CN109699412A - A kind of implantation methods reducing quinoa incidence of insect disease - Google Patents
A kind of implantation methods reducing quinoa incidence of insect disease Download PDFInfo
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- CN109699412A CN109699412A CN201910123371.1A CN201910123371A CN109699412A CN 109699412 A CN109699412 A CN 109699412A CN 201910123371 A CN201910123371 A CN 201910123371A CN 109699412 A CN109699412 A CN 109699412A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of implantation methods for reducing quinoa incidence of insect disease, the following steps are included: sowing and site preparation and fertilization: soil temperature stabilizes to 10 DEG C or so, and Soil Water Content control 15%-20% applies 2500 ~ 3000 jin or so of high-quality farmyard manure or livestock class per acre；Seed pelleting, gravity-flow ventilation are dried；Field management: including weeding, deinsectization, intertillage, top dressing and irrigation management；Harvesting: when quinoa blade turns yellow, leaf falls off mostly, and stalk is begun to dry out, and seed is stiff to be gathered in.A kind of implantation methods reducing quinoa incidence of insect disease proposed by the present invention reduce Pesticide use amount by Optimization Planting technique, pest is not likely to produce drug resistance, and quinoa incidence of insect disease is effectively reduced, and increases quinoa yield, small, product safety coefficient height is destroyed to farmland ecosystem simultaneously.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to crop planting technical field, specially a kind of plantation side for reducing quinoa incidence of insect disease
Method.
Background technique
Quinoa, source area are distributed mainly on Bolivia, Ecuador and Peru of South America, and classification belongs to Chenopodiaceae, double
Cotyledon plant.Plant is in broom shape, and plant height is generally the .0m of 1 .5~2, highest to can reach 3 meters or so, root system category shallow root system,
Sequence locusta, leading shoot and side shoot are all set seeds, self-pollination.Seed is circular tablets shape, diameter about 1 .5~2mm or so, size
It is similar with millet, mass of 1000 kernel 1 .4g~3g lighter than millet, currently, the planting technology due to quinoa falls behind, so that quinoa kind
The influence of pest and disease damage is constantly subjected to when plant, we provide a kind of implantation methods for reducing quinoa incidence of insect disease thus, with solution
Certainly the problems mentioned above in the background art.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of implantation methods for reducing quinoa incidence of insect disease, to solve above-mentioned background
The problem of being proposed in technology.
To achieve the above object, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a kind of plantation for reducing quinoa incidence of insect disease
Method, comprising the following steps:
1) site preparation:
Soil is ploughed before winter irrigation, part cutworm can be turned to earth's surface at, larva, so that it air-dried, freezed to death or by natural enemy predation, machine
Tool killing, preventive effect are obvious；It plants front shovel and removes ridge change, roadside, water channel side weeds；
2) it applies fertilizer:
The high-quality farmyard manure or the decomposed organic fertilizer of livestock class for applying 2500 ~ 3000 jin or so per acre prevent from attracting adult flying into field
Block oviposition, reduces larva and chalaza entering soil；
3) sow: seed and imidacloprid are carried out seed dressing with seed-coating machine by seed can effectively prevent underground pests；
Line-spacing is controlled at 50-60 centimeters when sowing, 30~40 centimeters of spacing in the rows control, depth of planting control are at 1-2 centimetres or so；
4) field management:
Including weeding, deinsectization, intertillage, top dressing and irrigation management；Quinoa seedling can start first in conjunction with thinning after growing to 10 centimeters
Secondary to hoe up weeds, quinoa grows to about 50 centimeters or more and needs to hoe up weeds 1-2 times again；
6) prevention and control of common disease and pest；
7) it gathers in:
When quinoa leaf reddens, leaf falls off mostly, and stalk dries out, and seed is stiff to be gathered in.
