniform moisture to be kept confession after occupying stably Should, make soil see dry see wet；Rainy season must carry out the work that digs trenches to drain the water away, and prevents flood stain to hinder root.

It addition, be also noted that and erase the following side shoot of an eggplant in time, to reduce nutrient consumption, make nutrient centralizedly supply fruit, Improve fruit-setting rate, promote growth of young.After the 1st, 2 layers of fruit harvest, base segments Huang leaf, Lao Ye, sick leaf should be beaten, with Increase ventilation and penetrating light, reduce the generation of disease.

Disease pest and weed is prevented and treated: follows the principle of " putting prevention first, integrated control ", must the most early prevent pest and disease damage, should be with Integrated pest control in agriculture is main, (i.e. seed is put into seed weight by selecting Resistant kind and disease-free seed, employing temperature to scald seed soaking Measure in 55 DEG C of warm water of 3～4 times, be stirred continuously about 15 minutes, after water temperature is down to room temperature, continues seed soaking 4～5 hours, then urges Sowing or directly sowing after bud) kill pathogenic bacteria that the surface of the seed carries, carry out reasonable rice field-upland field rotation, execute the regulation acid of appropriate quick lime Basicity, cultivate anosis big strong sprout ahead of time, suitably do sth. in advance field planting, use zanjon height plot of land film mulching and planting, rational close planting, reinforcement fertile Water management makes the cultivation management that plant strain growth is healthy and strong, prevent the science such as field hydrops, create be conducive to Fructus Solani melongenae growth promoter and not It is beneficial to the environmental condition that disease pest and weed occurs, to strengthen the resistant to diseases and insects of plant；Check in time, find diseased plant pull out immediately, Burn or buried, in cave, spread fertilizer over the fields Calx；Cleaning rural area, removing field and periphery weeds, reduce disease pest propagating source etc..Next to that Use biological and physical control, as utilized the natural enemy such as coccinella septempunctata, Encarsia formosa to prevent eliminating aphis；With frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp, The yellow insect-killing trapping such as plate, backboard, carrys out insect-killing trapping as installed solar insect-killing light (frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp HLD-01), or every mu hangs Hang yellow plate and backboard insect-killing trapping that 30～40 block specifications are 25cm × 40cm；Can also be used with Silver Grey Mulching Film covering and keep away aphid, with sugar Vinegar liquid, gyplure trapping black cutworm, diamondback moth, Prodenia litura etc.；When pest and disease damage occurs heavier, soft soap, Radix Sophorae Flavescentis can be used The plant source Biocidal antibacterial such as alkali or local growing plants (Herba Houttuyniae, Bulbus Allii, Herba Menthae, tansy, Melia azedarach L. etc.) extractant Carry out pest control, as eliminated aphis and acarid with the tansy liquid of 30g/L (fresh weight) is anti-, prevent with Herba Alii fistulosi Bulbus Allii mixed liquor and Bulbus Allii leachate The generation of pest and disease damage；Also rotenone, the Pyrethrum of plant origin, prosparol and kieselguhr can be used with limitation, and Microorganism and preparation thereof as anti-eliminated aphis with Bt preparation, HD-l bacillus thuringiensis or nuclear polyhedrosis virus etc., the evil such as trialeurodes vaporariorum Worm, prevents and treats gray mold, leaf mold etc. with trichodermin (1.5 hundred million/g of viable spore) wettable powder 600～800 times of liquid, also may be used With controlling disease such as Bordeaux mixture.Prevention and control of weeds typically utilizes covering with ground sheeting to suppress weed growth, uses artificial weeding if desired.

Gather the most in time

When Fructus Solani melongenae fruit is fully grown up, glossy, be connected with the fruit white rings band (being commonly called as eggplant eye) at position of sepal is opened When beginning inconspicuous, represent that fruit growth is relatively slow, be the commodity period of maturation of Fructus Solani melongenae.Should adopt in time when Fructus Solani melongenae reaches commodity maturation Receiving, door eggplant and eggplant can be shifted to an earlier date 3～5 days gather, this both can list as early as possible and increase economic efficiency, and can improve again a more than eggplant The fruit-setting rate of fruit, increases early yield.Fructus Solani melongenae requires the most repeatedly to gather, in order to avoid affecting plant strain growth and affecting Fructus Solani melongenae Quality and yield.In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River typically started to gather in about mid-May, and mid or late July end of gathering allows stubble in time, Then inoculate 1 season late rice.The most both reached to capture within a short period of time the purpose of high-yield and high-efficiency benefit, Land_use change can have been improved again Rate, it is thus achieved that the ideal effect of early maturing and high yield high benefit.The Fructus Solani melongenae quality produced is excellent, yield is high, and the production meeting organic Fructus Solani melongenae is wanted Asking, general yield is 3000～4500kg/ mus.

Selecting Eggplant Varieties Hunan early eggplant, (CK selects near to use organic farming alternating method of the present invention and conventional cultivation method Not planting the soil cultivation of solanaceous crops in 3 years, every mu of sealing fertilizer 60kg, calcium superphosphate 50kg, ammonium hydrogencarbonate 30kg make Base manure, sealing fertilizer 30kg or carbamide 20kg topdress；Chemical agent is used to carry out the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control no less than 4 times) carry out Contrast test, the area of each process is 8m × 20m, if 3 times are repeated.Result of the test shows: organic cultivation method the 1st of the present invention ～the disease pest harm of the 3rd period of crop-rotation is the lightest, yield is the most more stable, and low unlike CK, also have and gradually increase The trend added；Meanwhile, the product quality of organic farming alternating method of the present invention significantly improves than CK, reaches the mark of organic products Standard, but the product quality of CK can only achieve non-harmful standard (being shown in Table 1).

