CN111357542A - Weeding and weed control method in planting production process of traditional Chinese medicine radix astragali - Google Patents
Weeding and weed control method in planting production process of traditional Chinese medicine radix astragali Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M21/00—Apparatus for the destruction of unwanted vegetation, e.g. weeds
- A01M21/04—Apparatus for destruction by steam, chemicals, burning, or electricity
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Abstract
The invention discloses a weeding and weed control method in a planting production process of traditional Chinese medicine radix astragali, which comprises the steps of turning over the ground after harvesting in autumn one year before planting, watering after soil is defrosted in spring, spraying a pre-seedling herbicide, breaking weeds by a pre-seed power rake, planting radix astragali, spraying a post-seedling herbicide, spraying brassin, manually weeding and treating weeds around fields. Regarding the field and the surrounding plots as a whole, taking five years as a period, in 2 to 3 years, if the density of all kinds of weeds in the field is below 0.4 plant/square meter, the post-seedling herbicide is not used, the post-seedling herbicide and the artificial weed removal are not used in 4 years, the pre-seedling herbicide, the post-seedling herbicide and the artificial weed removal are not used in 5 years, the steps are gradual, the number of weeds in the field and the surrounding plots is continuously reduced, finally, the herbicide is not used, the weeds in the field are completely eliminated, the weeding cost is greatly reduced, and the astragalus root finished products obtained from the plots subjected to weeding operation become organic healthy products.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a weeding method in a plant planting process, in particular to a weeding and weed control method in a Chinese medicinal material astragalus planting production process.
Background
In agricultural production from ancient times to present, weeds and crops are not compatible with water and fire, and the weeds are always a headache problem for agricultural producers due to the reasons of strong adaptability, vigorous vitality, short growth period and the like, and the flourishing weeds can cause a large amount of yield reduction of the crops, so that the weeds are effectively treated, and the method has an important effect in agricultural production.
The traditional weeding mode is two modes of weeding in fields and spraying herbicide. The first weeding mode requires labor and time investment, and the investment cost is high due to the fact that weeds are short in growth period and fast in growth. In the second weeding mode, because the herbicide has certain toxicity, pesticide residues can be produced after harvesting, astragalus membranaceus as a medicinal plant has strict requirements on the use of pesticides, a large number of herbicides cannot be used, meanwhile, astragalus membranaceus as a relatively small and popular economic crop does not have a chemical herbicide with a good effect, and most of the available herbicides can influence the growth of astragalus membranaceus.
Most of astragalus membranaceus growers weed the root and the symptoms, but not the root and kill the weeds seen in the field.
The invention continuously reduces the quantity of weeds through a series of farming operations, and finally achieves the effect of completely eliminating the weeds in the farmland to prevent peripheral weeds from entering the farmland.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the prior art, the invention provides a weeding and weed control method in the planting production process of the traditional Chinese medicine radix astragali, a field and surrounding plots are regarded as a whole, the period is five years, when the density of all kinds of weeds in the field is below 0.4 plant/square meter in 2-3 years, the post-emergence herbicide is not used any more, the post-emergence herbicide and the artificial weed pulling are not used any more from 4 to 5 years, the post-emergence herbicide and the artificial weed pulling are not used any more after 5 years, and the pre-emergence herbicide is not used any more, so that, the weed quantity in the field and the surrounding plots is continuously reduced step by step in the process of many years, and finally, the purposes that the herbicide is not used and the manual weed pulling is not carried out are achieved, but also completely eliminates weeds in the field, not only greatly reduces the weeding cost, but also obtains the finished product of the astragalus root which is obtained from the field block after the weeding operation and becomes an organic healthy product.
In order to solve the technical problems, the weeding and weed control method in the planting production process of the traditional Chinese medicine radix astragali provided by the invention treats a field and peripheral plots as a whole, takes five years as a period, and reduces the number of weeds in the field and the peripheral plots step by step, so that the purpose that not only is no herbicide used, but also weeds are completely eliminated in the field is achieved, and the finished radix astragali obtained from the plots subjected to weeding operation becomes an organic healthy product. Comprising at least five consecutive years of herbicidal operation, wherein:
the weeding and weed control operation steps in the first year are as follows:
step 1, turning over the soil after autumn harvest in the previous year: after autumn harvest, a large-sized deep-turning plow is used for deeply turning for 50cm, so that the weed seeds falling on the surface of the soil are turned into the ground for at least 15cm, and most of the weed seeds are difficult to germinate when the weed seeds are below 15 cm.