Preferably, the method for prevention and the control of the common disease and pest, including following method:
(1) chafer: seedling stage prevention and control: before sowing, sandy soil is mixed using phoxim, carbofuran etc. and are uniformly spread across field, prevention and treatment is smallly
The subterranean pest-insects such as tiger, grub, chafer.Growth period prevention and control: growth period carries out 2 pest and disease damage prevention and control, and the 1st time 7
In the first tenday period of a month moon, the 2nd time in the last ten-days period in July.With chlopyrifos, effective cypermethrin and Fenpropathrin etc., 70 ~ 90mL of dosage, adds per acre
Water dilutes 1000 ~ 1500 times, effectively prevents the pests such as snout moth's larva, aphid；
(2) aphid: being dressed seed with 48% chlorpyrifos ec by seed weight 0.3% or 40% phoxim is dressed seed by grain weight 0.2%, and 4 to 6
Hour and then be sprinkled into Tanaka, the subterranean pest-insects such as grub, mole cricket, wireworm can be effectively prevented, the aphid in seedling stage can also be prevented and treated
Worm, red spider, small brown rice planthopper etc..It was found that medication after insect pest: filtering out, spray after soaking in water 24 hours in the ratio of 1:5 with plant ash
Blade is spilt, was sprayed 1 time every 7 ~ 8 days, even spray 3 times.Before flowering, 1.8% avermectin, 3500 times of liquid or 40% pyrrole can be used after
Worm quinoline 1500~2000 times of liquid of aqueous solvent etc.；
(3) borer: ploughing soil 15-20cm, increases field humidity, 20% or more Soil Water Content control.In worm full incidence period and
The larvae hatch phase selects 1.8% 2500 to 3000 times of liquid of avermectin missible oil, and 800 times of liquid of Bt wettable powder early should be applied or be selected,
20% 3000 times of fenvalerate missible oil liquid 5% comes 3000 times of liquid of 3000 times of liquid of good fortune missible oil or 10% uranus missible oil or 5.7%
Hundred trees 3000 times of liquid of 2500 times of liquid of missible oil or 2.5% cream of decamethrin；
(4) leaf roll snout moth's larva: the worm suitable growth developmental temperature range is at 18 ~ 37 DEG C, and environmental optima condition is 22 ~ 34 DEG C of temperature, phase
It is primary every prevention and treatment in 7 ~ 10 days when having 1 ~ 2% plant has leaf roll to cause harm to humidity 75% ~ 90%, select 1% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate
1000 times of liquid or 2.5% 3000 times of liquid of cream of decamethrin etc., Rynaxypyr increase content emamectin benzoate compounding and spray blade；
(5) damping-off: when soil moisture is greater than 80%, the viscous weight of soil property and the low-lying land of impeded drainage, illumination is insufficient, plant is anti-
The sick weak susceptible disease of ability is propagated by rainwater, flowing water, the compost to carry disease germs and farm implements etc., and germ develops 20-24 DEG C of thermophilic.Field
Soil control irrigates humidity in 10%-20%, timely thinning and intertillage, and the plant spacing that preserves value is divulged information and the air permeability of soil.Sowing
Phase seed treatment: dressing seed, dosage are the 0.2% ~ 0.3% of dry seeds weight, as discovery disease must be pulled out in time after emergence
Sick seedling.Intertillage in time is abolished hardened after rain, to improve ground temperature, soil property pine is made to dredge gas, is enhanced premunition.Early stage sprinkling
38% dislikes the phonetic 800 times of liquid of copper bacterium ester of frost or 20% tolelofos-methyl missible oil, 1200 times of liquid, sprays 1 time every 7 ~ 10 days.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
By the planting patterns for selecting the seedtime for being suitable for, selection suitable, reinforce the fertilizer and water management research of quinoa, it is suitable to prepare
The special fertilizer of quinoa growth reinforces the supervision of each growth cycle of quinoa, analyzes in real time, constantly develop excellent technology, into
Row plantation is promoted.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention will be further described:
The present invention provides a kind of technical solution: a kind of implantation methods reducing quinoa incidence of insect disease, comprising the following steps:
Soil is ploughed before winter irrigation, part cutworm can be turned to earth's surface at, larva, so that it air-dried, freezed to death or by natural enemy predation, machine
Tool killing, preventive effect are obvious.
Before sowing, 2500 ~ 3000 jin or so of high-quality farmyard manure or the decomposed organic fertilizer of livestock class are applied per acre, prevents from attracting
Adult flies into field oviposition, reduces larva and chalaza entering soil, root out ridge change, roadside, water channel side weeds.
