CN101803518A - Standardized plating method of Kunming begonia traditional Chinese medicinal materials - Google Patents
Standardized plating method of Kunming begonia traditional Chinese medicinal materials Download PDFInfo
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- CN101803518A CN101803518A CN 201010133929 CN201010133929A CN101803518A CN 101803518 A CN101803518 A CN 101803518A CN 201010133929 CN201010133929 CN 201010133929 CN 201010133929 A CN201010133929 A CN 201010133929A CN 101803518 A CN101803518 A CN 101803518A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a standardized plating method of Kunming begonia traditional Chinese medicinal materials, which comprises the steps of (1) seedling propagation, (2) field transplanting, (3) field management, (4) harvesting and the like. The method of the invention can be used for planting in mountain areas with the middle subtropical zone weather. The standardized plating method of the Kunming begonia traditional Chinese medicinal materials of the invention has the advantages that the annual yield of the five-year Kunming begonia traditional Chinese medicinal materials under the condition of a normal year can reach 500 to 700 kg/mu (fresh), in addition, each index of the Kunming begonia traditional Chinese medicinal materials conforms to the requirements of the content of Good Agriculture Practice (GPA), the standardized large-scale planting can be realized, the Kunming begonia industry can be vigorously developed in the mountain areas, considerable social and economic benefits can be created, and the invention can also bring good ecological environment benefits.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the plant cultivation field, relate in particular to a kind of kind method for planting of tripterygium hypoglaucum hutcs traditional Chinese medicine.
Background technology
Tripterygium hypoglaucum hutcs is the perennial fallen leaves liana of Celastraceae Thunder God Calamus shrub [Tripterygiumhypoglaucum (Levl) Hutch], has another name called powder back of the body thunder godvine, tripterygium hypoglaucum hutch, glaucousback threewingnut root-bark etc.Beginning of tripterygium hypoglaucum hutcs sees the Wu of the Qing Dynasty, and it completes " Illustrated Book on Plants " volume 36, and its main medicinal part is root, Gen Pi and stem branch.Tripterygium hypoglaucum hutcs by the traditional Chinese medical science be used for desinsection, stimulate the circulation of the blood and cause the muscles and joints to relax, clearing heat and detoxicating, dispel rheumatism etc., be the raw medicinal material of pharmacopeia kind " tripterygium hypoglaucum hutch tablet ".The important value of tripterygium hypoglaucum hutcs at aspects such as numerous autoimmune diseases (as lupus erythematosus etc.), tumour, leukemia and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) found in research both at home and abroad in succession.
Tripterygium hypoglaucum hutcs once was distributed widely on the south China the Changjiang river provinces and regions such as part provinces and regions and southwest such as Yunnan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Hunan, Jiangxi, and the Sichuan Panxi Diqu is one of main area, and medicinal material and raw material all rely on wild resource and excavate.Because drug market increase in demand and new drug Products Development, very difficulty is upgraded in the rapid atrophy in tripterygium hypoglaucum hutcs area naturally, and wild resource faces a crisis.Therefore, how to protect with sustainable use tripterygium hypoglaucum hutcs resource not only significantly, and have important economic value Chinese medicine and ethnic drug.Yet there are no the man report of planting research of wild change of relevant tripterygium hypoglaucum hutcs, this patent has been filled up the blank of tripterygium hypoglaucum hutcs aspect artificial planting, has better economic, ecology and social benefit.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to the wild change of tripterygium hypoglaucum hutcs man is planted, remedied the technological gap that does not have artificial establishing in large scale at present, provide a kind of every index to meet the content request of traditional Chinese medicine quality of production management regulation (GAP), the establishing in large scale that can standardize, the normalized planting method of the tripterygium hypoglaucum hutcs of plantation small investment, high efficiency.
The normalized planting method of a kind of tripterygium hypoglaucum hutcs traditional Chinese medicine of the present invention may further comprise the steps:
(1) seedling breeding;
(2) field-transplanting
Soil condition: soil is with fertile, loose, preserve moisture and fertility, loam or sand loam more than the farming bed thickness 30cm, and the pH value is 6.0～7.5, organic＞more than 1.0%; The gradient is during greater than 15 °, should be tread soil less than 15 °;
Atmospheric conditions: air is pollution-free, and atmosphere index II is between 0.6～1.0;
Condition of water quality: annual rainfall 1000mm～1500mm, rain hot same period, having can be for the water source and the facility of irrigating;
1m * 1m digs the cave by seeding row spacing, executes microbial organic fertilizer and makes base manure, covers fine earth and passes the winter; Fine day or cloudy day transplant after spring or autumn selecting rain;
(3) field management
1. intertillage: transplant and carry out intertill and clean tillage back every year;
2. topdress
1 year: after being revival from transplanting, impose urea; Imposing microbial organic fertilizer 6-7 month in conjunction with intertill and clean tillage around plant and cover fine earth; Executing phosphate fertilizer in 11-12 month passes the winter in order to plant;
1 year: germinate in 3-4 month come into leaves before and 7-8 month in conjunction with intertill and clean tillage, impose a microbial organic fertilizer around plant, cover the fine earth water spinach root and stem of certain plants;
After the 3rd year, germinate in 3-4 month come into leaves before in conjunction with intertill and clean tillage, impose microbial organic fertilizer around plant and cover fine earth;
3. beat inflorescence
It is extraterrestrial to remove reservation seed collecting, and remaining tripterygium hypoglaucum hutcs cuts off the branch of wounded in the battle preface with secateurs when showing bud;
4. the shaping of pruning
Grew tall to 50cm when above when tripterygium hypoglaucum hutcs stem rattan in 1 year, the point of pinching keeps plant height in 50cm, and side shoot is more than 3 when above simultaneously, cuts off the growing way difference and has damage by disease and insect, withered branch;
Begin setting 1 year winter, keep plant height at 100cm, divide stem to count the 3-4 strain, remainder cuts off with secateurs;
Prune annual winter after the 3rd year, keeps plant height at 150cm, divides stem to count the 3-4 strain;
(4) gather
Generally in about February November to next year, gather after 5 years: strike off above-ground plant parts, weed a garden, dig out root as traditional Chinese medicine in plantation.