Step 2, watering after soil is defrosted in spring in the year: making a part of the weed seeds lack oxygen and decay in the muddy water, and making the rest weed seeds germinate in advance;
step 3, application of the pre-emergence herbicide: spraying a pre-emergence herbicide on the soil ground after watering for 5-7 days to form a pesticide film to inhibit and kill over 80 percent of weeds;
step 4, smashing weeds by a pre-planting power harrow: before planting, leveling the land by using a power harrow, simultaneously smashing soil blocks and residual weeds, airing for 2-3 days, and planting astragalus;
step 5, using a post-emergence herbicide: after the astragalus membranaceus is planted for about 48-53 days, weeds with the burying depth of 10-15 cm emerge, at the moment, a post-seedling herbicide is sprayed, and after 5 days, brassin is sprayed, so that phytotoxicity is removed, and the later-stage smooth growth of the astragalus membranaceus is guaranteed;
step 6, artificial weeding: manually weeding 1-2 times from the beginning of 7 months to the middle ten days of 8 months, plucking the roots of weeds during weeding, collecting the plucked weeds outside a field, and watering in time after weeding;
step 7, treating weeds around the field: weeds around the field within 100 meters are completely killed by glyphosate before the weeds are seeded on the wasteland and the weeds around the house are prevented from spreading to the field along with wind or the running of small animals;
the steps of the weeding and weed control operation in the second to third years are different from the steps in the first year in that in the step 5, if the density of all kinds of weeds is below 0.4 plant/square meter, the post-emergence herbicide is not used;
the difference between the steps of weeding and controlling grass in the fourth to fifth years and the steps in the first year is that the steps of using the herbicide after seedling in the step 5 and manually weeding in the step 6 are not carried out;
the difference between the weeding and weed control operation after five years and the first year is that the steps of using the herbicide before the seedling in the step 3 and using the herbicide after the seedling in the step 5 are not carried out; and (4) manual weeding in the step 6 is not carried out, weeding is achieved by means of mechanical operation before planting and after harvesting of the astragalus membranaceus, and finally the obtained finished astragalus membranaceus becomes an organic health product.
Further, in the weeding and weed control method in the planting production process of the traditional Chinese medicine radix astragali, in the step 3, the pre-emergence herbicide is pendimethalin, the spraying amount is 300 milliliters of 33 percent pendimethalin missible oil per mu, 35 kilograms of water is added, and the mixture is uniformly sprayed on the soil surface.
In the step 5, the post-emergence herbicide is leguminous Chinese herbal medicine post-emergence herbicide produced by Zhengzhou Changxin agriculture science and technology limited company, the spraying dosage is 50ml in total for two bags per mu, and 30 kg of water is added; the sprayed brassin is diluted by 2000 times with water for use.
In the step 7, the usage amount of the glyphosate is 1.5 kg of 10 percent glyphosate solution agent per mu, and 20-30 kg of water is added.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the circumference of the field is planned overall, and the weeding cost is greatly reduced after 5 years of planning is finished.
(2) After the method is finished, the herbicide is not used, the astragalus becomes an organic healthy product, and the economic benefit is improved.
(3) The influence of harmful chemical substances to plants in the herbicide and mechanical damage during artificial weeding in the conventional weeding method on the later growth of the astragalus membranaceus is reduced, and the yield is increased.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process block diagram of a method of weeding and controlling grass according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a comparison of the herbicidal effects of the herbicidal method of the present invention and the conventional herbicidal methods of comparative examples 1 and 2;
FIG. 3 is an annual weeding cost for several consecutive years for the weeding method of the present invention and the conventional weeding methods of comparative examples 1 and 2;
FIG. 4 shows the weeding costs of the weeding method of the present invention for the 1 st year to the 4 th year and for the four years of comparative examples 1 and 2.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the following figures and specific examples, which are not intended to limit the invention in any way.