Seed treatment: seed is dressed seed seed and imidacloprid with seed-coating machine, and picking out mildew and rot and moth evil kind of grain can have
Effect prevention underground pests, dressing seed, dosage are the 0.2% ~ 0.3% of dry seeds weight.
Line-spacing is controlled at 50-60 centimeters when sowing, 30~40 centimeters of spacing in the rows control, depth of planting control are at 1-2 centimetres
Left and right carries out fining sowing using the implanted device of setting water droplet pipeline pipe arranging device, and fertilizer carries out simultaneously with sowing, two rows
It applies fertilizer between sowing, keeps seed level consistent when sowing.It is as follows to the variation of pest and disease damage and yield to sow distance between rows and hills:
| Line-spacing | Prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control rate influences | Yield |
| 30-40cm | 10%-15% | 300-380 pounds/acre |
| 40-50cm | 15%-20% | 400-500 pounds/acre |
| 50-60cm | 20%-25% | 350-400 pounds/acre |
We can see that line-spacing is in 40-50cm line-spacing from table, although the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control is not highest, due to strain number
It influences, yield reaches peak value.
It fills the gaps with seedlings thinning: after coming up, checking emergence in time, the bad plot of emergence will reseed in time.Chenopodiaceae
Wheat seeding ground BOB(beginning of block) thinning more for emergence after growing to 10 centimeters.Every cave stays 1~2 plant, and discovery seedling damaged by vermin should be stood
Pull out.
Weeding: chemical herbicide cannot be used before sowing.10 centimeters or so are grown to, first time artificial weeding pine is carried out
Soil；Second of artificial weeding is carried out when growing to 50 centimeters, or uses cultivator ridge soil and weeding；Later according to quinoa growth and
Weeds situation is flexibly carried out.
Fertilising: quinoa is at seeding time to apply overfertilization, so only need to intertill front and back fertilising, dose situation of change:
| Dose | Prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control rate influences | Yield |
| 500 pounds/acre | 15%-20% | 350-450 pounds/acre |
| 350 pounds/acre | 20%-30% | 400-500 pounds/acre |
| 200 pounds/acre | 10%-15% | 300-400 pounds/acre |
From table we have seen that when dose is at 350 pounds/acre, peak value that prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control rate and yield reach.
The prevention and control of common disease and pest:
Chafer: seedling stage prevention and control: before sowing, sandy soil is mixed using phoxim, carbofuran etc. and are uniformly spread across field, it is old to prevent and treat small ground
The subterranean pest-insects such as tiger, grub, chafer.Growth period prevention and control: growth period carries out 2 pest and disease damage prevention and control, and the 1st time in July
In the first tenday period of a month, the 2nd time in the last ten-days period in July.With chlopyrifos, effective cypermethrin and Fenpropathrin etc., 70 ~ 90mL of dosage, adds water per acre
1000 ~ 1500 times of dilution, effectively prevents the pests such as snout moth's larva, aphid.
Aphid: being dressed seed with 48% chlorpyrifos ec by seed weight 0.3% or 40% phoxim is dressed seed by grain weight 0.2%, and 4 arrive
6 hours and then it is sprinkled into Tanaka, the subterranean pest-insects such as grub, mole cricket, wireworm can be effectively prevented, the aphid in seedling stage can also be prevented and treated
Worm, red spider, small brown rice planthopper etc..It was found that medication after insect pest: filtering out, spray after soaking in water 24 hours in the ratio of 1:5 with plant ash
Blade is spilt, was sprayed 1 time every 7 ~ 8 days, even spray 3 times.Before flowering, 1.8% avermectin, 3500 times of liquid or 40% pyrrole can be used after
Worm quinoline 1500~2000 times of liquid of aqueous solvent etc..