Early eggplant uses organic farming alternating method of the present invention and conventional cultivation method (CK) to carry out spring and summer stubble cultivation in table 1 Hunan Yield and quality and pest and disease damage a situation arises comparison sheet

(2) Oryza sativa L. (late rice and early rice) organic production

Fructus Solani melongenae is gathered after end stops garden and is cleaned rural area in time, and straw collecting heap after break process is made fertilizer, field Between pour water after turn over immediately, then cultivation 1 batch of late rice.Clean rural area in time after late rice harvesting, Caulis et Folium Oryzae is collected and poultry The heaps such as excrement make fertilizer, then at once 1 batch of vegetable broad bean of zero-tillage direct-sowing cultivating, and mid or late April next year vegetable broad bean is gathered knot After bundle, straw is ploughed under fertilizing soil in soil, then 1 batch of early rice of cultivation as green manure.

Cultivation Oryza sativa L. anosis strong sprout the most in good time

Fruit variety: disease and insect resistance is strong, resistant to lodging, wide adaptability, yielding ability are good in selection, meter Zhi Hao, suitable local ecology Environment, quality reach country and plant excellent non-transgenic Early-mid ripening late rice or the early-paddy brown rice of substandard, and prioritizing selection is recognized through organic The organic paddy rice seed of card agency qualification.

Begin sowing in good time, cultivate tiller strong sprout: during presoaking and germinating, about 10 hours can be soaked seed to kill seed with 1% lime water The pathogenic microorganism on surface, carries out presoaking and germinating after cleaning with clear water according to a conventional method；Or kill the surface of the seed with the boiling hot seed soaking of temperature Pathogen, will put in 55 DEG C of warm water and soak seed 10～20 minutes by seed, and be stirred continuously, water temperature is down to after room temperature routinely Method carries out presoaking and germinating, and accelerating germination shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally can sow to broken breast.

General use water-raised seedling method to concentrate seedling, rice seedling bed within 3～5 days, combine prior to seeding turn over every mu execute fully become thoroughly decomposed excellent Matter fertilizer 1000～2000kg, ground phosphate rock 30～50kg or cake fertilizer 150kg make base manure.Late rice is typically sowed in mid or late June, 1.0～during 1.5 leaf or within 5～7 days before transplanting, chase after appropriate dilute night soil or methane liquid send and transfers fertilizer, the length of time rice seedlings grow control 28 days with In.Early rice is typically sowed at late March～early April, after planting keeps seedling bed to moisten to 1.5 leaves, be incubated with diaphragm seal, Moisturizing is main；Alternation of wetting and drying after 2 leaf 1 hearts, fills horse race water, and fine day is taken off film ventilation seedling exercising the most afterwards, prevented rice shoot from burning, and 3 After the leaf phase, fine day starts to take off lid seedling exercising at night day, transplants first 3 days and all takes off film；Within 5～7 days before transplanting, impose dilute night soil in right amount Or methane liquid, the length of time rice seedlings grow controls within 30 days.

2. land for growing field crops prepares and rice transplanting

Land for growing field crops prepares: the previous crops of late rice is Fructus Solani melongenae, and the previous crops of early rice is vegetable broad bean, applies fertilizer relatively during due to cultivation Fructus Solani melongenae Many, fertilizer of having a surplus is not finished, and the straw of vegetable broad bean ploughs under, as green manure, soil of having fostered and apply fertilizer in soil, so base manure during rice-cultivating Need not be too many, farm organic fertilizer 1000～2000kg or the cake fertilizer such as the barnyard manure that fully becomes thoroughly decomposed is executed general with ploughing soil every mu 100～200kg, ground phosphate rock 30～50kg makees base manure, keeps 3～3.3cm water layers to harrow a field after turning over, and ploughs whole rear preparation of raking and inserts Seedling.

Rice transplanting in time: general employing is manually planted or transplanting.Late rice is in mid or late July rice transplanting, Reference Strains line-spacing 18cm × 20cm, Planting Densities every mu 1.8～2.0 ten thousand root and stem of certain plants, every root and stem of certain plants is inserted the 2～4 young plants suckering plant of 1 paddy (1 young plant be), is participated for every mu Basic Seedling 70,000～90,000.Early rice is in mid or late April rice transplanting, Reference Strains line-spacing 17cm × 20cm, Planting Densities 1.8 ten thousand～2.2 ten thousand The root and stem of certain plants/mu, every root and stem of certain plants is inserted the suckering plant of 2～3 paddy, is participated Basic Seedling 70,000～100,000 for every mu.

3. field management

The rational application of fertilizer: according to front rush, middle control, the most steady fertilization principle, suitably executes tillering fertilizer in the case of base manure abundance With take the circumstances into consideration to use fringe granulated fertilizer.General after transplanting 4～5 days every mu impose become thoroughly decomposed cake fertilizer 100～150kg or organic commercial fertilizer 50～ 100kg makees tillering fertilizer, and after dry field rehydration, horse back every mu executes the cake fertilizer 50～100kg or organic commercial fertilizer about 50kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed as fringe Fertile.