The invention relates to a design idea of a field planting method for astragalus membranaceus, which aims to solve the problems that the field planting method for astragalus membranaceus is difficult to weed and the normal growth of astragalus membranaceus is adversely affected due to improper operation or medication in the weeding operation process. The quantity of weeds is constantly reduced through a series of farming operations, the influence on the growth of astragalus membranaceus is reduced through the use method of improving the herbicide, the weeding effect is improved, the field and the peripheral plots are regarded as a whole, the five years are taken as the period, the quantity of the weeds is constantly reduced, finally, the weeds are completely eliminated in the field, the weeds are thoroughly eliminated through measures for preventing the peripheral weeds from entering the field and reasonable pre-emergence and post-emergence herbicide use until the effect of eliminating the weeds in the field can be kept after the herbicides are finally not used. The method mainly comprises the steps of turning over the land after harvesting in autumn one year before planting, watering after thawing in spring, reasonably using the herbicide before seedling, smashing weeds by using a power rake before planting, reasonably using the herbicide after seedling, manually weeding, treating weeds around the field and the like. The key point is that the weed prevention and control is changed from paying attention to the field area in the current year and the planting range in the same season to expanding the whole planting field and the surrounding environment into consideration by the developed eye light, and the weed generation is reduced from the source through various continuous operations for many years, so that the weed seed propagation is controlled. And the manual weeding operation is not manual weeding by using a hoe in the traditional sense, because the hoe can only be used for weeding the overground part of the weeds, and only partial roots are remained in the soil and can continue to grow, so that stubborn weeds are difficult to eliminate. Therefore, the weeding and weed control method in the planting production process of the traditional Chinese medicine radix astragali provided by the invention treats the field and the peripheral plots as a whole, takes five years as a period, and reduces the number of weeds in the field and the peripheral plots step by step, so that the purpose that the herbicide is not used any longer, the weeds in the field are completely eliminated, and the finished radix astragali obtained from the plots subjected to weeding operation becomes an organic healthy product is achieved.
The weeding and weed control method comprises weeding and weed control operations for at least five consecutive years, as shown in figure 1, and comprises the following specific steps:
the weeding and weed control operation steps in the first year are as follows:
step 1, turning over the soil after autumn harvest in the previous year: after autumn harvest, a large-sized deep-turning plow is used for deeply turning for 50cm, so that the weed seeds falling on the surface of the soil are turned into the ground for at least 15cm, and most of the weed seeds are difficult to germinate when the weed seeds are below 15 cm.
Step 2, watering after soil is defrosted in spring in the year: watering a large amount of the land after thawing in spring to ensure that a part of the weed seeds are anoxic and rotten in muddy water, and the rest weed seeds germinate in advance;
step 3, reasonable use of the pre-emergence herbicide: generally, astragalus membranaceus planting is carried out about 1 month after land thawing, weeds begin to emerge about 20 days before planting, most weeds germinate and grow under the condition of sufficient moisture, and after watering is carried out for 5-7 days, a pre-seedling herbicide is sprayed, wherein the pre-seedling herbicide is pendimethalin, the dosage of the pre-seedling herbicide is 200 ml and 300 ml of 33% pendimethalin missible oil used per mu, 35 kg of water is added, and the soil surface is uniformly sprayed. The pesticide film is formed on the ground, and can inhibit and kill more than 80 percent of weeds.
Step 4, smashing weeds by a pre-planting power harrow: before planting, the astragalus membranaceus is leveled on the land by using a power harrow, meanwhile, soil blocks and residual weeds are smashed, and the astragalus membranaceus is aired for 2-3 days, so that the astragalus membranaceus can be planted formally after the weeds are completely killed.
Step 5, using a post-emergence herbicide: after the astragalus membranaceus is planted for about 48-53 days, weeds with the burying depth of 10-15 cm emerge, and then the post-emergence herbicide is sprayed, and because the post-emergence herbicide can influence the growth of the astragalus membranaceus at the same time, the brassin is sprayed when the weeds die basically after 5 days, so that the phytotoxicity of the astragalus membranaceus is relieved, and the smooth growth of the astragalus membranaceus in the later period is ensured. Wherein the sprayed post-emergence herbicide is a good helper brand leguminous Chinese herbal medicine post-emergence herbicide produced by Zhengzhou Changxin agriculture science and technology Limited company, the dosage of the post-emergence herbicide is 15 kg per bag, and the post-emergence herbicide is sprayed on half mu of land. The amount of the sprayed brassin is 6g per mu of land, and the brassin is diluted by 2000 times with water for use.
Step 6, artificial weeding: in the period from the beginning of 7 months to the middle ten days of 8 months, artificial weed pulling is arranged for 1-2 times, in the embodiment, artificial weed pulling is arranged for 2 times, and the roots of weeds are pulled out by weed pulling instead of the traditional weed removing shovel for removing the overground parts of the weeds. Workers walk in the farmland to pull out weeds to cause mechanical damage to astragalus membranaceus, watering is carried out in time after pulling out the weeds, and the pulled weeds must be collected outside the farmland and dried in the sun in order to prevent the weeds from rooting again in muddy water after watering.