As a kind of embodiment wherein, above-mentioned seedling breeding adopts seminal propagation, comprise the steps: choosing in spring big, a full seed, with 40 ℃ of water seed soakings and rinsing, pull out and fully mix thoroughly in 50: 1 ratios with thin burnt dust-ashes and seed after filter is done, evenly be sowed at the kind seedbed of whole good railway carriage or compartment face, and epiphragma is preserved moisture, is incubated, keep 18～27 ℃ of temperature in the shed, humidity is 80～90%, and maintenance is ventilated; Film was taken off in 30～40 days fully in the back of emerging, and carried out thinning, weeding and topdressed; The booth seedling is being transplanted previous month, or seedling grows to 25cm when above, the ventilation hardening.
As another embodiment, above-mentioned seedling breeding adopts cottage propagation, and its step is as follows:
(1) preparation of Cha Tiaoing: select 1-2 to give birth to healthy and strong branch, it is good transplanting a cutting with 2-3 joint of band, and diameter begins directly to be cut into the long plugged ear of 10-15cm with scissors from first joint of branch base portion at 5-12mm, and every section has the 2-4 joint.The cuttage bar that shears is sterilized with the submergence of 750 times of 50% wettable carbendazim solution 30 seconds, and taking-up drains, and converts 2000 times of liquid immersions of water cuttage bar base portion 3cm-5cm place with root-inducing powder and takes out about 5 seconds.
(2) cottage method: on whole good railway carriage or compartment face, open traverse furrow, ditch depth 8-10cm, ditch slightly tilt to lean against on the furrow bank with the cuttage bar apart from 10cm then, and the lower end is seated (gradient 75-85 °).Spacing in the rows 8cm, line-spacing 10cm; After inserting good bar, dig Xin Gou by ditch apart from 10cm at the railway carriage or compartment face, fill and lead up the ditch of the good branch of cuttage with the new soil that rises with spud, and the compacting of exerting oneself slightly; Should the sky after cuttage finishes water permeablely, and epiphragma be preserved moisture, is incubated.
(3) take off film ventilation hardening and shading: in 10 days, should guarantee that canopy temperature is between 18 ℃-27 ℃, about ground temperature 20-25 ℃, in order to the vernalization leafing after the cuttage.Sprout and come into leaves the back, take off film ventilation, during still greater than 30 ℃, take the sunshade net and shade, transplanted out the garden before 15 days, or cuttage seeding is grown to 25cm when above, the ventilation hardening as temperature of shed as the weather continuous high temperature.
As another embodiment, above-mentioned seedling breeding adopts method for tissue culture, and its step is as follows:
1. the delicate blade in clip tripterygium hypoglaucum hutcs branch top, earlier with aseptic washing 3 times, then on superclean bench with soaking in 75% ethanol 30 seconds, soaked 5-6 minute in 0.15% mercuric chloride, aseptic water washing is more than 5 times, blot the water of blade surface with aseptic filter paper, under aseptic condition, blade is cut into 1cm
2About fritter, be inoculated in callus inducing medium, in culturing room 25 ± 2 ℃, 12 hours illumination conditions are cultivated down and were induced callus group in 35 days;
2. callus group is shifted to be connected to and carry out enrichment culture in the differential medium, cultivate and differentiate the bud of growing thickly after 20 days;
3. the bud of will growing thickly changes the strong seedling culture base over to, cultivates 20 days;
4. pass through the no offspring of strong seedling culture, go in the root media, cultivate and to send out roots in 25 days.
5. group training required medium of each stage is:
A, callus inducing medium: WPM+KT0.5mg.L
-1+ IAA0.2;
B, differential medium: MS+6-BA0.5mg.L
-1+ NAA0.1mg.L
-1
C, strong seedling culture base: MS+6-BA0.2mg.L
-1+ NAA0.5mg.L
-1
D, root media: 1/2MS+IBA0.5mg.L
-1
The all additional white sugar 30g/L of all above medium, agar 6g/L, pH5.8;
6. tissue cultivating seedling is transplanted:
When most of seedling grows root more than the 2cm, opened the bottle cap hardening 3-4 days, when inducing the root that grows 3-4 bar 2.5-5cm, blake bottle is moved to green house, open bottleneck gradually, after treating that seedling adapts to external environment, clean the medium of tissue cultivating seedling root, transplant to by peat: perlite: vermiculite is that seeding row spacing is 5cm * 10cm in 3.5: 1: 1 formulated booth matrix by volume.