Water management: should make full use of filling draining to regulate the water in rice field, fertilizer, air and heat, create the field of suitable paddy growth Between miniclimate.Late rice deep water live the root and stem of certain plants, (i.e. shallow water rice transplanting, pours water the most at once and 5～7cm facilitates work, early stage after turning green in shallow water tiller Shallow irrigation promotees tiller), enough timely dry fields of Seedling (i.e. starting dry field when Seedling number reaches 200,000/mu left and right), to shine to Tanaka's mud It is degree that face sclerderm, limit, field open crackle, intermittent irrigation after rehydration, accomplishes there is water strong bud heading, moistens strong seed, and later stage dry and wet is wet To ripe, prevent dehydration too early.The water management of early rice accomplishes there is water cutting seedling, and the shallow water root and stem of certain plants, tiller alive, Seedling foot dry field, dry field is multiple To moisten after water, keep dry and wet irrigation method, note rice shoot turn green after 2～3 days draining open fields, to cultivate good root System, open field 2～after 3 days again answer shallow water, the later stage can not be dehydrated too early, in order to avoid affecting mass of 1000 kernel.

4. disease pest and weed preventing and treating

Preferentially use cultural control, by select disease-resistant variety, efficent rotation, cultivation strengthen seedling, rational close planting, enrich organic Fertile, remove the Healthy culture measures such as weeds, Scientific Regulation rich water, in good time dry field in time and improve field microclimate so that it is ventilate thoroughly Light is good, strengthens the resistance of plant self, reduces the generation of pest and disease damage；Thoroughly remove irrigation canals and ditches the edge of a field weeds, Oryza sativa L. residuum, subtract The place that few pest and disease damage grows；By measures such as rational close planting, the water and fertilizer managements increasing Basic Seedling and science, make Oryza sativa L. early envelope OK, reach to suppress the purpose of weed growth；Manually cut weeds control crop smothering by farming weed eradication and using.Next to that use biology With physical control, pest natural enemy such as birds, batrachia, Aranea, parasitic wasp etc. are utilized to control the population quantity of insect, as when rice field moth Trichogramma releases preventing and treating rice leaf roller, striped rice borer and yellow rice borer when worm insect population radix reaches 100/mu；Prevented by duck-raising enclosed paddy fields Control the insect pests such as planthopper, striped rice borer, yellow rice borer and control weeds in field；Use frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp trapping striped rice borer, leaf roll snout moth's larva, The insects such as non-glutinous rice plant hopper, mini pest uses yellow card's trap.Can be selected for when pest and disease damage is more serious through Organic certification agency qualification Biological pesticide preparation prevent and treat, as with bacillus subtilis wettable powder preventing and treating rice blast and false smut, with Bt preparation, Chemical control striped rice borer, the rice leaf roller such as azadirachtin preparation, with preventing and treating rice such as matrine, azadirachtin preparation, beauveria fungus preparations Plant hopper.

5. gather in the crops

Late rice is typically ripe in about mid-October, and early rice is ripe in mid or late July.Gather in the crops in time after maturation, it is desirable to single Receipts, singles, single solarization, single storage, after drying, unification is sold.Average per mu yield late rice is 550～650kg, early rice be 480～ 560kg。

(3) vegetable broad bean organic production

The vegetable broad bean haricot stripping grain that refers to gather is as the edible big grain type Semen Viciae fabae of vegetable, and vegetable broad bean is as a kind of taste Beautiful vegetables in season in spring, it is rich in vitamin, and by getting more and more, people are liked, and has been enter into the vegetable basket of more and more people, Enrich the dining table of people, so the wide market of vegetable broad bean.Semen Viciae fabae gather haricot listing eat raw as vegetable, not only Good in economic efficiency, but also can allow the growth of stubble, beneficially succession crop early.The Semen Viciae fabae straw green manuring after haricot of gathering is made Green manure, is high-quality fertilizer, beneficially fertilizing soil, increases soil fertility.Semen Viciae fabae Overwintering Growth, growth stage temperature is low, sick Insect pest occurs few, and cultivation management is the easiest, low cost, and planting benefit is good.Therefore, cultivation vegetable broad bean has good warp Ji, society, ecological benefits.

1. Fruit variety and seed treatment

Select that Resistant, strong stress resistance, wide adaptability, resistance to lodging, grain be the fullest, fresh and tender, high yield, high-quality, period of duration relatively Cooked food type Vicia Faba morning of local climate condition short, suitable, in the case of the most obtaining organic Broad Bean Seeds of certification, The seed processed without banned substance should be selected, prohibit the use of transgenic seed.Optional large broad bean, Folium Isatidis are flat, Dong Fang great Grain, Ling Xi one-inch, the big Rhizoma Euonymus of Japan, kind silkworm No. 1, Japan one-inch bean, Xiangyang Padfoot, face the kinds such as silkworm No. 5, Shanghai Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride.