Step 7, treating weeds around the field: in the range of 100 meters around the field, weeds around houses in the wasteland are completely killed by glyphosate before 8 months of seed setting, the usage amount of the glyphosate is 1.5 kg of 10 percent glyphosate solution per mu, 20-30 kg of water is added, the water addition amount is 25 kg in the embodiment, and the glyphosate is sprayed to prevent the grass seeds from spreading to the farmland along with wind or the running of small animals to pollute the farmland environment again.
According to the difference of the original weed quantity in the field, whether the post-emergence herbicide is used is determined in the weeding and weed control of the second and third years, in the embodiment, the weed density of the second year is more than 0.4 plant/square meter, so the whole process of weeding and weed control is the same as that of the first year; in the embodiment, the density of weeds in the third year is below 0.4 plant/square meter, and compared with the first year, the whole process of weeding and controlling weeds does not use the post-emergence herbicide.
The difference between the steps of weeding and weed-controlling in the fourth to fifth years later and the first year is that the use of the herbicide after seedling in the step 5 and the artificial weed pulling in the step 6 are not carried out. According to the ecological environment around the farmland, the weeding and weed control operation after five years is different from the weeding and weed control operation in the first year in that the weeding and weed control operation before the seedling in the step 3 and the weeding after the seedling in the step 5 are not carried out, the manual weed pulling in the step 6 is not carried out, the weeding effect is achieved by means of mechanical operation before the planting and after the harvesting of the astragalus membranaceus, and finally the obtained finished astragalus membranaceus becomes an organic health product.
Example 1
Experiments were carried out in 2017 according to the weeding and weed control method of the invention, and the number of weeds in nine fields in 2017, 2018 and 2019, and in 7-month-15-day, 8-month-1-day and 8-month-15-day (average of three dates) is recorded, which is shown in table 1.
In 2017 (year 1), according to all the steps 1-7 in the weeding and weed control operation method in the astragalus membranaceus production process, the method in 2018 (year 2) is the same as that in year 1, namely, the post-emergence herbicide is normally used in step 5; in 2019 (3 rd year), the operation of the step 5 is not carried out, namely, the post-emergence herbicide is not used any more, and certainly, the spraying of the brassin is not needed.
TABLE 1
Comparative examples 1,
A field was planted with astragalus membranaceus in the same area as in example 1, according to a conventional field weeding operation, comprising: watering after soil is defrosted in spring, spraying a pre-seedling herbicide, breaking weeds by a pre-seed power rake, planting astragalus membranaceus, spraying a post-seedling herbicide and brassin, and manually weeding.
Comparative examples 2,
Essentially the same as in comparative example 1, namely that no manual weeding is arranged, namely that: watering after the soil is defrosted in spring, spraying a pre-seedling herbicide, smashing weeds by a pre-seedling power rake, planting astragalus membranaceus, spraying a post-seedling herbicide and spraying brassin.
The number of weeds in 2017, 2018 and 2019 of example 1, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2, and the number of weeds in 7/15/8/1/8/15/year (average of three days) are reported in table 2. The weeding costs for example 1, comparative example 2 for four years in 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2020 are shown in table 3.
TABLE 2
TABLE 3
As can be seen from table 3, the conventional weeding methods used in comparative examples 1 and 2 did not change the weeding cost for several consecutive years, the cost for the first two years of the weeding and weed control method of the present invention was higher than that of the conventional method, but the cost was reduced by not using the post-emergence herbicide (including brassin) in the third year, and the cost was reduced again by not using the artificial weeding on the premise that the post-emergence herbicide (including brassin) was not used in the fourth year, and the cost was reduced again by continuing to be reduced again when the pre-emergence herbicide was not used again five years later, and thus the cost was reduced to 80 (yuan/mu). For agricultural enterprises with long-term planting, the method can effectively reduce the weeding cost (see fig. 3 and 4) on the premise of remarkable weeding effect (see fig. 2).
While the present invention has been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, which are illustrative only and not restrictive, and various modifications which do not depart from the spirit of the present invention and which are intended to be covered by the claims of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art.