The present invention also provides used microbial organic fertilizer raw material in a kind of above-mentioned kind of method for planting, is the mixture of Chinese medicine slag, chicken manure, potassium sulphate, phosphate fertilizer, wherein N: P
2O
5: K
2O ratio by mass percentage is 5: 7: 8.
In the whole planting process of tripterygium hypoglaucum hutcs traditional Chinese medicine, all should be noted that the control of damage by disease and insect, its method comprises:
(1) root rot is prevented and treated method: mostly occur in the rainy season in 6-8 month, the initial stage symptom is that the cauline leaf of plant overground part shows like the watery chlorosis of fertilizer deficiency, and is short and small than healthy tree, undergrowth.Extracting diseased plant, can to see fibrous root less, and be khaki, the initial stage main root does not have manifest symptom, but along with the state of an illness increases the weight of, the plant growing way worse and worse, bottom leaf begins that flavescence is withered to fall, basal part of stem can be seen mould layer of pink and glue sometimes, the yellowish-brown scab occurs at basal part of stem, and constantly expand, this is mycelium and the conidium group of pathogen.Here whole at last strain blade withers, and plant is withered.Withered diseased plant is easy to pull up from soil, and fibrous root rots to lose fully, the also rotten gradually hurdle of main root blackening brown, be used for extruding, the root cortex is very easy to be peeled off, and cause of disease is fusarium solani [Fusariumsolani (Mart.) App.et Wr], belongs to a kind of fungi of imperfect fungus.Their early stage waters root with 500 times of liquid of 25% zineb or 1500 times of liquid of 70% thiophanate methyl, to alleviate harm.Also available 50% carbendazol wettable powder 500-600 times of liquid irrigating root control of sick the lighter.
(2) anthracnose is prevented and treated method: their early stage spray debita spissitudo bordeaux mixture, or select 800 times of liquid of the U.S. wetting powder of 80% anthrax good fortune for use, or 500 times of liquid of 50% carbendazol wettable powder, or 500 times of liquid of 65% Zineb wettable powder, or 600 times of liquid of 75% tpn wetting powder, or 200 times of liquid of 2% agricultural water repellent agent, or spray with 70% thiophanate methyl 800-1000 times liquid or 1000 times of liquid of Tuzet.
(3) the high class larva of leaf roll prevents and treats method: spray medicine control when ovum hatching reaches 50% or during the larva initial stage of origination; Medicament can be with 1000 times of liquid of 80% ddvp emulsion, or 800 times of liquid of 90% crystal chlorophos, or 20% kill 3000 times of liquid of chrysanthemum vinegar milk agent, or 2.5% deltamethrin milk oil 4000-5000 times liquid, 2000-3000 times of liquid of also available bacillus thruingensis powder adds tea seed cake 1-1.5kg, sprays to get final product for 1-2 time.
(4) two spotted spider mite prevents and treats method: can spray 2500 times of liquid of 73% propargite missible oil, or 3000 times of liquid controls of 5% hexythiazox missible oil.
Comparative trial
The present invention can further specify by following comparative trial: triptolide is the main active ingredient of the tripterygium hypoglaucum hutcs medicinal material of generally acknowledging, it is the important judgement index of quality of medicinal material, we carry out the triptolide content contrast at the gather tripterygium hypoglaucum hutcs (adopting the method plantation of embodiment 2) of wild tripterygium hypoglaucum hutcs in Leishan, Guizhou area and standardized planting, the results are shown in Table 1:
| Wild tripterygium hypoglaucum hutcs numbering | Triptolide content | Plantation tripterygium hypoglaucum hutcs numbering | Triptolide content |
| ??20090301 | ??6.29ppm | ??20080901 | ??23.39ppm |
| ??20090302 | ??8.90ppm | ??20081001 | ??30.03ppm |
| ??20090601 | ??18.34ppm | ??20081101 | ??19.92ppm |
| ??20090602 | ??21.47ppm | ??20081201 | ??23.85ppm |
| ??20090603 | ??15.35ppm | ??20090101 | ??22.81ppm |
| ??20090604 | ??19.97ppm | ??20090201 | ??22.77ppm |
| ??20090605 | ??26.63ppm | ??20090301 | ??22.97ppm |
| ??20090606 | ??15.49ppm | ??20090401 | ??35.85ppm |
This shows that triptolide can better guarantee quality of medicinal material than wild tripterygium hypoglaucum hutcs stable content in the tripterygium hypoglaucum hutcs of standardized planting.