Bask seeds before sowing 1～3 day, to improve activity and the water absorbing capacity of seed.Use temperature to scald seed soaking, seed is put into 55 DEG C warm water in seed soaking within 10～15 minutes, kill the pathogenic bacteria that seed carries, be stirred continuously to water temperature and be down to about 30 DEG C, then in room The lower seed soaking of temperature 1 day.For promoting formation and the growth of root nodule bacteria, improve nitrogen fixing capacity, nitragin can be used to dress seed, every 12kg kind Son mixes nitragin 100g, i.e. mixes and i.e. uses.

2. begin sowing in good time

The previous crops of vegetable broad bean is late rice, cleans rural area in time, open every 3.0～3.5m in field at once after late rice harvesting Article 1, the ditch of wide about 30cm, and hold successfully enclose ditch, in order to draining, then no-tillage and direct-seeding vegetable broad bean on furrow face.General in 10 months Sow about ten days, use bunch planting, the deep 5cm in cave, every bunch planting kind 2～3 seeds, suitable thin planting, every mu of sowing 2500～3000 caves. General every furrow kind 5 row, Reference Strains line-spacing 35～40cm × 60～65cm, sowing quantity 7～15kg/ mu, it is ensured that every mu of seedling 5000 About strain.During sowing, every mu is mixed and stirred decomposed dung or farmyard manure or burnt dust-ashes with ground phosphate rock 20～40kg, potassium breeze 10～20kg 1000～1500kg make lid seed manure.

3. field management

Rich water quality management: be generally not required to topdress, if being presented with fertilizer deficiency symptom, can fit after emerging and executing 1 seed manure, Execute thin person poultry muck 500kg or decomposed manure 500～800kg promotion growth of seedling stalwartness and nodule formation, simultaneously for every mu Promote proleptic branch.Also flower, pod fertilizer can be suitably imposed in early flowering season and fruiting period.The rainfall of the Yangtze river basin is abundant, except the special time Typically need not pour water outward, as excessive rainfall draining in time should drop stain, the rainy day carries out ditch cleaning drainage works.

In time training promotees precocity: Semen Viciae fabae bears pods mainly by side shoot, and training is to promote Semen Viciae fabae collateral generation, precocious, early go public, Volume increase and a Main Cultivation Measures of raising commodity, because training not only can improve field ventilation and penetrating light, alleviate disease pest The generation of evil, and the nutrient reasonable distribution of scalable plant, promote bear pods and do sth. in advance maturation.General in the stem 5～7 leaf phase (i.e. when the compound leaf being made up of 5～7 lobules occurs in half plant), pinching when base portion has 1～2 side shoot bud, to extract 1 leaf 1 heart is degree, promotes side shoot early to send out, often selects good strains in the field for seed and stay 5～7 healthy and strong side shoots, and before striving for the winter, individual plant reaches the healthy and strong side shoot of about 5 (effective branch).The side shoot base portion selected and remain the flowers are in blossom begin to wither time (when the tender pod of root have 1～3cm long time the first pod phase) every Individual side shoot is stopped after 5～7 joints are spent and is pinched in time, extracts top 1 leaf 1 heart, to control to nourish and grow, concentrates nutrient supply soybean pod raw Long, thus promote that soybean pod growth promoter and Semen Viciae fabae are precocious.

Disease pest and weed is prevented and treated: mainly use cultural control, and pest and disease damage can be by selecting Resistant kind, selecting disease-free seed Begin sowing in good time, efficent rotation, rational close planting and in time training improve field ventilation and penetrating light condition, hold drain ditch in the field successfully reduces field Between humidity, pull out the measure preventing and treatings such as diseased plant, sick leaf and sick pod in time.Reasonable utilization biology and physical control, Protect natural enemies, create Be conducive to the environmental condition of natural enemy existence, use frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp, colour table trapping adult, hang silver grey film bar repellent aphid Deng.Bacillus thuringiensis, muscardine, nuclear polyhedrosis virus, Avermectins antibiotic prevention and elimination of disease and pests can be used if desired, red Pinta can spray the Bordeaux mixture of 12 100 at the initial stage of a disease, and aphid can be with the 200 times of liquid preventing and treatings of 5% rotenone emulsifiable solution, it is also possible to Onion-skin is in 12 ratios to water soaking 24 hours, and after filtration, extracting juice adds suitable quantity of water dilution spraying preventing and treating.

4. timely collecting

Vegetable broad bean Post flowering 25～30 days, when soybean pod is full, seed is light green, hilum not yet turn black before suitable for gathering Phase, gather the most by stages.Typically start to gather in early April, it is desirable in mid or late April, end of gathering allows stubble as early as possible.Typically The haricot yield of vegetable broad bean is 1200～1500kg/ mus.Gather and immediately straw is ploughed under in soil as green manure after haricot Fertilizing soil, then 1 batch of early rice of cultivation.

(4) Corm Eleocharitis organic production

1. land for growing field crops prepares

Caulis et Folium Oryzae ploughs under after the harvesting of previous crops early rice Tanaka immediately take advantage of high temperature and macerate rotten Caulis et Folium Oryzae fertilizing soil, remove field and surrounding Ridge weeds and stubble.The farm organic fertilizer such as farmyard manure or decomposed dung 2000～3000kg or corruption is executed in conjunction with real tillage every mu Ripe person poultry muck 1000～2000kg or the rapeseed cake 150～200kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, separately add ground phosphate rock 40kg, potassium breeze 20kg makees base manure. Acid heavier soil quick lime 50～100kg/ mu to be executed when ploughing.Two plough two rakes, make face, field smooth, keep active soil stratum 20～25cm, and keep 2～5cm shoaling layers, accomplish that face, field is smooth, mud work, clay fertilizer, grass are clean, water foot treats field planting.