Claims (6)
1. A weeding and weed control method in the planting production process of traditional Chinese medicine radix astragali is characterized in that a field and peripheral plots are regarded as a whole, the number of weeds in the field and the peripheral plots is gradually reduced by taking five years as a period, finally, the purpose that the herbicide is not used any longer and the weeds are completely eliminated in the field is achieved, and the finished radix astragali product obtained from the plots subjected to weeding operation becomes an organic healthy product.
2. The weeding and weed control method in the planting production process of the traditional Chinese medicinal material astragalus according to claim 1, comprising weeding and weed control operations for at least five consecutive years, wherein:
the weeding and weed control operation steps in the first year are as follows:
step 1, turning over the soil after autumn harvest in the previous year: after autumn harvest, a large-sized deep-turning plow is used for deeply turning for 50cm, so that the weed seeds falling on the surface of the soil are turned into the ground for at least 15cm, and most of the weed seeds are difficult to germinate when the weed seeds are below 15 cm.
Step 2, watering after soil is defrosted in spring in the year: making a part of the weed seeds lack oxygen and decay in the muddy water, and making the rest weed seeds germinate in advance;
step 3, application of the pre-emergence herbicide: spraying a pre-emergence herbicide on the soil ground after watering for 5-7 days to form a pesticide film to inhibit and kill over 80 percent of weeds;
step 4, smashing weeds by a pre-planting power harrow: before planting, leveling the land by using a power harrow, simultaneously smashing soil blocks and residual weeds, airing for 2-3 days, and planting astragalus;
step 5, using a post-emergence herbicide: after the astragalus membranaceus is planted for about 48-53 days, weeds with the burying depth of 10-15 cm emerge, at the moment, a post-seedling herbicide is sprayed, and after 5 days, brassin is sprayed, so that phytotoxicity is removed, and the later-stage smooth growth of the astragalus membranaceus is guaranteed;
step 6, artificial weeding: manually weeding 1-2 times from the beginning of 7 months to the middle ten days of 8 months, plucking the roots of weeds during weeding, collecting the plucked weeds outside a field, and watering in time after weeding;
step 7, treating weeds around the field: weeds around the field within 100 meters are completely killed by glyphosate before the weeds are seeded on the wasteland and the weeds around the house are prevented from spreading to the field along with wind or the running of small animals;
the steps of the weeding and weed control operation in the second to third years are different from the steps in the first year in that in the step 5, if the density of all kinds of weeds is below 0.4 plant/square meter, the post-emergence herbicide is not used;
the difference between the steps of weeding and controlling grass in the fourth to fifth years and the steps in the first year is that the steps of using the herbicide after seedling in the step 5 and manually weeding in the step 6 are not carried out;
the difference between the weeding and weed control operation after five years and the first year is that the steps of using the herbicide before the seedling in the step 3 and using the herbicide after the seedling in the step 5 are not carried out, the manual weed pulling in the step 6 is not carried out, the mechanical operation before the astragalus is planted and after the astragalus is harvested is used for field weeding, and finally the obtained astragalus finished product becomes an organic health product.
3. The weeding and weed control method in the planting production process of the traditional Chinese medicine, namely the astragalus membranaceus as claimed in claim 2, wherein in step 3, the pre-emergence herbicide is pendimethalin, the spraying amount is 300 milliliters of 33% pendimethalin missible oil per mu, 35 kilograms of water is added, and the mixture is uniformly sprayed on the soil surface.
4. The weeding and weed control method in the planting production process of the traditional Chinese medicine, namely the astragalus membranaceus, according to claim 2, wherein in the step 5, the post-emergence herbicide is a post-emergence herbicide prepared from leguminous Chinese herbal medicines produced by Zhengzhou Changxin agricultural science and technology Limited, the spraying amount is 50ml in total for two bags per mu, and 30 kg of water is added.
5. The weeding and weed control method in the planting production process of the traditional Chinese medicine, namely the astragalus membranaceus according to claim 4, wherein in the step 5, the sprayed brassin is diluted by 2000 times of water for use.
6. The weeding and weed control method in the planting production process of the traditional Chinese medicine, namely the astragalus membranaceus according to claim 1, wherein in step 7, 1.5 kilograms of 10% glyphosate solution is used per mu, and 20-30 kilograms of water is added.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112997623A (en) * | 2021-01-26 | 2021-06-22 | 贵州丰萃农业发展有限公司 | High-density vegetable planting pre-culture weeding technology |
| CN117136772A (en) * | 2023-10-24 | 2023-12-01 | 深圳市纬尔科技有限公司 | Intelligent agricultural greenhouse weeding method and system |
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