The plantation of the regional optional middle subtropical zone monsoon climate of plantation of the present invention mountain area.The normalized planting method of tripterygium hypoglaucum hutcs of the present invention, under normal time situation, living tripterygium hypoglaucum hutcs medicinal material annual production in the 5th year can reach 500～700kg/ mu (aquatic foods), and the every index of tripterygium hypoglaucum hutcs medicinal material meets the content request of traditional Chinese medicine quality of production management regulation (GAP), establishing in large scale can standardize, greatly develop the tripterygium hypoglaucum hutcs industry in the mountain area and not only can create considerable economic results in society, can also bring good ecological environment benefit.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
The normalized planting method one of tripterygium hypoglaucum hutcs:
(1) seedling breeding
Adopt seminal propagation, step is as follows:
1. seed collection
Acquisition time: gather the tripterygium hypoglaucum hutcs seed in 9～November of autumn;
Collecting method: select good, healthy and strong tripterygium hypoglaucum hutcs plant to do to gather the seed maternal plant; With under the fruit shear, take back the indoor seed of taking with secateurs;
2. seed screening and storage: remove the fruit wing, shrivelled seed, choosing big, the full seed 20cm * 20cm cloth bag of packing into hangs over dry ventilation and preserves;
3. put in order ground to the choosing of ground, seedbed
The selection physical features is smooth, and the plot of the convenient and deep 30cm of plow layer of irrigation and drainage requires the soil subacidity to neutral as tripterygium hypoglaucum hutcs planting seed grow seedlings plot or green house;
Time of site preparation: at the beginning of mid-March～April in spring;
Whole ground: carried out in preceding 10～15 days in sowing, plough or manually dig, plough the soil block of carefully raking, tilling depth 30cm, the most foreign material of inspection with ox;
Play the railway carriage or compartment: the wide 1.2m in railway carriage or compartment, long 10m～20m, ditch depth 10cm, wide 30cm;
Soil disinfection: spray the railway carriage or compartment face with 750 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim or 600 times of liquid of 75% tpn, give nursery bed disinfection, sowing after 5 days;
4. seed treatment
Seed soaking: with 40 ℃ of water seed soakings, naturally cool to room temperature before the sowing, the back with the clear water rinsing is once pulled filter out and is done;
Seed dressing:
In seed: thin 1: 50 ratio of burnt dust-ashes weight ratio is fully mixed thoroughly and is waited to broadcast;
5. planting seed
Type of seeding: open the shallow ridges of dark 2cm by the ditch distance of 10cm on the face of railway carriage or compartment, the seed of having mixed burnt dust-ashes evenly is sowed in the face ditch of railway carriage or compartment, earthing lid ditch makes the railway carriage or compartment face smooth;
Seeding quantity: press 3.5kg/ mu;
After planting water once with sprayer, covering with plastic film is real with soil pressure all around then, notes keeping the humidity and the temperature in seedbed in the canopy;
6. the preceding management of emerging
Temperature: growing seedlings keeps 18 ℃～27 ℃ of temperature in the shed, and when being higher than 30 ℃, it is aeration-cooling to take off film;
Humidity: keep enough moisture before germinateing, in time water, keep the interior humidity of little arch film 80～90%;
Weeding: after planting in time carry out artificial weeding, carry out before emerging 1 time or 2 weedings;
7. management after emerging
Ventilate: note ventilating in the back of emerging, should take off little arch film daytime during weather high temperature, and raise seedling in greenhouse should start ventilation equipment and keep that air flows in the canopy, reduces temperature of shed, and night is overlay film again, keeps little arch temperature in the shed, guarantees that seed is sprouted fully to emerge;
Take off film: the back of emerging was taken off film in 30～40 days fully;
Thinning: promptly carry out the thinning first time behind the neat seedling, thinning is carried out in the place that seedling is intensive, promptly carried out the thinning second time after emerging 40 days, by spacing in the rows 3cm final singling, water once after each thinning, adopt " removing seedlings; stay seedling " to carry out thinning, the seedling that comes out between should noting during thinning trying not to damage;
Weeding: ask for an interview to grass and just remove, gently pull out, and note preventing from seedling is extracted soil, after each weeding, water once with have gentle hands;
Topdress: when 2 true leaves of tripterygium hypoglaucum hutcs seedling exhibition, should in time impose and carry seed manure once, converting water respectively with potassium dihydrogen phosphate, urea, to be mixed with weight hundred specific concentrations be 0.2%, 0.5% solution, carries out foliage-spray, per 7 days foliage-sprays once spray 3～4 times continuously.
Water: make regular check on seedbed humidity, should in time water when finding in the soil layer 1～2cm of seedbed antecedent soil moisture, the water pipe that waters will have shower nozzle, must guard against water pipe and directly waters, avoid water to flow through strong and destruction seedbed soil layer, cause tripterygium hypoglaucum hutcs seedling root to expose and cause dead seedling;
Prevention waterlogging: open country is grown seedlings and will be cleaned out a drain to keep the drain ditch unimpeded, guarantees that the seedbed do not have ponding;
Pinching: need prune when above when the tripterygium hypoglaucum hutcs seedling grows to 40cm, the control seedling height impels strong sprout and root division about 30cm～40cm.