2. cultivation Corm Eleocharitis anosis strong sprout

Fruit variety: select disease-resistant, strong stress resistance, bulb is big, skin is thin, taste is sweet, matter fine slag is few, is suitable for the height of locality cultivation Product, high-quality Corm Eleocharitis kind, such as Hubei Province shepherd's purse 1, osmanthus hoof 2, Xiaogan Corm Eleocharitis, 91-33 Corm Eleocharitis, Guilin Horse hoof, Shayang County Corm Eleocharitis, Tuanfeng County's water chestnut The improved seeds such as shepherd's purse, Huichang County Corm Eleocharitis, Yuhang Radix Campylotropis Hirtella (Herba Myrsines Africanae), Suzhou Corm Eleocharitis.

Reserving seed for planting and plant shepherd's purse and select: formerly year Corm Eleocharitis Later growth, growth selection neat and consistent, tiller plant division are strong, without falling Volt, without disease pest endanger field make seed field.Profile rounding, epidermis is taken without damaged, terminal bud lateral bud sturdy sound, skin when gathering Dark brown, single bulb weight more than 20g, the bulb storage with institute's cultivar feature are passed the winter, it is also possible to preserve at field wintering March in next year has dug direct nursery.

Nurturing staff: the Yangtze river basin preferably uses two-phase method nursery, i.e. one stage nursery (drought Seedling) and two-stage nursery (seedling Tian Miao) two-phase method nursery, need to plant shepherd's purse 110～200 for every mu of land for growing field crops, sowing quantity 2.0～5.0kg.A. first stage nursery (drought Ground nursery): typically at early and middle ten days selection in April hidding and sunny side, loosing soil, fertile nonirrigated farmland or vegetable garden soil, hoe pine table soil is about 10cm, broken for thin for soil hoe hoe, is made into furrow wide 100～the seedbed of 150cm；Corm Eleocharitis digging after that preserve or field wintering preserve Middle reselection is full, epidermis is smooth and color and luster consistent, and individual big uniform, terminal bud and lateral bud are complete, healthy and strong, without wound, rot, have The bulb of this varietal characteristic, soaks 18～24 hours with clean clear water, takes out and drains open fire, according to line-spacing 15～20cm, spacing in the rows 5 ～8cm neatly comes in seedbed, making terminal bud upwards, uniform fold thin sand and soil after the water of spray vola, thickness is advisable to cover terminal bud, fixed Phase waters holding ground moistening to lifting；Early stage takes Small plastic shed because of the low need of temperature and lid plastic sheeting carries out accelerating germination, after entering May Available Shading net covering prevents direct sunlight from burning seedling, transplants to rice seedling bed when kind of top dome bud length 20～25cm and carries out second-order Duan Yumiao.B. second stage nursery (rice seedling bed nursery): typically select irrigation and drainage abundant paddy field convenient, organic mid-May, often Mu is executed and is become thoroughly decomposed farm organic fertilizer 2000～3000kg or become thoroughly decomposed dung polluted water 1500～2000kg or the cake fertilizer 150kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed makees base manure, Turn over seedling field by the soil water plough be made into pasty state, accomplish that the flat mud in field is rotten；In mid or late May, in cultivating seedlings in dry land seedbed, lifting moves Plant, Reference Strains line-spacing 40～50cm × 50～60cm, every cave 1 young plant；Early stage water irrigating depth 2～3cm after transplanting seedlings, should not surpass the most deeply Crossing 4cm, the later stage depth of water keeps 3～5cm；Topdress seedling stage and preferably gently execute duty and execute, transplant latter about 15 days every mu water and execute 30% loose stool water Or dilute methane liquid 500～1000kg, and weed Fender grass, every about 10 days every mu water again and execute 30% loose stool water or dilute methane liquid 500 ～1000kg；After 30～40 days, height of seedling reaches 35～more than 40cm, field planting during cladode thick more than 0.5cm.

3. field planting in good time

General in mid or late July field planting, at the latest less than the beginning of autumn.1 clump, every cave during field planting, every clump has 3～5 cladodes, The field planting degree of depth is advisable to enter mud 10～12cm.If rice shoot is the highest, the tip of a branch should be prescinded, stay cladode high 30～35cm, or by the tip Head gives a discount and plants in water, in order to avoid being broken by windbreak after field planting and shaking stock.In order to improve field ventilation and penetrating light, reduce pest and disease damage Generation, during organic farming should suitable thin planting, density is generally 2500～3000 caves/mu, Reference Strains line-spacing 40～50cm × 50 ～60cm.