Borer: ploughing soil 15-20cm, increases field humidity, 20% or more Soil Water Content control.In worm full incidence period
With the larvae hatch phase, 1.8% 2500 to 3000 times of liquid of avermectin missible oil are selected, 800 times of liquid of Bt wettable powder early should be applied or be selected
Carry out 3000 times of liquid of 3000 times of liquid of good fortune missible oil or 10% uranus missible oil with, 20% 3000 times of fenvalerate missible oil liquid or 5%, or
5.7% hundred tree 3000 times of liquid of 2500 times of liquid of missible oil or 2.5% cream of decamethrin.
Leaf roll snout moth's larva: the worm suitable growth developmental temperature range is at 18 ~ 37 DEG C, and environmental optima condition is 22 ~ 34 DEG C of temperature, phase
It is primary every prevention and treatment in 7 ~ 10 days when having 1 ~ 2% plant has leaf roll to cause harm to humidity 75% ~ 90%, select 1% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate
1000 times of liquid or 2.5% 3000 times of liquid of cream of decamethrin etc., Rynaxypyr increase content emamectin benzoate compounding and spray blade.
Damping-off: when soil moisture is greater than 80%, the viscous weight of soil property and the low-lying land of impeded drainage, illumination is insufficient, plant is anti-
The sick weak susceptible disease of ability is propagated by rainwater, flowing water, the compost to carry disease germs and farm implements etc., and germ develops 20-24 DEG C of thermophilic, field
Soil control irrigates humidity in 10%-20%, timely thinning and intertillage, and the plant spacing that preserves value is divulged information and the air permeability of soil；Sowing
Phase seed treatment: dressing seed, dosage are the 0.2% ~ 0.3% of dry seeds weight, as discovery disease must be pulled out in time after emergence
Sick seedling, intertillage in time is abolished hardened after rain, to improve ground temperature, soil property pine is made to dredge gas, enhances premunition, early stage sprinkling
38% dislikes the phonetic 800 times of liquid of copper bacterium ester of frost or 20% tolelofos-methyl missible oil, 1200 times of liquid, sprayed 1 time every 7 ~ 10 days, becomes before and after dosage
Change:
From table we have seen that, chafer (chlopyrifos, effective cypermethrin and Fenpropathrin are 30 ~ 50g/ mus each), borer
(30 ~ 50g/ mus of fenvalerate missible oil), the medication of leaf roll snout moth's larva (15 ~ 20g/ mus of abamectin emulsifiable concentrate, 10 ~ 30g/ mus of emamectin benzoate)
Amount, so that yield reaches peak.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of implantation methods for reducing quinoa incidence of insect disease, it is characterised in that: the following steps are included:
1) site preparation:
Soil is ploughed before winter irrigation, part cutworm can be turned to earth's surface at, larva, so that it air-dried, freezed to death or by natural enemy predation, machine
Tool killing, preventive effect are obvious；It plants front shovel and removes ridge change, roadside, water channel side weeds；
2) it applies fertilizer:
The high-quality farmyard manure or the decomposed organic fertilizer of livestock class for applying 2500 ~ 3000 jin or so per acre prevent from attracting adult flying into field
Block oviposition, reduces larva and chalaza entering soil；
3) sow: seed and imidacloprid are carried out seed dressing with seed-coating machine by seed can effectively prevent underground pests；
Line-spacing is controlled at 50-60 centimeters when sowing, 30~40 centimeters of spacing in the rows control, depth of planting control are at 1-2 centimetres or so；
4) field management:
Including weeding, deinsectization, intertillage, top dressing and irrigation management；Quinoa seedling can start first in conjunction with thinning after growing to 10 centimeters
Secondary to hoe up weeds, quinoa grows to about 50 centimeters or more and needs to hoe up weeds 1-2 times again；
5) prevention and control of common disease and pest；
6) it gathers in:
When quinoa leaf reddens, leaf falls off mostly, and stalk dries out, and seed is stiff to be gathered in.