8. hardening
The booth seedling is being transplanted previous month, or seedling grows to 25cm when above, the ventilation hardening;
9. lifting
Lifting: digging the previous day treated that the seedbed irrigates water, be advisable that one section direction along the cuttage bar begins to excavate from the seedbed with spud during lifting, should remove withered seedling and damage seedling when excavating, and it is deposited separately concentrate destruction with the moistening not ponding in seedbed;
Making beating: beat length and width 2m * 2m at the seedbed rand, the Xiao Chi of dark 40cm pours 500kg fine earth and pollution-free water into and stirs pulping, with the tripterygium hypoglaucum hutcs seedling by 50 strains/, then wisp tripterygium hypoglaucum hutcs root is dipped in slurry tying into wisp;
Pack: the cuttage seeding after the classification making beating is contained in the different plastic crate or bamboo basket, is placed on shady and cool place, avoid day illumination to shine, and spray water and preserve moisture, to be transported;
Transportation: with plastic crate or bamboo basket dress seedling, place vertically and put, root system pushes down, does not preserve moisture;
Nursery stock requires: height of seedling 20cm～40cm, maximum root 〉=2mm, lateral root length 〉=12cm radical 〉=3, anosis worm harm;
(2) field-transplanting
1. select ground
Soil condition: soil is with fertile, loose, preserve moisture and fertility, loam or sand loam more than the farming bed thickness 30cm, and the pH value is 6.0～7.5, organic＞more than 1.0%; The gradient is during greater than 15 °, should be tread soil less than 15 °;
Atmospheric conditions: air is pollution-free, and atmosphere index II is between 0.6～1.0;
Condition of water quality: annual rainfall 1000mm～1500mm, rain hot same period, having can be for the water source and the facility of irrigating, water nonpollution, water quality reaches the standard of country " farmland irrigating water's quality standard " (GB5084～2005);
2. wholely
When transplanting spring or transplanting autumn, in previous month to the clear garden of planting site, 1m * 1m digs the cave by seeding row spacing, mu dig about several 300 caves, cave, the dark 30cm in cave, wide 30cm * 30cm,
3. basal dressing
Dig and apply microbial organic fertilizer 1kg behind the cave and make base manure, cover fine earth and pass the winter;
4. transplant
Transplant season: spring or autumn transplant;
Transplant weather: select behind the rain fine day or cloudy day to transplant;
It is thin to utilize little trench-hoe that soil in the cave is clapped, dig length and width 20cm * 20cm, dark 15cm vesicle, the seedling root is put into the cave, guarantee that shoot root is to unfold, then earthing when seedling goes out the garden the stem that stays soil trace be above 5 centimeters of benchmark, seedling is upwards carried 1-2cm gently slightly, compress then and train 10 centimetres again after making real and loosen the soil.The non-rainy day is watered (filling) sufficient normal root water;
5. fill the gaps with seedlings
After transplanted seedling survives, check that big Tanaka lacks nest and dead growth of cereal crop seedlings condition, in time fills the gaps with seedlings;
(3) field management
1. intertill and clean tillage
Intertillage: tripterygium hypoglaucum hutcs is nourished and grown early stage, and plant is little, root system is shallow, and during intertill and clean tillage, hoe buries shallow, about about 5cm.Along with the growth of plant, the tilling depth that the degree of depth of intertillage should be suitable some, generally 5～7 centimetres for the degree.Can not carry out farming this moment with tractor, should be with manually using the hoe farming.
Weeding: hoe up weeds with the hoe about wide 15cm, the weeds of plant periphery remove with hand-lifting; Tripterygium hypoglaucum hutcs is transplanted the back and is carried out intertill and clean tillage 2～4 times every year, decide with the weed growth amount, weeding in 4～May once, 6-7 month weeding once, 8～September, combination was topdressed weeding once; In March November to next year, weeding once can be carried out in conjunction with ridging in 10～November, and the time carries out after fine or cloudy dew are done.Points for attention: forbid to adopt the chemical herbicide weeding;
2. topdress: 1 year: after being revival from transplanting, impose urea 0.05kg/ strain; Impose microbial organic fertilizer in 6～July one time in conjunction with intertill and clean tillage, consumption spreads fertilizer over the fields around plant by the 0.5kg/ strain and covers fine earth; Executing phosphate fertilizer 0.5kg/ strain in 11～December passes the winter in order to plant; Used microbial organic fertilizer raw material is the mixture of Chinese medicine slag, chicken manure, potassium sulphate, phosphate fertilizer, wherein N: P
2O
5: K
2The O mass ratio is 5: 7: 8;
1 year: germinate for 3～April come into leaves before and 7～August in conjunction with intertill and clean tillage, impose microbial organic fertilizer one time, consumption spreads fertilizer over the fields around plant by the 1kg/ strain, covers the fine earth water spinach root and stem of certain plants;
After the 3rd year, in conjunction with intertill and clean tillage, impose microbial organic fertilizer one time before 3～April, germination was come into leaves, consumption spreads fertilizer over the fields around plant by the 1kg/ strain and covers fine earth.
3. beat inflorescence
It is extraterrestrial remove to reserve to collect seed, and remaining tripterygium hypoglaucum hutcs cuts off the branch of wounded in the battle preface with secateurs when existing bud, take out of extraterrestrial.
4. the shaping of pruning
Grew tall to 50cm when above when tripterygium hypoglaucum hutcs stem rattan in 1 year, the point of pinching keeps plant height in 50cm, and side shoot is more than 3 when above simultaneously, cuts off the growing way difference and has damage by disease and insect, withered branch;
Begin setting 1 year winter, keep plant height at 100cm, divide stem several 3～4 strains, remainder cuts off with secateurs, the withered branch and the damage by disease and insect branch of cleaning plant base portion;
Prune annual winter after the 3rd year, keeps plant height at 150cm, divides stem several 3～4 strains, and remainder cuts off with secateurs, the withered branch and the damage by disease and insect branch of cleaning plant base portion.For deadwood, sick branch, should find at any time that prune at any time, band is concentrated and destroyed from the land for growing field crops.