4. field management

Topdress: the principle of " front control steady, middle, then attack " is grasped in fertilising, and base manure to be used sufficient, early stage of topdressing with nitrogenous fertilizer is in good time Master, later stage are based on potash fertilizer.Topdress for 1st time after field planting 7～10 days, transplant and combine the 1st intertillage every mu after turning green and execute and become thoroughly decomposed Night soil 400～500kg, to promote early tiller plant division；Topdress for 2nd time every 10～15 days, about in the August of plant vigorous growth In the middle ten days, execute become thoroughly decomposed cake fertilizer 70～80kg or plant ash 100～200kg promotion envelope row in conjunction with weeding every mu；Topdress in JIUYUE for 3rd time Early and middle ten days, imposes balling according to full field growing state fertile, the center strain of cladode color burn, ramet the most on the ground in right amount Execute the cake fertilizer 100kg or methane liquid 750kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed for every mu when starting pumping scape, separately add potassium breeze 20kg, to promote knot shepherd's purse.

Water management: keep about 3cm shoaling layer in order to taking root during field planting, keep the depth of water 5～8cm in order to work after field planting The root and stem of certain plants, keeps shoaling layer 2～5cm in order to plant division, accelerates gradually to deepen to pour water along with plant strain growth later after turning green, vigorous period Keep water layer 6～9cm, want appropriateness draining dry field at the beginning of 9 months such as stem and leaf over growth by the end of August, to suppress too much plant division, promote to carry Early knot shepherd's purse, expansion of corms phase mid-September to mid-October keeps the depth of water 5～10cm, late October field start to cut off the water supply, keep shallow Water moistens；Mid or late November digs trenches to drain the water away in order to excavating.

Middle weeding: combining for 7～10 days after field planting topdresses carries out the 1st intertillage, cuts weeds with hand-lifting.Every 10～15 days Topdress in conjunction with the 2nd time and carry out weeding in the 2nd time, find that the close ground of Seedling can take out a part of thin and delicate Seedling, promote ventilation and penetrating light, Make strain clump robust growth, enhance disease resistance.The formation of corm phase is strictly on guard against that people and animals go to the field, in order to avoid stepping on disconnected sobole.

The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: preferentially use cultural control, such as efficent rotation, selection Resistant kind, selects anosis field to stay Plant, select anosis kind of ball work kind, nurturing staff；Rational close planting, suitable thin planting, keep ventilation and penetrating light between good strain；Strengthen Cultivation management, apply fertilizers scientifically, enrich phosphorus, potash fertilizer, strengthen plant resistant to diseases and insects；Cleaning rural area in time, winter, cladode was withered After residual for field stem dead leaf is all removed, focus on or retting compost, root out limit, field weeds, reduce first the invading of pest and disease damage in the coming year Dye source；Science Guan Shui, it is to avoid string filling, flood irrigation and the water by morbidity Tanaka pour into anosis Tanaka, period of disease appropriateness dry field, reduce wet Degree, moistens little cracking (i.e. mud surface is hard, and the inside is soft) be advisable to shine to face, field, rehydration immediately after junction；Land for growing field crops plough is every when turning over Mu is executed quick lime 50～100kg and is carried out soil disinfection.Advocate and use biological and physical control, protection batrachia predation Field Pests, Utilize the natural enemy predation insects such as trichogramma, Cao Ling, Encarsia formosa, ladybug, wasp fly；Use frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp or sex attractant Trapping Prodenia litura, white standing grain snout moth's larva etc., use yellow card's trap alatae adult.Their early stage is pulled out diseased plant in time and is taken out of outside field deep Bury, can prevent and treat with Bt preparation with bacillus subtilis or Bacillus licheniformis or Paenibacillus polymyxa controlling disease if desired Insect pest.

5. gather

About in mid or late November, the ground stem and leaf of Corm Eleocharitis starts the most withered and the most yellow and gradually withered lodging, bulb skin When color is transformed into yellowish-brown to bronzing by white, bulb maturation can be gathered.General after mid-December, per day temperature Degree is down to less than 5 DEG C, and in bulb, sugar content is high, and the sweet succulence of taste, for optimum period of gathering.Collection period is with February in late December to next year The first tenday period of a month are advisable.General yield 1500～2500kg/ mu.

In sum, Fructus Solani melongenae, Oryza sativa L., vegetable broad bean and the Corm Eleocharitis not only quality that crop rotation organic cultivation method of the present invention produces Excellent, meet the prescription of organic farm products, and yield is high, there is no notable difference with the yield of conventional cultivation；Planting process Middle pest and disease damage occurs gently, soil fertility can be effectively improved, and uses the inventive method rotation cropping for many years, not only overall effect Fruit performance is stable, and the trend that the yield of Fructus Solani melongenae is also gradually increased.

Claims

1. Fructus Solani melongenae, Oryza sativa L., Semen Viciae fabae, Corm Eleocharitis crop rotation organic cultivation method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:

(1) organic farming production base is set up；

(2) suitable kind is selected: Eggplant Varieties selects that tolerance to cold is strong, moisture-proof, disease-resistant, wide adaptability, ability of bearing fruit in early days is strong, Early yield is high, and yielding ability is good with commodity, quality is excellent, is suitable for locality cultivation and the extremely early mature of the market demand or early-maturing variety, Including: Hunan early eggplant, Hunan green grass or young crops miscellaneous morning, Xiangzazaohong, miscellaneous No. 2 of Hunan；Rice varieties selects that disease and insect resistance is strong, resistant to lodging, wide adaptability, Yielding ability is good, the excellent Early-mid ripening late rice of meter Zhi Hao, suitable local environment or early-paddy brown rice, and prioritizing selection is through Organic certification The organic paddy rice seed of agency qualification；Vicia Faba select Resistant, strong stress resistance, wide adaptability, resistance to lodging, grain the fullest, Cooked food type Vicia Faba morning of fresh and tender, high yield, high-quality, period of duration local climate condition shorter, suitable, including: large broad bean, Folium Isatidis is flat, the big grain in east, Ling Xi one-inch, the big Rhizoma Euonymus of Japan, kind silkworm No. 1, Japan one-inch bean, Xiangyang Padfoot, face silkworm No. 5, on Sea Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride；Corm Eleocharitis Fruit variety is disease-resistant, strong stress resistance, and bulb is big, skin is thin, taste is sweet, matter fine slag is few, is suitable for the height of locality cultivation Product, fine quality, including: Hubei Province shepherd's purse 1, osmanthus hoof 2, Xiaogan Corm Eleocharitis, 91-33 Corm Eleocharitis, Guilin Horse hoof, Shayang County Corm Eleocharitis, Tuanfeng County's water chestnut Shepherd's purse, Huichang County Corm Eleocharitis, Yuhang Radix Campylotropis Hirtella (Herba Myrsines Africanae), Suzhou Corm Eleocharitis；

(3) use following rotation system to cultivate: cultivation successively in the 1st year: spring and summer stubble Fructus Solani melongenae late rice vegetable broad bean, within the 2nd year, depend on Secondary cultivation: early rice Corm Eleocharitis, every 2 years is 1 period of crop-rotation；

(4) carry out organic Fructus Solani melongenae according to the prescription of organic farm products and production specifications, silkworm used by organic paddy rice, organic dish Bean is cultivated with organic Corm Eleocharitis, and by straw-returning and retting fertilizer fertilizing soil.

Fructus Solani melongenae the most according to claim 1, Oryza sativa L., Semen Viciae fabae, Corm Eleocharitis crop rotation organic cultivation method, it is characterised in that step (1) the organic farming production base described in is that traffic convenience, irrigation and drainage are convenient, good away from city and industrial and mining area, ecological condition, nothing Heavy metal and pesticide residual contamination, away from soot and other polluter and traffic backbone, and there is sustainable production capacity Agricultural producing areas, soil environment quality require be not less than two in " standard of soil environment quality " (GB 15618-1995) Grade standard, irrigation water water quality meets the regulation of " agricultural irrigation water quality standard " (GB 5084-2005), and ambient air quality is the lowest Secondary standard in " ambient air quality " (GB 3095-2012)；The cultivated area of each organic farming production base Not less than 10 hectares, production base is linked to be sheet, has integrity, and organic production base has substantially with the conventional plot intersection that produces Isolation strip or buffer strip.

Fructus Solani melongenae the most according to claim 1, Oryza sativa L., Semen Viciae fabae, Corm Eleocharitis crop rotation organic cultivation method, it is characterised in that described Organic farming include following measures:

In whole cultivation, prohibit the use of including pesticide, chemical fertilizer, herbicide, hormone and growth regulator is artificial Chemosynthesis material, does not use technique for gene engineering and products thereof, to maintain balance and the bio-diversity of farmland ecosystem；

Whole cultivation only allows application of organic fertilizers, plantation legume as green manure and straw-returning fertilizing soil, Fertilizer uses one or more in fertilizer, efficient organic fertilizer and the bio-bacterial manure fully become thoroughly decomposed；Except using animal wastes And outside plant retting fertilizer, green manure, plant ash, cake fertilizer, biogas manure, moreover it is possible to use potassium breeze, ground phosphate rock, calcium chloride, could be used that Organic fertilizer and microbial manure；

The preventing and treating of disease pest and weed, based on integrated pest control in agriculture, uses biological and physical method preventing and treating, does not use synthetic Pesticide carry out chemical prevention, when there being pest and disease damage to occur, utilize allow use mineral or plant medical agent prevent and treat disease pest Evil, moreover it is possible to use rotenone, the Pyrethrum of plant origin, prosparol and kieselguhr, and include bacillus thuringensis, Bt preparation Carry out the preventing and treating of pest and disease damage in interior microorganism and preparation thereof, could be used that sulfur, Calx, lime sulfur, Bordeaux mixture are prevented and treated Pest and disease damage；

Stablizing of farmland ecosystem to be maintained, it is impossible to cause environmental pollution and ecological disruption, at every batch of work Plant residue will be cleared up in time after thing results, heap after straw collecting made fertilizer or goes back field fertilizing soil on the spot, making bag Including straw to be all integrated into utilizing at interior agriculture Organic substance, the garbage that can not degrade including agricultural film all to reclaim And be used.

4., according to the Fructus Solani melongenae described in claim 1 or 2 or 3, Oryza sativa L., Semen Viciae fabae, Corm Eleocharitis crop rotation organic cultivation method, its feature exists In, the organic Fructus Solani melongenae cultivation described in step (4) is: previous crops Corm Eleocharitis is turned over after gathering early, cultivates 1 batch of spring and summer stubble eggplant after shining soil Son, including: select adapted varieties, cultivate big strong sprout ahead of time, field planting ahead of time, field management and gather.