2. according to the method for the prevention of common disease and pest described in claims 1 and control, including following method:
1) chafer: seedling stage prevention and control: before sowing, sandy soil is mixed using phoxim, carbofuran etc. and are uniformly spread across field, it is old to prevent and treat small ground
The subterranean pest-insects growth period prevention and control such as tiger, grub, chafer: growth period carries out 2 pest and disease damage prevention and control, and the 1st time on July
In ten days, the 2nd time in the last ten-days period in July；With chlopyrifos, effective cypermethrin and Fenpropathrin etc., 70 ~ 90mL of dosage, adds water dilute per acre
1000 ~ 1500 times are released, the pests such as snout moth's larva, aphid are effectively prevented；
2) aphid: being dressed seed with 48% chlorpyrifos ec by seed weight 0.3% or 40% phoxim is dressed seed by grain weight 0.2%, and 4 to 6
Hour and then be sprinkled into Tanaka, the subterranean pest-insects such as grub, mole cricket, wireworm can be effectively prevented, the aphid in seedling stage can also be prevented and treated
Worm, red spider, small brown rice planthopper etc.；It was found that medication after insect pest: filtering out, spray after soaking in water 24 hours in the ratio of 1:5 with plant ash
Blade is spilt, was sprayed 1 time every 7 ~ 8 days, even spray 3 times；Before flowering, 1.8% avermectin, 3500 times of liquid or 40% pyrrole can be used after
Worm quinoline 1500~2000 times of liquid of aqueous solvent etc.；
3) borer: ploughing soil 15-20cm, increases field humidity, 20% or more Soil Water Content control, in worm full incidence period and
The larvae hatch phase selects 1.8% 2500 to 3000 times of liquid of avermectin missible oil, and 800 times of liquid of Bt wettable powder early should be applied or be selected,
20% 3000 times of fenvalerate missible oil liquid 5% comes 3000 times of liquid of 3000 times of liquid of good fortune missible oil or 10% uranus missible oil or 5.7%
Hundred trees 3000 times of liquid of 2500 times of liquid of missible oil or 2.5% cream of decamethrin；
4) leaf roll snout moth's larva: the worm suitable growth developmental temperature range is at 18 ~ 37 DEG C, and environmental optima condition is 22 ~ 34 DEG C of temperature, relatively
Humidity 75% ~ 90%, it is primary every prevention and treatment in 7 ~ 10 days when having 1 ~ 2% plant has leaf roll to cause harm, select 1% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate 1000
Times liquid or 2.5% 3000 times of liquid of cream of decamethrin etc., Rynaxypyr increase content emamectin benzoate compounding and spray blade；
5) damping-off: when soil moisture is greater than 80%, the low-lying land of the viscous weight of soil property and impeded drainage, illumination is insufficient, plant is disease-resistant
The weak susceptible disease of ability is propagated by rainwater, flowing water, the compost to carry disease germs and farm implements etc., and germ develops 20-24 DEG C of thermophilic, field soil
Earth control irrigates humidity in 10%-20%, timely thinning and intertillage, and the plant spacing that preserves value is divulged information and the air permeability of soil；Sowing time
Seed treatment: dressing seed, dosage are the 0.2% ~ 0.3% of dry seeds weight, as discovery disease must pull out disease in time after emergence
Seedling, intertillage in time is abolished hardened after rain, to improve ground temperature, soil property pine is made to dredge gas, is enhanced premunition；Early stage sprinkling 38%
The phonetic 800 times of liquid of copper bacterium ester of frost or 20% tolelofos-methyl missible oil, 1200 times of liquid are disliked, were sprayed 1 time every 7 ~ 10 days.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110710424A (en) * | 2019-11-20 | 2020-01-21 | 甘肃天耀有机农产品开发有限公司 | High-efficiency disease and pest prevention planting and cultivating method for quinoa |
| CN112189519A (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2021-01-08 | 山西农业大学 | Method for dry-land cultivation and yield increase of quinoa |
| CN112243825A (en) * | 2020-11-13 | 2021-01-22 | 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 | Method for controlling harm of sophora flavescens in desertification soil land |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110710424A (en) * | 2019-11-20 | 2020-01-21 | 甘肃天耀有机农产品开发有限公司 | High-efficiency disease and pest prevention planting and cultivating method for quinoa |
| CN112189519A (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2021-01-08 | 山西农业大学 | Method for dry-land cultivation and yield increase of quinoa |
| CN112243825A (en) * | 2020-11-13 | 2021-01-22 | 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 | Method for controlling harm of sophora flavescens in desertification soil land |
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Application publication date: 20190503 |