Points for attention: pruning shaping operation, carry out in the time of must avoiding the rainy day or dew is arranged, rot introduced disease in order to avoid cause wound.
(4) gather
Generally in about February November to next year, gather after 5 years: strike off above-ground plant parts in plantation, weed a garden, dig out root as traditional Chinese medicine, the content of triptolide reaches the level of wild tripterygium hypoglaucum hutcs in the tripterygium hypoglaucum hutcs medicinal material, and stable content, every index meets the content request of traditional Chinese medicine quality of production management regulation.
(5) the tripterygium hypoglaucum hutcs extermination of disease and insect pest
1. root rot control: with 500 times of liquid irrigating root controls of 50% carbendazol wettable powder.
2. anthracnose control: their early stage sprays 800 times of liquid controls of the U.S. wetting powder of 80% anthrax good fortune.
3. the high class larva control of leaf roll: spray 1000 times of liquid controls of 80% ddvp emulsion.
4. two spotted spider mite prevents and treats method: spray 2500 times of liquid controls of 73% propargite missible oil.
Under normal time situation, living tripterygium hypoglaucum hutcs medicinal material annual production in the 5th year can reach 500～700kg/ mu (aquatic foods), and the every index of tripterygium hypoglaucum hutcs medicinal material meets the content request of traditional Chinese medicine GAP.
Embodiment 2
The normalized planting method two of tripterygium hypoglaucum hutcs:
(1) sapling multiplication (cottage propagation)
1. the preparation of Cha Tiaoing: the requirement of cuttage bar: 1-2 is given birth to healthy and strong branch, and it is good transplanting a cutting to be with 2～3 joints, and diameter begins directly to be cut into the long plugged ear of 10～15cm with scissors from first joint of branch base portion at 5～12mm, and every section has 2～4 joints.Plugged ear is tied up bundled by 100 sections, prevent that following from putting upside down, the good back of bundle is standby.Clip will be put down, and last clip cuts flat apart from last joint 2-5cm place, and following clip is apart from saving 1.5～2cm down, and following clip is tiltedly level and smooth; The cuttage bar that shears is sterilized with the submergence of 750 times of 50% wettable carbendazim solution 30 seconds, and taking-up drains, and converts 2000 times of liquid immersions of water cuttage bar base portion 3cm～5cm place with root-inducing powder and takes out about 5 seconds;
2. cottage method: on whole good railway carriage or compartment face, open traverse furrow, ditch depth 8～10cm, ditch slightly tilt to lean against on the furrow bank with the cuttage bar apart from 10cm then, and the lower end is seated (75～85 ° of gradients).Spacing in the rows 8cm, line-spacing 10cm; After inserting good bar, dig Xin Gou by ditch apart from 10cm at the railway carriage or compartment face, fill and lead up the ditch of the good branch of cuttage with the new soil that rises with spud, and the compacting of exerting oneself slightly; After the blinding compacting, should guarantee that the joint of going up of every strain cuttage bar exposes about the 3cm of the face of land.Should the sky after cuttage finishes water permeablely, and epiphragma be preserved moisture, is incubated;
3. take off film ventilation hardening and shade: in 10 days, should guarantee canopy temperature between 18 ℃～27 ℃ after the cuttage, about 20～25 ℃ of ground temperature are in order to the vernalization leafing.Sprout and come into leaves the back, take off film ventilation, during still greater than 30 ℃, take the sunshade net and shade, transplanted out the garden before 15 days, or cuttage seeding is grown to 25cm when above, the ventilation hardening as temperature of shed as the weather continuous high temperature.
(2) field-transplanting
As follows embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3
The normalized planting method three of tripterygium hypoglaucum hutcs traditional Chinese medicine:
(1) sapling multiplication (tissue culture)
1. the delicate blade in clip tripterygium hypoglaucum hutcs branch top, earlier with aseptic washing 3 times, then on superclean bench with soaking in 75% ethanol 30 seconds, soaked 5-6 minute in 0.15% mercuric chloride, aseptic water washing is more than 5 times, blot the water of blade surface with aseptic filter paper, under aseptic condition, blade is cut into 1cm
2About fritter, be inoculated in callus inducing medium, in culturing room 25 ± 2 ℃, 12 hours illumination conditions are cultivated down and were induced callus group in 35 days;
2. callus group is shifted to be connected to and carry out enrichment culture in the differential medium, cultivate and differentiate the bud of growing thickly after 20 days;
3. the bud of will growing thickly changes the strong seedling culture base over to, cultivates 20 days;
4. pass through the no offspring of strong seedling culture, go in the root media, cultivate and to send out roots in 25 days.