Fructus Solani melongenae the most according to claim 4, Oryza sativa L., Semen Viciae fabae, Corm Eleocharitis crop rotation organic cultivation method, it is characterised in that described Big strong sprout of cultivating ahead of time be: ahead of time to early and middle ten days seeding and seedling raising in first October in year, use seedbed nursery, treat that seedling grows 2～3 Heeling on the seedbed in booth during true leaf or in the seedling culture hole plate of hole, nutritive cube/50, if not heeling in, then noting thickness of sowing The dilutest, when seedling grows 2～3 true leaves by seedling between square to 10cm between Miao Yumiao, or use the nursery of hole, nutritive cube/50 Hole plate seedling growth；Being gradually reduced along with temperature during nursery, carries out booth buckle film heat-insulating and cold, makes seedling long before arriving severe winter Become big strong sprout, add a cover Small plastic shed cold season on seedbed and add a cover straw screen or mat insulation evening, making Fructus Solani melongenae Seedling safe overwintering；During field planting big The standard in strong sprout is: short between seedling stem slubbing, blade plumpness is dark green, well developed root system, plant height 18～22cm, has 8～9 very Leaf, the seedling of 60%～70% starts to budding.

Fructus Solani melongenae the most according to claim 4, Oryza sativa L., Semen Viciae fabae, Corm Eleocharitis crop rotation organic cultivation method, it is characterised in that described The cultivation of organic Fructus Solani melongenae be: use zanjon height bedding cultivation, select big strong sprout ahead of time to late March～early April covering with ground sheeting field planting, Every mu of field planting 2200～3100 strain, starts to gather mid-May, and mid or late July end of gathering allows stubble in time.

Fructus Solani melongenae the most according to claim 4, Oryza sativa L., Semen Viciae fabae, Corm Eleocharitis crop rotation organic cultivation method, it is characterised in that described The fertilization principle of organic Fructus Solani melongenae cultivation be use sufficient base manure, thin fertile duty is executed, light before topdressing amount after weight；Execute decomposed dung 3000 for every mu ～3500kg, cake fertilizer 150～200kg or person poultry muck 2500～3000kg of becoming thoroughly decomposed, ground phosphate rock 30～50kg, potassium breeze 20～ 30kg makees base manure, applies furrow face after ploughing deeply before whole ground；After Seedling is delayed in field planting, execute 10%～20% become thoroughly decomposed night soil or biogas slurry 200 ～300kg is as carrying seed manure, the fruit growth after bearing fruit imposes 20%～30% collection period and becomes thoroughly decomposed night soil or biogas slurry 2～3 times, Each 300～500kg, or the cake fertilizer 50～100kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed of spreading manuer in holes.

8., according to the Fructus Solani melongenae described in claim 1 or 2 or 3, Oryza sativa L., Semen Viciae fabae, Corm Eleocharitis crop rotation organic cultivation method, its feature exists In, the organic paddy rice cultivation described in step (4) includes organic late rice and the cultivation of organic early rice, specifically: previous crops Fructus Solani melongenae is gathered Clean rural area after end, pour water and cultivate 1 batch of late rice after turning over and use sufficient base manure；Late rice selected in the morning of suitable local environment Cooked food kind was gathered in mid or late June seeding and seedling raising, mid or late July rice transplanting, mid-October；Then 1 batch of dish of zero-tillage direct-sowing cultivating is used Semen Viciae fabae, fosters and apply fertilizer in gather haricot being ploughed under in soil as green manure by the Semen Viciae fabae straw after haricot of gathering of mid or late April next year Soil, then 1 batch of early rice of cultivation；Early rice selects the kind of suitable local environment to educate in late March～early April sowing Seedling, mid or late April rice transplanting, after early rice harvesting, immediately Caulis et Folium Oryzae is ploughed under Tanaka and take advantage of high temperature and macerate rotten Caulis et Folium Oryzae fertilizing soil.

9., according to the Fructus Solani melongenae described in claim 1 or 2 or 3, Oryza sativa L., Semen Viciae fabae, Corm Eleocharitis crop rotation organic cultivation method, its feature exists In, the organic vegetable broad bean cultivation described in step (4) is: cleaning rural area after the harvesting of previous crops late rice in time, no-tillage and direct-seeding is planted at once Training vegetable broad bean, selects suitable vegetable broad bean kind to sow mid-October, and after emerging, training promotees precocity, April next year in time Gather as early as possible the middle ten days and the last ten days and Semen Viciae fabae straw is ploughed under fertilizing soil in soil, then 1 batch of early rice of cultivation as green manure after haricot.

10., according to the Fructus Solani melongenae described in claim 1 or 2 or 3, Oryza sativa L., Semen Viciae fabae, Corm Eleocharitis crop rotation organic cultivation method, its feature exists In, the cultivation of organic Corm Eleocharitis described in step (4) is: Caulis et Folium Oryzae ploughs under after the harvesting of previous crops early rice Tanaka immediately and takes advantage of high temperature and macerate rotten Caulis et Folium Oryzae Fertilizing soil, cultivates 1 batch of Corm Eleocharitis after using sufficient base manure in conjunction with arable land；Corm Eleocharitis selects to be suitable for the kind of locality cultivation, in early and middle ten days in April Beginning with two-phase method to cultivate anosis strong sprout, mid or late July field planting, early Febuary in mid or late November to next year gathers.