5. group training required medium of each stage is:
A, callus inducing medium: WPM+KT0.5mg.L
-1+ IAA0.2;
B, differential medium: MS+6-BA0.5mg.L
-1+ NAA0.1mg.L
-1
C, strong seedling culture base: MS+6-BA0.2mg.L
-1+ NAA0.5mg.L
-1
D, root media: 1/2MS+IBA0.5mg.L
-1
The all additional white sugar 30g/L of all above medium, agar 6g/L, pH5.8;
6. tissue cultivating seedling is transplanted:
When most of seedling grows root more than the 2cm, opened the bottle cap hardening 3-4 days, when inducing the root that grows 3-4 bar 2.5-5cm, blake bottle is moved to green house, open bottleneck gradually, after treating that seedling adapts to external environment, clean the medium of tissue cultivating seedling root, transplant to by peat: perlite: vermiculite is that seeding row spacing is 5cm * 10cm in 3.5: 1: 1 formulated booth matrix by volume.
(2) field-transplanting
As follows embodiment 1.
Claims (9)
1. the normalized planting method of a tripterygium hypoglaucum hutcs traditional Chinese medicine is characterized in that in turn including the following steps:
(1) seedling breeding;
(2) field-transplanting
Soil condition: soil is with fertile, loose, preserve moisture and fertility, loam or sand loam more than the farming bed thickness 30cm, and the pH value is 6.0～7.5, organic＞more than 1.0%; The gradient is during greater than 15 °, should be tread soil less than 15 °;
Atmospheric conditions: air is pollution-free, and atmosphere index II is between 0.6～1.0;
Condition of water quality: annual rainfall 1000mm～1500mm, rain hot same period, having can be for the water source and the facility of irrigating;
1m * 1m digs the cave by seeding row spacing, executes microbial organic fertilizer and makes base manure, covers fine earth and passes the winter; Fine day or cloudy day transplant after spring or autumn selecting rain;
(3) field management
1. intertillage: transplant and carry out intertill and clean tillage back every year;
2. topdress
1 year: after being revival from transplanting, impose urea; Imposing microbial organic fertilizer 6-7 month in conjunction with intertill and clean tillage around plant and cover fine earth; Executing phosphate fertilizer in 11-12 month passes the winter in order to plant;
1 year: germinate in 3-4 month come into leaves before and 7-8 month in conjunction with intertill and clean tillage, impose a microbial organic fertilizer around plant, cover the fine earth water spinach root and stem of certain plants;
After the 3rd year, germinate in 3-4 month come into leaves before in conjunction with intertill and clean tillage, impose microbial organic fertilizer around plant and cover fine earth;
3. beat inflorescence
It is extraterrestrial to remove reservation seed collecting, and remaining tripterygium hypoglaucum hutcs cuts off the branch of wounded in the battle preface with secateurs when showing bud;
4. the shaping of pruning
Grew tall to 50cm when above when tripterygium hypoglaucum hutcs stem rattan in 1 year, the point of pinching keeps plant height in 50cm, and side shoot is more than 3 when above simultaneously, cuts off the growing way difference and has damage by disease and insect, withered branch;
Begin setting 1 year winter, keep plant height at 100cm, divide stem to count the 3-4 strain, remainder cuts off with secateurs;
Prune annual winter after the 3rd year, keeps plant height at 150cm, divides stem to count the 3-4 strain;
(4) gather
Generally in about February November to next year, gather after 5 years: strike off above-ground plant parts, weed a garden, dig out root as traditional Chinese medicine in plantation.
2. the normalized planting method of tripterygium hypoglaucum hutcs traditional Chinese medicine as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that described seedling breeding adopts seed growing, comprise the steps: choosing in spring big, a full seed, with 40 ℃ of water seed soakings and rinsing, pull the dried back of filter out and fully mix thoroughly by weight 50: 1 ratios with thin burnt dust-ashes and seed, evenly be sowed at the kind seedbed of whole good railway carriage or compartment face, and epiphragma is preserved moisture, is incubated, keep 18～27 ℃ of temperature in the shed, humidity is 80～90%, and maintenance is ventilated;
Film was taken off in 30～40 days fully in the back of emerging, and carried out thinning, weeding and topdressed;
The booth seedling is being transplanted previous month, or seedling grows to 25cm when above, the ventilation hardening.
3. the normalized planting method of tripterygium hypoglaucum hutcs traditional Chinese medicine as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described seedling breeding adopts the cottage propagation method to carry out, and its steps in sequence is as follows:
(1) preparation of Cha Tiaoing: select 1-2 to give birth to healthy and strong branch, it is good transplanting a cutting with 2-3 joint of band, and diameter begins directly to be cut into the long plugged ear of 10-15cm with scissors from first joint of branch base portion at 5-12mm, and every section has the 2-4 joint; The cuttage bar that shears is sterilized with the submergence of 750 times of 50% wettable carbendazim solution 30 seconds, and taking-up drains, and converts 2000 times of liquid immersions of water cuttage bar base portion 3cm-5cm place with root-inducing powder and takes out about 5 seconds;
(2) cottage method: on whole good railway carriage or compartment face, open traverse furrow, ditch depth 8-10cm, ditch slightly tilt to lean against on the furrow bank with the cuttage bar apart from 10cm then, and the lower end is seated (gradient 75-85 °); Spacing in the rows 8cm, line-spacing 10cm; After inserting good bar, dig Xin Gou by ditch apart from 10cm at the railway carriage or compartment face, fill and lead up the ditch of the good branch of cuttage with the new soil that rises with spud, and the compacting of exerting oneself slightly; Should the sky after cuttage finishes water permeablely, and epiphragma be preserved moisture, is incubated;
(3) take off film ventilation hardening and shading: in 10 days, should guarantee canopy temperature between 18-27 ℃ after the cuttage, about ground temperature 20-25 ℃, in order to the vernalization leafing; Sprout and come into leaves the back, take off film ventilation, during still greater than 30 ℃, take the sunshade net and shade, transplanted out the garden before 15 days, or cuttage seeding is grown to 25cm when above, the ventilation hardening as temperature of shed as the weather continuous high temperature.
4. the normalized planting method of tripterygium hypoglaucum hutcs traditional Chinese medicine as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described seedling breeding adopts method for tissue culture to carry out, and its step is as follows:
1. the delicate blade in clip tripterygium hypoglaucum hutcs branch top, earlier with aseptic washing 3 times, then on superclean bench with soaking in 75% ethanol 30 seconds, soaked 5-6 minute in 0.15% mercuric chloride, aseptic water washing is more than 5 times, blot the water of blade surface with aseptic filter paper, under aseptic condition, blade is cut into 1cm
2About fritter, be inoculated in callus inducing medium, in culturing room 25 ± 2 ℃, 12 hours illumination conditions are cultivated down and were induced callus group in 35 days;
2. callus group is shifted to be connected to and carry out enrichment culture in the differential medium, cultivate and differentiate the bud of growing thickly after 20 days;
3. the bud of will growing thickly changes the strong seedling culture base over to, cultivates 20 days;
4. pass through the no offspring of strong seedling culture, go in the root media, cultivate and to send out roots in 25 days.
5. group training required medium of each stage is:
A, callus inducing medium: WPM+KT0.5mg.L
-1+ IAA0.2;
B, differential medium: MS+6-BA0.5mg.L
-1+ NAA0.1mg.L
-1
C, strong seedling culture base: MS+6-BA0.2mg.L
-1+ NAA0.5mg.L
-1
D, root media: 1/2MS+IBA0.5mg.L
-1
The all additional white sugar 30g/L of all above medium, agar 6g/L, pH5.8;
6. tissue cultivating seedling is transplanted:
When most of seedling grows root more than the 2cm, opened the bottle cap hardening 3-4 days, when inducing the root that grows 3-4 bar 2.5-5cm, blake bottle is moved to green house, open bottleneck gradually, after treating that seedling adapts to external environment, clean the medium of tissue cultivating seedling root, transplant to by peat: perlite: vermiculite is that seeding row spacing is 5cm * 10cm in 3.5: 1: 1 formulated booth matrix by volume.
5. the normalized planting method of tripterygium hypoglaucum hutcs traditional Chinese medicine as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the raw material of described microbial organic fertilizer is the mixture of Chinese medicine slag, chicken manure, potassium sulphate, phosphate fertilizer, wherein N: P
2O
5: K
2O is 5: 7: 8 by mass percentage.
6. the normalized planting method of tripterygium hypoglaucum hutcs traditional Chinese medicine as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described kind of method for planting comprised that also the tripterygium hypoglaucum hutcs root rot prevents and treats method, promptly water root with 500 times of liquid of 25% zineb or 1500 times of liquid of 70% thiophanate methyl at the initial stage of a disease, to alleviate harm; Also available 50% carbendazol wettable powder 500-600 times of liquid irrigating root control of sick the lighter.
7. the normalized planting method of tripterygium hypoglaucum hutcs traditional Chinese medicine as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described kind of method for planting comprised that also tripterygium hypoglaucum hutcs anthracnose prevents and treats method, promptly spray the bordeaux mixture of debita spissitudo at the initial stage of a disease, or select 800 times of liquid of the U.S. wetting powder of 80% anthrax good fortune for use, or 500 times of liquid of 50% carbendazol wettable powder, or 500 times of liquid of 65% Zineb wettable powder, or 600 times of liquid of 75% tpn wetting powder, or 200 times of liquid of 2% agricultural water repellent agent, or spray with 70% thiophanate methyl 800-1000 times liquid or 1000 times of liquid of Tuzet.
8. the normalized planting method of tripterygium hypoglaucum hutcs traditional Chinese medicine as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described kind of method for planting comprised that also the high class larva of tripterygium hypoglaucum hutcs leaf roll prevents and treats method, i.e. spray medicine control when ovum hatching reaches 50% or during the larva initial stage of origination; Medicament can be with 1000 times of liquid of 80% ddvp emulsion, or 800 times of liquid of 90% crystal chlorophos, or 20% kill 3000 times of liquid of chrysanthemum vinegar milk agent, or 2.5% deltamethrin milk oil 4000-5000 times liquid, 2000-3000 times of liquid of also available bacillus thruingensis powder adds tea seed cake 1-1.5kg, sprays to get final product for 1-2 time.
9. the normalized planting method of tripterygium hypoglaucum hutcs traditional Chinese medicine as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described kind of method for planting comprised that also the tripterygium hypoglaucum hutcs two spotted spider mite prevents and treats method, can spray 2500 times of liquid of 73% propargite missible oil, or 3000 times of liquid controls of 5% hexythiazox missible oil.
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